WO2024145345A1 - Dispositif de transmission de lumière variable comprenant un milieu électrophorétique ayant une combinaison de particules de pigment réfléchissant la lumière et absorbant la lumière - Google Patents

Dispositif de transmission de lumière variable comprenant un milieu électrophorétique ayant une combinaison de particules de pigment réfléchissant la lumière et absorbant la lumière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024145345A1
WO2024145345A1 PCT/US2023/086018 US2023086018W WO2024145345A1 WO 2024145345 A1 WO2024145345 A1 WO 2024145345A1 US 2023086018 W US2023086018 W US 2023086018W WO 2024145345 A1 WO2024145345 A1 WO 2024145345A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microcell
protrusion
base
pigment particles
electrically charged
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2023/086018
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English (en)
Inventor
Yu Xia
Dirk Hertel
Dan Luo
Stephen J. Telfer
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E Ink Corp
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E Ink Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E Ink Corp filed Critical E Ink Corp
Priority to AU2023415499A priority Critical patent/AU2023415499A1/en
Priority to JP2025533108A priority patent/JP2025539513A/ja
Priority to KR1020257016569A priority patent/KR102921131B1/ko
Priority to EP23848652.6A priority patent/EP4643179A1/fr
Priority to CN202380087767.XA priority patent/CN120359461A/zh
Priority claimed from US18/397,318 external-priority patent/US20240219799A1/en
Publication of WO2024145345A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024145345A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
    • G02F1/1681—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1685—Operation of cells; Circuit arrangements affecting the entire cell

Definitions

  • electrophoretic media require the presence of a suspending fluid.
  • this suspending fluid is a liquid, but electrophoretic media can be produced using gaseous suspending fluids.
  • gas-based electrophoretic media appear to be susceptible to the same types of problems due to particle settling as liquid-based electrophoretic media, when the media are used in an orientation which permits such settling, for example in a sign where the medium is disposed in a vertical plane.
  • particle settling appears to be a more serious problem in gas-based electrophoretic media than in liquid-based ones, since the lower viscosity of gaseous suspending fluids as compared with liquid ones allows more rapid settling of the electrically charged pigment particles.
  • Encapsulated electrophoretic media comprise numerous small capsules, each of which itself comprises an internal phase containing electrophoretically- mobile particles in a liquid medium, and a capsule wall surrounding the internal phase.
  • the capsules are themselves held within a polymeric binder to form a coherent layer positioned between two electrodes.
  • electrophoretic media are often opaque (since, for example, in many electrophoretic media, the particles substantially block transmission of visible light through the display) and operate in a reflective mode
  • many electrophoretic displays can be made to operate in a so-called "shutter mode" in which one display state is substantially opaque and one is light- transmissive. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,130,774 and 6,172,798, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,872,552; 6,144,361; 6,271,823; 6,225,971; and 6,184,856.
  • Dielectrophoretic displays which are similar to electrophoretic displays but rely upon variations in electric field strength, can operate in a similar mode; see U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,346.
  • Other types of electro-optic displays may also be capable of operating in shutter mode.
  • the first type of electrically charged pigment particles may have opposite charge polarity from the second type of charged pigment particles.
  • the first type of electrically charged pigment particles may be negatively charged and the second type of charged pigment particles may be positively charged.
  • he first type of electrically charged pigment particles may be positively charged and the second type of charged pigment particles may be negatively charged.
  • the first type of electrically charged pigment particles may have an average particle size that is larger than the average particle size of the second type of charged pigment particles. Average particle size corresponds to average diameter of the largest dimension of the electrically charged pigment particles.
  • the second waveform may comprise a waveform that is formed by a superposition of a DC voltage component and an AC waveform, the AC waveform having an amplitude and a frequency, the DC voltage component having an amplitude.
  • the frequency of the AC waveform may be from 0.1 Hz to 6000 Hz, from 100 Hz to 3000 Hz, or from 400 Hz to 2000 Hz, and the amplitude of the AC waveform may be from 10V to 200V or from 20V to 180V.
  • the amplitude of the DC voltage component may be from 0.1V to 500V.
  • the distance of a point from a plane is the shortest perpendicular distance from the point to the plane.
  • the shortest distance from a point to a plane is the length of the perpendicular parallel to the normal vector dropped from the given point to the given plane.
