WO2020019658A1 - 一种光组件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种光组件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020019658A1
WO2020019658A1 PCT/CN2018/123402 CN2018123402W WO2020019658A1 WO 2020019658 A1 WO2020019658 A1 WO 2020019658A1 CN 2018123402 W CN2018123402 W CN 2018123402W WO 2020019658 A1 WO2020019658 A1 WO 2020019658A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
laser
crystal
angle
component
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/123402
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
熊芬
李庭宇
周日凯
付永安
孙莉萍
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Wuhan Telecommunication Devices Co Ltd
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Wuhan Telecommunication Devices Co Ltd
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Priority to US17/263,059 priority Critical patent/US11714244B2/en
Publication of WO2020019658A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020019658A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4213—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical elements being polarisation selective optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4286—Optical modules with optical power monitoring

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of optical communication technology, and more particularly, relates to an optical component and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the light of the optical module is output by the laser, and the stability of the laser optical power is affected by many factors.
  • the heat of the laser itself, the ambient temperature and humidity, the working time of the laser, the change in the threshold current, and the heat dissipation of the optical module will all affect the stable output of the optical power of the laser.
  • the present invention provides a crystal and a method for manufacturing the same, the purpose of which is to use the birefringence effect of the crystal and the specific structure of the crystal to split the laser light, thereby solving the problem of splitting light with a splitting film.
  • the technical problem is that the stability of the method is poor and the optical device is prone to failure.
  • an optical component includes a crystal 1 and a laser component 2; the crystal 1 is disposed on the laser component 2; In order to generate laser light, the crystal 1 is used to split the laser light incident on the crystal 1 to generate a first light and a second light; wherein the first light is used for exiting the front light, and the second Light is used for backlight monitoring.
  • a method for manufacturing an optical component includes: setting a laser component on a preset reference surface, and configuring the laser component The direction of the emitted laser light; the crystal meeting the spectroscopic conditions is set at a preset position, so that the crystal separates the laser light incident from the incident surface of the crystal into a first light and a second light, wherein the first A light beam is emitted from the exit surface of the crystal, and the second light beam is emitted from the incident surface.
  • the optical module of the present invention adopts a crystal with a specific structure, and the laser beam will undergo birefringence to generate the first after passing through the incident surface of the crystal.
  • the light and the second light wherein the first light is emitted from the exit surface as the front light; the second light is emitted from the incident surface as the backlight.
  • the crystal of the invention can realize the laser beam splitting without adding a splitting film, and the stability of the splitting method is good.
  • the coating layer design, the film material procurement, the coating process, the coating inspection process, and the coating layer are reduced. Reliability testing and other processes reduce the risk of optical device failure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a propagation trajectory of a first ray and a second ray when the crystal in FIG. 1 is split;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another crystal provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a propagation trajectory of a first ray and a second ray when the crystal in FIG. 1 is split;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of still another optical component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing an optical module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment provides a crystal 1 including an incident surface 10 and an exit surface 13.
  • the crystal 1 is used for splitting laser light incident on the crystal 1 from the incident surface 10.
  • the first light ray 15 is emitted from the exit surface 13 and the second light 16 is emitted from the incident surface 10.
  • the first light 15 is used as the front light and can be used for data transmission
  • the second light 16 is used as the backlight to monitor the power of the laser.
  • the crystal 1 further includes a first reflective surface 11 and a second reflective surface 12.
  • the first reflective surface 11 is configured to reflect the first light ray 15 incident on the first reflective surface 11, so that the first light ray 15 is incident on
  • the exit surface 13 emits light from the exit surface 13.
  • the first reflecting surface 11 is used to reflect the second light 16 incident on the first reflecting surface 11 so that the second light 16 is incident on the second reflecting surface 12;
  • the second reflecting surface 12 is used to reflect the incident on the second reflection
  • the second light ray 16 of the surface 12 is reflected so that the second light ray 16 enters the incident surface 10 and exits from the incident surface 10.
  • the incident surface 10 has a preset first angle with respect to a preset reference surface
  • the first reflective surface 11 has a preset second angle with respect to the reference surface
  • the second reflective surface 12 has a preset angle with respect to the reference surface.
  • a third angle is set.
  • the optical axis 5 of the crystal has a predetermined fourth angle with respect to the normal of the incident surface 10.
  • the first angle, the second angle, the third angle, and the fourth angle make the laser light entering the crystal 1 through the incident surface 10 be refracted into a first light 15 and a first light.
  • Two rays of light 16, and the first rays of light 15 are totally reflected on the first reflecting surface 11 and exit through the exit surface 13; the second rays of light 16 are totally reflected on the first reflecting surface 11 and the second reflecting surface 12 and pass through the incident surface 10 shots.
  • the reference plane is determined by the direction of laser propagation, and can be a solid plane or a virtual plane.
  • the reference plane may be a horizontal plane based on the earth coordinate system, or a plane in other directions. It is sufficient to ensure that the direction of laser propagation is perpendicular to the reference plane.
  • the straight line OG is the interface normal of the incident surface 10, then the angle between the optical axis 5 and the straight line OG is ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 is the optical axis 5 of the crystal 1 with respect to the incident surface 10
  • the included angle of the normal of the, that is, the fourth angle is equal to ⁇ 1 .
  • the included angle between the incident surface 10 and the reference surface is ⁇ 1, that is, the first angle is equal to ⁇ 1.
  • the included angle between the first reflective surface 11 and the reference surface is ⁇ , that is, the second angle is equal to ⁇ .
  • the included angle between the second reflective surface 12 and the reference surface is ⁇ , that is, the third angle is equal to ⁇ .
  • the laser light generated by the laser is elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light, and polarized light whose vibration directions are perpendicular to each other can be separated.
  • the laser light emitted by the laser will separate o light and e light whose vibration directions are perpendicular to each other.
  • o-light is ordinary light, and o-light is propagated with ordinary refractive index, which satisfies the laws of refraction and reflection; e-light is propagated with extraordinary refractive index as e-light, and does not satisfy the laws of refraction and reflection.
  • a specific crystal 1 is used to cause birefringence of the laser light incident on the crystal 1 to separate o light and e light, so as to emit the o light as the front light for data transmission or other purposes.
  • the e-light is used as a backlight to monitor the optical power of the laser emitted by the laser in real time, and adaptively adjust the optical power according to the actual situation.
  • e-light may be emitted as front light for data transmission or other purposes
  • o-light may be used as a backlight to monitor the optical power of the laser light emitted by the laser in real time, and the optical power may be adaptively adjusted according to the actual situation. .
  • the first light 15 is e-light, that is, the e-light is emitted from the exit surface 13 as the front light;
  • the second light 16 is o-light, that is, the o-light is emitted from the incident surface 10 as the backlight.
  • the first light 15 is o light, that is, the o light is emitted from the exit surface 13 as the front light;
  • the second light 16 is e light, that is, the e light is emitted from the incident surface 10 as the backlight.
  • the crystal 1 shown in FIG. 1 is suitable for the first spectral method.
  • the first light 15 and the second light 16 have a wavelength of 850 nm
  • the first light 15 is e-light
  • the second light 16 is o-light
  • the crystal 1 is a YVO4 crystal
  • the first angle is 14 ° and the second angle It is 51.5 °
  • the third angle is 38.5 °
  • the fourth angle is 45 °.
  • the first light 15 and the second light 16 have a wavelength of 850 nm; the first light 15 is e-light, the first light 15 is o-light, and the crystal 1 is a LiNbO3 crystal, the first angle is 10 °, and the second angle is 47.2 °, the third angle is 42.8 °, and the fourth angle is 45 °.
  • the crystal 1 shown in FIG. 3 is suitable for the second spectroscopic method.
  • the first light 15 and the second light 16 are 850 nm
  • the first light 15 is o light
  • the second light 16 is e light
  • the crystal 1 is a YVO4 crystal
  • the first angle is 10 °
  • the second angle It is 40 °
  • the third angle is 50.7 °
  • the fourth angle is 45 °.
  • the first light 15 and the second light 16 have a wavelength of 850 nm
  • the first light 15 is o light
  • the second light 16 is e light
  • the crystal 1 is a LiNbO3 crystal
  • the first angle is 10 °
  • the second angle is 38.5.
  • the third angle is 51.3 °
  • the fourth angle is 45 °.
  • the aforementioned values are the results after rounding off, and at the same time, the angle values of crystal 1 of the various schemes listed above are the optimal results to ensure that the light is totally reflected on the reflecting surface.
  • the values of each angle may not be the same as those listed above, that is, there is a certain tolerance range.
  • the inventor has found through a large number of experiments that when the tolerances of the first angle, the second angle, the second angle, and the third angle are controlled at ⁇ 1 °, a good spectral effect can also be achieved.
  • the crystal 1 is mainly used in the field of optical communication.
  • the spectral window wavelengths of optical communication are mainly 850 nm, 1310 nm, and 1550 nm.
  • the foregoing example exemplifies the matching relationship between the material of crystal 1 and various angles when the laser wavelength is 850 nm.
  • the crystal 1 of a suitable material is selected according to the wavelength of the laser, and the first angle ⁇ 1 is designed.
  • the second angle ⁇ , the third angle ⁇ , and the fourth angle ⁇ 1 so as to realize the light splitting function.
  • the crystal provided in this embodiment can implement laser beam splitting without adding a beam splitting film to meet the requirements of different scenarios.
  • the transmit power of the laser can be adaptively adjusted according to the power of the backlight.
  • the spectroscopic method of the invention has good stability and can reduce the risk of failure of the optical device.
  • this embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a crystal.
  • the method for manufacturing a crystal is applicable to the crystal of any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the method for making the crystal includes the following steps:
  • Step 50 Fabricate the incident surface of the crystal.
  • the incident surface of the crystal is made according to actual needs.
  • Step 51 Fabricate an exit surface of the crystal, where the crystal is used to split the laser light incident on the crystal from the incident surface to generate a first light and a second light; the first light is emitted from the exit surface and the second light is incident Shoot out.
  • the exit surface of the crystal is made according to actual needs.
  • the crystal of this embodiment is used to split the laser light incident on the crystal from the incident surface to generate a first light and a second light; the first light is emitted from the exit surface, and the second light is emitted from the incident surface.
  • the crystal also includes a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface.
  • a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface of the crystal need to be produced.
  • the crystal is processed according to actual needs so that the optical axis of the crystal satisfies a preset direction.
  • the incident surface of the crystal made by the manufacturing method of this embodiment has a preset first angle with respect to a preset reference surface, the first reflecting surface has a preset second angle with respect to the reference surface, and the second reflecting surface has a pre-set angle with respect to the reference surface.
  • the third angle is set, and the optical axis of the crystal has a predetermined fourth angle with respect to the normal of the incident surface.
  • optical axis of the foregoing crystal satisfies a preset direction
  • optical axis of the crystal has a preset fourth angle with respect to the normal of the incident surface, the direction in which the optical axis of the crystal is located.
  • the first angle, the second angle, the third angle, and the fourth angle make the laser light entering the crystal through the incident surface be refracted into a first light and The second light, and the first light is totally reflected on the first reflecting surface and then exits through the exit surface; the second light is totally reflected on the first and second reflecting surfaces and exits through the incident surface.
