WO2024124744A1 - 一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024124744A1
WO2024124744A1 PCT/CN2023/084992 CN2023084992W WO2024124744A1 WO 2024124744 A1 WO2024124744 A1 WO 2024124744A1 CN 2023084992 W CN2023084992 W CN 2023084992W WO 2024124744 A1 WO2024124744 A1 WO 2024124744A1
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Prior art keywords
simulated
gas
pressure
temperature
coring
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张先敏
冯其红
郑壮壮
陈白言曰
张昌龙
张斌
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No1 Exploration Brigade Of Shandong Coal Geology Bureau
China University of Petroleum East China
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No1 Exploration Brigade Of Shandong Coal Geology Bureau
China University of Petroleum East China
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Priority to US18/566,659 priority Critical patent/US20250116586A1/en
Publication of WO2024124744A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024124744A1/zh
Priority to US18/981,470 priority patent/US12449339B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G01N33/241—Earth materials for hydrocarbon content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
    • G01N7/14—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference
    • G01N7/16—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference by heating the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of petroleum engineering and relates to a gas loss test device and method for simulating a rope coring process.
  • Gas content is a key parameter for determining the amount of resources in the exploration and development of unconventional natural gas, and is also the basis for evaluating the development potential of unconventional natural gas. Since a considerable part of unconventional natural gas exists in the form of adsorbed gas, the unconventional natural gas reserves cannot be simply determined by measuring the effective pore volume, but must be tested through field gas content experiments. According to the provisions of the standards GB/T19559-2008 "Coalbed Methane Content Determination Device" and SY/T6940-2013 "Shale Gas Content Determination Device", the field gas content consists of three parts: lost gas volume, desorbed gas volume and residual gas volume.
  • the desorbed gas volume and residual gas volume can be directly measured by experiments, and the lost gas volume is generally estimated by the direct method proposed by the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM).
  • USBM United States Bureau of Mines
  • the core In the real rope coring and lifting process, the core is always in a drilling fluid filling environment before reaching the wellhead. Under the pressure constraint of the filling liquid phase, the liquid can prevent the gas from escaping from the core to a certain extent.
  • the gas in the core can only escape from the core and enter the filling liquid phase in the tube after breaking through the mixed effect of the gas state and porous medium and the liquid phase constraint around the core.
  • the core Under the action of buoyancy, the core is aggregated in the form of small bubbles and floats to the wellhead for loss.
  • the ambient temperature drops synchronously with the pressure, which will also inhibit the continuous escape of the gas in the core to a certain extent.
  • the invention patent with document number CN105675434B discloses a gas content measurement system and a measuring device, which is based on the temperature and pressure tracing concept and is used to measure the loss gas and desorbed gas content of the sample;
  • the invention patent with authorization announcement number CN10515811B discloses an experimental device for measuring the gas loss amount during high-speed gas injection using a large-size core, which can quickly determine the gas loss amount of different cores at different injection rates and constantly changing injection rates, as well as the gas loss amount of the same core at different injection and production cycles;
  • the invention patent with document number CN104863579B discloses a gas loss measurement device and a gas loss measurement system, which are suitable for direct measurement of gas loss in different lithologies, different drilling models, and different core diameters;
  • the invention patent with document number CN104863579B discloses a gas loss measurement device and a gas loss measurement system, which are suitable for direct measurement of gas loss in different lithologies, different drilling models, and different core diameters;
  • the free space volume is calibrated by reference tanks, etc., and the shale coring process is simulated by the change of gas pressure in the free space around the core, and the loss of gas volume is obtained by means of gas compressibility, pressure reducing valves, etc.;
  • the invention patent with document number CN110735635B discloses a device for determining the loss of gas content in shale gas content testing, which determines the fitting parameters and the corrected time required to obtain the shale core according to the desorption data to calculate the loss of gas content.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a gas loss test device and method for simulating the rope coring process, which solves the technical problem that previous gas loss measurement devices cannot truly reproduce the changes in key element conditions during rope coring and lifting.
  • a gas loss test device for simulating the rope coring process characterized in that it includes:
  • a programmable thermostat to simulate temperature changes during rope coring
  • a simulated central pipe body used to construct a simulated environment filled with drilling fluid or clean water in the central pipe body;
  • a simulated coring barrel is used to drill and retain core samples, and a connecting rod and an elastic support body are arranged at the bottom thereof, wherein the connecting rod is used to simulate the actual hanging and lifting state of the coring barrel, and the elastic support body is used to support and fix the core sample in the simulated coring barrel;
  • a gas injection control and recovery device used for gas injection, pressurization and vacuuming in the simulated central tube
  • a liquid injection control and recovery device used for injecting water or simulating drilling fluid into the simulated central pipe body to construct a drilling fluid or clean water simulation environment in the simulated central pipe body, and for emptying and recovering the remaining liquid in the simulated central pipe body after the simulation is completed;
  • the drainage and gas collection meter is used to measure the drainage and gas collection of the gas-water mixed fluid discharged from the simulated central pipe body.
  • the simulated central tube body is provided with a sealing cover body, on which an air injection pipe hole and a liquid outlet pipe hole are respectively provided, the sealing cover body is connected to the connecting rod, and a liquid discharge pipe hole is provided at the bottom of the simulated central tube body.