  • electrically charged pigment particles may refer to charged pigment particles that do not have any polymeric material on the surface of the pigment particles.
  • electrically charged pigment particles may also refer to pigment particles that have a polymeric material on the surface of the pigment particles.
  • Equation (2) 2 is the Debye screening length, R is the particle radius, and D is the diffusion constant of charge carriers in the fluid.
  • FIG. 2D illustrate an example of a variable light transmission device according to the present invention wherein the protrusion structure of the variable light transmission device is a cone on a cylinder.
  • the variable light transmission device of FIG. 2D is similar to that illustrated by FIGS. 2 A, 2B, 2C, but shows a larger portion of the device that includes four microcells.
  • Variable light transmission device 200 comprises first light transmissive substrate 201, first light-transmissive electrode layer 202, a microcell layer 203 comprising a plurality or microcells 204 and a sealing layer 206, second light transmissive electrode layer 207, and second light transmissive substrate 208.
  • the ICEO flows are illustrated by the curved arrows, being more constrained on the “uphill” side of the cone than the “downhill” side. This imparts a force to the particle shown by the dotted horizontal arrow. There will be an opposing force perpendicular to the cone, forcing the particle towards the apex of the cone. With an appropriate choice of AC fields and frequencies, the particles can be moved out of the channel region and up the sides of the cone in this way.
  • the electrophoretic medium of the variable light transmission device of the present invention comprises a first type of electrically charged pigment particles, a second type of electrically charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, and a non-polar liquid.
  • the first type of electrically charged pigment particles may be light reflecting and the second type of electrically charged pigment particles may be light absorbing.
  • a typical example of light reflecting pigment particles is titanium dioxide, which has a white color.
  • Typical examples of light absorbing pigment particles include organic and inorganic pigment particles having black, blue, cyan, magenta, red, green, yellow, and other colors.
  • the first type of electrically charged pigment particles may have the same polarity as the second type of electrically charged pigment particles.
  • the first type of electrically charged pigment particles may have opposite polarity from the second type of electrically charged pigment particles.
  • the zeta potential of the first type of electrically charged pigment particles may be lower than that of the second type of electrically charged pigment particles.
  • the average particle size of the first type of electrically charged pigment particles may be larger than the average particle size of the second type of electrically charged pigment particles as determined by the average diameter of the pigment particles.
  • both types of electrically charged pigment particles 222a first type and 222b (second type) will move into the channel of a microcell to form an open state.
  • second type of electrically charged pigment particles 222b light absorbing
  • first type of electrically charged pigment particles 222a have a lower charge (and a larger size).
  • second type of electrically charged pigment particles 222b will be placed closer to the exposed microcell bottom inside surface (bottom of the channel) than first type of electrically charged pigment particles 222a.
  • FIG. 7b The closed optical state of this example of variable light transmission device is illustrated in FIG. 7b.
  • first light transmissive electrode layer 202 and second light transmissive electrode layer 207 both types of electrically charged pigment particles 222a and 222b will move towards the first light transmissive electrode layer to achieve a closed optical state.
  • second type of electrically charged pigment particles 222b (light absorbing) will be positioned closer to sealing layer 206 than the first type of electrically charged pigment particles 222a (light reflecting), because first type of electrically charged pigment particles 222a have lower charge (and larger size).
  • a variable light transmission device has an electrophoretic media including first type of electrically charged pigment particles (light reflecting) and second type of electrically charged pigment particles (light absorbing), wherein the first type of electrically charged pigment particles and the second type of electrically charged pigment particles have opposite charge polarities.
  • Two possible open optical states of this example are illustrated in FIGS. 8a and 8b respectively.
  • first electrically charged pigment particles 223a (light reflecting) or the second electrically charged pigment particles 223b (light absorbing) will move towards the channel (open optical state).
  • the amount of second type of electrically charged pigment particles which can have a black color, will be chosen to be sufficient to hide the white pigment in the channel (open optical state), when viewed from below, but not so high as to lead to too much light absorption in the closed state. “Viewed from below” means that the observer is located on the side of the variable light transmission device which is closer to the second light transmissive electrode layer 207, as opposed to the side that is closer to first light transmissive electrode layer 202.