  • a crystal of an appropriate material may be selected according to the required wavelength of the laser, and then the sizes of the first angle, the second angle, the third angle, and the fourth angle may be determined according to the material of the crystal and the wavelength of the laser. According to the first angle, the second angle, and the third angle, the incident surface, the first reflecting surface, and the second reflecting surface are produced, and the crystal is cut according to the fourth angle to ensure the clamp between the optical axis of the crystal and the interface normal to the incident surface. The angle is equal to the fourth angle.
  • the crystal of any of the above embodiments can be manufactured.
  • the structure example of the crystal please refer to
  • Embodiment 1 is not repeated here.
  • this embodiment provides an optical component.
  • the optical component includes a crystal 1 and a laser component 2.
  • the laser component 2 is used to generate a collimated laser beam.
  • the crystal 1 is used to split the laser light emitted by the laser component 2. .
  • the crystal of any of the above embodiments and the crystal produced by the manufacturing method of any of the above embodiments are applicable to the optical component of this embodiment.
  • the laser component 2 includes a laser 21 and a collimating lens 22.
  • the collimating lens 22 is disposed on the laser 21, the laser 21 is used to generate laser light of a preset wavelength, and the collimating lens 22 is used to integrate the laser light into a collimated laser beam , So that the laser module 2 generates a collimated laser beam.
  • the laser light generated by the laser 21 is elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light, and polarized light whose vibration directions are perpendicular to each other can be separated.
  • the laser 21 is a VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Laser, abbreviated as VCSEL) laser.
  • the VCSEL laser can be used to transmit data at a high speed in an optical fiber network, which can transmit a larger amount of data at a faster speed than a traditional cable system. .
  • the laser light emitted by this VCSEL laser will separate o light and e light with vibration directions perpendicular to each other.
  • o-light is ordinary light, and o-light is propagated with ordinary refractive index, which satisfies the laws of refraction and reflection; e-light is propagated with extraordinary refractive index as e-light, and does not satisfy the laws of refraction and reflection.
  • the light splitting function can be effectively implemented, so that a part of the light is emitted as the front light and the other part of the light is used as the backlight, thereby achieving The purpose of monitoring and adaptively adjusting the transmitting power of the laser 21.
  • a specific crystal 1 is used to make the laser light incident on the crystal 1 birefringent to separate o light and e light, so that the o light is emitted as front light for data transmission or other purposes, and e light is used as a backlight.
  • the optical power of the laser light emitted by the laser 21 is monitored in real time, and the optical power is adaptively adjusted according to the actual situation.
  • e-light may be emitted as front light for data transmission or other purposes, and o-light may be used as a backlight to monitor the optical power of the laser emitted by the laser 21 in real time, and the light may be adaptively adjusted according to the actual situation. power.
  • the crystal 1 includes an incident surface 10, a first reflective surface 11, a second reflective surface 12, and an exit surface 13.
  • the incident surface 10 is used to refract light transmitted to the incident surface 10.
  • the first reflective surface 11 and the first reflective surface 11 The two reflecting surfaces 12 are used for total reflection of light transmitted to the corresponding reflecting surface, and the exit surface 13 is used for emitting light for subsequent optical modules to receive and use.
  • a preset reference plane is introduced.
  • the laser beam emitted by the laser component 2 is perpendicular to the preset reference plane.
  • the reference plane is determined by the propagation direction of the laser beam.
  • the reference plane is only for the convenience of explanation and analysis of the spectroscopic principle of this embodiment. It can be a solid plane or a virtual plane.
  • the reference plane may be a horizontal plane based on the earth coordinate system, or a plane in other directions, and it is sufficient to ensure that the direction in which the laser beam propagates is perpendicular to the reference plane.
  • the incident surface 10 has a first angle relative to the reference surface
  • the first reflective surface 11 has a second angle relative to the reference surface
  • the second reflective surface 12 has a third angle relative to the reference surface
  • the optical axis 5 of the crystal 1 A fourth angle is relative to the normal to the incident surface 10.
  • the first angle, the second angle, the third angle, and the fourth angle cause the laser light entering the crystal 1 through the incident surface 10 to be refracted into a first light and a second light, and the first light occurs on the first reflecting surface 11.
  • the light is emitted through the exit surface 13 as front light
  • the second light is totally reflected on the first reflection surface 11 and the second reflection surface 12 and exits through the incidence surface 10 as the backlight.
  • the first light is used as the front light and the second light is used as the backlight.
  • the light component further includes a receiving component 3 and a monitoring component 4.
  • the receiving component 3 is disposed on the exit surface 13 side of the crystal 1, and the monitoring component 4 is disposed on the laser.
  • the same side of the module 2, that is, the monitoring module 4 is disposed on the incident surface 10 side of the crystal 1.
  • the receiving component 3 is configured to receive the first light.
  • the receiving component 3 includes a first condenser lens 31 and an optical fiber 32.
  • the first condenser lens 31 is configured to couple the first light into the optical fiber 32.
  • the monitoring component 4 is configured to receive the second light.
  • the monitoring component 4 includes a monitoring device 41 and a second condenser lens 42.
  • the first condenser lens 42 is disposed on the monitoring device 41.
  • the monitoring component 4 is specifically configured to adjust the transmission power of the laser component 2 according to the power of the received second light.
  • the monitoring component 4 determines the power of the received second light through analysis, and adjusts the transmission power of the laser 21 according to the feedback power.
  • the monitoring device 41 backlight detector can also be called a monitoring photodiode.
  • the optical module further includes a circuit board 6, and the laser 21 and the monitoring device 41 are correspondingly disposed on the circuit board 6.
  • the laser emitted by the laser 21 is perpendicular to the circuit board 6 after collimation.
  • the plane on which the circuit board 6 is located can be used as the reference plane.
  • the optical module may be suitable for multi-channel data transmission application scenarios.
  • the laser module 2 and the monitoring module 4 are distributed in a multi-channel array along the extending direction of the incident surface 10 of the crystal 1, and the laser module 2 It is used to generate multiple lasers; wherein each laser passes through the crystal 1 to generate a first light 15 and a second light 16 respectively.
  • the receiving component 3 is used to receive the first light 15 corresponding to the multiple lasers
  • the monitoring component 4 is used to The emission power of the corresponding branch laser of the laser component 2 is adjusted according to the received power of the second light 16 of each channel.
  • the laser component 2 includes a pair of lasers 21, and the monitoring component 4 includes a plurality of monitoring devices 41.
  • the monitoring devices 41 and the laser 21 correspond one-to-one to correspond to the emitted optical power of the monitoring laser 21.
  • the collimated laser beam emitted by the laser component 2 enters the crystal 1 through the O point, and uses the O point as the origin as the interface normal of the incident surface 10, and a parallel emerges from the vertex A of the crystal 1.
  • the included angle of the normal of the face 10, that is, the fourth angle is equal to ⁇ 1 .
  • the angle between the incident surface 10 and the straight line AG is ⁇ 1, and ⁇ 1 is the angle of the incident surface 10 relative to the reference surface, that is, the first angle is equal to ⁇ 1.
  • a straight line BL parallel to the reference plane emerges from the vertex B of the crystal 1.
  • the angle between the first reflecting surface 11 and the straight line BL is ⁇
  • ⁇ is the angle of the first reflecting surface 11 relative to the reference plane, that is, The second angle is equal to ⁇ .
  • a straight line UV parallel to the reference plane emerges from the vertex V of the crystal 1.
  • the angle between the second reflection plane 12 and the straight line UV is ⁇
  • ⁇ is the angle of the second reflection plane 12 relative to the reference plane, that is, The third angle is equal to ⁇ .
  • crystals of different materials can be selected, and the size of ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1 can be used to realize the spectral function through the crystal.
  • the crystal 1 is an anisotropic material, the optical axis 5 and the normal interface of the crystal 1 do not coincide, and the light entering from the outside will undergo birefringence, that is, one beam of light is refracted into two beams of refracted light. Now, one beam of refracted light is o light, and the other beam of refracted light is e light.
  • the refractive index of o light and e light is different in crystal 1.
  • the refraction of o light obeys the laws of refraction and reflection, while the refraction of e light obeys the following formula (1):
  • n o is the refractive index of o light in the crystal
  • n e is the refractive index of e light in the crystal
  • ⁇ 1 is the angle between the optical axis of the crystal and the normal of the incident surface
  • n is a medium other than the crystal.
  • ⁇ 1 is the angle of incidence of the laser light incident on the incident surface
  • ⁇ e is the angle of refraction when e light is refracted on the incident surface.
  • ⁇ incidence is the angle of incidence of e light with respect to the reflecting surface
  • ⁇ reflection is the angle of reflection of e light with respect to the reflecting surface
  • n o is the refractive index of o light in the crystal
  • n e is the refraction of e light in the crystal Rate
  • ⁇ is the angle between the normal of the reflecting surface and the optical axis
  • ⁇ is the angle between the reflecting surface and the optical axis.
  • Example 1 It can be known from Example 1 that when the crystal 1 can split the laser light, there are two kinds of spectroscopic methods, as follows:
  • the first light is e-light, that is, the e-light is coupled to the optical fiber 32 from the exit surface 13 as the front light
  • the second light is the o-light, that is, the o-light is refracted from the incidence surface 10 as the backlight and enters the monitoring component 4.
  • the first light is o light, that is, the o light is coupled to the optical fiber 32 from the exit surface 13 as the front light;
  • the second light is e light, that is, the e light is backlit from the incidence surface 10 and enters the monitoring component 4.
  • the collimated laser beam generated by the laser component 2 undergoes birefringence after passing through the incident surface 10 of the crystal 1, and separates e-light 15 (first light) and o-light 16 (second light).
  • the trajectory of e-light 15 (OF-FY) is derived as follows:
  • intersection point of the laser light and the incident surface 10 is the O point, and the O point is used as the origin as the normal line perpendicular to the incident surface 10;
  • the e-light 15 propagates in a straight line in the crystal 1 until total reflection occurs at F of the first reflecting surface 11 (the line OF intersects the line BL and the point C), and a point perpendicular to the first point is made at the point F as the origin.
  • the incident angle of the e-light 15 on the first reflection surface 11 is ⁇ 2 ; the e-light 15 is totally reflected on the first reflection surface 11, and the reflection angle is ⁇ 3 .
  • the straight line AG is perpendicular to the laser. It can be determined that the angle between the laser and the normal is equal to ⁇ OAG, that is, the incident angle of the laser on the incident surface 10 is ⁇ 1 .
  • ⁇ e is a refraction angle of e-light
  • ⁇ is an angle of the first reflecting surface 11 with respect to the reference surface
  • ⁇ 1 is an incident angle of the laser light on the incident surface 10 ( ⁇ 1 is an angle of the incident surface 10 with respect to the reference surface).
  • ⁇ 2 ⁇ TFO + ⁇ TOF, where ⁇ 2 is an angle between the optical axis 5 and a normal line of the first reflection surface 11.
  • ⁇ 2 ⁇ - ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 1 (4)
  • ⁇ is the angle of the first reflecting surface 11 with respect to the reference surface
  • ⁇ 1 is the incident angle of the laser light on the incident surface 10 ( ⁇ 1 is the angle of the incident surface 10 with respect to the reference surface)
  • ⁇ 1 is the optical axis of the crystal with respect to the incident The angle of the face's normal.
  • ⁇ 2 90 ° + ⁇ 1 - ⁇ - ⁇ 1 (5)
  • ⁇ is the angle of the first reflecting surface 11 with respect to the reference surface
  • ⁇ 1 is the incident angle of the laser light on the incident surface 10 ( ⁇ 1 is the angle of the incident surface 10 with respect to the reference surface)
  • ⁇ 1 is the optical axis of the crystal with respect to the incident The angle of the face's normal.
