WO2013023434A1 - 二冲程往复活塞式燃汽发动机 - Google Patents
二冲程往复活塞式燃汽发动机 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013023434A1 WO2013023434A1 PCT/CN2012/001055 CN2012001055W WO2013023434A1 WO 2013023434 A1 WO2013023434 A1 WO 2013023434A1 CN 2012001055 W CN2012001055 W CN 2012001055W WO 2013023434 A1 WO2013023434 A1 WO 2013023434A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- valve
- expansion
- piston
- combustion chamber
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/025—Adding water
- F02M25/03—Adding water into the cylinder or the pre-combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
- F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
- F02B33/06—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps
- F02B33/22—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps with pumping cylinder situated at side of working cylinder, e.g. the cylinders being parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
- F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M1/00—Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2700/00—Supplying, feeding or preparing air, fuel, fuel air mixtures or auxiliary fluids for a combustion engine; Use of exhaust gas; Compressors for piston engines
- F02M2700/43—Arrangements for supplying air, fuel or auxiliary fluids to a combustion space of mixture compressing engines working with liquid fuel
- F02M2700/4302—Arrangements for supplying air, fuel or auxiliary fluids to a combustion space of mixture compressing engines working with liquid fuel whereby air and fuel are sucked into the mixture conduit
- F02M2700/4321—Arrangements for supplying air, fuel or auxiliary fluids to a combustion space of mixture compressing engines working with liquid fuel whereby air and fuel are sucked into the mixture conduit working with fuel and admission of auxiliary fluids such as water, anti-knock agents, hydrogen, ozone or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine, and more particularly to a novel working method of a reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine.
- the composition of the known reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is generally mainly composed of the following systems: 1. Crank and connecting rod mechanism, body, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft flywheel, etc.; 1. Inlet, exhaust valve and camshaft, etc.; 3. Fuel supply system - fuel reserve tank, fuel delivery pump, vaporizer (or injector), etc.; 4. Lubrication system - lubricating oil passage, oil pump, filter Cleaner, valve, etc.; 5, cooling system one water tank, thermostat, water pump, fan, water jacket, etc.; 6, ignition system - battery, generator, distributor, ignition coil, spark plug, etc.; 7 starting system Motivation and so on.
- the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine can be classified into a four-stroke internal combustion engine and a two-stroke internal combustion engine according to the number of strokes required to complete one working cycle.
- the working cycle of the four-stroke internal combustion engine is: The intake stroke - the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, and the combustible gas (or air) is drawn into the cylinder; the compression stroke - the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, and will be combustible The gas (or air) is compressed; the power stroke is shifted from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, that is, when the piston approaches the top dead center, the spark plug is ignited (or the fuel injector sprays fuel into the cylinder), and the compressed flammable The gas is rapidly burned in the combustion chamber, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the combustion expands in the cylinder, and the piston is pushed from the top dead center to the bottom dead center; the exhaust stroke-one piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center,
- the working cycle of the two-stroke internal combustion engine is: The first stroke - the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the upper dead center. When the piston is lifted up to the air vent and the exhaust vent is closed, the mixture entering the cylinder is compressed. The compression stroke ends until the piston moves to the top dead center. In addition, when the piston is ascending, a certain degree of vacuum is formed due to the increase of the crankcase volume.
- the second stroke is a piston From the top dead center to the bottom dead center movement, when the piston ascends to the top dead center, the spark plug ignites the combustible mixture in the cylinder, and the high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the combustion of the combustible mixture pushes the piston from the top dead center to the bottom dead center. Movement, and drive the crankshaft to rotate outward to output power.
- the piston is down to block the intake port, the mixture of the crankcase continues to move forward as the piston continues to move down.
- the piston descends to the exhaust port. The burned exhaust gas is discharged to the cylinder through the exhaust port under its own pressure, and then the air exchange port is opened, and the pre-pressed mixed gas in the crankcase enters the cylinder through the air exchange port.
- a four-stroke internal combustion engine or a two-stroke internal combustion engine they are a method of directly combusting a combustible compressed gas which is formed by mixing a combustible substance such as gasoline or diesel with air, so that high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated when the combustible gas is burned is in the cylinder. Expand and push the piston from the top dead center down to the bottom dead center one by one.
- the biggest disadvantage of this method is that the high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the combustion of combustible gas are quickly discharged into the cylinder after being expanded once in the cylinder, and the heat utilization rate is very low, which causes great energy. The source is wasted, and it also seriously pollutes the living environment of human beings.
- the four-stroke internal combustion engine requires four working strokes and a relatively complicated gas distribution structure and water-cooling equipment in one working cycle, this further increases the loss of thermal energy. While the working principle and design structure of the two-stroke internal combustion engine are simpler than the four-stroke internal combustion engine, the mechanical loss of heat is relatively smaller than that of the four-stroke internal combustion engine, but due to its structural limitations, the actual utilization of thermal energy is not higher than that of the four-stroke internal combustion engine.
- the working temperature in the cylinders of the current four-stroke internal combustion engine and two-stroke internal combustion engine is as high as 2000 to 2500 degrees, the mechanical wear of the internal combustion engine is further accelerated, which seriously affects the service life of the internal combustion engine, and in order to cope with the high temperature of the internal combustion engine.
- the manufacturing cost is also relatively high.
- water injection into the engine cylinder is one of the modes, that is, the high temperature generated in the cylinder after the work of the engine is used to vaporize and expand the water, and Producing pressure pushes the pistons one by one.
- the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine water injection technology it can be summarized into the following two forms: First, in the process of internal combustion engine work, the piston is injected into the cylinder during the movement from the top dead center to the bottom dead center.
- the technical solution adopted by them is to spray water into the cylinder and use the high temperature in the cylinder to water Vaporization, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the working efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
- the difference is:
- the time for spraying water into the cylinder is selected after the start of the piston work stroke and before the knot * work stroke, which mainly utilizes the high temperature and high pressure in the cylinder.
- the gas causes the water to expand by heat to generate pressure, thereby assisting the piston in the cylinder to assist in pressurization.
- the time for spraying water into the cylinder is selected after the end of the piston work stroke, after the start of the piston compression stroke and before the end of the compression stroke, which mainly utilizes the cylinder, the piston, and the gas.
- the high temperature causes the water to be heated and expanded to generate pressure, so as to fully rely on the pressure generated by the water itself to expand and then push the piston to perform secondary work.
- the two water spray technical schemes due to the different time points of water injection into the cylinder, are inevitably each have their own different defects.
- the first type of water spray technology scheme is sprayed into the cylinder.
- the time point of water is in the stroke of the piston moving from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, so it can only inject a relatively large amount of water into the cylinder, otherwise it will affect the normal operation of the internal combustion engine, so its heat energy
- the use is also very limited.
- the water spray time of the first technical solution is in the power stroke, when the internal combustion engine is in a cold car and high speed operation, the technical solution is difficult to be effectively implemented.