  • the simulated coring barrel adopts a diamond water drill coring drill bit with certain inner and outer diameters.
  • the gas injection control and recovery device is connected to the gas injection valve via a first pipeline, and a high-precision gas mass flow meter is arranged on the first pipeline to measure the cumulative injection amount of gas in the simulated central tube body.
  • the drainage gas collection meter is connected to a program-controlled constant pressure valve via a second pipeline, and a first high-precision pressure gauge is arranged on the second pipeline to monitor the fluid pressure at the outlet end.
  • the drainage pipe hole is connected to the injection valve via a third pipeline, and a second high-precision pressure gauge is arranged on the third pipeline to monitor the change of the fluid pressure inside the simulated central tube body in real time.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for testing the gas loss during a simulated rope coring process, which is characterized by comprising:
  • a programmable temperature-controlled thermostat is provided for simulating temperature changes during rope coring; a simulated central tube body is provided for constructing a simulated environment filled with drilling fluid or clean water in the central tube body; a simulated coring barrel is provided for drilling and retaining core samples, and a connecting rod and an elastic support body are provided at the bottom thereof, wherein the connecting rod is used to simulate the actual hanging and lifting state of the coring barrel, and the elastic support body is used to support and fix the core sample in the simulated coring barrel; a gas injection control and recovery device is provided for gas injection, pressurization and vacuuming in the simulated central tube body; a liquid injection control and recovery device is provided for injecting water or simulating drilling fluid into the simulated central tube body to construct a simulated environment of drilling fluid or clean water in the central tube body, and for emptying and recovering the remaining liquid in the simulated central tube body after the simulation is completed; a water-draining and gas-collecting meter is provided for water-draining and gas-collecting metering
  • the method of selecting a large rock sample and drilling a core sample to carry out air tightness testing of the testing device includes:
  • a large rock sample is selected, a core sample is drilled from the large rock sample using a simulated coring barrel, the core sample is retained in the simulated coring barrel, and the simulated coring barrel is placed in a simulated central tube body;
  • liquid filling simulation environment before wireline coring is constructed to determine the total amount of methane gas in the core sample, including:
  • the test temperature of the program-controlled thermostat is set to the bottom hole temperature
  • the pressure level of the program-controlled constant pressure valve is set to the bottom hole pressure
  • the injection control and recovery device continue to inject simulated drilling fluid into the simulated central pipe body at a constant pressure higher than the bottom hole pressure
  • the cumulative discharge of methane gas is separated and measured by the drainage gas collection meter to determine the occurrence state of drilling coring in the simulated central pipe body when the core sample reaches the underground temperature and pressure conditions and the pipe body is filled with drilling fluid;
  • the simulated coring process of the coordinated change of the liquid phase pressure and temperature from the wellhead to the wellhead and the calculation of the loss volume and loss ratio of the core sample simulated to reach the wellhead include:
  • the core lifting time set the automatic drop path of the simulated lifting pressure from the bottom hole pressure to the wellhead pressure and the synchronous automatic drop path of the simulated temperature from the bottom hole temperature to the wellhead temperature;
  • the liquid outlet pressure level is adjusted according to the set simulated lifting pressure drop path, and the temperature level in the simulated central tube is adjusted according to the set synchronous temperature automatic drop path.
  • the dynamic changes of pressure and temperature conditions in the core barrel during the rope coring and lifting process are reproduced.
  • the total amount of methane gas separated and metered by the water drainage and gas collection meter changes over time, and the total amount of methane gas separated and metered by the water drainage and gas collection meter is recorded to calculate the simulated gas loss volume and gas loss ratio of the core sample reaching the wellhead.
  • the device has a simple structure and directly uses core samples drilled directly from large original blocks, which can restore the real drilling and coring process to a certain extent;
  • the program-controlled thermostat and program-controlled constant pressure valve are used to simulate the coordinated changes in the liquid pressure and temperature environment experienced by the core samples when they are lifted from the bottom of the well to the wellhead, which can truly reproduce the environmental conditions of the rope coring barrel filled with drilling fluid and the loss changes of the gas content of the core samples in the liquid filling environment as the liquid pressure and temperature decrease in coordination during the coring and lifting process.
  • the gas loss test device that simulates the rope coring process has a simple structure and reliable data acquisition.
  • the test device can more realistically reproduce the saturated water storage process of underground gas reservoirs and the liquid filling environment of the core samples during the coring and pulling process. It can reveal the changing law of the gas loss of the coring samples in the real liquid filling environment as the liquid pressure and temperature decrease in coordination, and realize the accurate measurement of the gas loss and gas loss ratio during the drilling coring and pulling process.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas loss test device for simulating a rope coring process according to the present invention.
  • connection or the like appears to indicate the connection relationship between components, the term should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • connection or the like appears to indicate the connection relationship between components, the term should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • a gas loss test device for simulating a rope coring process of the present invention includes: a programmable temperature-controlled thermostat 1, a simulated central tube 2, a simulated coring barrel 3, a gas injection control and recovery device 11, a water drainage and gas collection meter 12, and a liquid injection control and recovery device 13;
  • the programmable temperature-controlled thermostat 1 is used to test automatic control of the ambient temperature;
  • the simulated central tube 2 is used to construct a simulated environment filled with clean water or drilling fluid in the central tube;
  • the simulated coring barrel 3 adopts a diamond water drill coring drill bit with a certain inner and outer diameter, which is used to drill and retain a core sample 4;
  • the gas injection control and recovery device 11 is used to simulate the gas injection pressurization and vacuum extraction in the central tube 2, which belongs to the prior art and will not be described in detail;
  • the water drainage and gas collection meter 12 is used to perform water drainage and gas collection metering on the gas-water mixed fluid discharged from the simulated central
  • the simulated central tube body 2 is provided with a sealing cover body 5 to achieve the sealing of the internal space of the simulated central tube body 2; a connecting rod 6 is provided at the bottom of the simulated core barrel 3, and the connecting rod 6 is connected to the sealing cover body 5.