  • variable transmission device It is desirable that the open optical state of a variable transmission device has high transmittance and low haze. Furthermore, in certain applications, such as building windows or vehicle sunroofs, it is desirable to manage the heating up of the building or the vehicle. Heat management is difficult when a variable transmission device comprising electrophoretic media including light absorbing electrically charged pigment particles. In the closed optical state of such devices, light incident on the device may be absorbed by the device, causing it to heat up. Incident light may include wavelengths within the solar spectrum, i.e., ultraviolet, visible, and infra-red. Another problem may be that the closed optical state is not completely opaque. That is, some of the incident light penetrates into the building or the vehicle, warming the interior of the building or the vehicle.
  • FIG. 9 provides graphs of luminous reflection, transmission, and absorption versus layer thickness of a layer comprising a black pigment (light absorbing). That is, for each layer thickness, the graphs provide the amount of light that is reflected, transmitted, and absorbed as a ratio of the incident light.
  • FIG. 10 provides graphs of luminous reflection, transmission, and absorption versus layer thickness of a layer comprising a white pigment (light reflecting). That is, for each layer thickness, the graphs provide the amount of light that is reflected, transmitted, and absorbed as a ratio of the incident light.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 indicate that white pigment reflects light significantly more than the black pigment, but does not absorb incident light.
  • white pigment provides opacity by light reflection/scattering. As the layer thickness increases, more incident light is reflected and less is transmitted.
  • variable light transmission devices that comprise media having white pigment particles (reflecting) may show significant haze in the open optical state.
  • variable light transmission devices comprising electrophoretic media having electrically charged particles comprising reflecting pigment (first type) and electrically charged particles comprising absorbing pigment (second type) provides significant benefits, such as the reduction of haze.
  • the reflecting pigment may be titanium dioxide and the absorbing pigment may be inorganic black, such as iron oxide black.
  • FIG. 11 shows the effect on the reflection, transmission, and absorption versus layer thickness of a layer of a closed optical state comprising a combination of white pigment (light reflecting) and black pigment (absorbing).
  • the weight ratio of black to white pigments is 0.1. That is, for each layer thickness, the graphs provide the amount of light that is reflected, transmitted, and absorbed as a ratio of the incident light.
  • variable transmission device having an electrophoretic medium including first type of electrically charged pigment particles (white or reflecting having a negative charge polarity) and second type of electrically charged pigment particles (black or absorbing having a positive polarity)
  • first type of electrically charged pigment particles white or reflecting having a negative charge polarity
  • second type of electrically charged pigment particles black or absorbing having a positive polarity
  • the relative position of the two types of electrically charged pigment particles in the open and close optical states can be controlled by the applied electric field.
  • the polarizability and size of the particles determines the frequency required for optimal motion.
  • the maximum ICEO velocity for these two types of oppositely charged pigment particles can be achieved by using electric fields comprising AC waveforms of different frequencies. In Example 7 below, which is related to this scenario, the characteristic AC waveform frequency is much higher for the white pigment than for the black pigment.
  • the black pigment can be switched into the channel using a relatively low AC frequency with a superimposed DC offset appropriate to move that black pigment in the channel of the microcell as illustrated in the Figures.
  • a positive offset voltage applied to an AC voltage on the first light transmissive electrode layer, while the second light transmissive electrode layer is grounded will move the black pigment into the channel.
  • the AC frequency is relatively low (10 Hz); at this frequency both the white and black pigments have a strong ICEO-induced lateral motion.
  • the AC frequency is increased to a higher value.
  • the ICEO-induced motion of the black pigment is reduced, but that of the white pigment is maintained.
  • the white pigment can be switched into the channel by a negative DC offset to the AC waveform.
  • Both white and black particles are present in the channel (as shown in FIG. 7a.
  • the electric field of the second step may drive a portion of the black pigment particles out of the channel, it will not move the black pigment laterally.
  • the black particles that may move out of the channel will undergo a vertical motion to provide the open optical state similar to that illustrated in FIG. 8a.
  • FIG. 12 illustrate a side view of an inventive variable light transmission device comprising a first light transmissive electrode layer 202, a second light transmissive electrode layer, and an electrophoretic medium including electrically charged pigment particles 222, the electrically charged pigment particles being light reflective.