- the second technical solution since the time when the technical solution sprays water into the cylinder occurs after the piston is finished, most of the heat energy generated by the combustion of the combustible gas is still directly discharged, and the utilization of the thermal energy is still in the cylinder. A small amount of residual heat energy.
- the heat energy generated by burning the combustible gas in the internal combustion engine is maximized, fully utilized and most effectively utilized, and the internal combustion engine is greatly reduced.
- Mechanical wear and manufacturing costs are required.
- the volume of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is reduced, the power of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is greatly improved, and the use range of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is further expanded.
- the invention provides a novel internal combustion engine working method and a novel engine one-two-stroke reciprocating piston type steam engine which implements the working method, and the engine completely and completely changes the conventional combustion method of the current reciprocating piston internal combustion engine and
- the mechanical structure, its new working method and structure can not only fully and effectively utilize the heat energy generated by the combustion of combustible gas, but also achieve the purpose of further energy conservation.
- the design of the one-cylinder multi-plug can further reduce the volume of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, and further improve the power of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine on the existing basis.
- the main components - the cylinder head of the compression cylinder is mainly composed of the intake and exhaust valves
- the valve is mainly composed of a valve and a spring
- the piston of the compression cylinder and the expansion cylinder is mainly composed of a seal ring groove, a seal ring, a piston pin and a piston pin seat hole, wherein the seal ring is installed in the seal ring groove, and the piston pin is installed in
- the connecting rod is mainly composed of a small connecting rod and a large connecting rod
- the crankshaft is mainly composed of a crankshaft main journal, a connecting rod journal and a crank arm
- the cylinder head of the expanding cylinder is mainly composed of an expansion chamber and a combustion chamber.
- the valve, the valve sleeve, the valve return spring, and the intake and exhaust valves are composed, wherein the inner shape of the expansion chamber and the combustion chamber are cylindrical, the expansion chamber and the combustion chamber are in communication with each other, and are designed on the same axial line, and are expanded.
- the diameter of the round mouth of the chamber is larger than the diameter of the round mouth of the combustion chamber.
- the valve is mainly composed of a valve stem, a straight seal ring groove of the valve stem, a seal ring of the valve stem, and a nut of the valve.
- the seal ring of the valve stem is installed on the valve stem.
- the valve stem is installed in the valve sleeve of the cylinder head, the valve return spring is mounted on the valve sleeve, and the valve nut is screwed to the valve stem
- the valve controls the opening and closing of the combustion chamber, and a water spout is arranged at the edge of the expansion chamber, and a spark plug, a fuel injector and a main intake passage are arranged on the edge or the top of the combustion chamber, and the intake and exhaust valves are mainly composed of a valve and a spring.
- the valve sleeve and the nut are composed of the spring, the spring is mounted on the valve body of the valve, the valve shaft is installed in the valve sleeve, the valve sleeve is supported by the bracket in the passage of the valve, and the nut is screwed to the valve rod
- the body is mainly composed of a compression cylinder, an expansion cylinder, a crankcase, and a crankshaft spindle journal seat, wherein an exhaust port is provided below the expansion cylinder, and the crankcase is provided with a combustion chamber intake and exhaust valve and a crankcase row.
- the valve, and a passage port; the crankcase cover is mainly composed of a chassis and a crankshaft spindle journal seat.
- the pistons are respectively installed in the compression cylinder and the expansion cylinder of the body, and the piston pin of the piston and the one end (small head) of the connecting rod are connected to each other, and the other end of the connecting rod (large head) and The connecting rod journals of the crankshaft are connected to each other, the crankcase cover is screwed together with the crankcase of the body, and the crankshaft is mounted on the crankshaft of the crankcase.
- the outside air of the engine also enters into the crankcase with the intake and exhaust valves of the crankcase.
- the gas pressure of the compression cylinder is greater than the spring pressure of the exhaust valve of the compression cylinder, the exhaust valve is opened by the gas pressure.
- the gas of the compression cylinder enters the combustion chamber, and the intake and exhaust switches of the combustion chamber are closed due to the increase of the gas pressure of the combustion chamber, and the expansion cylinder The gas is also compressed in the expansion chamber of the expansion cylinder.
- the water nozzle sprays an appropriate amount of water into the expansion chamber under the action of the low pressure water pump and the high pressure water pump to make the expansion chamber
- the high temperature and high pressure gas and the parts are cooled, and the water is rapidly vaporized and expanded when it encounters the high temperature and high pressure gas of the expansion chamber, and at the same time, the injector sprays an appropriate amount of fuel into the combustion chamber under the action of the low pressure oil pump and the high pressure oil pump. (gasoline, diesel, natural gas, etc.) mixed with air.
- the spark plug ignites the combustible mixture of the combustion chamber under the action of the ignition system.
- the high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the combustion of the combustible mixture pushes the valve of the combustion chamber away, and the expansion chamber Gas
- the body expands rapidly under the action of the high temperature and high pressure gas of the combustion chamber.
- the piston of the expansion cylinder and the compression cylinder reaches the top dead center, the first stroke ends.
- the piston of the expansion cylinder is under the action of high temperature and high pressure gas.
- the top dead center of the expansion cylinder moves to the bottom dead center, and the piston drives the crankshaft to rotate one by one.
- the piston of the expansion cylinder reaches below the exhaust port of the expansion cylinder, a part of the gas of the expansion cylinder passes through the exhaust of the expansion cylinder.
- the port is expelled from the expansion cylinder, and the remaining part of the gas remains in the expansion cylinder for the next stroke.
- the intake and exhaust valves of the combustion chamber are re-established due to the reduction of the gas pressure in the combustion chamber and the expansion cylinder.
- the intake valve of the compression cylinder is opened under the vacuum suction of the compression cylinder, and the air enters the compression cylinder from the intake valve, for the next The stroke is prepared; in addition, while the piston of the compression cylinder and the expansion cylinder is moved from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, the intake and exhaust valves of the crankcase are closed due to the smaller space of the crankcase, and the crankshaft is closed.
- the exhaust valve of the box is opened, and the air in the crankcase is exhausted out of the crankcase through the exhaust valve.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the basic structure of the __ two-stroke reciprocating piston type steam engine of the present invention
- Fig. 1 the intake valve of the compression cylinder, 2, the piston of the compression cylinder and the expansion cylinder, 3, the connecting rod, 4, the crankshaft, 5.
- Exhaust port of expansion cylinder 6.
- Sealing ring of compression cylinder and expansion cylinder piston 7.
- Water jet nozzle of expansion chamber 8.
- Valve of combustion chamber 9.
- Combustion Chamber spark plug 10, combustion chamber, 11, fuel injector nozzle, 12, compression cylinder exhaust valve, 13, expansion chamber, 14, compression cylinder, 15, crankcase exhaust valve, 16, the body, 17.
- Combustion chamber intake and exhaust valves of the crankcase 18.
