WO2015113946A1 - Battery module - Google Patents

Battery module Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015113946A1
WO2015113946A1 PCT/EP2015/051542 EP2015051542W WO2015113946A1 WO 2015113946 A1 WO2015113946 A1 WO 2015113946A1 EP 2015051542 W EP2015051542 W EP 2015051542W WO 2015113946 A1 WO2015113946 A1 WO 2015113946A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foam structure
battery module
foam
battery
predetermined breaking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2015/051542
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Harald Stuetz
Michael KÖRÖSI
Markus Kores
Martin Michelitsch
Dietmar Niederl
Theo VOLCK
David Fink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AVL List GmbH
Original Assignee
AVL List GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AVL List GmbH filed Critical AVL List GmbH
Priority to CN201580006149.3A priority Critical patent/CN106233495B/en
Publication of WO2015113946A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015113946A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3468—Batteries, accumulators or fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery module with a plurality of battery cells, which are formed substantially plate-like and surrounded by a foam structure.
  • EP 0 631 338 A1 describes a battery having a battery housing, in which a plurality of battery cells are accommodated, wherein the battery housing is made of a plastic foam structure.
  • EP 1 717 884 B1 discloses a vent valve for acid batteries for this purpose.
  • such valves can not be used or can only be used in the area of the battery housing itself, while the foam structure around the battery cell can continue to rupture in an uncontrolled manner.
  • EP 2 685 527 AI describes a predetermined breaking point in a housing by two battery cells are housed. In the case of a defective battery cell, the resulting overpressure can escape via this predetermined breaking point.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is that the escaping gas spreads throughout the housing before breaking the predetermined breaking point, which may possibly other elements also located in the housing can be affected.
  • This object is achieved in that the foam structure at least one predetermined breaking point, wherein each battery cell is associated with at least one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure.
  • each battery cell is assigned at least one predetermined breaking point of the foam structure, so that the number of predetermined breaking points corresponds at least to the number of battery cells.
  • this at least one predetermined breaking point which is preferably designed as a dilution of material in the foam structure can be drained in a controlled manner escaping gas or pressure in case of malfunction and / or a defect at least one or more battery cells in the environment without the entire foam structure their Function, namely the protection of at least one battery cell from mechanical damage loses.
  • Another advantage of the controlled discharge is that the predetermined breaking point can be mounted at a location where the outflowing gas can cause no further damage to the environment, or the gas can be removed for example via a collecting channel.
  • the at least one predetermined breaking point of the foam structure is arranged in the respective region of a weak point of the battery cell.
  • a weak point in the context of this disclosure is understood to mean that region of a battery cell in which, in the event of a malfunction of the battery cell, an escape of gas increases or also intentionally occurs, for example in the form of a predetermined breaking point in the battery casing.
  • the material dilution in the foam structure is arranged in the region of, or between two cell contacts of at least one battery cell.
  • Prismatic cells often have a predetermined breaking point in this area, at which the gas possibly escapes from the cell interior. If the predetermined breaking point of the cell is arranged elsewhere, it may be expedient to also position the material dilution in the foam structure in this area away from the cell contacts.
  • the cell contacts of the at least one battery cell usually protrude into the region of a housing cover of the battery housing, where also usually venting devices, such as venting membranes, venting channels or valves are arranged.
  • venting devices such as venting membranes, venting channels or valves are arranged.
  • the predetermined breaking point must be in this case Foam layer be positioned at a point in the vehicle at which a safe degassing is possible.
  • the operation of battery modules often requires a temperature control of the at least one battery cell, this temperature control may include both heating and cooling the environment of the battery cell.
  • this temperature control may include both heating and cooling the environment of the battery cell.
  • the foam structure has at least one channel with a channel wall, and that at least one predetermined breaking point is arranged in the region of the channel wall.
  • the channel serves to receive a temperature control element, for example a cooling line. If, for example, this cooling line is defective, leaking cooling liquid can be discharged in a controlled manner from the channel in the foam structure.
  • the drainage channel can arise during the foaming process of a unit or be formed, for example, by the assembly of several foam parts.
  • the foam structure has at least two foam layers with different mechanical, physical and / or chemical properties.
  • the foam structure has a first foam layer, which encloses at least one battery cell in its entirety, and preferably has fire-retardant properties.
  • This fire-retarding property can be achieved, for example, by replacing the blowing agent necessary for producing the foam structure during foaming of the battery cell by a fire-retardant gas or by an inert gas.
  • the foaming of the battery cells under a protective gas atmosphere prevents air pockets, which can have a fire-supporting effect in the event of a malfunction.
  • the first foam layer is designed such that it releases a protective gas or other fire-retardant substances in case of fire.
  • a layer is provided as the second foam layer, which optionally has a higher density than the first foam layer, and is preferably designed as a load-bearing layer for different installations.
  • This second foam layer, the Licher way also has a greater thickness than the first foam layer is characterized in particular by their mechanical stability, which allows the inclusion of different internals.
  • the temperature management of foamed-in battery modules is a challenge to prevent the battery cells from overheating during operation and in particular catching fire. Therefore, it is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that between the first foam layer and the second foam layer, a further, third foam layer is arranged, which allows a better heat transfer between these two foam layers.
  • an additional outer fourth layer is connected, which serves the EMC protection, and preferably has a vapor barrier.