  • the size of the angle ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1 e may be such that the light 15 after the first reflecting surface 11 perpendicular to the outgoing surface 13.
  • the exit surface 13 is set to be perpendicular to the reference plane, and the e-light 15 is incident on the exit surface 13 perpendicularly, and then the refraction is emitted from the exit surface 13.
  • the straight line YP is the interface normal of the exit surface 13 and the exit surface 13 is perpendicular to the reference plane
  • the straight line YP is parallel to the reference plane, that is, YP // AG.
  • ⁇ XYP ⁇ OSG.
  • ⁇ OSG 180 ° - ⁇ SOG- ⁇ OGS
  • ⁇ SOG ⁇ 1
  • ⁇ OSG 90 ° + ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 1 .
  • a light refraction angle [theta] e 15 1 ', and finally a refraction angle [theta] in accordance with the' light-emitting direction of light can be determined e 15 with respect to the angular reference plane, to determine the location of the receiver assembly 3 is provided, Thereby, the e-light 15 is effectively coupled into the optical fiber 32 to realize a light output function.
  • the angle of the emission surface 13 relative to the reference surface may also be designed according to the actual situation, so that the e-light 15 is emitted perpendicularly to the emission surface 13, thereby reducing the coupling process difficulty.
  • the propagation trajectory (OH-HI-IQ) of o-light 16 is derived:
  • the refractive angle [theta] o 16 o the light incident surface 10 the [theta] o be the refractive index n o o light by the crystal 1 in 16 ,
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 of the laser light incident on the incident surface 10 and the refractive index n of the medium other than the crystal 1 are determined.
  • the o-light 16 propagates in the crystal 1 along a predetermined propagation trajectory, and the o-light 16 propagates to the H point of the first reflecting surface 11 to be totally reflected.
  • ⁇ KHL + ⁇ KLH ⁇ KDO + ⁇ KOD
  • the o-light 16 After the o-light 16 is reflected by the first reflecting surface 11, the o-light 16 reaches the second reflecting surface 12 along a predetermined propagation path, and intersects the second reflecting surface 12 at point I.
  • the o-light 16 After the o-light 16 is reflected by the second reflecting surface 12, the o-light 16 returns to the incident surface 10 along the preset propagation path, and intersects the Q point on the incident surface 10.
  • the reflected light of o light 16 reflected by the second reflecting surface 12 and the reflected light of the e light 15 on the first reflecting surface 11 intersect with the N point.
  • ⁇ 8 2 ⁇ + 2 ⁇ + ⁇ o -180 ° (8)
  • ⁇ , ⁇ , size ⁇ 1 and gamma] 1 angle may be such that o the light 16 after 10 refracting the incident surface emission, laser light emitted o light 16 and the laser assembly 2 emitted
  • the beam is parallel, that is, the o-light 16 is perpendicular to the reference plane and exits.
  • the receiving component 3 receives the e-light 15 as the front light
  • the monitoring component 4 receives the o-light 16 as the backlight, and adaptively adjusts the laser power of the laser component 2 according to the power of the received o-light 16, thereby ensuring the e-light. 15 power meets actual needs.
  • the collimated laser beam generated by the laser component 2 undergoes birefringence after passing through the incident surface 10 of the crystal 1, and separates o-light 15 (first light) and e-light 16 (second light).
  • the trajectory of light 15 (OF-FN) is derived as follows:
  • the incident angle of the o-light 15 on the first reflecting surface 11 is ⁇ 2 , and the o-light 15 is totally reflected on the first reflecting surface 11 with a reflection angle of ⁇ 3 ; the o-light 15 is reflected from the exit surface 13 as the front Light comes out.
  • the straight line AG is perpendicular to the laser. It can be determined that the angle between the laser and the normal is equal to ⁇ OAG, that is, the incident angle of the laser on the incident surface 10 is ⁇ 1 .
  • ⁇ o is the refraction angle of o light
  • ⁇ is the angle of the first reflecting surface 11 with respect to the reference surface
  • ⁇ 1 is the incident angle of the laser light on the incident surface 10 ( ⁇ 1 is the angle of the incident surface 10 relative to the reference surface).
  • the o-light 15 can be perpendicularly incident on the exit surface 13 after being reflected by the first reflecting surface 11, so as to ensure that the o-light 15 exits perpendicularly from the exit surface 13.
  • the following uses the emission of o light 15 as a vertical exit surface 13 as an example to explain the deduction and analysis of the propagation trajectory (OH-HI-IQ) of e light 16.
  • the laser light is refracted by the incident surface 10 of the crystal 1 to generate e-light 16, and the refraction angle of the e-light 16 is ⁇ e (relative to the interface normal OG of the incident surface 10).
  • the e-light 16 intersects with the first reflecting surface 11 and H point, where OH and BE intersect and K point;
  • ⁇ e is the refraction angle of e-light 16
  • ⁇ is the angle of the first reflecting surface 11 with respect to the reference surface
  • ⁇ 1 is the incident angle of the laser light on the incident surface 10 ( ⁇ 1 is the angle of the incident surface 10 relative to the reference surface).
  • the e-light 16 is reflected by the first reflecting surface 11 and propagates along a predetermined propagation path, intersects the second reflecting surface 12 and points I, and uses the point I as the origin as the normal of the second reflecting surface 12 ,
  • the normal line intersects with the straight line where HL (the interface normal of the first reflecting surface 11) is at point J, the normal line intersects with BE and the point W; let the incident angle of e light 16 on the second reflecting surface 12 be ⁇ 6 , the reflection angle of the e light 16 on the second reflection surface 12 is ⁇ 7 ;
  • ⁇ , ⁇ , size ⁇ 1 and gamma] 1 angle may cause the e-light 16 after 10 refracting the incident surface emission, laser light outgoing e-light 16 and the laser assembly 2 emitted
  • the beam is parallel, that is, the e-light 16 exits perpendicular to the reference plane.
  • FN // BL that is, FN is parallel to the reference direction
  • the o-light 15 reflected by the first reflection surface 11 of the crystal 1 is emitted in a direction parallel to the reference surface Since the exit surface 13 is perpendicular to the reference surface, the o-light 15 is emitted in a direction perpendicular to the exit surface 13.
  • the above-mentioned values are the results after rounding off, and at the same time, the angle values of crystal 1 of the above-mentioned various schemes are the optimal results, to ensure that the light is completely emitted on the reflecting surface. Reflection in order to achieve the full use of light energy, but in the actual production process, due to process errors or other factors, the values of each angle may not be the same as those listed above, that is, there is a certain tolerance range .
  • the inventor has found through a large number of experiments that when the tolerances of the first angle, the second angle, the third angle, and the fourth angle are controlled at ⁇ 1 °, although a small amount of light is refracted, the same can be achieved effect.
  • the structures of the two spectroscopic methods of the crystal 1 provided in this embodiment are different. Specifically, the processing requirements of the crystal 1 corresponding to the spectroscopic method 1 are relatively low, and the crystal 1 corresponding to the spectroscopic method 2 is relatively low. The size is smaller. In actual use, you can choose according to the actual situation.
  • this embodiment is described by using a laser wavelength of 850 nm.
  • a laser with a wavelength of 1310 nm or 1550 nm is also applicable to the spectroscopic method of this embodiment.
  • ⁇ (18) Calculate and set the angle of each face of crystal 1 correspondingly.
  • the present invention adopts a crystal with a specific structure. After collimation, the laser beam passes through the incident surface of the crystal and undergoes birefringence to generate a first light and a second light. The first light occurs on the first reflecting surface. After the total reflection, the light is emitted through the exit surface as the front light; the second light is emitted through the incident surface after the first reflection surface and the second reflection surface are totally reflected, as the backlight.
  • the invention can realize the laser light splitting without adding a light splitting film to realize the function of backlight monitoring and adaptively adjust the laser power.
  • the spectroscopic method of the invention has good stability and reduces the risk of failure of the optical device.
  • this embodiment provides a method for manufacturing an optical component.
  • the method for manufacturing an optical component is applicable to the optical component of any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the manufacturing method of the optical module includes the following steps:
  • Step 90 Set the laser component on a preset reference surface, and configure the direction of the laser emitted by the laser component.
  • the optical component includes a crystal and a laser component.
  • the crystal of any of the foregoing embodiments can be used to prepare the optical component of this embodiment, and an appropriate crystal can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the laser component includes a laser and a collimating lens.
  • the collimating lens is disposed on the laser.
  • the laser is used to generate laser light of a preset wavelength
  • the collimating lens is used to integrate the laser light into a collimated laser beam. Generate a collimated laser beam.
  • the reference plane is only for the convenience of describing the position of the crystal in this embodiment, and may be a solid plane or a virtual plane.
  • the reference plane can be a horizontal plane based on the earth coordinate system, or a plane in another direction, or the preset reference plane can be a circuit board or other platform, ensuring that the direction of laser beam propagation is perpendicular to the reference plane.
  • the preset reference plane can be a circuit board or other platform, ensuring that the direction of laser beam propagation is perpendicular to the reference plane.
  • the reference plane is used as an example for illustration.
  • a laser is set on a circuit board, and a collimating lens is set on the laser.
  • the laser light emitted by the laser is generally elliptically polarized light or circularly polarized light.
  • the laser light emitted by the laser is collimated through a collimating lens, so that the laser light The laser emitted by the component is perpendicular to the reference plane.
  • the laser light emitted by the laser component is a parallel beam
  • the height of the crystal relative to the circuit board can be reduced, thereby reducing the package size of the optical component.
  • Step 91 Set the crystal that meets the spectroscopic conditions at a preset position, so that the crystal is divided into a first light and a second light from a laser incident from the incident surface, wherein the first light is emitted from the exit surface and the second light is emitted from Exit from the incident surface.
  • the anisotropic material of the crystal, the optical axis of the crystal and the interface normal of the crystal do not coincide, and the light entering from the outside will undergo birefringence, that is, one beam of light is refracted into two beams of refracted light.
  • the crystal includes an incidence surface, an emission surface, a first reflection surface, and an emission surface.
  • the wavelength of the laser light emitted by the laser component is determined according to an actual application scenario.
  • the wavelength of the laser light may be 850 nm, 1310 nm, or 1550 nm.
  • the material of the crystal is selected based on the wavelength of the laser light emitted from the laser component, and the material of the crystal may be a LiNbO3 crystal, a YVO4 crystal, or the like.
  • the wavelength of the laser emitted by the laser component and the material of the crystal can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the angles of the incident surface, the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface with respect to the reference surface, and the optical axis of the crystal with respect to the incident are set according to the material of the crystal and the wavelength of the laser.
  • the angle of the normal of the surface so that the laser light incident from the incident surface is divided into a first light and a second light, and the first light is totally reflected on the first reflecting surface and then exits through the exit surface; the second light is reflected on the first reflection After the total reflection occurs on the surface and the second reflection surface, the light is emitted through the incident surface.
  • the receiving component is disposed on the light emitting surface side of the crystal, wherein the receiving component includes a condenser lens and an optical fiber, and the condenser lens condenses the first light and couples the first light to the optical fiber to realize data transmission.