- Crankshaft spindle journal seat of the crankcase cover 19.
- Crankcase cover 20. Crankshaft spindle journal seat of the crankcase cover, 21. Crankshaft spindle journal of the body Seat, 22, engine crankcase, 23, crankcase passage, 24, expansion cylinder, 25, cylinder head of expansion cylinder, 26, valve return spring, 27, valve nut, 28, valve seal Ring groove and seal ring, 29, valve casing, 30, main air inlet, 31, combustion chamber intake and exhaust switch, 32, cylinder head of compression cylinder, 33, pipe.
- the cylinder head (32) of the compression cylinder (14) is mainly composed of an intake valve (1) and an exhaust valve (12), wherein the valves (1) and (12) are mainly composed of a valve and a spring.
- the piston (2) of the compression cylinder (14) and the expansion cylinder (24) is mainly composed of a seal ring groove, a seal ring (6), a piston pin, and a piston pin hole, wherein the seal ring (6) is installed in the seal ring groove
- the piston pin is installed in the hole of the piston pin seat;
- the connecting rod (3) is mainly composed of a small connecting rod and a large connecting rod;
- the crankshaft (4) is mainly composed of a crankshaft journal journal, a connecting rod journal and a crank arm;
- the cylinder head (25) of (24) is mainly composed of an expansion chamber (13), a combustion chamber (10), a valve (8), a valve sleeve (29), a valve return spring (26), and an intake and exhaust valve (31).
- the composition wherein the inner shape of the expansion chamber (13) and the combustion chamber (10) are both cylindrical, the expansion chamber (13) and the combustion chamber (10) are in communication with each other, and are designed on the same axial center, the expansion chamber (13)
- the diameter of the round mouth is larger than the diameter of the round mouth of the combustion chamber (10)
- the valve (8) is mainly composed of the valve stem
- the sealing ring (28) and the nut (27) of the valve are arranged.
- the sealing ring of the valve stem is installed in the sealing ring groove of the valve stem, and the valve stem is installed in the valve casing (29) of the cylinder head (25), and the valve is returned.
- the position spring (26) is mounted on the valve sleeve (29), the valve nut (27) is screwed onto the screw head of the valve stem, and the valve (8) controls the opening and closing of the combustion chamber (10) in the expansion chamber ( 13)
- a spark plug (9), a fuel injector (11), a main intake passage (30), and an intake and exhaust valve (31) are provided on the edge or above the combustion chamber (10).
- the valve is mainly composed of a valve, a spring, a valve sleeve and a nut.
- the spring is mounted on the valve body of the valve, and the valve shaft is installed in the valve sleeve.
- the valve sleeve is supported by the support in the passage of the valve.
- the body (16) is mainly composed of a compression cylinder (14), an expansion cylinder (24), a crankcase (22), and a crankshaft spindle journal seat (21), wherein the expansion cylinder is disposed below
- the crankcase (22) is provided with a combustion chamber intake and exhaust valve (17) and a piece of music
- the crankcase cover (19) is mainly composed of a chassis and a crankshaft spindle journal seat (18), (20).
- the piston (2) is respectively installed in the compression cylinder (14) and the expansion cylinder (24) of the body (16), and the piston pin and the end of the connecting rod (3) of the piston (2) (small heads) connected to each other, the other end of the connecting rod (3) (large head) and the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft (4) are connected to each other, the crankcase cover (19) and the crankcase of the body (16) ( 22) screwed together, the crankshaft (4) is installed in the crankshaft journal journal seat (21) of the crankcase (22) and the crankshaft journal housing (18), (20) of the crankcase cover (19), and expands.
- the cylinder head (25) of the cylinder (24) is screwed onto the expansion cylinder (24), the cylinder head (32) of the compression cylinder (14) is screwed onto the compression cylinder (14), and the duct (33) feeds the combustion chamber
- the exhaust valve (31) and the intake and exhaust valves (17) of the crankcase are connected to each other, and the exhaust valve (12) of the compression cylinder (14) and the combustion chamber of the expansion cylinder are mainly advanced.
- the gas passages (30) are connected.
- the intake and exhaust valves (17) are opened, and the gas in the combustion chamber (10) is drawn into the intake and exhaust valves (31) and pipes (33) of the combustion chamber, and the intake and exhaust valves (17) of the crankcase.
- the outside air of the engine also enters the crankshaft with the intake and exhaust valves (17) of the crankcase.
- Valve (12) under the action of gas pressure
- the gas of the compression cylinder (14) enters the combustion chamber (10), and the gas inlet and exhaust switch (31) of the combustion chamber is closed due to the increase of the gas pressure of the combustion chamber (10), and the expansion cylinder (24) is closed.
- the gas is also compressed in the expansion chamber (13) of the expansion cylinder.
- the water nozzle (7) is directed to the expansion chamber by the low pressure water pump and the high pressure water pump.
- (13) Spraying an appropriate amount of water to cool the high temperature and high pressure gas and the moving parts of the expansion chamber, and the water is rapidly vaporized and expanded when it encounters the high temperature and high pressure gas of the expansion chamber (13), and at the same time the injector ( 11) Under the action of the low-pressure oil pump and the high-pressure oil pump, spray the appropriate amount of fuel (gasoline, diesel, natural gas, etc.) into the combustion chamber 10) and mix with the air.
- fuel gasoline, diesel, natural gas, etc.
- the spark plug (9) ignites under the action of the ignition system to combust the combustor of the combustion chamber.
- the high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the combustion of the combustible mixture pushes the valve (8) of the combustion chamber away, and the gas of the expansion chamber (13) is at a high temperature and a high pressure of the combustion chamber (10). Under the action of the gas, it expands rapidly again.
- the expansion cylinder (24) and the piston (2) of the compression cylinder (14) reach the top dead center, the first stroke ends.
- the piston (2) of the expansion cylinder (24) is at a high temperature.
- the intake and exhaust valves (31) of the combustion chamber are reopened, and the piston (2) in the expansion cylinder (24)
- the piston (2) of the compression cylinder (14) is also moved from the top dead center to the bottom dead center by the crankshaft (4) and the connecting rod (3).
- the space of the compression cylinder (14) increases, and the intake valve of the compression cylinder (1) It is opened under the vacuum suction of the compression cylinder, and the air enters the compression cylinder (14) from the intake valve (1) to prepare for the next stroke; in addition, in the compression cylinder (14) and the expansion cylinder ( 24)
- the piston (2) moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center.