  • the at least two foam layers are arranged separable from each other around the at least one battery cell. Due to the separability of the at least two foam layers from one another or from individual cells, in particular when recycling the battery module according to the invention, a simpler separation of the individual components can take place. This separability is for example designed such that a ripcord is integrated with at least one exposed eyelet in the foam structure. If the foam layer is to be removed, the closed foam structure is torn in half by means of the ripcord, and the resulting parts can then be lifted off. Likewise, markings may be provided at locations where mechanical processing to separate the foam structure is safely possible.
  • the at least one first foam layer has an at least partially structured surface that is complementary to an at least partially structured surface of the adjacent second foam layer.
  • These structured surfaces can be designed here in particular as toothings. If the toothing geometry is formed only in one direction, for example in the z-axis, the individual layers can be separated from one another again by displacement relative to one another in this direction.
  • FIG. 1 shows a battery module according to the invention in a longitudinal sectional view with a plurality of battery cells, which are surrounded by a foam structure
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show a first embodiment of the invention in a sectional view along the line A-A of FIG. 1 and
  • FIGs. 6 and 7 show detailed views of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a battery module 100 according to the invention with a stack consisting of a plurality of battery cells 101, 101a in a longitudinal section. Depending on the cell type and interconnection of the battery cells 101, 101a with each other, for example, these are alternately rotated by 180 °.
  • the cell stack is surrounded according to the invention by a foam structure 110.
  • the battery module 100 is shown in a sectional view along the section line AA in FIG. 1.
  • the foam structure 110 encloses the essentially prismatic battery cell 101 with a cell contact 102 and has in the region of the cell contact 102 a material thinner 111 with a smaller wall thickness d than the remaining foam structure 110.
  • this predetermined breaking point of the foam structure 110 is in the region of a weak point of the battery cell 101, as may be formed, for example, by the cell contact 102 or the surrounding area of the battery cell 101.
  • the illustrated breaking point of the foam structure 110 is assigned to the weak point of the battery cell 101.
  • the predetermined breaking point of the foam structure 110 breaks up before the escaping gas of the battery cell 101 spreads out unnecessarily and damages other elements.
  • the weak point of the battery cell 101 is that region of the battery cell 101 which opens in the event of damage. This may be deliberately provided or known from experience.
  • an assignment of a predetermined breaking point of the foam structure 110 to a weak point of the battery cell 101 can also take place in that the predetermined breaking point is not arranged directly in the region of the weak point, but, for example, the gas emerging from the battery cell is passed through a channel directly to the predetermined breaking point.
  • a predetermined breaking point can be assigned to a plurality of weak points of the battery cell 101.
  • the dilution of material 111 forms a predetermined breaking point which tears because of the resulting overpressure (FIG. 3).
  • the escaping gas is passed in this embodiment of the invention, a channel 112 and then derived from the battery case, for example via an overpressure device such as a vent valve (not shown).
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show by way of example further two different variants of cell contact arrangements with different positions of the cell weak points.
  • the cell contacts 102, 102a are arranged next to one another.
  • the weak point of the battery cell 101 also called valve opening, is often situated between the cell contacts 102, 102a in this type of battery cell.
  • the probability of breaking the cell wall in case of damage is highest at this point.
  • the material dilution 111 of the foam structure 110 over this weak point further increases the probability because the battery cell is embedded in all other places in a thicker and thus more stable foam structure 110.
  • the battery cell 101 in FIG. 5 has opposing cell contacts 102, 102a.
  • the weak point here is usually next to one or both cell contacts 102, 102a. Accordingly, one or more material dilutions 111, 11 a, 111 b, 111 c are also provided in the region of the cell contacts 102, 102 a.
  • a predetermined breaking point in the foam structure 110 extends over the weak points of a plurality of battery cells 101 and is thus arranged in the region of the weak points and assigned thereto, or on the other hand that separate predetermined breaking points in the foam structure 110 are provided , which are then each arranged in the region of the weak point of the respective battery cell 101 and associated with these. If a battery cell 101 has a plurality of weak points, as shown for example in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 5, then a plurality of predetermined breaking points in the foam structure 110 are assigned to this battery cell 101.
  • the following variants are possible, which can also be combined: a) a single predetermined breaking point in the foam structure 110 which is assigned to the weak point of several battery cells 101, or b) one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure 110, that of the weak point of each battery cell 101, or c) two or more predetermined breaking points in the foam structure 110 which are associated with two or more weak points of a plurality of battery cells 101, or d) one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure 110 which is associated with each of the weak points of a battery cell 101, wherein the Number of predetermined breaking points corresponds to the number of weak points of all battery cells 101.
  • FIGS. 6 and FIG. 7 a battery cell 101 with a surrounding foam structure 110 is again shown in a detailed view, wherein a coolant line 120 extends within the foam structure 110. If now this coolant line 120 is defective, and a coolant 121 exits through the defect 103, it is discharged via the channel 112 and discharged at a suitable location outside the battery module 100 or the battery.
  • FIGs. 8a-8c is a schematic illustration of a ripcord 130 embedded in the foam structure 110 (FIG. 8a).
  • the foam structure 110 is divided into two parts ( Figure 8c), which can be removed in sequence.
  • the foam structure 110 is divided if necessary at the sites provided for this purpose and the battery cells 101 can be removed in a simple manner.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. In particular, the number and arrangement of the at least one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure can be designed differently.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery module (100) comprising at least two, preferably a plurality of battery cells (101, 101a) which are essentially plate-shaped and are surrounded by a foam structure (110, 110a, 110b), said foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) having at least one predetermined breaking point, and each battery cell (101, 101a) being associated with at least one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b).