  • a monitoring component may be provided on the circuit board, wherein the monitoring component includes a monitoring device and a condenser lens, and the condenser lens is used to carry the second light. After the light is collected, it is transmitted to the monitoring device. The monitoring device is used to monitor the power of the second light in real time, and adjusts the current in real time according to the monitoring result to adjust the emission power of the laser component, and then realizes the function of backlight monitoring to ensure the first light. Full power is required.
  • the energy ratios corresponding to the first light and the second light are also different. Since the first light is emitted as the front light, there is a higher requirement for power, and the second light is used as the backlight. The requirements are low in order to ensure that light energy is fully utilized.
  • the type of the first ray and the type of the second ray are determined based on the polarization state of the laser light emitted by the laser component, wherein the energy of the first ray is greater than the energy of the second ray.
  • the material of the crystal is selected based on the wavelength of the laser light emitted from the laser component.
  • the incident surface, the first reflecting surface, and the first reflecting surface are set according to the type of the first light, the type of the second light, the material of the crystal, and the wavelength of the laser.
  • the angle of the second reflecting surface with respect to the reference surface and the angle of the optical axis of the crystal with respect to the normal of the incident surface so that the laser light incident from the incident surface is divided into first and second rays, and the first light is on the first reflecting surface After the total reflection occurs on the surface, the light is emitted through the exit surface; after the second light is completely reflected on the first and second reflection surfaces, the second light is emitted through the incident surface.
  • the optical component of any of the foregoing embodiments can be manufactured.
  • the present invention adopts a crystal with a specific structure. After collimation, the laser beam passes through the incident surface of the crystal and undergoes birefringence to generate a first light and a second light. The first light occurs on the first reflecting surface. After the total reflection, the light is emitted through the exit surface as the front light; the second light is emitted through the incident surface after the first reflection surface and the second reflection surface are totally reflected, as the backlight.
  • the invention can realize the laser light splitting without adding a light splitting film to realize the function of backlight monitoring and adaptively adjust the laser power.
  • the spectroscopic method of the present invention has good stability, and at the same time reduces processes such as film design, film procurement, coating process, film inspection process, and film reliability test of the spectroscopic coating, reducing the risk of optical device failure. .

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Abstract

一种光组件及其制造方法，光组件包括激光组件(2)和晶体(1)；晶体(1)设置在激光组件(2)上；激光组件(2)用于产生激光，晶体(1)用于对入射到晶体(1)上的激光进行分光，以产生第一光线(15)和第二光线(16)；其中，第一光线(15)用于前光出射，第二光线(16)用于背光监控。光组件无需增加分光膜即可实现对激光进行分光，以实现背光监控的功能，且分光方法的稳定性良好，减小了光器件失效的风险。

Description

一种光组件及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明属于光通信技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种光组件及其制造方法。
背景技术
近些年来，全球云服务市场持续走高，受益于网络通讯和数据通讯需求，在电信市场和数据中心市场的双动力驱动下，光纤通信行业得到迅速发展，高速光模块的需求量也在逐步增长。
实际应用中，光模块的光是由激光器输出的，激光器光功率的稳定性受到很多因素的影响。例如，激光器本身的发热、环境温湿度、激光器的工作时长、阈值电流的变化、光模块的散热等，均会影响到激光器光功率的稳定输出，因此需要在光模块中引入带背光监控功能的光器件，实现激光器光功率的实时监控。
目前，带背光监控功能的光器件，大都采用镀分光膜的方法进行分光。但是随着温度及其他环境变化，光源的偏振特性会发生改变，分光膜的膜层对此比较敏感，因此采用分光膜进行分光的方式稳定性较差，且镀分光膜的膜层设计、膜料采购、镀膜工艺过程、膜层检验过程、膜层可靠性测试等流程，增加了光器件失效的风险。
发明内容
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求，本发明提供了一种晶体及其制作方法，其目的在于利用晶体的双折射效应以及晶体特定的结构对激光进行分光，由此解决采用分光膜进行分光的方式稳定性差，光器件容易失效的风险的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，按照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种光组件，所述光组件包括晶体1和激光组件2；所述晶体1设置在所述激光组件2上；所述激光组件2用于产生激光，所述晶体1用于对入射到所述晶体1上的激光进行分光，以产生第一光线和第二光线；其中，所述第一光线用于前光出射，所述第二光线用于背光监控。
为实现上述目的，按照本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种光组件的制造方法，所述光组件的制造方法包括：设置激光组件于预设的参考面上，并配置所述激光组件所发射的激光的方向；将满足分光条件的晶体设置在预设的位置上，以使所述晶体将从所述晶体的入射面入射的激光分成第一光线和第二光线，其中，所述第一光线从所述晶体的出射面出射，所述第二光线从所述入射面出射。
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：本发明的光组件采用特定结构的晶体，激光通过晶体的入射面后会发生双折射生成第一光线和第二光线，其中，第一光线从出射面出射，以作为前光；第二光线从入射面出射，以作为背光。本发明的晶体无需增加分光膜即可实现对激光进行分光，且分光方法的稳定性良好，同时减少了镀分光膜的膜层设计、膜料采购、镀膜工艺过程、膜层检验过程、膜层可靠性测试等流程，减小了光器件失效的风险。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中 所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种晶体的结构示意图；
图2是图1中的晶体分光时第一光线和第二光线的传播轨迹示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的另一种晶体的结构示意图；
图4是图1中的晶体分光时第一光线和第二光线的传播轨迹示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的一种晶体的制作方法的流程示意图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的一种光组件的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的另一种光组件的结构示意图；
图8是本发明实施例提供的又一种光组件的结构示意图；
图9是本发明实施例提供的一种光组件的制造方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
实施例1：
请一并参阅图1～图4，本实施例提供一种晶体1，该晶体1包括入射面10和出射面13，该晶体1用于对从入射面10射入晶体1上的激光进行分光，以产生第一光线15和第二光线16。其中，第一光线15从出射面13出射，第二光线16从入射面10出射。在实际应用场景中，第一光线15作为前光，可用于数据传输，第二光线16作为背光可用于监控激光的功率。