- the space of the crankcase becomes smaller, the gas pressure increases, the intake and exhaust valves (17) of the crankcase are closed, and the exhaust valve of the crankcase (15) is opened, the air in the crankcase is discharged out of the crankcase through the exhaust valve (15), and the second stroke is reached when the expansion cylinder (24) and the piston (2) of the compression cylinder (14) reach the bottom dead center End.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
一种二冲程往复活塞式发动机。它主要由膨胀气缸(24)和压缩气缸(14)、以及膨胀室(13)和燃烧室(10)构成,当膨胀气缸(24)和压缩气缸(14)的活塞(2)由下止点移至上止点时,膨胀气缸(24)的气体被压缩在膨胀室(13),压缩气缸(14)的气体被压缩在燃烧室(10),喷水嘴(7)向膨胀室(13)内的高温高压气体喷入水,水遇到高温高压气体时被迅速汽化,同时喷油嘴(11)向燃烧室(10)喷入燃料,火花塞(9)打火将燃烧室(10)的可燃气点燃,燃烧产生的高温高压气体将燃烧室(10)的气门推开,膨胀室(13)的气体在燃烧室(10)的高温高压气体下再度被膨胀,膨胀气缸(24)的活塞在高温高压气体下由上止点移至下止点——做功,当活塞移到排气口下方时,一部分废气被排出气缸,另一部分废气保留在气缸内,为下一冲程做准备。它可提高能源的利用率。
Description
说明书
二冲程往复活塞式燃汽发动机 所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种往复活塞式内燃机, 尤其是往复活塞式内燃机 的一种新型的工作方法一一燃汽发动机技术。
背景技术
目前在往复活塞式内燃机中, 已知的往复活塞式内燃机的组成 一般主要由以下几个系统构成: 1、 曲柄连杆机构一一机体、 活塞、 连杆、 曲轴飞轮等; 2、 配气机构一一进、 排气门和凸轮轴等; 3、 燃料供给系一一燃料储备箱、 燃料输送泵、 汽化器 (或喷油嘴) 等; 4、 润滑系统一一润滑油道、 机油泵、 滤清器、 阀门等; 5、 冷却系 统一一水箱、 节温器、 水泵、 风扇、 水套等; 6、 点火系统一一蓄电 池、 发电机、 分电器、 点火线圈、 火花塞等; 7 起动系统一一起动 机等。 按照其完成一个工作循环所需的行程数来区分, 往复活塞式 内燃机可分为四冲程内燃机和二冲程内燃机。 四冲程内燃机的工作 循环为: 进气冲程一一活塞由上止点移至下止点, 将可燃气体 (或 空气) 吸入气缸; 压缩冲程一一活塞由下止点移至上止点, 将可燃
气体 (或空气) 进行压缩; 做功冲程一一活塞由上止点移至下止点, 即当活塞接近上止点时火花塞点火(或喷油嘴向缸内喷入燃油), 被 压缩的可燃气体在燃烧室内迅速燃烧, 燃烧产生的高温高压气体在 缸内膨胀, 将活塞推动由上止点移至下止点; 排气冲程一一活塞由 下止点向上移至上止点, 将燃烧后产生的废气排挤出气缸外。 二冲 程内燃机的工作循环 (汽油机) 为: 第一行程一一活塞由下止点向 上止点运动, 当活塞上行到将换气口、 排气口关闭时, 巳进入气缸 的混合气被压缩, 直到活塞运动到上止点压缩行程便结束。 另当活 塞在上行的时候, 由于曲轴箱容积增大形成一定的真空度, 当活塞 上行到进气口露出时,混合气在真空吸力的作用下被吸入到曲轴箱; 第二行程一一活塞由上止点向下止点运动, 当活塞上行到接近上止 点时火花塞点火将缸内的可燃混合气点燃, 可燃混合气燃烧产生的 高温、 高压气体推动活塞由上止点向下止点运动, 并带动曲轴旋转 向外输出动力, 另当活塞在下行到将进气口堵住时, 随着活塞的继 续下移曲轴箱的混合气被预压, 当活塞下行到排气口露出时, 燃烧 后的废气在自身压力下经排气口排出气缸, 紧接着换气口开启, 曲 轴箱内被预压的混合气经换气口进入气缸。
无论是四冲程内燃机, 还是二冲程内燃机, 它们都是直接釆用 燃烧汽油、柴油等可燃物质与空气混合而成的可燃压缩气体的方法, 使可燃气体燃烧时产生的高温、高压气体在气缸内膨胀,并推动活塞 由上止点向下移动至下止点一一做功。 而该方法最大的缺点就是: 可燃气体燃烧产生的高温、 高压气体, 在缸内膨胀一一做功一次后, 即迅速的被排出了缸外, 其热能利用率非常低下, 造成了极大的能
源浪费, 并且还严重的污染了人类的生存环境。 另外, 由于四冲程 内燃机一个工作循环需要四个工作行程和较为复杂的配气结构、 以 及水冷设备, 这又进一步的增加了其热能的损耗。 而二冲程内燃机 其工作原理和设计结构虽比四冲程内燃机简单, 热量的机械损耗相 对比四冲程内燃机较小, 但是由于受其结构的限制, 其热能的实际 利用率并不比四冲程内燃机高。 另外, 由于现行的四冲程内燃机和 二冲程内燃机气缸内的工作温度高达 2000至 2500度, 因此也进一 步的加快子内燃机的机械磨损, 严重影响了内燃机的使用寿命, 而 且为了应对内燃机工作时的高温, 其制造成本也相对很高。
为了充分利用热能的使用率, 提高内燃机的经济效能, 人们提 出了很多的节能方案,如向发动机气缸内喷水就是其中一种, 即利用 发动机做功后气缸内产生的高温将水汽化膨胀, 并产生压力将活塞 推动一一做功。 纵观往复活塞式内燃机缸内喷水技术, 归纳起来主 要有以下两种形式: 一是在内燃机做功的过程中一一活塞由上止点 向下止点移动的过程中, 向缸内喷入适量的水, 利用气缸内可燃气 体燃烧时产生的高温、 高压气体使水迅速汽化膨胀, 以达到增压提 高内燃机的功效和优化废气的排放效果的目的; 另一种喷水方案, 它是在活塞做功结束之后, 活塞由下止点向上止点移动将气缸内的 残留废气进行压缩, 当活塞接近上止点时向缸内喷射适量的水, 水 在高温、 高压气体的作用下迅速膨胀, 并推动活塞由上止点移动至 下止点一一进行二次做功。该两种技术方案从其方法来看,它们既有 其共同点, 也有其不同点。 共同点是: 在第一和第二种技术方案中, 它们所采取的技术方案都是向气缸内喷水, 并利用缸内的高温将水