  • an elastic support body 7 is set at the bottom of the simulated central tube body 2 to support and fix the core sample 4 in the simulated core barrel 3; a drainage pipe hole 10 is set at the bottom of the simulated central tube body 2; and an air injection pipe hole 8 and a liquid outlet pipe hole 9 are respectively set on the sealing cover body 5.
  • the gas injection control and recovery device 11, the gas injection valve 14, and the gas injection pipe hole 8 on the sealing cover body 5 are connected in sequence through pipelines, and a high-precision gas mass flowmeter 15 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the gas injection control and recovery device 11 and the gas injection valve 14, and the high-precision gas mass flowmeter 15 is used to measure the cumulative injection amount of gas in the simulated central tube body 2.
  • the drainage gas collecting meter 12 is connected to the program-controlled constant pressure valve 17 through a first pipeline, and the program-controlled constant pressure valve 17 is used to automatically control the discharge pressure of the filling liquid phase; a first high-precision pressure gauge 18 is arranged on the first pipeline between the drainage gas collecting meter 12 and the program-controlled constant pressure valve 17, and the first high-precision pressure gauge 18 is used to monitor the fluid pressure at the outlet end; the program-controlled constant pressure valve 17, the liquid outlet valve 16, and the liquid outlet pipe hole 9 on the sealing cover body 5 are connected in sequence through pipelines.
  • the injection control and recovery device 13, the injection valve 20, and the drainage pipe hole 10 at the bottom of the simulated central tube body 2 are connected in sequence through a second pipeline;
  • the injection control and recovery device 13 is used to inject water or simulated drilling fluid into the simulated central tube body 2 to construct a drilling fluid or clean water simulation environment in the central tube body, and is used to empty and recover the remaining liquid in the simulated central tube body 2 after the simulation is completed;
  • a second high-precision pressure gauge 19 is arranged on the second pipeline between the drainage pipe hole 10 and the injection valve 20, and the second high-precision pressure gauge 19 is used to monitor the changes in the fluid pressure inside the simulated central tube body 2 in real time.
  • a method for testing gas content loss during simulated wireline coring of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:
  • this step specifically includes the following sub-steps:
  • S21 Select a large rock sample with a length, width and height greater than 15 cm, use a simulated coring barrel 3 to drill a core sample 4 on the large rock sample, and then leave the core sample 4 in the simulated coring barrel 3. Place the simulated coring barrel 3 in the simulated central tube 2.
  • the connecting rod 6 at the bottom of the simulated coring barrel 3 is connected to the sealing cover 5.
  • the core sample 4 in the suspended inverted simulated coring barrel 3 is in contact with the elastic support 7 at the bottom of the simulated central tube 2.
  • Use the sealing cover 5 to seal the simulated central tube 2 and connect the pipeline.
  • S22 Start the program-controlled thermostat 1, set the test temperature to the reservoir temperature T0 , close the liquid outlet valve 16 and the liquid injection valve 20, open the gas injection valve 14 and the gas injection control and recovery device 11, and set the gas injection control and recovery device 11 to a pressure higher than the reservoir pressure. Inject helium into the simulated central tube 2 at a pressure level of 1 to 2 MPa; close the gas injection valve 14 and the gas injection control and recovery device 11, let it stand for 12 to 24 hours, and check the air tightness of the test device.
  • this step specifically includes the following sub-steps:
  • C g is the total amount of methane gas in the core sample, in cm 3 .
  • S4 Simulate the coordinated change process of liquid phase pressure and temperature from coring to the wellhead, and calculate the loss volume and loss ratio of the core sample when it reaches the wellhead.
  • this step specifically includes the following sub-steps:
  • C gl is the gas loss volume of the core sample, unit: cm 3 ;
  • R gl is the gas loss ratio of the core sample.
  • the device has a simple structure and directly uses core samples drilled directly from large original blocks, which can restore the real drilling and coring process to a certain extent; through the program-controlled thermostat and program-controlled constant pressure valve to simulate the coordinated changes in the liquid pressure and temperature environment experienced by the core sample when it is lifted from the bottom of the drilling well to the wellhead, it can truly reproduce the environmental conditions of the rope coring barrel filled with drilling fluid and the loss change of the gas content of the core sample in the liquid filling environment as the liquid pressure and temperature decrease in coordination during the coring and lifting process.
  • the gas loss test device that simulates the rope coring process has a simple structure and reliable data acquisition.