进一步地，晶体1还包括第一反射面11和第二反射面12，第一反射面11用于对入射至第一反射面11的第一光线15进行反射，以使第一光线15入射至出射面13后从出射面13出射。第一反射面11用于对入射至第一反射面11的第二光线16进行反射，以使第二光线16入射至第二反射面12；第二反射面12用于对入射至第二反射面12的第二光线16进行反射，以使第二光线16入射至入射面10后从入射面10出射。
具体而言，入射面10相对于预设的参考面具有预设的第一角度，第一反射面11相对于参考面具有预设的第二角度，第二反射面12相对于参考面具有预设的第三角度，晶体的光轴5相对于入射面10的法线具有预设的第四角度。
在激光垂直于参考面从入射面10射入晶体1时，第一角度、第二角度、第三角度以及第四角度使得通过入射面10进入晶体1的激光被折射成第一光线15和第二光线16，且第一光线15在第一反射面11上发生全反射后通过出射面13出射；第二光线16在第一反射面11和第二反射面12上发生全反射后通过入射面10出射。
可以理解，该参考面由激光传播的方向而定的，可以是一实体的平面，也可以为一虚拟的平面。例如，参考面可以为以地球坐标系为基准的水平面，也可以为其他方向的平面，保证激光传播的方向与该参考面垂直即可。
如图2和图4所示，直线OG为入射面10的界面法线，则光轴5与直线OG之间的夹角为γ 1，γ 1 即晶体1的光轴5相对于入射面10的法线的夹角，即第四角度等于γ 1。入射面10和参考面之间的夹角为θ1，即第一角度等于θ1。第一反射面11和参考面之间的夹角为α，即第二角度等于α。第二反射面12和参考面之间的夹角为β，即第三角度等于β。
在实际应用场景中，激光器产生的激光为椭圆偏振光或圆偏振光，可以分离出振动方向相互垂直的偏振光。激光器发出的激光在发生双折射时会分离出振动方向相互垂直的o光和e光。其中，o光为寻常光，o光是以寻常折射率传播的，满足折射定律和反射定律；e光是以非寻常折射率传播的为e光，不满足折射定律和反射定律。
在本实施例中，采用特定的晶体1使得入射到该晶体1的激光发生双折射，以分离出o光和e光，从而将o光作为前光出射，以用于数据传输或其他用途，e光作为背光实时监测激光器所发出的激光的光功率，并依据实际情况自适应调整光功率。可选地，本实施例也可将e光作为前光出射，以用于数据传输或其他用途，o光作为背光实时监测激光器所发出的激光的光功率，并依据实际情况自适应调整光功率。
可以理解为，晶体1在对激光进行分光时，存在两种分光方式，具体如下：
分光方式一：第一光线15为e光，即e光作为前光从出射面13出射；第二光线16为o光，即o光作为背光从入射面10出射。
分光方式二：第一光线15为o光，即o光作为前光从出射面13出射；第二光线16为e光，即e光作为背光从入射面10出射。
具体而言，图1所示的晶体1适用于分光方式一。例如，当第一光线15和第二光线16的波长为850nm，第一光线15为e光，第二光线16为o光，晶体1为YVO4晶体时，第一角度为14°，第二角度为51.5°，第三角度为38.5°，第四角度为45°。当第一光线15和第二光线16的波长为850nm；第一光线15为e光，第一光线15为o光，晶体1为LiNbO3晶体时，第一角度为10°，第二角度为47.2°，第三角度为42.8°，第四角度为45°。
图3所示的晶体1适用于分光方式二。例如，当第一光线15和第二光线16的波长为850nm，第一光线15为o光，第二光线16为e光，晶体1为YVO4晶体时，第一角度为10°，第二角度为40°，第三角度为50.7°，第四角度为45°。当第一光线15和第二光线16的波长为850nm，第一光线15为o光，第二光线16为e光，晶体1为LiNbO3晶体时，第一角度为10°，第二角度为38.5°，第三角度为51.3°，第四角度为45°。
关于晶体1基于分光方式一和分光方式二进行分光的原理以及实现过程请详见后续说明。
在此，需要强调的是，前述的数值均是四舍五入之后的结果，同时前述所列举的各种方案的晶体1的各角度值均是最优的结果，保证光线在反射面上发生全反射，以期达到充分利用光能量的作用，但是在实际生产制造的过程中，由于工艺的误差或其他因素的考量，各角度的值可能与前述列举的并不相同，即存在一定的容差范围。发明人经过大量的实验发现当第一角度、第二角度、第二角度以及第三角度的容差控制在±1°时，同样能够达到较好的分光效果。
在实际应用场景中，该晶体1主要应用于光通信领域，目前光通信的光谱窗口波长主要为850nm、1310nm以及1550nm。前述例举了激光波长为850nm时，晶体1的材料与各角度之间的匹配关系，当波长为1310nm或1550nm或其他数值，依据激光的波长选择合适材料的晶体1，并设计第一角度θ1、第二角度α、第三角度β以及第四角度γ 1的大小，从而实现分光的功能。
区别于现有技术，本实施例提供的晶体无需增加分光膜即可实现对激光进行分光，以适应不同场景的需求。例如，在需要实现背光监控的功能时，可以依据背光的功率自适应调节激光器的发射功率。本发明的分光方法的稳定性良好，能够减小了光器件失效的风险。
实施例2：
参阅图5，本实施例提供一种晶体的制作方法，该晶体的制作方法适用于上述任一实施例的晶体。该晶体的制作方法包括如下步骤：
步骤50：制作晶体的入射面。
在本实施例中，依据实际需求制作晶体的入射面。
步骤51：制作晶体的出射面，其中，晶体用于对从入射面射入晶体上的激光进行分光，以产生第一光线和第二光线；第一光线从出射面出射，第二光线从入射面出射。
在本实施例中，依据实际需求制作晶体的出射面。本实施例的晶体用于对从入射面射入晶体上的激光进行分光，以产生第一光线和第二光线；第一光线从出射面出射，第二光线从入射面出射。
具体而言，晶体还包括第一反射面和第二反射面，在实际制作过程中，还需制作晶体的第一反射面和第二反射面。并依据实际需求加工晶体，以使晶体的光轴满足预设的方向。
由本实施例的制作方法制作的晶体的入射面相对于预设的参考面具有预设的第一角度，第一反射面相对于参考面具有预设的第二角度，第二反射面相对于参考面具有预设的第三角度，晶体的光轴相对于入射面的法线具有预设的第四角度。
在此，需要说明的是，前述晶体的光轴满足预设的方向可以理解为晶体的光轴相对于入射面的法线具有预设的第四角度时，晶体的光轴所处的方向。
在实际应用场景中，在激光垂直于参考面从入射面射入晶体时，第一角度、第二角度、第三角度以及第四角度使得通过入射面进入晶体的激光被折射成第一光线和第二光线，且第一光线在第一反射面上发生全反射后通过出射面出射；第二光线在第一反射面和第二反射面上发生全反射后通过入射面出射。
具体而言，可以依据所需要的激光的波长选择合适材料的晶体，然后依据晶体的材料以及激光的波长确定第一角度、第二角度、第三角度以及第四角度的大小。再依据第一角度、第二角度以及第三角度制作入射面、第一反射面以及第二反射面，并依据第四角度切割晶体，以保证晶体的光轴与入射面的界面法线的夹角等于第四角度。
关于采用本实施例的制作方法可以制作出上述任一实施例的晶体，关于晶体的结构实例请详见
实施例1，在此不再赘述。
实施例3：
参阅图6，本实施例提供一种光组件，该光组件包括晶体1和激光组件2，激光组件2用于产生准直的激光束，晶体1用于对激光组件2所发出的激光进行分光。上述任一实施例的晶体以及由上述任一实施例的制作方法制作的晶体均适用于本实施例的光组件。
其中，激光组件2包括激光器21和准直透镜22，准直透镜22设置在激光器21上，激光器21用于产生预设波长的激光，准直透镜22用于将激光整合为准直的激光束，进而使得激光组件2产生准直的激光束。
其中，激光器21产生的激光为椭圆偏振光或圆偏振光，可以分离出振动方向相互垂直的偏振光。例如，激光器21为VCSEL(Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser，简写为VCSEL)激光器， 该VCSEL激光器可以用在光纤网络中高速传输数据，其相比传统电缆系统可以以更快的速度传输更大的数据量。该VCSEL激光器发出的激光在发生双折射时会分离出振动方向相互垂直的o光和e光。其中，o光为寻常光，o光是以寻常折射率传播的，满足折射定律和反射定律；e光是以非寻常折射率传播的为e光，不满足折射定律和反射定律。
在本实施例中，通过合理设计晶体1的结构，并预设激光在入射面10的入射角度，可以有效实现分光的功能，以将一部分光线作为前光出射，另一部分光线作为背光，从而达到监控并自适应调整激光器21发射功率的目的。例如，采用特定的晶体1使得入射到该晶体1的激光发生双折射，以分离出o光和e光，从而将o光作为前光出射，以用于数据传输或其他用途，e光作为背光实时监测激光器21所发出的激光的光功率，并依据实际情况自适应调整光功率。可选地，本实施例也可将e光作为前光出射，以用于数据传输或其他用途，o光作为背光实时监测激光器21所发出的激光的光功率，并依据实际情况自适应调整光功率。
其中，晶体1包括入射面10、第一反射面11、第二反射面12以及出射面13，其中，入射面10用于对传播至入射面10的光线进行折射，第一反射面11和第二反射面12用于对传播至对应的反射面的光线进行全反射，出射面13用于将光线射出以供后续光模块接收并使用。
为便于清楚说明本实施例的晶体1对激光进行分光的原理以及过程，现引入一预设的参考面，其中，激光组件2所发出的激光束垂直于预设的参考面。可以理解，该参考面由激光束传播的方向而定的，该参考面仅是为了便于说明并分析本实施例的分光原理，可以是一实体的平面，也可以为一虚拟的平面。例如，参考面可以为以地球坐标系为基准的水平面，也可以为其他方向的平面，保证激光束传播的方向与该参考面垂直即可。
具体而言，入射面10相对于参考面具有第一角度，第一反射面11相对于参考面具有第二角度，第二反射面12相对于参考面具有第三角度；晶体1的光轴5相对于入射面10的法线具有第四角度。其中，第一角度、第二角度、第三角度以及第四角度使得通过入射面10进入晶体1的激光被折射成第一光线和第二光线，且第一光线在第一反射面11上发生全反射后通过出射面13出射，以作为前光出射；第二光线在第一反射面11和第二反射面12上发生全反射后通过入射面10出射，以作为背光出射。
在本实施例中，第一光线作为前光，第二光线作为背光，光组件还包括接收组件3以及监控组件4，接收组件3设置在晶体1的出射面13侧，监控组件4设置在激光组件2的同侧，即，监控组件4设置在晶体1的入射面10侧。其中，接收组件3用于接收第一光线，接收组件3包括第一聚光透镜31和光纤32，第一聚光透镜31用于将第一光线耦合进光纤32。监控组件4用于接收第二光线，监控组件4包括监控器件41和第二聚光透镜42，第一聚光透镜42设置在监控器件41上。监控组件4具体用于依据接收到的第二光线的功率调整激光组件2的发射功率。在可选的实施例中，监控组件4通过分析确定接收到的第二光线的功率，并根据该反馈功率调节激光器21的发射功率。其中，监控器件41背光探测器，也可以叫监控光电二极管。
此外，光组件还包括电路板6，激光器21以及监控器件41均对应设置在电路板6上。一般而言，激光器21所发出的激光经过准直之后相对于电路板6是垂直的，为了更直观的解释说明参考面，电路板6所在的平面可以作为参考面。
在可选的实施例中，光组件可适用于多路数据传输的应用场景，相应地，激光组件2和监控组件4沿晶体1入射面10延展的方向对应呈多路阵列分布，激光组件2用于产生多路激光；其中， 每一路激光经过晶体1后均对应产生第一光线15和第二光线16，接收组件3用于接收多路激光对应的第一光线15，监控组件4用于依据接收到的每一路的第二光线16的功率调整激光组件2的相应支路激光的发射功率。具体而言，激光组件2包括对个激光器21，监控组件4包括多个监控器件41，监控器件41和激光器21一一对应，以对应监控激光器21的发射光功率。
如图6所示，现假设激光组件2所发出的准直激光束通过O点进入晶体1中，以O点为原点作入射面10的界面法线，从晶体1的顶点A出发作一条平行于参考面的直线，该直线与入射面10的界面法线相交于G点，则光轴5与法线OG之间的夹角为γ 1，γ 1即晶体1的光轴5相对于入射面10的法线的夹角，即第四角度等于γ 1。入射面10和直线AG之间的夹角为θ1，θ1即为入射面10相对于参考面的角度，即第一角度等于θ1。从晶体1的顶点B出发作一条平行于参考面的直线BL，则第一反射面11和直线BL之间的夹角为α，α即为第一反射面11相对于参考面的角度，即第二角度等于α。从晶体1的顶点V出发作一条平行于参考面的直线UV，则第二反射面12和直线UV之间的夹角为β，β即为第二反射面12相对于参考面的角度，即第三角度等于β。