汽化, 以达到提高内燃机的工作效能的目的。 而不同点则是: 在第 一种技术方案中, 其向缸内喷水的时间上是选择在活塞做功行程开 始之后和结 *做功行程之前这个时间段上, 它主要是利用气缸内高 温高压气体使水受热膨胀产生压力, 从而对气缸内的活塞起到辅助 性的增压作用。 而第二种技术方案, 它向缸内喷水的时间上是选择 在活塞做功行程结束后, 活塞压缩行程开始之后和结束压缩行程之 前这一时间段上, 它主要是利用气缸、 活塞、 气体的高温使水受热 膨胀产生压力, 以达到完全依靠水自身受热膨胀后产生的压力而推 动活塞进行二次做功的目的。 该两种喷水技术方案, 由于其向缸内 喷水发生的时间点的不同, 因此它们也不可避免的各自存在其不同 的缺陷, 其中第一种喷水技术方案, 由于其向缸内喷水的时间点是 发生在活塞由上止点向下止点移动进行做功的行程中, 所以其只能 向缸内喷入较徼量的水份, 否则会影响内燃机的正常工作, 因此其 热能的利用也是非常有限的。 另外, 由于第一种的技术方案的喷水 时间是在做功行程中, 因此当内燃机处于冷车和高速运行中, 该技 术方案就很难得到有效的实施。 而第二种技术方案, 由于该技术方 案向缸内喷水的时间发生在活塞做功结束之后, 其可燃气体燃烧产 生的热能绝大部分还是依旧被直接排放了, 其热能的利用仍旧是缸 内的少量残留热能。 另外, 由于该技术方案主要是依靠气缸内残留 废气、 活塞和气缸的余热, 使喷入气缸内的水汽化膨胀, 因此极易 在气缸内产生水汽, 影响内燃机润滑油对机件的润滑, 降低了内燃 机的使用寿命。 再一, 由于其气缸内的温差变化较大, 因此会进一 步降低内燃机的使用寿命。
发明内容
在现有的往复活塞式内燃机中,无论是喷水节能技术,还是涡轮 增压、 燃油直喷节能技术, 由于受内燃机的工作方法和其机械结构 的限制,它们都不能有效的、 大幅度的提高可燃气体的利用效力, 其 机械的高磨损和高制造成本等一系列问题也都无法得到很好的克 服, 可以说往复活塞式内燃机从其发明到现在, 其发展和进步的的 速度是十分缓慢和不尽人意的。 为了克服现有往复活塞式内燃机奢 侈而又浪费的直燃直排的工作方法, 使内燃机燃烧可燃气体时产生 的热能得到最大的、 最充分的、 最有效的利用, 极大程度的减小内 燃机的机械磨损和制造成本。 同时, 也为了进一步的简化往复活塞 式内燃机的结构, 缩小往复活塞式内燃机的体积, 大幅度的提高往 复活塞式内燃机的功率, 使往复活塞式内燃机的使用范围得到进一 步的扩大。 本发明提供了一种新型的内燃机工作方法和实施该工作 方法的新型发动机一一二冲程往复活塞式燃汽发动机, 该发动机较 为彻底的、 全面的改变了现行往复活塞式内燃机传统的燃烧方法和 机械结构, 其全新的工作方法和结构不仅能更充分的、 有效的利用 可燃气体燃烧时产生的热能, 达到进一步节约能源的目的。 特别是 其一缸多塞的设计方案, 还可以进一步的缩小往复活塞式内燃机的 体积, 使往复活塞式内燃机的功率在现有的基础之上进一步的得到 提高'。
本发明解决其技术问题所釆取的技术方案是:
A、 主要零部件一一压缩气缸的缸盖主要由进气门和排气门组
成, 其中气门主要由气门和弹簧组成; 压缩气缸和膨胀气缸的活塞 主要由密封环槽、 密封环、 活塞销、 活塞销座孔组成, 其中密封环 安装在密封环槽内, 活塞销安装在活塞销座孔内; 连杆主要由连杆 小头、 连杆大头组成; 曲轴主要由曲轴主轴轴颈、 连杆轴颈、 曲轴 臂组成; 膨胀气缸的缸盖主要由膨胀室、 燃烧室、 气门、 气门套管、 气门回位弹簧、 进排气门组成, 其中膨胀室和燃烧室的内部形状均 为圆柱形, 膨胀室与燃烧室相互连通, 并且设计在同一条轴心线上, 膨胀室的圆口的直径大于燃烧室的圆口的直径,气门主要由气门杆、 气门杆的直封环槽、 气门杆的密封环、 气门的螺帽组成, 气门杆的 密封环安装在气门杆的密封环槽内, 气门杆安装在缸盖的气门套管 内, 气门回位弹簧安装在气门套管上, 气门螺帽螺接在气门杆的螺 丝头上, 气门控制燃烧室的开启与关闭, 在膨胀室边缘设有喷水嘴, 在燃烧室的边缘或上面设有火花塞、 喷油嘴、 主进气通道, 进排气 门主要由气门、 弹簧、 气门套管、 螺帽组成, 该弹簧安装在气门的 杆身上, 气门杆身安装在气门套管中, 气门套管由支架支掌在气门 的通道内, 螺帽螺接在气门杆的螺丝头上; 机体主要由压缩气缸、 膨胀气缸、 曲轴箱、 曲轴主轴轴颈座组成, 其中在膨胀气缸的下方 设有排气口, 曲轴箱设有一个燃烧室进排气门和一个曲轴箱排气门, 以及一个通道口; 曲轴箱盖主要由机箱和曲轴主轴轴颈座组成。
B、发动机的结构关系一一上述活塞分别安装在机体的压缩气缸 和膨胀气缸内, 该活塞的活塞销与连杆的一端 (小头) 相互连接在 一起, 连杆的另一端 (大头) 与曲轴的连杆轴颈相互连接在一起, 曲轴箱盖与机体的曲轴箱螺接在一起, 曲轴安装在曲轴箱的曲轴主
轴轴颈座与曲轴箱盖的曲轴主轴轴颈座内, 膨胀气缸的缸盖螺接在 膨胀气缸上, 压缩气缸的缸盖螺接在压缩气缸上, 管道将燃烧室的 进排气门和曲轴箱的进排气门相互连接在一起, 压缩气缸的排气门 与膨胀气缸的燃烧室的主进气通道相连通。
C工作方法一一当压缩气缸和膨胀气缸的活塞由压缩气缸和膨 胀气缸的下止点向上止点移动时, 燃烧室的气门和压缩气缸的进气 门分别在膨胀气缸和压缩气缸的气体压力作用下被关闭, 当压缩气 缸的气体压力小于排气门的弹簧压力时, 压缩气缸内的气体仍保留 在气缸内, 与此同时由于压缩气缸和膨胀气缸的活塞的上移, 曲轴 箱内的空间增大而产生吸力, 曲轴箱的排气门被关闭, 进排气门被 开启, 燃烧室内的气体通过燃烧室的进排气门和管道、 以及曲轴箱 的进排气门被吸入到曲轴箱内, 同时发动机外界空气也随曲轴箱的 进排气门进入到曲轴箱内, 当压缩气缸的气体压力大于压缩气缸排 气门的弹簧压力时, 排气门在气体压力的作用下被开启, 压缩气缸 的气体进入到燃烧室, 由于燃烧室气体压力的增大, 燃烧室的进排 气开关被关闭,而膨胀气缸的气体也被压缩在膨胀气缸的膨胀室内, 当压缩气缸和膨胀气缸的活塞接近上止点时, 喷水嘴在低压水泵和 高压水泵的作用下向膨胀室内喷入适量的水, 使膨胀室的高温高压 气体和机件得到冷却, 同时水遇到膨胀室的高温、 高压气体时被迅 速汽化膨胀, 与此同时喷油嘴在低压油泵和高压油泵的作用下向燃 烧室喷入适量的燃料 (汽油、 柴油、 天然气等) 与空气混合, 火花 塞在点火系统的作用下点火将燃烧室的可燃混合气点燃, 可燃混合 气燃烧时产生的高温、 高压气体将燃烧窒的气门推开, 膨胀室的气
