WO2004095549A1 - パターン描画装置及びパターン描画方法 - Google Patents
パターン描画装置及びパターン描画方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004095549A1 WO2004095549A1 PCT/JP2004/005134 JP2004005134W WO2004095549A1 WO 2004095549 A1 WO2004095549 A1 WO 2004095549A1 JP 2004005134 W JP2004005134 W JP 2004005134W WO 2004095549 A1 WO2004095549 A1 WO 2004095549A1
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- pattern
- substrate
- mirror device
- projection
- light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70425—Imaging strategies, e.g. for increasing throughput or resolution, printing product fields larger than the image field or compensating lithography- or non-lithography errors, e.g. proximity correction, mix-and-match, stitching or double patterning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70283—Mask effects on the imaging process
- G03F7/70291—Addressable masks, e.g. spatial light modulators [SLMs], digital micro-mirror devices [DMDs] or liquid crystal display [LCD] patterning devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70358—Scanning exposure, i.e. relative movement of patterned beam and workpiece during imaging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70425—Imaging strategies, e.g. for increasing throughput or resolution, printing product fields larger than the image field or compensating lithography- or non-lithography errors, e.g. proximity correction, mix-and-match, stitching or double patterning
- G03F7/70433—Layout for increasing efficiency or for compensating imaging errors, e.g. layout of exposure fields for reducing focus errors; Use of mask features for increasing efficiency or for compensating imaging errors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70425—Imaging strategies, e.g. for increasing throughput or resolution, printing product fields larger than the image field or compensating lithography- or non-lithography errors, e.g. proximity correction, mix-and-match, stitching or double patterning
- G03F7/70433—Layout for increasing efficiency or for compensating imaging errors, e.g. layout of exposure fields for reducing focus errors; Use of mask features for increasing efficiency or for compensating imaging errors
- G03F7/70441—Optical proximity correction [OPC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70425—Imaging strategies, e.g. for increasing throughput or resolution, printing product fields larger than the image field or compensating lithography- or non-lithography errors, e.g. proximity correction, mix-and-match, stitching or double patterning
- G03F7/70466—Multiple exposures, e.g. combination of fine and coarse exposures, double patterning or multiple exposures for printing a single feature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70858—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature
- G03F7/70866—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature of mask or workpiece
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pattern writing apparatus and a pattern writing method applicable to a maskless writing apparatus used in an exposure step in manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit, a mask writing apparatus used for manufacturing a mask used in an exposure apparatus, and the like.
- a circuit pattern is drawn on a resist-coated wafer using a mask (sometimes called a reticle) on which a circuit pattern is drawn (pattern exposure and pattern exposure).
- a mask sometimes called a reticle
- pattern exposure and pattern exposure The equipment for that is called an exposure apparatus or an exposure machine.
- an exposure machine that draws a circuit pattern directly on a wafer without using a mask, and this is called a maskless exposure machine.
- a chromium film or the like for light shielding on the surface of a quartz plate or the like that serves as the substrate of the mask so that the exposure light passes in a pattern corresponding to the target circuit pattern.
- the chromium film and the like are formed by pattern exposure, and an apparatus therefor is called a mask drawing apparatus.
- An electron beam lithography using an electron beam is generally used as a mask lithography method, and a device for this purpose is called an electron beam lithography device (hereinafter referred to as an EB lithography device).
- the mask lithography system uses a laser beam in the ultraviolet region (hereinafter abbreviated as “ultraviolet laser beam”) to draw a pattern (that is, a mask substrate coated with a resist).
- a laser beam drawing apparatus An apparatus based on the technique of performing pattern exposure (sometimes called a laser beam drawing apparatus) has also been commercialized.
- a mirror display device (mirror device called a digital micromirror or the like) in which many minute mirrors are arranged in a two-dimensional array is used.
- a laser beam drawing apparatus that irradiates this with ultraviolet laser light, controls reflected light in a pattern, and draws a pattern on a mask substrate. It is known that the laser beam writing apparatus has a feature that the processing speed is high because a part of the circuit patterns can be exposed collectively. In this regard, for example,
- a conventional laser beam lithography system using a mirror device uses a mirror device using approximately 100,000 (approximately 50,000 X approximately 2000) micromirrors. Each micromirror is about 16 microns in size. This is reduced and projected to a size of 1Z160 on a mask substrate by a reduction projection optical system.
- the pattern corresponding to one micromirror is a square having a side of 0.1 micron, that is, 100 nm.
- the minimum design dimension is typically as small as 1 to 4 nm, which is called the minimum grid. Therefore, in order to realize a pattern shape much smaller than a mirror projection pattern of 100 nm on each side, the amount of light applied to the projected pattern is changed. For example, according to the above-mentioned document, by changing the light amount in 64 steps (using the intermediate light amount), the minimum grid corresponds to 1.56 nm, which is 100 nm of 100 nm. Let me.