Description

Batteriemodul  battery module

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Batteriemodul mit einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen, die im Wesentlichen plattenartig ausgebildet und von einer Schaumstoffstruktur umgeben sind. The invention relates to a battery module with a plurality of battery cells, which are formed substantially plate-like and surrounded by a foam structure.

Bei Batterien, die insbesondere in Fahrzeugen beispielsweise für deren Antrieb eingesetzt werden, ist es notwendig, die üblicherweise empfindlichen Batteriezellen vor mechanischer Beschädigung zu schützen. So beschreibt die EP 0 631 338 AI eine Batterie mit einem Batteriegehäuse, in dem eine Vielzahl von Batteriezellen untergebracht sind, wobei das Batteriegehäuse aus einer Kunststoffschaumstruktur gefertigt ist. In batteries, which are used in particular in vehicles, for example, for their drive, it is necessary to protect the usually sensitive battery cells from mechanical damage. Thus, EP 0 631 338 A1 describes a battery having a battery housing, in which a plurality of battery cells are accommodated, wherein the battery housing is made of a plastic foam structure.

In der US 2007/259258 AI ist eine Batterieanordnung beschrieben, die ebenfalls aus einer Vielzahl von Batteriemodulen mit einzelnen Zellen besteht, wobei jedes Batteriemodul in dem Gehäuse eingeschäumt ist. In US 2007/259258 AI a battery assembly is described, which also consists of a plurality of battery modules with individual cells, each battery module is foamed in the housing.

Im Fall eines Defektes einer oder mehrerer Batteriezellen in einem Batteriemodul bzw. einer Batterie kann es zu einem Austritt gasförmiger Stoffe kommen, die üblicherweise über eine Entlüftungsventil im Gehäuse der Batterie entweichen können. Eine Entweichung dieser Gase ist notwendig, um die Ausbildung eines Überdrucks und damit eines unkontrollierten Berstens des Batteriegehäuses zu vermeiden. Die EP 1 717 884 Bl offenbart hierfür ein Entlüftungsventil für Säurebatterien. Derartige Ventile sind jedoch im Fall von eingeschäumten Batteriezellen nicht bzw. nur im Bereich des Batteriegehäuses selbst einsetzbar, während die Schaumstruktur um die Batteriezelle herum weiterhin unkontrolliert aufreißen kann. In the case of a defect of one or more battery cells in a battery module or a battery, there may be an escape of gaseous substances, which can usually escape via a vent valve in the housing of the battery. An escape of these gases is necessary to avoid the formation of an overpressure and thus an uncontrolled bursting of the battery case. EP 1 717 884 B1 discloses a vent valve for acid batteries for this purpose. However, in the case of foamed-in battery cells, such valves can not be used or can only be used in the area of the battery housing itself, while the foam structure around the battery cell can continue to rupture in an uncontrolled manner.

Alternativ hierzu beschreibt die EP 2 685 527 AI eine Sollbruchstelle in einem Gehäuse, indem zwei Batteriezellen untergebracht sind. Im Fall einer defekten Batteriezelle kann der entstehende Überdruck über diese Sollbruchstelle entweichen. Nachteilig an dieser Lösung ist, dass sich das entweichende Gas in dem gesamten Gehäuse ausbreitet, bevor die Sollbruchstelle aufbricht, wodurch gegebenenfalls andere, ebenfalls im Gehäuse befindliche Elemente in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden können. Alternatively, EP 2 685 527 AI describes a predetermined breaking point in a housing by two battery cells are housed. In the case of a defective battery cell, the resulting overpressure can escape via this predetermined breaking point. A disadvantage of this solution is that the escaping gas spreads throughout the housing before breaking the predetermined breaking point, which may possibly other elements also located in the housing can be affected.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung einen verbesserten Batterieaufbau mit eingeschäumten Batteriezellen zur Verfügung zu stellen, der ein kontrolliertes Entlassen von Überdruck aus der Batterie ermöglicht. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Schaumstoffstruktur zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle, wobei jeder Batteriezelle zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle in der Schaumstoffstruktur zugeordnet ist. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved battery structure with foamed battery cells available, which allows a controlled release of excess pressure from the battery. This object is achieved in that the foam structure at least one predetermined breaking point, wherein each battery cell is associated with at least one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure.

Erfindungsgemäß ist besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass jeder Batteriezelle jeweils zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle der Schaumstoffstruktur zugeordnet ist, sodass die Anzahl an Sollbruchstellen mindestens der Anzahl an Batteriezellen entspricht. According to the invention, it is particularly preferably provided that each battery cell is assigned at least one predetermined breaking point of the foam structure, so that the number of predetermined breaking points corresponds at least to the number of battery cells.

Über diese zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle, die bevorzugterweise als Materialverdünnung in der Schaumstoffstruktur ausgebildet ist, kann auf kontrollierte Weise austretendes Gas oder Überdruck bei einer Fehlfunktion und/oder eine Defekt zumindest einer oder mehrerer Batteriezellen in die Umgebung kontrolliert abgelassen werden, ohne dass die gesamte Schaumstoffstruktur ihre Funktion, nämlich den Schutz der zumindest einen Batteriezelle vor mechanischen Beschädigungen, verliert. Ein weiterer Vorteil des kontrollierten Ablassens ist, dass die Sollbruchstelle an einer Stelle angebracht werden kann, an der das ausströmende Gas keine weiteren Beschädigungen an der Umgebung anrichten kann, bzw. das Gas beispielsweise über einen Sammelkanal abgeführt werden kann. About this at least one predetermined breaking point, which is preferably designed as a dilution of material in the foam structure can be drained in a controlled manner escaping gas or pressure in case of malfunction and / or a defect at least one or more battery cells in the environment without the entire foam structure their Function, namely the protection of at least one battery cell from mechanical damage loses. Another advantage of the controlled discharge is that the predetermined breaking point can be mounted at a location where the outflowing gas can cause no further damage to the environment, or the gas can be removed for example via a collecting channel.

Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei, dass die zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle der Schaumstoffstruktur im jeweiligen Bereich einer Schwachstelle der Batteriezelle angeordnet ist. Unter Schwachstelle wird im Rahmen dieser Offenbarung jener Bereich einer Batteriezelle verstanden, in dem im Fall einer Fehlfunktion der Batteriezelle ein Austritt von Gas vermehrt oder auch gewollt, beispielsweise in Form einer Sollbruchstelle in der Batteriehülle, auftritt. It is particularly preferred here that the at least one predetermined breaking point of the foam structure is arranged in the respective region of a weak point of the battery cell. A weak point in the context of this disclosure is understood to mean that region of a battery cell in which, in the event of a malfunction of the battery cell, an escape of gas increases or also intentionally occurs, for example in the form of a predetermined breaking point in the battery casing.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist die Materialverdünnung in der Schaumstoffstruktur im Bereich eines, oder zwischen zwei Zellkontakten zumindest einer Batteriezelle angeordnet. Prismatische Zellen haben oft in diesem Bereich eine Sollbruchstelle, an der gegebenenfalls das Gas aus dem Zellinneren entweicht. Ist die Sollbruchstelle der Zelle an anderer Stelle angeordnet, kann es zielführend sein, auch die Materialverdünnung in der Schaumstoffstruktur in diesem Bereich fern der Zellkontakte zu positionieren. Die Zellkontakte der zumindest einen Batteriezelle ragen üblicherweise in den Bereich eines Gehäusedeckels des Batteriegehäuses, wo auch gewöhnlich Entlüftungseinrichtungen, wie Entlüftungsmembrane, Entlüftungskanäle oder Ventile angeordnet sind. Somit kann auf kurzem Wege ein allfälliger Überdruck aus dem Batteriegehäuse kontrolliert abgeleitet werden. Ist erfindungsgemäß kein separates Gehäuse vorhanden, dass heißt die äußere Begrenzung des Batteriemoduls ist ebenfalls eine Schaumstoffschichtschicht, so muss die Sollbruchstelle in dieser Schaumstoffschicht an einer Stelle im Fahrzeug positioniert sein, an der ein gefahrloses Entgasen möglich ist. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the material dilution in the foam structure is arranged in the region of, or between two cell contacts of at least one battery cell. Prismatic cells often have a predetermined breaking point in this area, at which the gas possibly escapes from the cell interior. If the predetermined breaking point of the cell is arranged elsewhere, it may be expedient to also position the material dilution in the foam structure in this area away from the cell contacts. The cell contacts of the at least one battery cell usually protrude into the region of a housing cover of the battery housing, where also usually venting devices, such as venting membranes, venting channels or valves are arranged. Thus, a possible overpressure can be derived in a controlled manner from the battery housing in a controlled manner. If, according to the invention, there is no separate housing, that is to say that the outer boundary of the battery module is likewise a layer of foam layer, the predetermined breaking point must be in this case Foam layer be positioned at a point in the vehicle at which a safe degassing is possible.

Des Weiteren ist bevorzugterweise vorgesehen, dass in der Schaumstoffstruktur unterschiedliche Einbauten, insbesondere Kühlleitungen, Wärmeleitbleche, elektrische Leitungen, elektrische und mechanische Anschlusselemente, Sensoren und/oder Steuerungselemente angeordnet sind. Somit sind diese Einbauten ebenfalls von der Schaumstoffstruktur umhüllt und gegen mechanische Beanspruchungen geschützt. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that different internals, in particular cooling lines, heat conducting plates, electrical lines, electrical and mechanical connection elements, sensors and / or control elements are arranged in the foam structure. Thus, these internals are also enveloped by the foam structure and protected against mechanical stress.

Der Betrieb von Batteriemodulen erfordert häufig eine Temperierung der zumindest einen Batteriezelle, diese Temperierung kann sowohl ein Erwärmen als auch ein Abkühlen der Umgebung der Batteriezelle umfassen. In einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung ist deshalb vorgesehen, dass die Schaumstoffstruktur zumindest einen Kanal mit einer Kanalwand aufweist, und die zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle im Bereich der Kanalwand angeordnet ist. Hierbei dient der Kanal der Aufnahme eines Temperierungselements, zum Beispiel einer Kühlleitung . Ist nun beispielsweise diese Kühlleitung defekt, so kann austretende Kühlflüssigkeit kontrolliert aus dem Kanal in der Schaumstoffstruktur abgeleitet werden Der Drainagekanal kann während des Schäumvorgangs einer Einheit entstehen oder beispielsweise durch das Zusammensetzen mehrerer Schaumteile gebildet werden. The operation of battery modules often requires a temperature control of the at least one battery cell, this temperature control may include both heating and cooling the environment of the battery cell. In a further embodiment of the invention, it is therefore provided that the foam structure has at least one channel with a channel wall, and that at least one predetermined breaking point is arranged in the region of the channel wall. In this case, the channel serves to receive a temperature control element, for example a cooling line. If, for example, this cooling line is defective, leaking cooling liquid can be discharged in a controlled manner from the channel in the foam structure. The drainage channel can arise during the foaming process of a unit or be formed, for example, by the assembly of several foam parts.

In einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Schaumstoffstruktur zumindest zwei Schaumstoffschichten mit unterschiedlichen mechanischen, physikalischen und/oder chemischen Eigenschaften aufweist. So weist beispielsweise in einer ersten Ausführung der Erfindung die Schaumstoffstruktur eine erste Schaumschicht auf, die zumindest eine Batteriezelle zur Gänze umschließt, und vorzugsweise brandhemmende Eigenschaften aufweist. Diese brandhemmende Eigenschaft kann beispielsweise dadurch erzielt werden, dass das zur Herstellung der Schaumstoffstruktur notwendige Treibmittel beim Einschäumen der Batteriezelle durch ein brandhemmendes Gas oder durch ein Schutzgas ersetzt wird . Ebenso verhindert die Einschäumung der Batteriezellen unter Schutzgasatmosphäre Lufteinschlüsse, die im Falle einer Fehlfunktion brandunterstützend wirken können. Alternativ hierzu kann vorgesehen sein, dass die erste Schaumschicht derart ausgebildet ist, dass diese im Brandfall selbst ein Schutzgas oder andere brandhemmende Stoffe freisetzt. In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the foam structure has at least two foam layers with different mechanical, physical and / or chemical properties. Thus, for example, in a first embodiment of the invention, the foam structure has a first foam layer, which encloses at least one battery cell in its entirety, and preferably has fire-retardant properties. This fire-retarding property can be achieved, for example, by replacing the blowing agent necessary for producing the foam structure during foaming of the battery cell by a fire-retardant gas or by an inert gas. Likewise, the foaming of the battery cells under a protective gas atmosphere prevents air pockets, which can have a fire-supporting effect in the event of a malfunction. Alternatively, it can be provided that the first foam layer is designed such that it releases a protective gas or other fire-retardant substances in case of fire.

In einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung ist als zweite Schaumstoffschicht eine Schicht vorgesehen, die gegebenenfalls eine höhere Dichte als die erste Schaumstoffschicht aufweist, und vorzugsweise als tragende Schicht für unterschiedliche Einbauten ausgebildet ist. Diese zweite Schaumstoffschicht, die üb- licherweise auch eine höhere Dicke als die erste Schaumstoffschicht aufweist, zeichnet sich insbesondere durch ihre mechanische Stabilität aus, die die Aufnahme von unterschiedlichen Einbauten erlaubt. In a further embodiment of the invention, a layer is provided as the second foam layer, which optionally has a higher density than the first foam layer, and is preferably designed as a load-bearing layer for different installations. This second foam layer, the Licher way also has a greater thickness than the first foam layer is characterized in particular by their mechanical stability, which allows the inclusion of different internals.

Oft ist das Temperaturmanagement von eingeschäumten Batteriemodulen, insbesondere bei Mehrschichtaufbauten, eine Herausforderung, um zu verhindern, dass die Batteriezellen im Betrieb überhitzen und insbesondere in Brand geraten. Daher ist in einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass zwischen erster Schaumstoffschicht und zweiter Schaumstoffschicht eine weitere, dritte Schaumstoffschicht angeordnet ist, die einen besseren Wärmeübergang zwischen diesen beiden Schaumstoffschichten erlaubt. Often, the temperature management of foamed-in battery modules, especially in multi-layer structures, is a challenge to prevent the battery cells from overheating during operation and in particular catching fire. Therefore, it is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that between the first foam layer and the second foam layer, a further, third foam layer is arranged, which allows a better heat transfer between these two foam layers.

In einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung ist eine zusätzliche äußere, vierte Schicht angeschlossen, die dem EMV-Schutz dient, und bevorzugterweise eine Dampfsperre aufweist. In a further embodiment of the invention, an additional outer fourth layer is connected, which serves the EMC protection, and preferably has a vapor barrier.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung sind die zumindest zwei Schaumschichten voneinander trennbar um die zumindest eine Batteriezelle angeordnet. Durch die Trennbarkeit der zumindest beiden Schaumschichten voneinander bzw. von einzelnen Zellen kann insbesondere beim Recyceln des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls eine einfachere Auftrennung der einzelnen Bestandteile erfolgen. Diese Trennbarkeit ist beispielsweise derart ausgebildet, dass eine Reißleine mit zumindest einer freiliegenden Öse in die Schaumstoffstruktur integriert ist. Soll die Schaumstoffschicht entfernen werden, so wird die geschlossene Schaumstoffstruktur mit Hilfe der Reißleine entzwei gerissen, und die dabei entstehenden Teile können anschließend abgehoben werden. Ebenso können Markierungen an Stellen vorgesehen sein, an denen eine mechanische Bearbeitung zur Trennung der Schaumstoffstruktur gefahrlos möglich ist. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least two foam layers are arranged separable from each other around the at least one battery cell. Due to the separability of the at least two foam layers from one another or from individual cells, in particular when recycling the battery module according to the invention, a simpler separation of the individual components can take place. This separability is for example designed such that a ripcord is integrated with at least one exposed eyelet in the foam structure. If the foam layer is to be removed, the closed foam structure is torn in half by means of the ripcord, and the resulting parts can then be lifted off. Likewise, markings may be provided at locations where mechanical processing to separate the foam structure is safely possible.

Werden mehrere Schaumschichten um die zumindest eine Batteriezelle angeordnet, kann zur besseren Verbindung der einzelnen Schichten vorgesehen sein, dass die zumindest eine erste Schaumstoffschicht eine zumindest teilweise strukturierte Oberfläche aufweist, die komplementär zu einer zumindest teilweise strukturierten Oberfläche der angrenzenden zweiten Schaumstoffschicht ausgebildet ist. Diese strukturierten Oberflächen können hier insbesondere als Verzahnungen ausgebildet sein. Ist die Verzahnungsgeometrie nur in einer Richtung, zum Beispiel in der z-Achse, ausgebildet, können die einzelnen Schichten durch ein Verschieben gegeneinander in diese Richtung wieder voneinander getrennt werden. If a plurality of foam layers are arranged around the at least one battery cell, it can be provided for better connection of the individual layers that the at least one first foam layer has an at least partially structured surface that is complementary to an at least partially structured surface of the adjacent second foam layer. These structured surfaces can be designed here in particular as toothings. If the toothing geometry is formed only in one direction, for example in the z-axis, the individual layers can be separated from one another again by displacement relative to one another in this direction.

Auch Kombinationen aus Verzahnung und Reißleine können vorgesehen sein. Im Folgenden wird anhand von nicht-einschränkenden Ausführungsbeispielen mit zugehörigen Figuren die Erfindung näher erläutert. Darin zeigen Combinations of toothing and ripcord can be provided. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to non-limiting exemplary embodiments with associated figures. Show in it

Fig. 1 ein erfindungsgemäßes Batteriemodul in einer Längsschnittansicht mit mehreren Batteriezellen, die von einer Schaumstoffstruktur umgeben sind, 1 shows a battery module according to the invention in a longitudinal sectional view with a plurality of battery cells, which are surrounded by a foam structure,

Figs. 2 und 3 eine erste Ausführung der Erfindung in einer Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A-A aus Fig . 1 und Figs. 2 and 3 show a first embodiment of the invention in a sectional view along the line A-A of FIG. 1 and

Fig. 4 und 5 weitere Ausführungen der Erfindung in einer Schnittansicht analog zu den Figs. 2 und 3, 4 and 5 further embodiments of the invention in a sectional view analogous to Figs. 2 and 3,

Figs. 6 und 7 Detailansichten einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, und Figs. 6 and 7 show detailed views of a further embodiment of the invention, and

Fig. 8a, 8b, 8c Detailansichten einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung mit einer integrierte Reißleine zum Trennen der Schaumstoffstruktur. 8a, 8b, 8c detailed views of another embodiment of the invention with an integrated ripcord for separating the foam structure.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Batteriemodul 100 mit einem Stapel bestehend aus mehreren Batteriezellen 101, 101a in einem Längsschnitt. Je nach Zelltyp und Verschaltung der Batteriezellen 101, 101a miteinander sind diese beispielsweise abwechselnd um 180° verdreht angeordnet. Der Zellstapel ist erfindungsgemäß von einer Schaumstoffstruktur 110 umgeben. 1 shows a battery module 100 according to the invention with a stack consisting of a plurality of battery cells 101, 101a in a longitudinal section. Depending on the cell type and interconnection of the battery cells 101, 101a with each other, for example, these are alternately rotated by 180 °. The cell stack is surrounded according to the invention by a foam structure 110.