  • the test device can more realistically reproduce the saturated water storage process of underground gas reservoirs and the liquid filling environment of the core samples during the coring and pulling process. It can reveal the changing law of the gas loss of the coring samples in the real liquid filling environment as the liquid pressure and temperature decrease in coordination, and realize the accurate measurement of the gas loss and gas loss ratio during the drilling coring and pulling process.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置及方法，属于石油工程领域，包括：用于模拟绳索取心过程中温度变化情况的程序控温恒温器、用于构建中心管体内钻井液或清水充满模拟环境的模拟中心管体、用于钻取并留置岩心样品的模拟取心筒、注气控制及回收器、注液控制及回收器，以及排水集气计量器。本发明的优点是：实现简单，可在一定程度上还原真实钻井取心过程；通过程序控温恒温器和程序控制定压阀来模拟岩心样品从钻井井底上提至井口所经历的液相压力和温度环境协同变化，可真实再现绳索取心筒内被钻井液充填的环境条件以及取心上提过程中岩心样品含气量在液相充填环境下随液相压力和温度协同下降的损失变化情况。

Description

一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于石油工程领域，涉及一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置及方法。
背景技术
含气量是非常规天然气勘探开发中确定资源量的一项关键参数，也是评价非常规天然气开发潜力的基础。由于相当部分非常规天然气以吸附气的形式存在，因此不能简单地通过测定有效孔隙体积来确定非常规天然气储量，而是要通过现场含气量实验来测试。根据GB/T19559-2008《煤层气含量测定装置》和SY/T6940-2013《页岩含气量测定装置》标准的规定，现场含气量由损失气量、解吸气量和残余气量三部分构成，其中解吸气量与残余气量均可通过实验直接测定，损失气量普遍采用美国矿业局(USBM)提出的直接法进行估算。损失气量是解吸法中误差较大的部分，损失气量的恢复计算一直是国内外学者研究的热点。
真实绳索取心上提过程中在到达井口之前岩心一直处于钻井液充填环境，受充填液相压力束缚作用，液体能够在一定程度上阻止气体从岩心逸散出来，岩心内赋存气体只有突破气态与多孔介质、岩心周围液相束缚等混合作用，才能从岩心逸散出来，进入管内充填液相中，在浮力作用下以小气泡形式聚并、上浮至井口损失；同时，从井底上提到井口的过程中，环境温度随压力同步下降，也会一定程度抑制岩心内气体的不断逸散。
文献号为CN105675434B的发明专利公开了一种含气量测量系统及测量装置，该装置基于温压回溯思想，用于测量样品的损失气及解吸气含量；授权公告号为CN10515811B的发明专利公开了一种利用大尺寸岩心测量高速注气过程中气体损失量的实验装置，能快速测定不同的岩芯在不同注气速率和不断变化的注气速率下的气体损失量，以及同一岩心在不同注采周期下的气体损失量；文献号为CN104863579B的发明专利公开了一种损失气量测定装置及损失气量测定系统，适用于不同岩性、不同钻井型号、不同岩芯直径的损失气量直接测量；文献号为CN104863579B的发明专利公开了一种页岩含气量中损失气含量的确定装置，该装置以获得的解吸时间的平方根作为横坐标和以获得的解吸气含气量作为纵坐标绘制解吸气含气量拟合曲线，该拟合曲线的纵坐标截距值为损失气含气量；文献号CN106370260B的发明专利公开了一种页岩含气量测试中损失气量的测量装置，该装置分别计算了起钻至岩心样品到达井口的过程以及岩心样品到达井口至密封容器的过程中的损失气量；文献号CN110927359B的发明专利公开了一种低渗透多孔介质取心过程中损失气含量实验测试装置及方法，该装置采用双罐配套水浴恒温系统，通过充气补偿、温度恢复，压力升至储层压力等手段平衡后，通过 参考槽等标定自由空间体积，通过岩心周围自由空间气体压力变化模拟页岩取心过程，利用气体压缩性、减压阀等手段实现损失气量求取；文献号CN110735635B的发明专利公开了一种页岩含气量测试中损失气含量的确定装置，该装置根据解吸数据确定拟合参数和修正后的获取页岩岩心所需的时间计算得到损失气含量。上述现有技术的显著缺点是：均无法真实还原钻井取心过程对岩心的破坏影响，也无法真实再现取心筒内的液相充填束缚作用环境以及取心上提过程中岩心样品损失气量在液相充填环境下随液相压力和温度协同下降的变化情况，难以实现钻井取心上提过程中损失气量以及损失气比例的准确测量，计算的损失气量偏大，可能误导勘探开发工作者对非常规天然气勘探开发潜力的判断。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足，提供一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置及方法，其解决以往损失气量测定装置无法真实再现绳索取心及上提过程中的关键要素条件变化的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置，其特征在于，包括：