体在燃烧室的高温、 高压气体的作用下再度迅速膨胀, 当膨胀气缸 和压缩气缸的活塞到达上止点时一一第一行程结束; 膨胀气缸的活 塞在高温、 高压气体的作用下, 由膨胀气缸的上止点向下止点移动, 活塞通 ¾连杆带动曲轴转动一一做功, 当膨胀气缸的活塞到达膨胀 气缸的排气口下方时, 膨胀气缸的一部分气体通过膨胀气缸的排气 口被排出膨胀气缸, 剩余的一部分气体则仍保留在膨胀气缸内为下 一个行程作准备, 与此同时由于燃烧室和膨胀气缸内的气体压力的 减小, 燃烧室的进排气门被重新开启, 在膨胀气缸的活塞由上止点 向下止点移动一一做功时, 压缩气缸的活塞在曲轴和连杆的带动下 也由上止点向下止点移动, 由于压缩气缸的空间增大, 压缩气缸的 进气门在压缩气缸的真空吸力下被开启, 空气由进气门进入到压缩 气缸内, 为下一个行程作好准备; 另外, 在压缩气缸和膨胀气缸的 活塞由上止点向下止点移动的同时, 由于曲轴箱的空间变小气体压 力增大, 曲轴箱的进排气门被关闭, 曲轴箱的排气门被开启, 曲轴 箱内的空气经排气门被排出曲轴箱, 当膨胀气缸和压缩气缸的活塞 到达下止点时一一第二行程结束。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图 1 是本发明 __二冲程往复活塞式燃汽发动机的基本结构示意 图; 图中 1、 压缩气缸的进气门, 2、 压缩气缸和膨胀气缸的活塞, 3、 连杆, 4、 曲轴, 5、 膨胀气缸的排气口, 6、 压缩气缸和膨胀气 缸活塞的密封环, 7、 膨胀室的喷水嘴, 8、 燃烧室的气门, 9、 燃烧
室的火花塞, 10、 燃烧室, 11、 燃烧室的喷油嘴, 12、 压缩气缸的 排气门, 13、 膨胀室, 14、 压缩气缸, 15、 曲轴箱的排气门, 16、 机体, 17、 曲轴箱的燃烧室进排气门, 18、 曲轴箱盖的曲轴主轴轴 颈座, 19、 曲轴箱盖, 20、 曲轴箱盖的曲轴主轴轴颈座,21、 机体的 曲轴主轴轴颈座, 22、 发动机机体的曲轴箱, 23、 曲轴箱的通道, 24、 膨胀气缸, 25、 膨胀气缸的缸盖, 26、 气门的回位弹簧, 27、 气门的螺帽, 28、 气门的密封环槽和密封环, 29、 气门的套管, 30、 主进气口, 31、 燃烧室进排气开关, 32、 压缩气缸的缸盖, 33、 管 道。
具体实施方式
A、 主要零部件一一压缩气缸 (14) 的缸盖 (32) 主要由进气门 ( 1 ) 和排气门 (12 ) 组成, 其中气门 (1 )、 (12 ) 主要由气门和弹 簧组成; 压缩气缸 (14) 和膨胀气缸 (24) 的活塞 (2 ) 主要由密封 环槽、 密封环 (6)、 活塞销、 活塞销座孔组成, 其中密封环 (6) 安 装在密封环槽内, 活塞销安装在活塞销座孔内; 连杆 (3) 主要由连 杆小头、 连杆大头组成; 曲轴(4)主要由曲轴主轴轴颈、 连杆轴颈、 曲轴臂组成; 膨胀气缸 (24) 的缸盖 (25) 主要由膨胀室 (13 )、 燃 烧室 (10)、 气门 (8)、 气门套管 (29)、 气门回位弹簧 (26)、 进排 气门 (31 ) 组成, 其中膨胀室 (13 ) 和燃烧室 (10) 的内部形状均 为圆柱形, 膨胀室 (13 ) 与燃烧室 (10) 相互连通, 并且设计在同 一条轴心线上, 膨胀室 (13 ) 的圆口的直径大于燃烧室 (10 ) 的圆 口的直径, 气门 (8) 主要由气门杆、 气门杆的密封环槽、 气门杆的
密封环 (28)、 气门的螺帽 (27) 组成, 气门杆的密封环安装在气门 杆的密封环槽内, 气门杆安装在缸盖 (25) 的气门套管 (29) 内, 气门回位弹簧 (26) 安装在气门套管 (29) 上, 气门螺帽 (27 ) 螺 接在气门杆的螺丝头上, 气门 (8)控制燃烧室(10) 的开启与关闭, 在膨胀室 (13) 边缘设有喷水嘴 (7 ), 在燃烧室 (10) 的边缘或上 面设有火花塞(9)、 喷油嘴(11 )、 主进气通道 (30), 进排气门 (31 ) 主要由气门、 弹簧、 气门套管、 螺帽组成, 该弹簧安装在气门的杆 身上, 气门杆身安装在气门套管中, 气门套管由支架支掌在气门的 通道内, 螺帽螺接在气门杆的螺丝头上; 机体 (16 ) 主要由压缩气 缸 (14)、 膨胀气缸 (24)、 曲轴箱 (22)、 曲轴主轴轴颈座 (21 ) 组 成, 其中在膨胀气缸的下方设有排气口 (5 ), 曲轴箱 (22 ) 设有一 个燃烧室进排气门 (17) 和一个曲轴箱排气门 (15 ), 以及一个通道 口 (23); 曲轴箱盖(19)主要由机箱和曲轴主轴轴颈座(18)、 (20 ) 组成。 B、发动机的结构关系一一上述活塞(2)分别安装在机体(16) 的压缩气缸 (14) 和膨胀气缸 (24) 内, 该活塞 (2) 的活塞销与连 杆 (3 ) 的一端 (小头) 相互连接在一起, 连杆 (3) 的另一端 (大 头) 与曲轴 (4) 的连杆轴颈相互连接在一起, 曲轴箱盖 (19) 与机 体 (16) 的曲轴箱 (22 ) 螺接在一起, 曲轴 (4) 安装在曲轴箱 (22 ) 的曲轴主轴轴颈座(21 )与曲轴箱盖(19)的曲轴主轴轴颈座(18 )、 (20) 内, 膨胀气缸 (24) 的缸盖 (25) 螺接在膨胀气缸 (24) 上, 压缩气缸 (14) 的缸盖 (32) 螺接在压缩气缸 (14) 上, 管道 (33) 将燃烧室的进排气门 (31 ) 和曲轴箱的进排气门 (17) 相互连接在 一起, 压缩气缸 (14) 的排气门 (12 ) 与膨胀气缸的燃烧室的主进
气通道 (30) 相连通。 (:、 工作方法一一当压缩气缸 (14) 和膨胀气 缸 (24) 的活塞 (2) 由压缩气缸和膨胀气缸的下止点向上止点移动 时, 燃烧室 (10) 的气门 (8) 和压缩气缸的进气门 (1 ) 分别在膨 胀气缸 (24) 和压缩气缸 (14) 的气体压力作用下被关闭, 当压缩 气缸的气体压力小于排气门 (12) 的弹簧压力时, 压缩气缸内的气 体仍保留在气缸内, 与此同时由于压缩气缸和膨胀气缸的活塞 (2) 的上移, 曲轴箱内的空间增大而产生吸力, 曲轴箱的排气门 (15 ) 被关闭, 进排气门 (17 ) 被开启, 燃烧室 (10) 内的气体通过燃烧 室的进排气门 (31 ) 和管道 (33)、 以及曲轴箱的进排气门 (17) 被 吸入到曲轴箱内, 同时发动机外界空气也随曲轴箱的进排气门 (17 ) 进入到曲轴翁内, 当压缩气缸 (14) 的气体压力大于压缩气缸排气 门 (12 ) 的弹簧压力时, 排气门 (12) 在气体压力的作用下被开启, 压缩气缸 (14) 的气体进入到燃烧室 (10), 由于燃烧室 (10) 气体 压力的增大, 燃烧室的进排气开关 (31 ) 被关闭, 而膨胀气缸 (24) 的气体也被压缩在膨胀气缸的膨胀室 (13 ) 内, 当压缩气缸和膨胀 气缸的活塞 (2 ) 接近上止点时, 喷水嘴 (7 ) 在低压水泵和高压水 泵的作用下向膨胀室 (13 ) 内喷入适量的水, 使膨胀室的高温高压 气体和机件得到冷却, 同时水遇到膨胀室 (13 ) 的高温、 高压气体 时被迅速汽化膨胀, 与此同时喷油嘴 (11 ) 在低压油泵和高压油泵 的作用下向燃烧室 10) 喷入适量的燃料 (汽油、 柴油、 天然气等) 与空气混合, 火花塞(9) 在点火系统的作用下点火将燃烧室的可燃 混合气点燃, 可燃混合气燃烧时产生的高温、 高压气体将燃烧室的 气门 (8 ) 推开, 膨胀室 (13) 的气体在燃烧室 (10) 的高温、 高压