  • the electrophoretic medium comprises one type of electrically charged pigment particles.
  • the variable light transmission device also comprises a first light blocking layer 1202 on the exposed microcell bottom inside surface of the microcell.
  • the first light blocking layer 1202 may comprise black pigment particles that are light absorbing.
  • the electrically charged pigment particles of the electrophoretic medium are included in the channel of the microcell (FIG. 12a).
  • the first light blocking layer 1202 blocks the haze, when the device is viewed from the bottom. Viewed from the bottom means that the observer views the device from the side that is near the second light transmissive electrode layer 207. However, the haze is still apparent, when the device is viewed from the top. Viewed from the top means that the observer views the device from the side that is near the first light transmissive electrode layer 202.
  • FIG. 12b illustrates the closed optical state of the device.
  • the variable light transmission device shown in FIG. 12 can be used for applications where the viewer is generally positioned on one side of the variable light transmission device, such as, for example a sunroof.
  • variable light transmission device with improved performance of the closed optical state can also be achieved by using the device illustrated in FIG. 13.
  • the variable light transmission device illustrated in FIG. 13 comprises a first light transmissive electrode layer (202); a second light transmissive electrode layer (207); and a microcell layer (203).
  • the microcell layer is disposed between the first light transmissive electrode layer (202) and the second light transmissive electrode layer (207).
  • the microcell layer comprises a plurality of microcells and a sealing layer.
  • Each microcell of the plurality of microcells includes an electrophoretic medium, the electrophoretic medium comprising electrically charged pigment particles, a charge control agent, and a non-polar liquid.
  • the electrophoretic medium comprises one type of electrically charged pigment particles.
  • the channel has a channel height, the channel height being 50% of the protrusion height.
  • the unexposed microcell bottom inside surface is in contact with the protrusion base.
  • the channel is a volume between the exposed microcell bottom inside surface, the protrusion surface, and the microcell inside wall surface.
  • the variable light transmission device of FIG. 13 may further comprise a first light blocking layer 1202, the first light blocking layer 1202 being disposed on the exposed microcell bottom inside surface layer. As described above, the first light blocking layer 1202 mitigates the haze when the device is viewed from below.
  • the second light blocking layer 1311 contributes to an improved closed state by increasing the opacity of the device that may be caused by a partially light transmissive wall material.
  • the second light blocking layer 1311 may be black, white, or any other color.
  • the non-polar liquid of the electrophoretic medium may comprise an aliphatic hydrocarbon, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, a polydimethylsiloxane, or mixture thereof.
  • the electrophoretic medium may also comprise a flocculating agent, also called depletor.
  • the depletor induces an osmotic pressure difference between pigment-pigment particle and pigment particle depletor molecules. As a result, bistability of the optical states (open and closed) of the device is enhanced.
  • Depletors are typically polymeric material such as polyisobutylene and polydimethylsiloxane.
  • Example 1 A device was prepared by laminating together a sheet of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) transparent conductor to an embossed microcell array on a second sheet of PET/ITO containing and electrophoretic medium.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • ITO Indium Tin Oxide
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view of a microcell of the device.
  • FIG. 15 shows the corresponding cross-sectional view of one microcell of the device. Table 1 shows the dimensions of the microcell.
  • the waveform that was used to switch the device from the open optical state to the closed optical state was DC superimposing AC, i.e., square wave waveform, +/-50V AC with 500 Hz frequency.
  • the waveform to switch the device from the closed optical state to the open optical state was +/-50V AC with offset of +50V DC.
  • the behavior of the device of Example 3 was thus very similar to that of the device with electrophoretic medium comprising 1 wt% of CCA of Example 2, except that the DC offset required to achieve the open optical state was of opposite polarity.
  • a particularly preferred solvent is limonene, since it combines a low dielectric constant (2.3) with a relatively high refractive index (1.47).
  • the refractive index of the electrophoretic medium may be modified with the addition of index matching agents.
  • the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 7,679,814 describes an electrophoretic medium suitable for use in a variable light transmission device in which the non-polar liquid of the electrophoretic medium comprises a mixture of a partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon and a terpene, a preferred mixture being d-limonene and a partially hydrogenated terphenyl, available commercially as Cargille® 5040 from Cargille-Sacher Laboratories, 55 Commerce Rd, Cedar Grove N.J. 07009.