程序控温恒温器，用于模拟绳索取心过程中的温度变化情况；
模拟中心管体，用于构建中心管体内钻井液或清水充满模拟环境；
模拟取心筒，用于钻取并留置岩心样品，其底部设置连接杆与弹性支撑体，其中，所述连接杆用于模拟实际的取心筒悬挂上提状态，所述弹性支撑体用于支撑固定模拟取心筒内的岩心样品；
注气控制及回收器，用于所述模拟中心管体内注气增压与抽真空；
注液控制及回收器，用于向所述模拟中心管体注水或模拟钻井液流体以构建所述模拟中心管体内钻井液或清水模拟环境，以及用于在模拟结束后对所述模拟中心管体中剩余液体的排空回收；
排水集气计量器，用于对所述模拟中心管体排出的气水混合流体进行排水集气计量。
进一步地，所述模拟中心管体设置密封盖体，在所述密封盖体上分别设置注气管孔、出液管孔，所述密封盖体与所述连接杆相连接，在所述模拟中心管体底部设置排液管孔。
进一步地，所述模拟取心筒采用内外径一定的金刚石水钻取心钻头。
进一步地，所述注气控制及回收器通过第一管线连接注气阀门，在所述第一管线上设置高精度气体质量流量计，用于计量所述模拟中心管体中的气体累计注入量。
进一步地，所述排水集气计量器通过第二管线连接程序控制定压阀，在所述第二管线上设置第一高精度压力计，用于监测出口端流体压力。
进一步地，所述排液管孔通过第三管线连接注液阀门，在所述第三管线上设置第二高精度压力计，用于实时监测所述模拟中心管体内部流体压力变化情况。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试方法，其特征在于，包括：
提供一程序控温恒温器，用于模拟绳索取心过程中的温度变化情况；一模拟中心管体，用于构建中心管体内钻井液或清水充满模拟环境；一模拟取心筒，用于钻取并留置岩心样品，其底部设置连接杆与弹性支撑体，其中，所述连接杆用于模拟实际的取心筒悬挂上提状态，所述弹性支撑体用于支撑固定模拟取心筒内的岩心样品；一注气控制及回收器，用于所述模拟中心管体内注气增压与抽真空；一注液控制及回收器，用于向所述模拟中心管体注水或模拟钻井液流体以构建中心管体内钻井液或清水模拟环境，以及用于在模拟结束后对所述模拟中心管体中剩余液体的排空回收；一排水集气计量器，用于对所述模拟中心管体排出的气水混合流体进行排水集气计量；
根据已有地质评价资料，确定储层压力、储层温度以及钻井取心井深、井底压力、井底温度以及取心上提时间；
选取大块岩样钻取岩心样品，开展测试装置的气密性检测；
构建绳索取心前的液相充填模拟环境，确定岩心样品的甲烷气体赋存总量；
模拟取心上提到井口的液相压力和温度协同变化过程，计算岩心样品模拟到达井口的损失气量和损失气比例。
进一步地，所述选取大块岩样钻取岩心样品，开展测试装置的气密性检测，包括：
选取大块岩样，采用模拟取心筒在所述大块岩样上钻取岩心样品后，将岩心样品留置在模拟取心筒中，将模拟取心筒置入模拟中心管体中；
开启所述程序控温恒温器，设定试验温度为储层温度水平，打开注气控制及回收器，以高于储层压力1～2MPa的压力水平向模拟中心管体中注入氦气，关闭注气控制及回收器，静置12～24h，检查测试装置的气密性。
进一步地，所述构建绳索取心前的液相充填模拟环境，确定岩心样品的甲烷气体赋存总量，包括：
打开注气控制及回收器，对测试装置持续抽真空6～12h；
通过注气控制及回收器以恒定压力向模拟中心管体中充入甲烷气体后，关闭注气控制及回收器，确定甲烷气体累计充入量及平衡后的系统压力；
启动注液控制及回收器以恒定低注入速率向模拟中心管体中注入模拟地层水，记录模拟中心管体中压力变化情况；
设定程序控温恒温器的试验温度为井底温度，设定程序控制定压阀的压力水平为井底压力，注液控制及回收器以高于井底压力的恒定压力向模拟中心管体中继续注入模拟钻井液，通过排水集气计量器分离计量甲烷气体累计排出量，确定模拟中心管体中岩心样品达到地下温度和压力条件、管体充满钻井液环境下的钻井取心赋存状态；
关闭排水集气计量器、注液控制及回收器，计算岩心样品的甲烷气体赋存总量。
进一步地，所述模拟取心上提到井口的液相压力和温度协同变化过程，计算岩心样品模拟到达井口的损失气量和损失气比例，包括：
根据岩心上提时间，设定模拟上提压力由井底压力到井口压力的自动下降路径以及模拟温度由井底温度到井口温度的同步自动下降路径；
根据设定的模拟上提压力下降路径调节出液压力水平，根据设定的同步温度自动下降路径调节模拟中心管体中的温度水平，再现绳索取心上提过程中取心筒中压力和温度条件的动态变化情况，通过排水集气计量器分离计量排出的甲烷气体总量随时间的变化情况，记录排水集气计量器分离计量排出的甲烷气体总量值，以计算岩心样品模拟到达井口的损失气量和损失气比例。
本发明的有益效果为：
第一，装置结构简单，直接采用大块原样上直接钻取的岩心样品，可在一定程度上还原真实钻井取心过程；通过程序控温恒温器和程序控制定压阀来模拟岩心样品从钻井井底上提至井口所经历的液相压力和温度环境协同变化，可真实再现绳索取心筒内被钻井液充填的环境条件以及取心上提过程中岩心样品含气量在液相充填环境下随液相压力和温度协同下降的损失变化情况。
第二，操作易于实施，模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置结构简单，数据采集可靠，测试装置可更为真实地再现地下气藏饱和水赋存过程以及取心上提过程中岩心样品所处的液相充填环境，可揭示真实液相充填环境下取心样品的损失气量随液相压力和温度协同下降的变化规律，实现钻井取心上提过程中损失气量以及损失气比例的准确测量。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是本发明的一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置的结构示意图。