基于不同波长的激光可选择不同材料的晶体，并设计α、β、γ 1以及θ1的大小即可通过晶体实现分光的功能。
由于晶体1为各向异性材质，光轴5与晶体1的法线界面不重合，从外界进入的光线会发生双折射，即一束光线被折射为两束折射光。现以一束折射光为o光，另一束折射光为e光解释说明本实施例的分光原理。o光和e光在晶体1中的折射率不同，o光的折射遵守折射定律和反射定律，而e光的折射遵守如下公式(1)：
Figure PCTCN2018123402-appb-000001
其中，n o为o光在晶体中的折射率，n e为e光在晶体中的折射率，γ 1为晶体的光轴相对于入射面的法线的夹角，n为晶体以外的介质的折射率；θ 1为激光射入入射面的入射角；θ e为e光在入射面发生折射时的折射角。
e光的在晶体的反射遵守如下公式(2)：
Figure PCTCN2018123402-appb-000002
其中，θ 入射为e光相对于反射面的入射角，θ 反射为e光相对于反射面的反射角，n o为o光在晶体中的折射率，n e为e光在晶体中的折射率，γ为反射面法线与光轴的夹角，ε为反射面与光轴的夹角。
由实施例1可以得知，晶体1可对激光进行分光时，存在两种分光方式，如下：
分光方式一：第一光线为e光，即e光作为前光从出射面13出射耦合至光纤32；第二光线为o光，即o光作为背光从入射面10经过折射后进入至监控组件4。
分光方式二：第一光线为o光，即o光作为前光从出射面13出射耦合至光纤32；第二光线为e光，即e光作为背光从入射面10经过折射后进入至监控组件4。
下面请参阅图7推导分光方式一的实现过程。
如图7所示，激光组件2产生的准直激光束经过晶体1的入射面10后发生双折射，分离出e光15(第一光线)和o光16(第二光线)。
e光15(OF-FY)传播轨迹的推导如下：
首先，按照如下步骤(1)～(6)作分析辅助线：
(1)激光与入射面10的交点为O点，以O点为原点作垂直于入射面10的法线；
(2)从顶点A出发，作一条平行于参考面的直线，该直线与法线的交点为G；
(3)从顶点B出发，作一条平行于参考面的直线BL，该直线BL与入射面10的法线的交点为D；
(4)e光15在晶体1内沿直线传播，直至到达第一反射面11的F处发生全反射(直线OF与直线BL相交与C点)，以F点为原点作一条垂直于第一反射面11的法线FT，其中，法线FT与光轴5相交与T点。其中，e光15在第一反射面11的入射角为θ 2；e光15在第一反射面11发生全反射，反射角为θ 3。
因为激光垂直于参考面，直线AG平行于参考面，所以直线AG与激光垂直，则可以确定激光与法线的夹角与∠OAG相等，即激光在入射面10的入射角为θ 1。
在ΔOCD和ΔCEF中，由于∠OCD和∠FCE为对顶角，∠OCD＝∠FCE，则∠CDO+∠COD＝∠CFE+∠CEF，其中，∠COD为e光与入射面10的法线的夹角，即为e光的折射角，故∠COD＝θ e；∠CFE为e光相对于第一反射面11的入射角，故∠CFE＝θ 2。
在ΔAOG中，OG⊥AO，∠OAG＝θ 1，则∠OGA＝90°-θ 1；在ΔBFE中，EF⊥BF，∠FBE＝α，则∠FEB＝∠CEF＝90°-α；由于BL//AG，∠CDO＝∠OGA，因此，∠CDO＝90°-θ 1。
综上可得，θ e+90°-θ 1＝θ 2+90°-α，因此，e光早第一反射面11的入射角θ 2满足如下公式(3)：
θ 2＝θ e+α-θ 1   (3)
其中，θ e为e光的折射角，α为第一反射面11相对于参考面的角度，θ1为激光在入射面10的入射角(θ1为入射面10相对于参考面的角度)。
在ΔFTO中，γ 2＝∠TFO+∠TOF，其中，γ 2为光轴5与第一反射面11的法线的夹角。∠TOF＝∠TOD-∠COD，由于∠TOD为光轴5与入射面10的法线的夹角，则∠TOD＝γ 1，∠COD为e光在入射面10的折射角，则∠COD＝θ e，因此∠TOF＝γ 1-θ e。由前述分析可知∠TFO＝θ 2，则结合公式(3)可得到，γ 2＝θ 2+γ 1-θ e＝θ e+α-θ 1+γ 1-θ e＝α-θ 1+γ 1；
即γ 2满足如下公式(4)
γ 2＝α-θ 1+γ 1  (4)
其中，α为第一反射面11相对于参考面的角度，θ1为激光在入射面10的入射角(θ1为入射面10相对于参考面的角度)，γ 1为晶体的光轴相对于入射面的法线的夹角。
(5)从F点出发作一条平行于光轴5的直线FR(FR//OT)，则直线FR与第一反射面11的夹角ε 2为光轴5与第一反射面11的夹角。因为FR//OT，ε 2+90°+γ 2＝180°，ε 2＝90°-γ 2，结合公式(4)ε 2＝90°-γ 2＝90°-(α-θ 1+γ 1)，则ε 2满足如下公式(5)：
ε 2＝90°+θ 1-α-γ 1  (5)
其中，α为第一反射面11相对于参考面的角度，θ1为激光在入射面10的入射角(θ1为入射面10相对于参考面的角度)，γ 1为晶体的光轴相对于入射面的法线的夹角。
依据激光的波长、晶体的材料，通过合理设置α、θ1和γ 1角的大小可以使得e光15经过第一反射面11反射后垂直入射出射面13。在本实施例中，设置出射面13垂直于参考面，则e光15垂直入射于出射面13，然后发射折射从出射面13出射。
(6)现假设e光15与出射面13交点为Y点，以Y点作一条平行于光轴5的直线XY，以Y点为原点作出射面13的界面法线YP，则直线XY与法线YP之间的夹角(∠XYP)即为出射面13界面法线与光轴5的夹角，令∠XYP＝γ 3；
因为直线YP为出射面13的界面法线，出射面13垂直于参考面，所以直线YP平行于参考面，即YP//AG。如图7所示，直线AG与光轴5相交与S点，则∠XYP＝∠OSG。在ΔOSG中，∠OSG＝180°-∠SOG-∠OGS；∠SOG＝γ 1，∠OGS＝∠OGA＝90°-θ 1，所以∠OSG＝90°+θ 1-γ 1。则依据公式(1)即求得e光15的折射角θ 1’，最后依照折射角θ 1’可以确定e光15的出光方向相对于参考面的角度，从而确定接收组件3设置的位置，从而将e光15有效耦合至光纤32中，实现出光功能。
在优选的实施例中，也可依据实际情况设计出射面13相对于参考面的角度，进而使得e光15垂直于出射面13出射，进而降低耦合的工艺难度。
以下以出射面13垂直于参考面为例解释说明，o光16的传播轨迹(OH-HI-IQ)推导：
激光经晶体1的入射面10折射后，o光16满足折射定律和反射定律，o光16在入射面10的折射角θ o，则θ o可以由o光16在晶体1的折射率n o、激光射入入射面10的入射角θ 1和晶体1之外的介质的折射率n来确定。o光16沿预设传播轨迹在晶体1内传播，o光16传播至第一反射面11的H点发生全反射。
首先，按照如下步骤(1)～(4)作分析辅助线：
(1)以H点为原点反射面的界面法线HL，o光16传播过程中与直线BL相交与K点(即OH与BL相交与K点)；
为便于描述，令o光16的在第一反射面11的入射角为θ 4，o光16的在第一反射面11的反射角为θ 5，由于o光16遵循反射定律，则由反射定律n osinθ 4＝n osinθ 5可知，θ 4＝θ 5。
在ΔHKL和ΔDKO中，∠KHL+∠KLH＝∠KDO+∠KOD，因为∠KDO＝∠AGO＝90°-θ 1，∠KOD为o光16经过晶体1的入射面10折射后的折射角，即∠KOD＝θ o。
在ΔBHL中，HL⊥BH，∠HBL＝α，则∠KLH＝∠BLH＝90°-α；因此，∠KHL+90°-α＝90°-θ 1+θ o，∠KHL＝α-θ 1+θ o，θ 5＝θ 4＝∠KHL，则θ 4和θ 5满足如下公式(6)：
θ 5＝θ 4＝α-θ 1+θ o  (6)
在o光16经过第一反射面11反射后，o光16沿着预设的传播路径到达第二反射面12，并与第二反射面12在I点相交。
(2)以I点为原点作第二反射面12的界面法线，则该界面法线与HL(第一反射面11的界面 法线)相交与J点，与BL相交与W点。
令o光16的在第二反射面12的入射角(∠HIJ)为θ 6，o光16在第二反射面12的反射角为θ 7(∠UIZ)，由于o光16遵循反射定律，则由反射定律n osinθ 6＝n osinθ 7可知，θ 6＝θ 7；
在ΔHJI和ΔLJW中，∠IHJ+∠HIJ＝∠JWL+∠JLW，在ΔLJW和ΔLHB中，∠JLW＝∠HLB＝90°-α；
(3)以V点出发作一条平行于BL的直线，并与IW相交与U点，∠IVU＝β，则，在ΔIUV中，UI⊥VI，则∠IUV＝90°-β。因为，UV//BL，则∠JWL＝∠IUV＝90°-β。令∠JWL＝β’，则β’＝∠JWL＝90°-β。
综上，θ 5+θ 6＝90°-β+90°-α，结合公式(6)可得θ 6＝θ 7满足如下公式(7)：
θ 6＝θ 7＝180°+θ 1-θ o-β-2α   (7)
在o光16经过第二反射面12反射后，o光16沿着预设的传播路径重新回到入射面10，并与入射面10上的Q点相交。o光16经过第二反射面12反射后的反射光与e光15在第一反射面11的反射光相交与N点。
(4)以Q点为原点作入射面的界面法线，并与e光15在第一反射面11的反射光相交与M点。
由于MN//UV(e光15垂直于出射面13出射)，则，∠MNQ＝∠UZN＝∠ZUI+∠ZIU＝β’+θ 7＝90°-β+θ 7；由于MN//BL//AG，MQ//DO，则∠NMQ＝∠CDO＝∠AGO＝90°-θ 1。在ΔMNQ中，∠MQN＝180°-∠NMQ-∠MNQ＝180°-(90°-θ 1)-(90°-β+θ 7)＝θ 1+β-θ 7＝θ 1+β-(180°+θ 1-θ o-β-2α)＝2β+2α+θ o-180°，其中，∠MQN为o光16在入射面10的入射角，令即∠MQN＝θ 8，则θ 8，满足如下公式(8)：
θ 8＝2β+2α+θ o-180°   (8)
依据激光的波长、晶体1的材料，通过合理设置α、β、θ1和γ 1角的大小可以使得o光16经过入射面10折射后出射，出射后的o光16与激光组件2发出的激光束平行，即o光16垂于于参考面出射。
前述推导说明了，e光15以及o光16在晶体1上折射或发射时，各角度的推导公式，下面结合实例具体说明上述分光方式一的可实施性：
第一种可选的方案：
以晶体1为LiNbO3晶体，激光的波长为850nm为例，通过查表可知n o＝2.25，n e＝2.17；按照全反射条件，从光密介质到光疏介质满足关系式：
n osinθ 全反射＝1，n esinθ 全反射＝1；则可求得θ 0全反射＝26.41°，θ e全反射＝27.43°。
θ 1、γ 1、n、α和β存在的一种取值组合为：θ 1＝10°，γ 1＝45°，n＝1，α＝47.2°，β＝42.8°。
依据上述公式(1)～(8)可以得出：
θ 0＝23°，θ e＝6.5°，θ 2＝43.7°，θ 3＝42.8°，θ 4＝60.2°，θ 5＝60.2°，θ 6＝29.8°，θ 7＝29.8°，θ 8＝23°；
可以得出：
θ 2＞θ e全反射，e光15在第一反射面11上满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
θ 4＞θ 0全反射，o光16在第一反射面上11满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
θ 6＞θ 0全反射，o光16在第二反射面上12满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
由于θ 8＝θ 0，根据光路可逆原理，从晶体1入射面10出射的o光16垂直于参考面。
∠HFN＝90°-θ 3＝47.2°＝α，所以FN//BL，即FN为与参考方向平行，则经晶体1第一反射面11反射后的e光15以平行于参考面的方向射入出射面。
第二种可选的方案：
以晶体1为YVO4晶体，激光的波长为850nm为例，通过查表可知n o＝1.97，n e＝2.18；按照全反射条件，从光密介质到光疏介质满足关系式：
n osinθ 全反射＝1，n esinθ 全反射＝1；则可求得θ 0全反射＝30.54°，θ e全反射＝27.26°。
θ 1、γ 1、n、α和β存在的一种取值组合为：θ 1＝14°，γ 1＝45°，n＝1，α＝51.5°，β＝38.5°。
依据上述公式(1)～(8)可以得出：
θ 0＝20.0°，θ e＝-1.1°，θ 2＝36.35°，θ 3＝38.5°，θ 4＝57.5°，θ 5＝57.5°，θ 6＝32.5°，θ 7＝32.5°，θ 8＝20°；
可以得出：
θ 2＞θ e全反射，e光15在第一反射面11上满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