In Fig. 2 und Fig . 3 ist das erfindungsgemäßes Batteriemodul 100 in einer Schnittansicht entlang der Schnittlinie A-A aus der Fig. 1 gezeigt. Die Schaumstoffstruktur 110 umschließt die im Wesentlichen prismatisch ausgebildete Batteriezelle 101 mit einem Zellkontakt 102 und verfügt im Bereich des Zellkontakts 102 über eine Materialverdünnung 111 mit einer geringeren Wandstärke d als die übrige Schaumstoffstruktur 110. Erfindungsgemäß ist diese Sollbruchstelle der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 im Bereich einer Schwachstelle der Batteriezelle 101, wie sie beispielsweise durch den Zellkontakt 102 oder den ihn umgebenden Bereich der Batteriezelle 101 gebildet sein kann, angeordnet. Die gezeigte Sollbruchstelle der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 ist der Schwachstelle der Batteriezelle 101 zugeordnet. Hierdurch kann vorteilhaft gewährleistet werden, dass in einem Schadensfall, bei dem Gas aus der Batteriezelle 101 austritt, die Sollbruchstelle der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 aufbricht, bevor sich das austretende Gas der Batteriezelle 101 unnötig weiter ausbreitet und andere Elemente schädigt. Als Schwachstelle der Batteriezelle 101 wird jener Bereich der Batteriezelle 101 bezeichnet, der sich im Schadensfall öffnet. Dies kann bewusst so vorgesehen oder aus Erfahrungen bekannt sein. Alternativ kann eine Zuordnung einer Sollbruchstelle der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 zu einer Schwachstelle der Batteriezelle 101 auch dadurch erfolgen, dass die Sollbruchstelle nicht unmittelbar im Bereich der Schwachstelle angeordnet ist, sondern beispielsweise das aus der Batteriezelle austretende Gas durch einen Kanal direkt zur Sollbruchstelle geleitet wird . Somit kann insbesondere eine Sollbruchstelle mehreren Schwachstellen der Batteriezelle 101 zugeordnet sein. Ebenso ist es vorteilhafterweise auch möglich, eine Schwachstelle mehreren Sollbruchstellen zuzuordnen. In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the battery module 100 according to the invention is shown in a sectional view along the section line AA in FIG. 1. The foam structure 110 encloses the essentially prismatic battery cell 101 with a cell contact 102 and has in the region of the cell contact 102 a material thinner 111 with a smaller wall thickness d than the remaining foam structure 110. According to the invention, this predetermined breaking point of the foam structure 110 is in the region of a weak point of the battery cell 101, as may be formed, for example, by the cell contact 102 or the surrounding area of the battery cell 101. The illustrated breaking point of the foam structure 110 is assigned to the weak point of the battery cell 101. In this way, it can be advantageously ensured that, in the event of a damage in which gas escapes from the battery cell 101, the predetermined breaking point of the foam structure 110 breaks up before the escaping gas of the battery cell 101 spreads out unnecessarily and damages other elements. The weak point of the battery cell 101 is that region of the battery cell 101 which opens in the event of damage. This may be deliberately provided or known from experience. Alternatively, an assignment of a predetermined breaking point of the foam structure 110 to a weak point of the battery cell 101 can also take place in that the predetermined breaking point is not arranged directly in the region of the weak point, but, for example, the gas emerging from the battery cell is passed through a channel directly to the predetermined breaking point. Thus, in particular, a predetermined breaking point can be assigned to a plurality of weak points of the battery cell 101. Likewise, it is advantageously also possible to assign a weak point to a plurality of predetermined breaking points.

Tritt nun ein Defekt 103, also ein Schadensfall an der Batteriezelle 101 auf, bei dem es zu einer Entgasung kommt, so bildet die Materialverdünnung 111 eine Sollbruchstelle, die auf Grund des entstehenden Überdrucks aufreißt (Fig . 3). Dabei wird das austretende Gas in dieser Ausführung der Erfindung einen Kanal 112 geleitet und anschließend aus dem Batteriegehäuse beispielsweise über eine Überdruckeinrichtung wie ein Entlüftungsventil abgeleitet (nicht dargestellt). If a defect 103, that is to say a defect on the battery cell 101, in which degassing occurs, then the dilution of material 111 forms a predetermined breaking point which tears because of the resulting overpressure (FIG. 3). In this case, the escaping gas is passed in this embodiment of the invention, a channel 112 and then derived from the battery case, for example via an overpressure device such as a vent valve (not shown).

Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen beispielhaft weitere zwei unterschiedliche Varianten von Zellkontaktanordnungen mit unterschiedlichen Positionen der Zellschwachstellen. Bei der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Batteriezelle 101 sind die Zellkontakte 102, 102a nebeneinander angeordnet. Die Schwachstelle der Batteriezelle 101, auch Ventilöffnung genannt, ist bei dieser Art von Batteriezellen oft zwischen den Zellkontakten 102, 102a situiert. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Aufbrechens des Zellmantels im Schadensfall ist an dieser Stelle am höchsten. Die Materialverdünnung 111 der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 über dieser Schwachstelle erhöht die Wahrscheinlichkeit noch weiter, weil die Batteriezelle an allen anderen Stellen in einer dickeren und somit stabileren Schaumstoffstruktur 110 eingebettet ist. FIGS. 4 and 5 show by way of example further two different variants of cell contact arrangements with different positions of the cell weak points. In the case of the battery cell 101 shown in FIG. 4, the cell contacts 102, 102a are arranged next to one another. The weak point of the battery cell 101, also called valve opening, is often situated between the cell contacts 102, 102a in this type of battery cell. The probability of breaking the cell wall in case of damage is highest at this point. The material dilution 111 of the foam structure 110 over this weak point further increases the probability because the battery cell is embedded in all other places in a thicker and thus more stable foam structure 110.