附图中的符号说明：
1--程序控温恒温器；2--模拟中心管体；3--模拟取心筒；4--岩心样品；
5--密封盖体；6--连接杆；7--弹性支撑体；8--注气管孔；9--出液管孔；
10--排液管孔；11--注气控制及回收器；12--排水集气计量器；
13--注液控制及回收器；14--注气阀门；15--高精度气体质量流量计；
16--出液阀门；17--程控定压阀；18--第一高精度压力计；19--第二高精度压力计；
20--注液阀门。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步详细描述。
其中，附图仅用于示例性说明，表示的仅是示意图，而非实物图，不能理解为对本发明的限制；为了更好地说明本发明的实施例，附图某些部件会有省略--放大或缩小，并不代表实际产品的尺寸；对本领域技术人员来说，附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。
本发明附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件；在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，若出现术语“上”--“下”--“左”--“右”--“内”--“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位--以特定的方位构造和操作，因此附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本发明的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，若出现术语“连接”等指示部件之间的连接关系，该术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个部件内部的连通或两个部件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
根据本发明实施例的一方面，请参照图1，本发明的一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置，包括：程序控温恒温器1、模拟中心管体2、模拟取心筒3、注气控制及回收器11、排水集气计量器12、注液控制及回收器13；程序控温恒温器1用于测试环境温度自动控制；模拟中心管体2用于构建中心管体内被清水或钻井液充填的模拟环境；模拟取心筒3采用内外径一定的金刚石水钻取心钻头，用于钻取并留置岩心样品4；注气控制及回收器11用于模拟中心管体2内注气增压与抽真空，属于现有技术，不再详述；排水集气计量器12用于对模拟中心管体2排出的气水混合流体进行排水集气计量，属于现有技术，不再详述。
在本申请的一种实施例中，具体地，模拟中心管体2设置密封盖体5，实现模拟中心管体2的内部空间密封；模拟取心筒3底部设置连接杆6，连接杆6与密封盖体5相连接，用 于模拟实际的取心筒悬挂上提状态；模拟中心管体2的底部设置弹性支撑体7，用于支撑固定模拟取心筒3内的岩心样品4；模拟中心管体2底部设置排液管孔10；密封盖体5上分别设置注气管孔8、出液管孔9。
在本申请的一种实施例中，具体地，注气控制及回收器11、注气阀门14、密封盖体5上的注气管孔8依次通过管线相连，注气控制及回收器11与注气阀门14之间的连接管线上设置高精度气体质量流量计15，高精度气体质量流量计15用于计量模拟中心管体2中的气体累计注入量。
在本申请的一种实施例中，具体地，排水集气计量器12与程序控制定压阀17之间通过第一管线连接，程序控制定压阀17用于充填液相排出压力自动控制；排水集气计量器12与程序控制定压阀17之间的第一管线上设置第一高精度压力计18，第一高精度压力计18用于监测出口端流体压力；程序控制定压阀17、出液阀门16、密封盖体5上的出液管孔9依次通过管线相连。
在本申请的一种实施例中，具体地，注液控制及回收器13、注液阀门20、模拟中心管体2底部的排液管孔10依次通过第二管线相连；注液控制及回收器13用于向模拟中心管体2注水或模拟钻井液流体以构建中心管体内钻井液或清水模拟环境，以及用于模拟结束后模拟中心管体2中剩余液体的排空回收；排液管孔10与注液阀门20之间的第二管线上设置第二高精度压力计19，第二高精度压力计19用于实时监测模拟中心管体2内部流体压力变化情况。
根据本发明实施例的另一方面，本发明的一种模拟绳索取心过程中损失气含量测试方法，具体包括以下步骤：
S1：根据已有地质评价资料，确定储层压力P0、储层温度T0以及钻井取心井深H、井底压力Pw、井底温度Tw以及取心上提时间T。
S2：选取大块岩样钻取岩心样品，开展测试装置的气密性检测。作为具体的实施例，该步骤具体包括如下子步骤：
S21：选取长、宽、高均大于15cm的大块岩样，采用模拟取心筒3在所述大块岩样上钻取岩心样品4后，将岩心样品4留置在模拟取心筒3中，将模拟取心筒3置入模拟中心管体2中，模拟取心筒3底部的连接杆6与密封盖体5相连接，悬挂倒置的模拟取心筒3内的岩心样品4与模拟中心管体2底部的弹性支撑体7接触，采用密封盖体5密封模拟中心管体2，连接管线。
S22：开启程序控温恒温器1，设定试验温度为储层温度T0水平，关闭出液阀门16和注液阀门20，打开注气阀门14和注气控制及回收器11，注气控制及回收器11以高于储层压 力1～2MPa的压力水平向模拟中心管体2中注入氦气；关闭注气阀门14和注气控制及回收器11，静置12～24h，检查测试装置的气密性。