θ 4＞θ 0全反射，o光16在第一反射面上11满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
θ 6＞θ 0全反射，o光16在第二反射面上12满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
由于θ 8＝θ 0，根据光路可逆原理，从晶体1入射面10出射的o光16垂直于参考面。
∠HFN＝90°-θ 3＝49.4°＝α，所以FN//BL，即FN为水平方向，则经晶体1第一反射面11反射后的e光15以平行于参考面的方向射入出射面。
在本实施中，接收组件3接收e光15作为前光出射，监控组件4接收o光16作为背光，依据接收到的o光16的功率自适应调整激光组件2的激光功率，进而保证e光15的功率满足实际需求。
下面参阅图8说明分光方式二的实现过程：
如图8所示，激光组件2产生的准直激光束经过晶体1的入射面10后发生双折射，分离出o光15(第一光线)和e光16(第二光线)。
o光15(OF-FN)传播轨迹的推导如下：
首先，按照如下步骤(1)～(5)做分析辅助线：
(1)激光与入射面10的交点为O，以O为原点作垂直于入射面10的法线；
(2)从顶点A出发，作一条平行于参考面的直线，该直线与法线的交点为G；
(3)从顶点B出发，作一条平行于参考面的直线BE，该直线BE与入射面10的法线的交点为D；
(4)o光15从入射面10进入晶体1后，在晶体1内沿直线传播，直至到达第一反射面11的F处发生全反射(直线OF与直线BE相交于C点)，以F点为原点作一条垂直于第一反射面11的法线 FE；
(5)o光15在第一反射面11的入射角为θ 2，o光15在第一反射面11发生全反射，反射角为θ 3；o光15反射后从出射面13出射作为前光出射。
因为激光垂直于参考面，直线AG平行于参考面，所以直线AG与激光垂直，则可以确定激光与法线的夹角与∠OAG相等，即激光在入射面10的入射角为θ 1。
在ΔOCD和ΔECF中，∠COD+∠CDO＝∠CEF+∠CFE，∠CFE即为o光15在第一发射面11的入射角，即∠CFE＝θ2；在ΔBEF中，EF⊥BF，∠CEF＝∠BEF＝90°-α。因为BE//AG，所以∠CDO＝∠OGA，在ΔAGO中，∠OGA＝90°-θ1，因为∠COD为o光15在晶体1的折射角，即∠COD＝θo。
综上，θo+90°-θ1＝90°-α+θ2，因此，o光15在第一反射面11的入射角θ2满足如下公式(10)：
θ2＝θo+α-θ1   (10)
其中，θ o为o光的折射角，α为第一反射面11相对于参考面的角度，θ1为激光在入射面10的入射角(θ1为入射面10相对于参考面的角度)。
因为o光15在晶体1内的传播遵守反射定律，由反射定律知：nosinθ2＝nosinθ3，则θ2＝θ3，所以，o光15在第一反射面11的反射角θ3同样满足上述公式(10)。
依据激光的波长、晶体的材料，通过合理设置α和θ1大小可以使得o光15经过第一反射面11反射后垂直入射出射面13，以保证o光15从出射面13垂直出射。
以下以o光15垂直出射面13出射为例解释说明，e光16的传播轨迹(OH-HI-IQ)的推导分析：
首先，按照如下步骤(1)～(7)作分析辅助线：
(1)激光经过晶体1的入射面10折射后产生e光16，e光16的折射角为θe(相对于入射面10的界面法线OG)，e光16与第一反射面11相交与H点，其中，OH与BE相交与K点；
(2)以H点为原点作第一反射面11的界面法线，该法线与光轴5相交与T点，该法线与BE相交于L点；
在ΔHKL和ΔDKO中，∠KHL+∠KLH＝∠KDO+∠KOD，由于∠KHL为e光16相对于第一反射面11的入射角，令∠KHL＝θ4。因为∠KLH＝∠BLH＝90°-α，∠KDO＝∠AGO＝90°-θ1，则θ4+90°-α＝90°-θ1+θe，因此可得知，e光16相对于第一反射面11的入射角θ4满足如下公式(11)：
θ4＝α-θ1+θe   (11)
其中，θ e为e光16的折射角，α为第一反射面11相对于参考面的角度，θ1为激光在入射面10的入射角(θ1为入射面10相对于参考面的角度)。
由于∠DOT为光轴5与入射面10的法线的夹角，则∠DOT＝γ1。由于∠DOT＝∠HOT+∠DOH，而∠DOH为e光16在入射面10上的折射角，则∠DOH＝θe，所以∠HOT＝γ1-θe。令光轴5与第一反射面11的法线的夹角为γ2，由图3可知γ2＝∠THO+∠HOT＝θ4+γ1-θe，则结合公式(11)可得出γ2满足如下公式(12)：
γ2＝α-θ1+γ1  (12)
(3)以H点作一条平行于光轴5的直线HR，HR与第一反射面11的夹角为ε2(光轴5与第一 反射面的夹角)，即∠RHF＝ε2；
由于HR//OT，则∠RHT+γ2＝180°，即∠RHF+∠FHT+γ2＝180°，由于FH⊥FT，则∠FHT＝90°，故ε2+90°+γ2＝180°，因此，光轴5与第一反射面11的夹角ε2满足如下公式(13)：
ε2＝90°-γ2  (13)
(4)e光16经过第一反射面11反射后，沿预设的传播路径传播，并与第二反射面12相交与I点，以I点为原点，作第二反射面12的法线，该法线与HL(第一反射面11的界面法线)所在的直线相交与J点，该法线与BE相交与W点；令e光16在第二反射面12的入射角为θ 6，e光16在第二反射面12的反射角为θ 7；
(5)以J点为起点作一条平行于光轴5的直线，该直线与第二反射面12相交于P点；
(6)以顶点V做一条平行于参考面的直线(即平行于BE的直线)，该直线与直线IJ相交与Z点，与直线PJ相交与M点；
由于，直线BE平行于直线ZV，则∠LWJ＝∠IZV，令，∠LWJ＝∠IZV＝β’，在ΔIZV中，IZ⊥IV，则β’＝∠IZV＝90°-β，(其中，β为第二反射面12相对于参考面的夹角)。
在ΔHJI和ΔLJW中，∠IHJ+∠HIJ＝∠WLJ+∠LWJ，其中，∠HIJ为e光16在第二反射面12的入射角，∠IHJ为e光16在第一反射面11的反射角，即∠IHJ＝θ 5，∠HIJ＝θ 6。因为∠WLJ＝∠BLH＝90°-α，则θ 5+θ 6＝90°-α+90°-β。因此可得出，e光16在第二反射面12的入射角为θ 6满足如下公式(14)：
θ 6＝180°-α-β-θ 5   (14)
由于PJ(PM)//光轴5(OT)，则∠LJM＝γ 2；在ΔHJI中，∠HJI＝180°-∠JHI-∠JIH＝180°-θ 5-θ 6，由于∠MJI＝∠LJW-∠LJM，则∠MJI＝∠HJI-∠LJM＝180°-θ 5-θ 6-γ 2。其中，∠MJI为第二反射面12的法线与光轴5的夹角，令∠MJI＝γ 3，则可知γ 3可满足如下公式(16)：
γ 3＝180°-θ 5-θ 6-γ 2  (16)
由于ΔJIP为直角三角形，则∠JPI＝90°-∠PJI，∠JPI为光轴5与第二反射面12的夹角，令∠JPI＝ε 3，则可得出ε 3满足如下公式(17)：
ε 3＝90°-γ 3   (17)
(7)e光16经过第二反射面12反射的光线入射到入射面10，并与入射面10相交与Q点，以Q点为原点作入射面10的法线，该法线与MV相交与S点，IQ与直线MV相交与U点；
由于SQ//OG，SU//AG，故∠USQ＝∠AGO＝90°-θ 1，在ΔZIU中，∠ZIU为e光16在第二反射面12上的反射角，则∠ZIU＝θ 7，∠IZU＝β’，∠SUQ＝∠ZIU+∠IZU＝θ7+β’＝θ7+90°-β。在ΔSUQ中，θ 8＝180°-∠USQ-∠SUQ，因此，θ 8＝180°-(90°-θ 1)-(θ7+90°-β)，可推出θ 8满足如下公式(18)
θ 8＝θ 1+β-θ7   (18)
依据激光的波长、晶体1的材料，通过合理设置α、β、θ1和γ 1角的大小可以使得e光16 经过入射面10折射后出射，出射后的e光16与激光组件2发出的激光束平行，即e光16垂于参考面出射。
前述推导说明了，o光15以及e光16在晶体1上折射或发射时，各角度的推导公式，下面结合实例具体说明上述分光方式二的可实施性：
以晶体1为LiNbO3晶体，激光的波长为850nm为例，通过查表可知n o＝2.25，n e＝2.17；按照全反射条件，从光密介质到光疏介质满足关系式：
n osinθ 全反射＝1，n esinθ 全反射＝1；则可求得θ 0全反射＝26.41°，θ e全反射＝27.43°。
θ 1、γ 1、n、α和β存在的一种取值组合为：θ 1＝10°，γ 1＝45°，n＝1，α＝38.5°，β＝51.3°。
依据上述公式(1)、(2)、(10)～(18)可以得出：
θ 0＝23°，θ e＝6.5°，θ 2＝51.5°，θ 3＝51.5°，θ 4＝35°，θ 5＝34.7°，θ 6＝55.5°，θ 7＝54.8°，θ 8＝6.5°；
可以得出：
θ 2＞θ 0全反射，o光15在第一反射面11上满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
θ 4＞θ e全反射，e光16在第一反射面上11满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
θ 6＞θ e全反射，e光16在第二反射面上12满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
由于θ 8＝θ e，根据光路可逆原理，从晶体1入射面10出射的e光16垂直于参考面。
∠XFN＝90°-θ 3＝38.5°＝α，所以FN//BL，即FN与参考方向平行，则经晶体1第一反射面11反射后的o光15以平行于参考面的方向射入出射面，由于出射面13垂直于参考面，则o光15以垂直于出射面13的方向出射。
第二种可选的方案：
以晶体1为YVO4晶体，激光的波长为850nm为例，通过查表可知n o＝1.97，n e＝2.18；按照全反射条件，从光密介质到光疏介质满足关系式：
n osinθ 全反射＝1，n esinθ 全反射＝1；则可求得θ 0全反射＝30.54°，θ e全反射＝27.26°。
θ 1、γ 1、n、α和β存在的一种取值组合为：θ 1＝10°，γ 1＝45°，n＝1，α＝40°，β＝50.7°。
依据上述公式(1)、(2)、(10)～(18)可以得出：
θ 0＝20°，θ e＝-1.1°，θ 2＝50°，θ 3＝50°，θ 4＝28.9°，θ 5＝29.6°，θ 6＝59.7°，θ 7＝61.8°，θ 8＝-1.1°；
可以得出：
θ 2＞θ 0全反射，o光15在第一反射面11上满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
θ 4＞θ e全反射，e光16在第一反射面上11满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
θ 6＞θ e全反射，e光16在第二反射面上12满足全反射条件，发生了全反射；
由于θ 8＝θ e，根据光路可逆原理，从晶体1入射面10出射的e光16垂直于参考面。
∠XFN＝90°-θ 3＝40°＝α，所以FN//BL，即FN与参考方向平行，则经晶体1第一反射面11反射后的o光15以平行于参考面的方向射入出射面，由于出射面13垂直于参考面，则o光15以垂直于出射面13的方向出射。
在此，需要强调的是，前述所列举的数值均是四舍五入之后的结果，同时前述所列举的各种方案的晶体1的各角度值均是最优的结果，保证光线在反射面上发生全反射，以期达到充分利用光能量的作用，但是在实际生产制造的过程中，由于工艺的误差或其他因素的考量，各角度的值可能与前述列举的并不相同，即存在一定的容差范围。发明人经过大量的实验发现当第一角度、第二角度、第三角度以及第四角度的容差控制在±1°时，虽然会有少量的光被折射，但是同样能够达到较好的分光效果。
由前述的分析可知，本实施例提供的两种分光方式的晶体1的结构是不相同的，具体而言，分光方式一对应的晶体1的工艺要求相对较低，分光方式二对应的晶体1的尺寸更小，在实际使用过程中，可依据实际情况进行选择。
此外，本实施例是以激光的波长为850nm进行推导说明的，在其他实施例中，波长为1310nm或1550nm的激光同样适用于本实施例的分光方法，在实际应用场景中，依据前述的公式(1)～(18)计算并对应设置晶体1各面的角度即可。
区别于现有技术，本发明采用特定结构的晶体，准直之后的激光束通过晶体的入射面后会发生双折射生成第一光线和第二光线，其中，第一光线在第一反射面发生全反射后通过出射面出射，以作为前光；第二光线在第一反射面和第二反射面发生全反射后通过入射面出射，以作为背光。本发明无需增加分光膜即可实现对激光进行分光，以实现背光监控的功能，自适应调节激光器的发射功率。本发明的分光方法的稳定性良好，减小了光器件失效的风险。