Die Batteriezelle 101 in Fig . 5 hat einander gegenüberliegende Zellkontakte 102, 102a. Die Schwachstelle ist hier meist neben einem oder beiden Zellkontakten 102, 102a. Entsprechend sind hier auch eine oder mehrere Materialverdünnungen 111, l i la, 111b, 111c im Bereich der Zellkontakte 102, 102a vorgesehen. The battery cell 101 in FIG. 5 has opposing cell contacts 102, 102a. The weak point here is usually next to one or both cell contacts 102, 102a. Accordingly, one or more material dilutions 111, 11 a, 111 b, 111 c are also provided in the region of the cell contacts 102, 102 a.

Durch die Zuordnung zumindest einer Sollbruchstelle in der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 zu jeder Batteriezelle 101 wird in vorteilhafter Weise gewährleistet, dass unabhängig davon, in welcher Batteriezelle 101 ein Schadensfall eintritt - die Batteriezelle 101 also entgast - eine Sollbruchstelle in der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 aufreißt. Dies wird insbesondere dadurch erreicht, dass mindestens eine Sollbruchstelle der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 im jeweiligen Bereich einer Schwachstelle der Batteriezelle 101 angeordnet ist. Hierbei kann vorteilhaftweise zum Einen vorgesehen sein, dass sich eine Sollbruchstelle in der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 über die Schwachstellen mehrerer Batteriezellen 101 erstreckt und somit jeweils im Bereich der Schwachstellen angeordnet und dieser zugeordnet ist, oder zum Anderen, dass voneinander getrennte Sollbruchstellen in der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 vorgesehen sind, die dann jeweils im Bereich der Schwachstelle der jeweiligen Batteriezelle 101 angeordnet und diesen zugeordnet sind . Weist eine Batteriezelle 101 mehrere Schwachstellen auf - wie beispielsweise im Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 5 gezeigt - so sind dieser Batteriezelle 101 mehrere Sollbruchstellen in der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 zugeordnet. By assigning at least one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure 110 to each battery cell 101 is ensured in an advantageous manner that irrespective of which battery cell 101 a damage occurs - the battery cell 101 so degassed - a breaking point in the foam structure 110 tears. This is achieved in particular in that at least one predetermined breaking point of the foam structure 110 is arranged in the respective region of a weak point of the battery cell 101. In this case, it can advantageously be provided on the one hand that a predetermined breaking point in the foam structure 110 extends over the weak points of a plurality of battery cells 101 and is thus arranged in the region of the weak points and assigned thereto, or on the other hand that separate predetermined breaking points in the foam structure 110 are provided , which are then each arranged in the region of the weak point of the respective battery cell 101 and associated with these. If a battery cell 101 has a plurality of weak points, as shown for example in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 5, then a plurality of predetermined breaking points in the foam structure 110 are assigned to this battery cell 101.

Erfindungsgemäß ergeben sich also die folgenden Varianten, die auch kombiniert werden können : a) eine einzige Sollbruchstelle in der Schaumstoffstruktur 110, die der Schwachstelle mehrerer Batteriezellen 101 zugeordnet ist, oder b) jeweils eine Sollbruchstelle in der Schaumstoffstruktur 110, die der Schwachstelle jeweils einer Batteriezelle 101 zugeordnet ist, oder c) zwei oder mehr Sollbruchstellen in der Schaumstoffstruktur 110, die zwei oder mehr Schwachstellen mehrerer Batteriezellen 101 zugeordnet sind, oder d) jeweils eine Sollbruchstelle in der Schaumstoffstruktur 110, die den Schwachstellen jeweils einer Batteriezelle 101 zugeordnet ist, wobei die Anzahl der Sollbruchstellen der Anzahl Schwachstellen aller Batteriezellen 101 entspricht. According to the invention, therefore, the following variants are possible, which can also be combined: a) a single predetermined breaking point in the foam structure 110 which is assigned to the weak point of several battery cells 101, or b) one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure 110, that of the weak point of each battery cell 101, or c) two or more predetermined breaking points in the foam structure 110 which are associated with two or more weak points of a plurality of battery cells 101, or d) one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure 110 which is associated with each of the weak points of a battery cell 101, wherein the Number of predetermined breaking points corresponds to the number of weak points of all battery cells 101.

In den Fig. 6 und Fig . 7 ist wiederum in einer Detailansicht eine Batteriezelle 101 mit einer sie umgebenden Schaumstoffstruktur 110 dargestellt, wobei innerhalb der Schaumstoffstruktur 110 eine Kühlmittelleitung 120 verläuft. Ist nun diese Kühlmittelleitung 120 defekt, und tritt ein Kühlmittel 121 durch den Defekt 103 aus, so wird es über den Kanal 112 abgeleitet, und an geeigneter Stelle außerhalb des Batteriemoduls 100 bzw. der Batterie abgeführt. In FIGS. 6 and FIG. 7, a battery cell 101 with a surrounding foam structure 110 is again shown in a detailed view, wherein a coolant line 120 extends within the foam structure 110. If now this coolant line 120 is defective, and a coolant 121 exits through the defect 103, it is discharged via the channel 112 and discharged at a suitable location outside the battery module 100 or the battery.