S3：构建绳索取心前的液相充填模拟环境，确定岩心样品的甲烷气体赋存总量。作为具体的实施例，该步骤具体包括如下子步骤：
S31：打开注气阀门14和注气控制及回收器11，注气控制及回收器11对测试装置持续抽真空6～12h。
S32：通过注气控制及回收器11，以恒定压力Pc向模拟中心管体2中充入甲烷气体后，关闭注气阀门14和注气控制及回收器11；待第二高精度压力计19示数稳定6～12h无变化后，记录高精度气体质量流量计15和第二高精度压力计19的示数值，确定甲烷气体累计充入量Cg1及平衡后的系统压力P1。
S33：打开注液阀门20，启动注液控制及回收器13以恒定低注入速率向模拟中心管体2中注入模拟地层水，通过第二高精度压力计19连续记录模拟中心管体2中压力变化情况，待第二高精度压力计19的示数达到储层压力P0后，注液控制及回收器13改为以恒定压力P0向模拟中心管体2中继续注入模拟地层水，直到第二高精度压力计19的示数值在12～24h内无明显变化。
S34：设定程序控温恒温器1的试验温度为井底温度Tw，设定程序控制定压阀17的压力水平为井底压力Pw，注液控制及回收器13改为以高于井底压力Pw的恒定压力向模拟中心管体2中继续注入模拟钻井液，打开出液阀门16，通过排水集气计量器12分离计量甲烷气体累计排出量Cg2，当计量的甲烷气体累计排出量Cg2值在3～6h内无明显变化时，认为此时模拟中心管体2中游离气已完全排出，模拟中心管体2中岩心样品4达到地下温度和压力条件、管体充满钻井液环境下的钻井取心赋存状态。
S35：关闭出液阀门16、注液阀门20、排水集气计量器12、注液控制及回收器13，直到第二高精度压力计19的示数值在12～24h内无明显变化，通过下式计算岩心样品4的甲烷气体赋存总量：
Cg＝Cg1-Cg2        (1)
式中：Cg为岩心样品的甲烷气体赋存总量，单位cm3。
S4：模拟取心上提到井口的液相压力和温度协同变化过程，计算岩心样品模拟到达井口的损失气量和损失气比例。作为具体的实施例，该步骤具体包括如下子步骤：
S41：根据岩心上提时间T，设定程序控制定压阀17的模拟上提压力由井底压力Pw到井口压力的自动下降路径以及程序控温恒温器1的模拟温度由井底温度Tw到井口温度的同步自动下降路径。
S42：打开出液阀门16，程序控制定压阀17自动根据设定的模拟上提压力下降路径调节出液管孔9的出液压力水平，程序控温恒温器1自动根据设定的同步温度自动下降路径调节模拟中心管体2中的温度水平，再现绳索取心上提过程中取心筒中压力和温度条件的动态变化情况，通过第一高精度压力计18记录出液口处的流体压力随时间的变化情况，通过第二高精度压力计19记录模拟中心管体2中的流体压力随时间的变化情况，通过排水集气计量器12分离计量排出的甲烷气体总量随时间的变化情况，直至程序控制定压阀17、程序控温恒温器1同步达到模拟井口压力和井口温度条件，记录排水集气计量器12分离计量排出的甲烷气体总量值Cg3。
S43：计算岩心样品模拟到达井口的损失气量和损失气比例：
Cgl＝Cg3-Cg2          (2)
式中：Cgl为岩心样品的损失气量，单位cm3；Rgl为岩心样品的损失气比例。
实验过程中通过改变岩心样品类型、注入水质、实验温度和压力自动下降路径等条件，可真实再现钻井取心过程、取心上提过程中岩心样品所处的液相充填环境以及中心管体内压力和温度条件协同变化情况，实现了真实液相充填封闭环境下取心样品含气量随上提压力和温度条件协同变化的损失气量准确表征，从而为含气量准确确定和气藏开发设计提供实验基础。
本发明的有益效果为：
第一，装置结构简单，直接采用大块原样上直接钻取的岩心样品，可在一定程度上还原真实钻井取心过程；通过程序控温恒温器和程序控制定压阀来模拟岩心样品从钻井井底上提至井口所经历的液相压力和温度环境协同变化，可真实再现绳索取心筒内被钻井液充填的环境条件以及取心上提过程中岩心样品含气量在液相充填环境下随液相压力和温度协同下降的损失变化情况。
第二，操作易于实施，模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置结构简单，数据采集可靠，测试装置可更为真实地再现地下气藏饱和水赋存过程以及取心上提过程中岩心样品所处的液相充填环境，可揭示真实液相充填环境下取心样品的损失气量随液相压力和温度协同下降的变化规律，实现钻井取心上提过程中损失气量以及损失气比例的准确测量。
上述说明示出并描述了本申请的若干优选实施例，但如前所述，应当理解本申请并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述申请构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改 动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本申请的精神和范围，则都应在本申请所附权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试方法，其特征在于，包括：
    提供一程序控温恒温模块，用于模拟绳索取心过程中的温度变化情况；一模拟中心管体，用于构建中心管体内钻井液或清水充满模拟环境；一模拟取心筒，用于钻取并留置岩心样品，模拟取心筒底部设置连接杆，连接杆与密封盖体相连接，用于模拟实际的取心筒悬挂上提状态；模拟中心管体的底部设置弹性支撑体，其中，所述连接杆用于模拟实际的取心筒悬挂上提状态，所述弹性支撑体用于支撑固定模拟取心筒内的岩心样品；一注气控制及回收模块，用于所述模拟中心管体内注气增压与抽真空；一注液控制及回收模块，用于向所述模拟中心管体注水或模拟钻井液流体以构建中心管体内钻井液或清水模拟环境，以及用于在模拟结束后对所述模拟中心管体中剩余液体的排空回收；一排水集气计量模块，用于对所述模拟中心管体排出的气水混合流体进行排水集气计量；