气体的作用下再度迅速膨胀, 当膨胀气缸 (24) 和压缩气缸 (14) 的活塞 (2) 到迖上止点时一一第一行程结束; 膨胀气缸 (24) 的活 塞 (2)在高温、 高压气体的作用下, 由膨胀气缸的上止点向下止点 移动, 活塞 (2) 通过连杆 (3) 带动曲轴 (4) 转动一一做功, 当膨 胀气缸 (24) 的活塞 (2) 到达膨胀气缸的排气口 (5) 下方时, 膨 胀气缸的一部分气体通过膨胀气缸的排气口 (5) 被排出膨胀气缸, 剩余的一部分气体则仍保留在膨胀气缸内为下一个行程作准备, 与 此同时由于燃烧室 (10) 和膨胀气缸 (24) 内的气体压力的减小, 燃烧室的进排气门 (31)被重新开启, 在膨胀气缸(24)的活塞(2) 由上止点向下止点移动一一做功时, 压缩气缸 (14) 的活塞 (2)在 曲轴 (4) 和连杆 (3) 的带动下也由上止点向下止点移动, 由于压 缩气缸 (14) 的空间增大, 压缩气缸的进气门 (1)在压缩气缸的真 空吸力下被开启, 空气由进气门 (1) 进入到压缩气缸 (14) 内, 为 下一个行程作好准备; 另外, 在压缩气缸 (14) 和膨胀气缸 (24) 的活塞(2) 由上止点向下止点移动的同时, 由于曲轴箱的空间变小 气体压力增大, 曲轴箱的进排气门 (17) 被关闭, 曲轴箱的排气门 (15) 被开启, 曲轴箱内的空气经排气门 (15) 被排出曲轴箱, 当 膨胀气缸 (24) 和压缩气缸 (14) 的活塞 (2) 到达下止点时一一第 二行程结束。
Claims
1、 一种二冲程往复活塞式燃汽发动机, 它主要由缸盖、 机体、 活塞、 连杆、 曲轴、 曲轴箱盖组成, 其中机体主要由压缩气缸、 膨 胀气缸、 曲轴箱、 曲轴主轴轴颈座组成, 该膨胀气缸的下方设有一 个排气口, 曲轴箱设有一个进气门和一个排气门, 压缩气缸的缸盖 设有一个进气门和一个排气门, 其中进气门和排气门主要由气门和 弹簧组成, 压缩气缸的活塞和膨胀气缸的活塞, 主要由密封环槽、 密封环、 活塞销、 活塞销座孔组成, 该活塞的密封环安装在密封环 槽内, 活塞销安装在活塞销座孔内, 连杆主要由连杆小头、 杆身、 连杆大头组成, 曲轴主要由曲轴主轴轴颈、 连杆轴颈、 曲轴臂组成, 曲轴箱盖主要由机箱和曲轴主轴轴颈座组成, 上述活塞分别安装在 压缩气缸和膨胀气缸内, 该压缩气缸和膨胀气缸的活塞的活塞销与 连杆的一端 (小头) 连接在一起, 连杆的另一端 (大头) 与曲轴的 连杆轴颈连接在一起, 曲轴箱盖与机体的曲轴箱连接在一起, 曲轴 安装在曲轴箱的曲轴轴颈座与曲轴箱盖的曲轴主轴轴颈座之中, 缸 盖安装在压缩气缸上, 其特征是: 在膨胀气缸上安装一个缸盖, 该 缸盖主要由膨胀室 (13 )、 燃烧室 (10 )、 气门 (8 )、 气门套管 (29)、 气门回位弹簧 (26 ) 组成, 其中气门 (8 ) 主要由气门杆、 气门杆的 密封环槽、 气门杆的密封环 (28)、 气门的螺帽 (27) 组成, 膨胀室 (13)和燃烧室 (10) 的内部形状均为圆柱形,膨胀室 (13) 与燃烧 室 (10) 的相互连通,并且设计在同一条轴心线上, 膨胀室 (13) 的 圆口直径大于燃烧室 (10) 的圆口直径, 气门杆的密封环 (28) 安 装在气门杆的密封环槽内, 气门杆安装在缸盖的气门套管 (29) 内, 气门回位弹簧 (26) 安装在气门套管 (29) 上, 气门螺帽 (27) 螺 接在气门杆的螺丝头上, 气门 (8)控制燃烧室(10)的开启与关闭, 在膨胀室 (13) 边缘设有膨胀室的喷水嘴 (7), 在燃烧室 (10) 的 边缘或上面设有燃烧室的火花塞 (9) 和燃烧室的喷油嘴 (11)、 以 及燃烧室的主进气口 (30)和进排气门 (31), 管道 (33) 将燃烧室 的进排气门 (31) 和曲轴箱的进气门 (17) 相互连接在一起, 管道 将燃烧室的主进气口 (30) 和压缩气缸的排气门 (12) 相互连接在 一起。
2、 一种二冲程往复活塞式燃汽发动机, 其特征是: 第一冲程一 一当压缩气缸 (14) 和膨胀气缸 (24) 的活塞 (2) 由压缩气缸和膨 胀气缸的下止点向上止点移动时, 燃烧室 (10) 的气门 (8)和压缩 气缸的进气门 (1) 分别在膨胀气缸 (24)和压缩气缸 (14) 的气体 压力作用下被关闭, 当压缩气缸的气体压力小于排气门 (12) 的弹 簧压力时, 压缩气缸内的气体仍保留在气缸内, 与此同时由于压缩 气缸和膨胀气缸的活塞(2) 的上移, 曲轴箱内的空间增大而产生吸 力, 曲轴箱的排气门 (15) 被关闭, 进排气门 (17) 被开启, 燃烧 室 (10) 内的气体通过燃烧室的进排气门 (31)和管道 (33)、 以及 曲轴箱的进排气门 (17) 被吸入到曲轴箱内, 同时发动机外界空气 也随曲 ¾箱的进排气门 (17 ) 进入到曲轴箱内, 当压缩气缸 (14) 的气体压力大于压缩气缸排气门 (12 ) 的弹簧压力时, 排气门 (12 ) 在气体压力的作用下被开启, 压缩气缸 (14) 的气体进入到燃烧室 ( 10), 由于燃烧室(10)气体压力的增大, 燃烧室的进排气门 (31 ) 被关闭,而膨胀气缸(24)的气体也被压缩在膨胀气缸的膨胀室(13) 内, 当 ji缩气缸和膨胀气缸的活塞 (2) 接近上止点时, 喷水嘴 (7) 在低压水泵和高压水泵的作用下向膨胀室 (13) 内喷入适量的水, 使膨胀室的高温高压气体和机件得到冷却, 同时水遇到膨胀室(13) 的高温、 高压气体时被迅速汽化膨胀, 与此同时喷油嘴 (11 ) 在低 压油泵和高压油泵的作用下向燃烧室 10) 喷入适量的燃料与空气混 合, 火花塞 (9) 在点火系统的作用下点火将燃烧室的可燃混合气点 燃, 可燃混合气燃烧时产生的高温、 高压气体将燃烧室的气门 (8) 推开, 膨胀室 (13 ) 的气体在燃烧室 (10) 的高温、 高压气体的作 用下再度迅速膨胀, 当膨胀气缸(24)和压缩气缸(14) 