  • the refractive index of the encapsulated electrophoretic medium closely matches that of the encapsulating material. In most instances, it is beneficial to use an electrophoretic medium having a refractive index between 1.51 and 1.57 at 550 nm, preferably about 1.54 at 550 nm.
  • the waveform used was a +/-50V square wave AC having a 10 Hz frequency.
  • a 5% duty cycle alternating with a 50% duty cycle was used.
  • a 95% duty cycle was employed, followed by 50% duty cycle.
  • the time required for complete switching was approximately 20 seconds. This time is considerably longer than the time required to switch the non-index -matched solvent that contains no depletor (Example 4A).
  • the black pigment particle has a core comprising black iron oxide (Pigment Black 11) and a polymeric shell.
  • the black pigment particles were dispersed in the entire electrophoretic medium when the device was made.
  • An waveform of 0.5 Hz, 50V square waveform with +50V offset (i.e., switching between +100V and 0V) and 50% duty cycle was applied to the first light transmissive electrode layer, while the second light transmissive electrode layer was kept at 0 V.
  • the electric field between the two electrodes induced electrophoresis and drove the positive black pigment to the unexposed microcell bottom surface (inside the channel), as demonstrated in Figure 19.
  • the black pigment remained on the unexposed microcell bottom surface after the voltage was released.
  • the PET/ITO first electrode was then peeled from the device to allow the evaporation of the film.
  • Example 6 A variable light transmission device was prepared as the variable light transmission device of Example 5, except that the light blocking composition was formulated by mixing 10 wt% of white pigment and 5 wt% CCA (Cationic Charge Control Agent from Example 1 - CCA111 of US2020/0355978111) in Isopar E solvent. The device was readily switched under 50 Hz / 50V square wave between the closed optical state (0V offset, FIG. 20) and the open optical state (-50V offset, FIG. 21).
  • CCA Charge Control Agent from Example 1 - CCA111 of US2020/0355978111

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif de transmission de lumière variable est divulgué, le dispositif de transmission de lumière variable comprenant deux couches d'électrode transmettant la lumière et une couche de microcellules ayant une pluralité de microcellules. Chacune de la pluralité de microcellules comprend un premier type de particules de pigment chargées électriquement et un second type de particules de pigment chargées électriquement, un agent de commande de charge et un liquide non polaire. Lors de l'application d'un champ électrique, la quantité de lumière traversant le dispositif peut être modulée.
PCT/US2023/086018 2022-12-30 2023-12-27 Dispositif de transmission de lumière variable comprenant un milieu électrophorétique ayant une combinaison de particules de pigment réfléchissant la lumière et absorbant la lumière Ceased WO2024145345A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2023415499A AU2023415499A1 (en) 2022-12-30 2023-12-27 A variable light transmission device comprising electrophoretic medium having a compination of light reflective and light absorbing pigment particles
JP2025533108A JP2025539513A (ja) 2022-12-30 2023-12-27 ２つのタイプの荷電された顔料粒子を含む電気泳動媒体を備えている可変光透過デバイス
KR1020257016569A KR102921131B1 (ko) 2022-12-30 2023-12-27 광 반사성 및 광 흡수성 안료 입자들의 조합을 갖는 전기 영동 매질을 포함하는 가변 광 투과 디바이스
EP23848652.6A EP4643179A1 (fr) 2022-12-30 2023-12-27 Dispositif de transmission de lumière variable comprenant un milieu électrophorétique ayant une combinaison de particules de pigment réfléchissant la lumière et absorbant la lumière
CN202380087767.XA CN120359461A (zh) 2022-12-30 2023-12-27 包括具有光反射和光吸收颜料粒子的组合的电泳介质的可变光透射装置

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202263436124P 2022-12-30 2022-12-30
US63/436,124 2022-12-30
US18/397,318 US20240219799A1 (en) 2022-12-30 2023-12-27 Variable light transmission device comprising electrophoretic medium having a compination of light reflective and light absorbing pigment particles
US18/397,318 2023-12-27

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KR (1) KR102921131B1 (fr)
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US6271823B1 (en) 1998-09-16 2001-08-07 International Business Machines Corporation Reflective electrophoretic display with laterally adjacent color cells using a reflective panel
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