In den Figs. 8a bis 8c ist in einer schematischen Darstellung eine Reißleine 130 gezeigt, die in die Schaumstoffstruktur 110 eingebettet ist (Fig. 8a). Durch Herausziehen der Reißleine 130 (Fig. 8b) wird die Schaumstoffstruktur 110 in zwei Teile (Fig . 8c) geteilt, die in der Folge abgenommen werden können. Damit wird die Schaumstoffstruktur 110 bei Bedarf an den hierfür vorgesehen Stellen geteilt und die Batteriezellen 101 können auf einfache Weise entnommen werden. Es versteht sich, dass die vorliegende Erfindung nicht auf die oben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele begrenzt ist. Insbesondere kann die Anzahl sowie Anordnung der zumindest einen Sollbruchstelle in der Schaumstoffstruktur unterschiedlich ausgeführt sein. In Figs. 8a-8c is a schematic illustration of a ripcord 130 embedded in the foam structure 110 (FIG. 8a). By pulling the ripcord 130 (Figure 8b), the foam structure 110 is divided into two parts (Figure 8c), which can be removed in sequence. Thus, the foam structure 110 is divided if necessary at the sites provided for this purpose and the battery cells 101 can be removed in a simple manner. It is understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. In particular, the number and arrangement of the at least one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure can be designed differently.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Batteriemodul (100) mit einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen (101, 101a), die im Wesentlichen plattenartig ausgebildet und von einer Schaumstoffstruktur (110) umgeben sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle aufweist, wobei jeder Batteriezelle (101, 101a) zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle in der Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) zugeordnet ist. 1. battery module (100) having a multiplicity of battery cells (101, 101a) which are essentially plate-like and surrounded by a foam structure (110), characterized in that the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) has at least one predetermined breaking point, wherein each battery cell (101, 101a) is associated with at least one predetermined breaking point in the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b). 2. Batteriemodul (100) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Batteriezelle (101, 101a) jeweils mindestens eine Sollbruchstelle der Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) zugeordnet ist, sodass die Anzahl an Sollbruchstellen mindestens der Anzahl an Batteriezellen (101, 101a) entspricht. 2. Battery module (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that each battery cell (101, 101a) in each case at least one predetermined breaking point of the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) is assigned, so that the number of predetermined breaking points at least the number of battery cells (101, 101, 101a). 3. Batteriemodul (100) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle der Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) im jeweiligen Bereich einer Schwachstelle der Batteriezelle (101, 101a) angeordnet ist. 3. Battery module (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one predetermined breaking point of the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) in the respective region of a weak point of the battery cell (101, 101a) is arranged. 4. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, d ad u rch ge ke n n ze ich net, dass die Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle als Materialverdünnung (111, l i la, 111b, 111c) in der Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) ausgebildet ist. 4. battery module (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, d ad u rch ge ke nn ze ze I net that the foam structure (110, 110 a, 110 b) at least one predetermined breaking point as material dilution (111, li la, 111 b, 111 c) in the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) is formed. 5. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Materialverdünnung (111, l i la, 111b, 111c) in der Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) im Bereich zumindest eines Zellkontakts (102, 102a) zumindest einer Batteriezelle (101, 101a) angeordnet ist. 5. Battery module (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the material dilution (111, la, 111b, 111c) in the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) in the region of at least one cell contact (102, 102a) at least one battery cell (101, 101 a) is arranged. 6. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) unterschiedliche Einbauten, insbesondere Kühlleitungen, Wärmeleitbleche, elektrische Leitungen, elektrische und mechanische Anschlusselemente, Sensoren und/oder Steuerungselemente angeordnet sind . 6. Battery module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that arranged in the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) different internals, in particular cooling lines, Wärmeleitbleche, electrical lines, electrical and mechanical connection elements, sensors and / or control elements are . 7. Batteriemodul (100) einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) zumindest einen Kanal (102, 102a) mit einer Kanalwand aufweist, und die zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle im Bereich der Kanalwand angeordnet ist. 7. battery module (100) one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) at least one channel (102, 102a) having a channel wall, and which is arranged at least one predetermined breaking point in the region of the channel wall , 8. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) zumindest zwei Schaumstoffschichten mit unterschiedlichen mechanischen, physikalischen und/oder chemischen Eigenschaften aufweist. 8. Battery module (100) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) has at least two foam layers with different mechanical, physical and / or chemical properties. 9. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) eine erste Schaumschicht aufweist, die zumindest eine Batteriezelle (101, 101a) zur Gänze umschließt, und vorzugsweise brandhemmende Eigenschaften aufweist. 9. Battery module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) has a first foam layer, the at least one battery cell (101, 101a) completely encloses, and preferably has fire-retardant properties , 10. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) eine zweite Schaumstoffschicht aufweist, die vorzugsweise als tragende Schicht für unterschiedliche Einbauten ausgebildet ist. 10. Battery module (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) has a second foam layer, which is preferably formed as a supporting layer for different installations. 11. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen erster Schaumstoffschicht und zweiter Schaumstoffschicht eine weitere Schaumstoffschicht angeordnet ist, die einem besseren Wärmeübergang dient. 11. Battery module (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that between the first foam layer and second foam layer, a further foam layer is arranged, which serves a better heat transfer. 12. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich eine äußere Schicht an die zweite Schaumstoffschicht anschließt, die dem EMV-Schutz dient, und bevorzugterweise eine Dampfsperre aufweist. 12. battery module (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in addition an outer layer connects to the second foam layer, which serves the EMC protection, and preferably has a vapor barrier. 13. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zumindest zwei Schaumstoffschichten voneinander trennbar um die zumindest eine Batteriezelle (101, 101a) angeordnet sind . 13. Battery module (100) according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the at least two foam layers are arranged separable from each other around the at least one battery cell (101, 101a). 14. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zumindest eine erste Schaumstoffschicht eine zumindest teilweise strukturierte Oberfläche aufweist, die komplementär zu einer zumindest teilweise strukturierten Oberfläche der angrenzenden zweiten Schaumstoffschicht ausgebildet ist. 14. Battery module (100) according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the at least one first foam layer has an at least partially structured surface which is complementary to an at least partially structured surface of the adjacent second foam layer. 15. Batteriemodul (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Reißleine (130) mit zumindest einer freiliegenden Öse in der Schaumstoffstruktur (110, 110a, 110b) integriert ist. 15. Battery module (100) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a ripcord (130) with at least one exposed eyelet in the foam structure (110, 110a, 110b) is integrated. 2014 01 27 2014 01 27 Ha Ha
PCT/EP2015/051542 2014-01-28 2015-01-27 Battery module Ceased WO2015113946A1 (en)

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ATA50054/2014A AT515312B1 (en) 2014-01-28 2014-01-28 battery module
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CN106233495B (en) 2020-07-03
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CN106233495A (en) 2016-12-14

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