    根据已有地质评价资料，确定储层压力、储层温度以及钻井取心井深、井底压力、井底温度以及取心上提时间；
    选取大块岩样钻取岩心样品，开展测试装置的气密性检测；
    构建绳索取心前的液相充填模拟环境，确定岩心样品的甲烷气体赋存总量；
    模拟取心上提到井口的液相压力和温度协同变化过程，计算岩心样品模拟到达井口的损失气量和损失气比例；
    所述选取大块岩样钻取岩心样品，开展测试装置的气密性检测，包括：
    选取大块岩样，采用模拟取心筒在所述大块岩样上钻取岩心样品后，将岩心样品留置在模拟取心筒中，将模拟取心筒置入模拟中心管体中，模拟取心筒底部的连接杆与密封盖体相连接，悬挂倒置的模拟取心筒内的岩心样品与模拟中心管体底部的弹性支撑体接触，采用密封盖体密封模拟中心管体，连接管线；
    开启所述程序控温恒温模块，设定试验温度为储层温度水平，打开注气控制及回收模块，以高于储层压力1～2MPa的压力水平向模拟中心管体中注入氦气，关闭注气控制及回收模块，静置12～24h，检查测试装置的气密性；
    所述构建绳索取心前的液相充填模拟环境，确定岩心样品的甲烷气体赋存总量，包括：
    打开注气控制及回收模块，对测试装置持续抽真空6～12h；
    通过注气控制及回收模块以恒定压力向模拟中心管体中充入甲烷气体后，关闭注气控制及回收模块，待第二高精度压力计示数稳定6～12h无变化后，记录高精度气体质量流量计和第二高精度压力计的示数值，确定甲烷气体累计充入量Cg1及平衡后的系统压力；
    启动注液控制及回收模块以恒定低注入速率向模拟中心管体中注入模拟地层水，通过第 二高精度压力计连续记录模拟中心管体中压力变化情况，待第二高精度压力计的示数达到储层压力后，注液控制及回收模块改为以恒定压力向模拟中心管体中继续注入模拟地层水，直到第二高精度压力计的示数值在12～24h内无明显变化；
    设定程序控温恒温模块的试验温度为井底温度，设定程序控制定压阀的压力水平为井底压力，注液控制及回收模块以高于井底压力的恒定压力向模拟中心管体中继续注入模拟钻井液，通过排水集气计量模块分离计量甲烷气体累计排出量，当计量的甲烷气体累计排出量Cg2值在3～6h内无明显变化时，认为此时模拟中心管体中游离气已完全排出，确定模拟中心管体中岩心样品达到地下温度和压力条件、管体充满钻井液环境下的钻井取心赋存状态；
    关闭排水集气计量模块、注液控制及回收模块，直到第二高精度压力计的示数值在12～24h内无明显变化，通过下式计算岩心样品的甲烷气体赋存总量；
    Cg＝Cg1-Cg2  (1)
    式中：Cg为岩心样品的甲烷气体赋存总量，单位cm3；
    所述模拟取心上提到井口的液相压力和温度协同变化过程，计算岩心样品模拟到达井口的损失气量和损失气比例，包括：
    根据岩心上提时间，设定模拟上提压力由井底压力到井口压力的自动下降路径以及模拟温度由井底温度到井口温度的同步自动下降路径；
    根据设定的模拟上提压力下降路径调节出液压力水平，根据设定的同步温度自动下降路径调节模拟中心管体中的温度水平，再现绳索取心上提过程中取心筒中压力和温度条件的动态变化情况，通过第一高精度压力计记录出液口处的流体压力随时间的变化情况，通过第二高精度压力计记录模拟中心管体中的流体压力随时间的变化情况，通过排水集气计量模块分离计量排出的甲烷气体总量随时间的变化情况，直至程序控制定压阀、程序控温恒温模块同步达到模拟井口压力和井口温度条件，记录排水集气计量模块分离计量排出的甲烷气体总量值Cg3，按照下式计算岩心样品模拟到达井口的损失气量和损失气比例：
    Cgl＝Cg3-Cg2   (2)
    式中：Cgl为岩心样品的损失气量，单位cm3；Rgl为岩心样品的损失气比例。
  2. 一种根据权利要求1所述方法的模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置，其特征在于，所述模拟中心管体设置密封盖体，在所述密封盖体上分别设置注气管孔、出液管孔，所述密封盖体与所述连接杆相连接，在所述模拟中心管体底部设置排液管孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述模拟取心筒采用内外径一定的金刚石 水钻取心钻头。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述注气控制及回收模块通过第一管线连接注气阀门，在所述第一管线上设置高精度气体质量流量计，用于计量所述模拟中心管体中的气体累计注入量。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述排水集气计量模块通过第二管线连接程序控制定压阀，在所述第二管线上设置第一高精度压力计，用于监测出口端流体压力。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述排液管孔通过第三管线连接注液阀门，在所述第三管线上设置第二高精度压力计，用于实时监测所述模拟中心管体内部流体压力变化情况。
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CN115615869A (zh) * 2022-12-16 2023-01-17 中国石油大学(华东) 一种模拟绳索取心过程的损失气量测试装置及方法

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