的活塞(2 ) 到迖上止点时一一第一冲程结束, 第二冲程一一膨胀气缸 (24) 的 活塞 (2 ) 在高温、 高压气体的作用下, 由膨胀气缸的上止点向下止 点移动, 活塞 (2 ) 通过连杆 (3) 带动曲轴 (4) 转动一一做功, 当 膨胀气 fe (24) 的活塞 (2 ) 到达膨胀气缸的排气口 ( 5 ) 下方时, 膨胀气缸的一部分气体通过膨胀气缸的排气口(5)被排出膨胀气缸, 剩余的一部分气体则仍保留在膨胀气缸内为下一个冲程作准备, 与 此同时由于燃烧室 (10) 和膨胀气缸 (24) 内的气体压力的减小, 燃烧室的进排气门 (31 )被重新开启, 在膨胀气缸(24) 的活塞(2 ) 由上止点向下止点移动一一做功时, 压缩气缸 (14) 的活塞 (2 ) 在 曲轴 (4) 和连杆 (3) 的带动下也由上止点向下止点移动, 由于压 缩气缸 (14) 的空间增大, 压缩气缸的进气门 (1) 在压缩气缸的真 空吸力下被开启, 空气由进气门 (1) 进入到压缩气缸 (14) 内, 为 下一个冲程作好准备, 另外, 在压缩气缸 (14) 和膨胀气缸 (24) 的活塞 (2) 由上止点向下止点移动的同时, 由于曲轴箱的空间变小 气体压力增大, 曲轴箱的进排气门 (17) 被关闭, 曲轴箱的排气门 (15) 被开启, 曲轴箱内的空气经排气门 (15) 被排出曲轴箱, 当 膨胀气缸 (24) 和压缩气缸 (14) 的活塞 (2) 到达下止点时一一第 二冲程结束。
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| CN104791090A (zh) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-07-22 | 龚福清 | 多缸二冲程发动机 |
| CN107575361A (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-12 | 蚌埠高科能源装备有限公司 | 一种平衡往复运动惯性力的压缩机活塞 |
| CN109058072B (zh) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-12-27 | 蚌埠高科瑞力压缩机有限公司 | 一种用于压缩机活塞的平移调节式配重装置 |
| CN109058075B (zh) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-02-07 | 蚌埠高科瑞力压缩机有限公司 | 一种侧向调节式压缩机活塞用配重装置 |
| CN109058074B (zh) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-12-31 | 蚌埠高科瑞力压缩机有限公司 | 一种用于压缩机活塞的易装卸式配重装置 |
| IT201900005532A1 (it) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-10-10 | Antonio Cadore | Macchina perfezionata rotativa a combustione |
| DE102019209753A1 (de) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Zündkerze mit Vorkammer und Vorrichtung zum Spülen der Vorkammer |
| CN110242534B (zh) * | 2019-07-08 | 2024-01-26 | 耐力股份有限公司 | 一种新能源有油二级活塞式空压机 |
| CN110566360B (zh) * | 2019-09-18 | 2024-06-18 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | 增强刚性的气缸盖 |
| CN111237049A (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-06-05 | 常君辰 | 一种负压发动机 |
| CN111677585B (zh) * | 2020-07-15 | 2024-11-12 | 房县忠意设备有限公司 | 一种气缸附带气囊及高压缩比的内燃机 |
| CN111828169A (zh) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-27 | 田国庆 | 一种混合动力发动机 |
| EP4001608B1 (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2024-10-16 | Volvo Truck Corporation | An internal combustion engine system |
| JP7533520B2 (ja) * | 2022-04-19 | 2024-08-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
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| GB2450616A (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2008-12-31 | Ivor Flaherty | Internal combustion engine and method of operation |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US10480457B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
| CN102434271B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
| US20140130770A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
| CN102434271A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
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