- the deflection angle of each micromirror in the mirror device is controlled, thereby Thus, the intensity of the projected laser light is changed.
- the scan speed is 1 Z 6 4 and the number of scans is also increased by 64 times, so that the drawing time is extremely long, 64 times 64 times.
- the use of an intermediate light quantity is indispensable for a laser beam lithography system to shorten the lithography time. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a pattern drawing apparatus using a mirror device, which can use an intermediate light amount without performing control using an intermediate value of a voltage applied to each minute mirror.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a pattern drawing method capable of realizing an intermediate light amount only by controlling on / off of each micro mirror of a mirror device.
- a pattern projecting device capable of projecting a pattern composed of a large number of spots by using a two-dimensional array of light control elements such as a mirror device and a microlens array.
- the substrate is a wafer when configuring a maskless exposure apparatus according to the present invention, and is a mask substrate when configuring a mask drawing apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a first example according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the pattern projection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a drawing time calculation method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a second example according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining pattern drawing.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining pattern drawing according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a mask drawing apparatus using a large mask drawn by the pattern drawing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams respectively showing a case where the intermediate light amount according to the present invention is not used and a case where the intermediate light amount according to the present invention is used.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of manufacturing a pinhole plate used in the pattern projection device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a pattern drawing / shadow device in Example 1 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a pattern drawing method according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams illustrating an example of a pattern drawing method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing a configuration of a pattern drawing apparatus in a second example according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration of a pattern drawing apparatus in a third example according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the configuration of the pattern drawing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the configuration of the pattern drawing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the configuration of the pattern drawing apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a configuration of a pattern drawing apparatus in an example according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining multiple exposure for applying a gray scale.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining calculation of multiplicity in a gray scale according to the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a configuration of a pattern drawing apparatus according to Example 1 of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a configuration of a pinhole plate used in the pattern drawing apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a view for explaining a method of manufacturing a pinhole plate.
- FIG. 24 is a view showing a pattern drawing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining a method for realizing a gray scale according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of drawing by a pattern drawing apparatus 100 as a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a pattern projection apparatus 1 constituting a part of a pattern drawing apparatus 100. It is a block diagram of 0.
- the pattern projection apparatus 10 uses a mirror device 6 as a two-dimensional array of light control elements, which is omitted in FIG.
- the laser beam L 1 traveling from the mirror device 6 passes through the microlens array 7 and is focused on a small spot, and is then provided to the pinhole plate 8.
- the laser beam L 2 emitted through the hole of the pinhole plate 8 passes through the lenses 9 a and 9 b and is projected on the substrate 1.
- the lenses 9a and 9b constitute a projection optical system, and project an optical image at the position of the pinhole 8 onto the substrate 1. It has become. With this configuration, an aggregate pattern of spots separated from each other is projected onto the substrate 1 on the mirror device projection area 2 on the substrate 1 as shown in FIG.
- the mirror device projection area 2 that defines the outer contour of the aggregate of the spots 3 arranged in a matrix in the vertical and horizontal directions is moved relative to the substrate 1, that is, in the moving direction 4 of the substrate 1.
- the rows or columns of the matrix of spots 3 are arranged obliquely to the moving direction of the substrate 1.
- the substrate 1 is moved along the moving direction 4 during pattern exposure.
- a plurality of spots overlap on the same place on the substrate 1. That is, when the substrate 1 is viewed from the direction of the movement direction 4, the plurality of spots 3 are located at the same coordinate position in the lateral direction. become.
- FIG. 1 a case where three spots 3 overlap at the same position is depicted.
- the aggregate of spots 3 shown in Fig. 1 is the moment formed by one irradiation (one shot), but every time the substrate 1 is moved by about half the diameter of spot 3 When the irradiation is performed, it becomes possible to fill the entire surface of the substrate 1 with the connected spots.
- the actual mirror device 6 has 2408 ⁇ 512 micromirrors, for example, 64 spots can be arranged so as to irradiate the same position. 6 Exposure can be controlled in 4 steps.
- the drawing time of a drawing area of 132 ⁇ 10 O mm on the substrate is It is calculated from the formula shown in Fig. 3 (a). The description of the reference numerals in (a) is shown in (b).
- the intermediate light amount is used, it is not necessary to control the micromirror with a voltage unlike the conventional method that can draw a substrate at high speed. Has been simplified, malfunctions and adjustment errors are unlikely to occur, and accurate gradation can be obtained.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of pattern drawing by a pattern drawing device 200 having three pattern projection devices (not shown).
- the effective exposure areas 22 a, 22 b, and 22 c are moved by moving the substrate 20.