实施例4：
参阅图9，本实施例提供一种光组件的制造方法，该光组件的制造方法适用于上述任一实施例的光组件。该光组件的制造方法包括如下步骤：
步骤90：设置激光组件于预设的参考面上，并配置激光组件所发射的激光的方向。
在本实施方式中，光组件包括晶体和激光组件，其中，上述任一实施例的晶体均可用来制备本实施例的光组件，依据实际的需求选择合适的晶体即可。
具体而言，激光组件包括激光器和准直透镜，准直透镜设置在激光器上，激光器用于产生预设波长的激光，准直透镜用于将激光整合为准直的激光束，进而使得激光组件产生准直的激光束。
其中，参考面仅是为了便于说明本实施例的晶体的位置，可以是一实体的平面，也可以为一虚拟的平面。例如，参考面可以为以地球坐标系为基准的水平面，也可以为其他方向的平面，或者预设的参考面可以为电路板或其他平台上，保证激光束传播的方向与该参考面垂直即可，在此，不足具体限定。
为了方便描述，在此以参考面为电路板为例说明。在实际制造过程中，将激光器设置在电路板上，同时将准直透镜设置在激光器上。在本实施例中，激光器发射的激光一般为椭圆偏振光或圆偏振光，为了保证激光激光入射到晶体入射面的方向一致，通过准直透镜对激光器所发出的激光进行准直处理，使得激光组件所发出的激光垂直于参考面。
另一方面，由于激光组件所发出的激光为平行光束，可以减小晶体相对电路板的高度，从而减小光组件的封装尺寸。
步骤91：将满足分光条件的晶体设置在预设的位置上，以使晶体将从入射面入射的激光分成第一光线和第二光线，其中，第一光线从出射面出射，第二光线从入射面出射。
其中，晶体各向异性材质，晶体的光轴与晶体的界面法线不重合，从外界进入的光线会发生双折射，即一束光线被折射为两束折射光。具体而言，晶体包括入射面、出射面、第一反射面以及出射面。通过合理设计晶体的结构可以实现分光的功能。
在实际应用场景中，激光组件所发出的激光的波长不同时，激光在晶体的折射率也会发生改变，进而影响光线的传播路径。相应地，当晶体的材料不同时，同一波长激光在晶体的折射率也会发生改变，进而影响光线的传播路径。因此，在本实施例中，依据实际的应用场景确定激光组件发出的激光的波长，例如激光的波长可以为850nm、1310nm或1550nm等。然后，基于激光组件所发出的激光的波长选择晶体的材料，其中，晶体的材料可以为LiNbO3晶体或YVO4晶体等。激光组件发出的激光的波长以及晶体的材料依据实际需求选择即可。
在确定了激光组件发出的激光的波长以及晶体的材料后，依据晶体的材料以及激光的波长设置入射面、第一反射面以及第二反射面相对于参考面的角度以及晶体的光轴相对于入射面的法线的角度，以使从入射面入射的激光分成第一光线和第二光线，且第一光线在第一反射面上发生全反射后通过出射面出射；第二光线在第一反射面和第二反射面上发生全反射后通过入射面出射。
进一步地，将接收组件设置在晶体的出光面侧，其中，接收组件包括聚光透镜和光纤，聚光透镜将第一光线进行聚光后耦合至光纤，以实现数据传输。为了能实时监控并调节激光组件的发射功率，在优选的实施例中，可以在电路板上设置监控组件，其中，监控组件包括监控器件以及聚光透镜，聚光透镜用于将第二光线进行聚光后传导至监控器件中，监控器件用于实时监控第二光线的功率，并依据监控结果实时调整电流，以调整激光组件的发射功率，进而实现背光监控的功能，以保证第一光线的功率满做需求。
当激光组件的偏振状态不同时，第一光线和第二光线对应的能量比也不同，由于第一光线作为前光出射，对功率有较高的要求，而第二光线作为背光，对功率的要求较低，为了保证光能量被充分利用。在优选的实施例中，基于激光组件所发出的激光的偏振状态确定第一光线的类型和第二光线的类型，其中，第一光线的能量大于第二光线的能量。
进一步地，再基于激光组件所发出的激光的波长选择晶体的材料，具体地，依据第一光线的类型、第二光线的类型、晶体的材料以及激光的波长设置入射面、第一反射面、第二反射面相对于参考面的角度以及晶体的光轴相对于入射面的法线的角度，以使从入射面入射的激光分成第一光线和第二光线，且第一光线在第一反射面上发生全反射后通过出射面出射；第二光线在第一反射面和第二反射面上发生全反射后通过入射面出射。
按照本实施例的制造方法可以制造出上述任一实施例的光组件，具体请参照图6～图8以及相关的文字描述，在此不再赘述。
区别于现有技术，本发明采用特定结构的晶体，准直之后的激光束通过晶体的入射面后会发生双折射生成第一光线和第二光线，其中，第一光线在第一反射面发生全反射后通过出射面出射，以作为前光；第二光线在第一反射面和第二反射面发生全反射后通过入射面出射，以作为背光。本发明无需增加分光膜即可实现对激光进行分光，以实现背光监控的功能，自适应调节激光器的发射功率。本发明的分光方法的稳定性良好，同时减少了镀分光膜的膜层设计、膜料采购、镀膜工艺过程、膜层检验过程、膜层可靠性测试等流程，减小了光器件失效的风险。
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光组件，其特征在于，所述光组件包括晶体(1)和激光组件(2)，所述晶体(1)设置在所述激光组件(2)上；
    所述激光组件(2)用于产生激光，所述晶体(1)用于对入射到所述晶体(1)上的激光进行分光，以产生第一光线(15)和第二光线(16)；
    其中，所述第一光线(15)用于前光出射，所述第二光线(16)用于背光监控。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光组件，其特征在于，所述激光组件(2)用于产生准直的激光束，其中，所述激光束垂直于预设的参考面；
    所述晶体(1)包括入射面(10)、第一反射面(11)、第二反射面(12)以及出射面(13)，所述入射面(10)相对于所述参考面具有第一角度，所述第一反射面(11)相对于所述参考面具有第二角度，所述第二反射面(12)相对于所述参考面具有第三角度；所述晶体(1)的光轴(5)相对于所述入射面(10)的法线具有第四角度；
    其中，所述第一角度、所述第二角度、所述第三角度以及所述第四角度使得通过所述入射面(10)进入所述晶体(1)的激光被折射成第一光线(15)和第二光线(16)，且所述第一光线(15)在所述第一反射面(11)上发生全反射后通过所述出射面(13)出射；所述第二光线(16)在所述第一反射面(11)和所述第二反射面(12)上发生全反射后通过所述入射面(10)出射。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光组件，其特征在于，所述第一光线(15)作为前光，所述第二光线(16)作为背光；所述光组件还包括接收组件(3)以及监控组件(4)，所述接收组件(3)设置在所述晶体(1)的出射面(13)侧，所述监控组件(4)设置在所述激光组件(2)的同侧；
    所述接收组件(3)用于接收所述第一光线(15)，所述监控组件(4)用于接收所述第二光线(16)，并依据接收到的所述第二光线(16)的功率调整所述激光组件(2)的发射功率。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光组件，其特征在于，所述接收组件(3)包括第一聚光透镜(31)和光纤(32)，所述第一聚光透镜(31)将所述第一光线(15)耦合进所述光纤(32)；
    所述监控组件(4)包括监控器件(41)和第二聚光透镜(42)，所述第二聚光透镜(42)设置在所述监控器件(41)上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光组件，其特征在于，所述第一光线(15)和所述第二光线(16)的波长为850nm；所述第一光线(15)为e光，所述第二光线(16)为o光；所述晶体(1)为YVO4晶体，所述第一角度为14°±1°，所述第二角度为51.5°±1°，所述第三角度为38.5°±1°，所述第四角度为45°±1°；或
    所述第一光线(15)和所述第二光线(16)的波长为850nm；所述第一光线(15)为e光，所述第二光线(16)为o光；所述晶体(1)为LiNbO3晶体，所述第一角度为10°±1°，所述第二角度为47.2°±1°，所述第三角度为42.8°±1°，所述第四角度为45°±1°；或
    所述第一光线(15)和所述第二光线(16)的波长为850nm；所述第一光线(15)为o光，所 述第二光线(16)为e光；所述晶体(1)为YVO4晶体，所述第一角度为10°±1°，所述第二角度为40°±1°，所述第三角度为50.7°±1°，所述第四角度为45°±1°；或
    所述第一光线(15)和所述第二光线(16)的波长为850nm；所述第一光线(15)为o光，所述第二光线(16)为e光；所述晶体(1)为LiNbO3晶体，所述第一角度为10°±1°，所述第二角度为38.5°±1°，所述第三角度为51.3°±1°，所述第四角度为45°±1°。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的光组件，其特征在于，所述激光组件(2)和所述监控组件(4)沿所述晶体(1)入射面(10)延展的方向对应呈多路阵列分布，所述激光组件(2)用于产生多路激光；
    其中，每一路激光经过所述晶体(1)后均对应产生第一光线(15)和第二光线(16)，所述接收组件(3)用于接收多路激光对应的第一光线(15)，所述监控组件(4)用于依据接收到的每一路的第二光线(16)的功率调整所述激光组件(2)的相应支路激光的发射功率。
  7. 一种光组件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述光组件的制造方法包括：
    设置激光组件于预设的参考面上，并配置所述激光组件所发射的激光的方向；
    将满足分光条件的晶体设置在预设的位置上，以使所述晶体将从所述晶体的入射面入射的激光分成第一光线和第二光线，其中，所述第一光线从所述晶体的出射面出射，所述第二光线从所述入射面出射。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的光组件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述设置激光组件于预设的参考面上，并配置所述激光组件所发射的激光的方向包括：
    设置激光组件于预设的参考面上；
    将所述激光组件所发出的激光进行准直处理，使得所述激光组件所发出的激光垂直于所述参考面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的光组件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述晶体还包括第一反射面和第二反射面；
    所述将满足分光条件的晶体设置在预设的位置上，以使所述晶体将从所述入射面入射的激光分成第一光线和第二光线包括：
    基于所述激光组件所发出的激光的波长选择晶体的材料；
    依据所述晶体的材料以及所述激光的波长设置所述入射面、所述第一反射面、所述第二反射面相对于所述参考面的角度以及所述晶体的光轴相对于所述入射面的法线的角度，以使从所述入射面入射的激光分成第一光线和第二光线，且所述第一光线在所述第一反射面上发生全反射后通过所述出射面出射；所述第二光线在所述第一反射面和所述第二反射面上发生全反射后通过所述入射面出射。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的光组件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述晶体还包括第一反射面和第二反射面；
    所述将满足分光条件的晶体设置在预设的位置上，以使所述晶体将从所述入射面入射的激光分成第一光线和第二光线包括：
    基于所述激光组件所发出的激光的偏振状态确定所述第一光线的类型和所述第二光线的类型，其中，所述第一光线的能量大于所述第二光线的能量；
    基于所述激光组件所发出的激光的波长选择晶体的材料；
    依据所述第一光线的类型、所述第二光线的类型、所述晶体的材料以及所述激光的波长设置所述入射面、所述第一反射面、所述第二反射面相对于所述参考面的角度以及所述晶体的光轴相对于所述入射面的法线的角度，以使从所述入射面入射的激光分成第一光线和第二光线，且所述第一光线在所述第一反射面上发生全反射后通过所述出射面出射；所述第二光线在所述第一反射面和所述第二反射面上发生全反射后通过所述入射面出射。
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