- Intermediate light intensity can be output at the set number of tones, but the number of tones is less than the set number in other areas. Therefore, three pattern projecting devices are arranged so that the exposure regions having the set number of gradations or less overlap each other.
- the two mirror device projection regions overlap even in the gradation number deficient regions 23a and 23b. It becomes possible to overlap.
- spots are round.
- the spots are not exposed, as shown in Fig. 5 (a), so that adjacent spots overlap as shown in (b). Need to be exposed.
- the number of times that the spots overlap may vary depending on the position, and thus the exposure may be slightly uneven.
- the spot shape may be hexagonal. According to this, as shown in Fig. 6, when the hexagons are closely arranged, it is possible to fill the entire surface with the same number of spots. Also, when the same position is exposed with a plurality of shots to produce an intermediate light amount, the number of shots can be easily controlled. Further, in order to realize a hexagonal spot, for example, the hole of the pinhole plate 8 in the pattern projecting device 10 shown in FIG. Although FIG. 6 shows a hexagon, an octagon may be used.
- the mask drawing apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 7 is an apparatus for drawing a mask for a general exposure apparatus on a mask substrate 31 by using a large mask 30 drawn by a pattern drawing apparatus 100. It is. That is, a pattern drawn on a large mask 30 several times as large as a normal mask is transferred to the mask substrate 31 by the reduction projection optical system 32. Since the large mask 30 is larger than a normal mask, it is fixed vertically in order to suppress bending by its own weight. For this reason, a 45-degree reflecting mirror 33 is used, so that the laser beam L 30 applied to the large mask 30 passes through the large-size mask 30 without being reflected by the 45-degree reflecting mirror 3. The light is reflected by 3 and can pass through the reduced projection optical system 32 to irradiate the mask substrate 31.
- the pattern writing apparatus of the present invention is used for writing a large mask 30 used for writing a normal mask, and the effect of the pattern writing apparatus of the present invention is as follows.
- the use of the intermediate light amount enables not only high-precision pattern drawing but also very high-speed pattern drawing. Therefore, the drawing time does not become enormous even for the large mask 30.
- the difference in the pattern drawing time depending on whether or not the intermediate light amount according to the present invention is used is described. Will be described with reference to FIG.
- the intermediate light amount is not used, as shown in (a).
- the number of spots is SZ d ⁇ 2 (times).
- the spot interval can be increased by the number of gradations (G) of the minimum grid (d).
- G * d the number of spots in the drawing area S appears to be SZ (G * d) "2 (pieces).
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a method for manufacturing the pinhole plate 8 in the projection apparatus 100 shown in FIG.
- a case is shown in which a square hole is made in the pinhole plate 8 by laser light.
- Laser light L50 from an excimer laser hits a metal mask 51 having a square hole.
- the laser beam L 51 passing through the hole of the metal mask 51 passes through the condenser lens 52 and strikes the pinhole plate 8.
- the condenser lens 52 forms a reduction projection optical system, and reduces and projects the image at the position of the metal mask 51 onto the pinhole plate 8.
- the laser beam L52 irradiated on the pinhole plate 8 becomes a small square, and a square hole is opened.
- the pinhole plate 8 is mounted on an XY stage (not shown), so that it is scanned in the X direction in the figure and steps in the Y direction. Therefore, a large number of square holes are formed in the pinhole plate 8 by the laser light L50 performing the repetitive pulse operation.
- an excimer laser was used for drilling holes.
- the reason for this is that the excimer laser has a short wavelength and a low reflectance on the metal surface, making it easy to process a metal plate, Since the width is as short as about 1 ns, even if laser irradiation is performed while continuously moving the pinhole plate 8, the distance traveled within the pulse width time can be reduced to several nanometers or less. Therefore, the square hole does not extend long.
- lasers that can be used such as fluorine lasers and femtosecond lasers, have good processing performance on metals and can be operated repeatedly, in addition to excimer lasers. Any laser can be used.
- the substrate is moved in the moving direction.
- the mirror device projection area may be moved obliquely with respect to the substrate.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a pattern drawing apparatus 100 as a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a pattern drawing method by the pattern drawing apparatus 100.
- the pattern drawing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 is roughly divided into a mask pattern projection unit 101, an XY stage 102, a mask pattern output unit 103, and a wavelength conversion type solid-state laser 1 serving as an ultraviolet light source. 0 and 4.
- the wavelength conversion type solid-state laser 104 uses the third harmonic of a YAG laser that performs repetitive pulse operation at 1000 Hz, and a pulsed laser beam with a wavelength of 365 nm. L 1 is taken out.
- the laser light L1 enters the mask pattern projection unit 101, is reflected by the mirror 105, and enters the mirror device 106, which is a two-dimensional array of minute mirrors.
- the mirror device 106 here 2 048 X 512 (ie, about 1,000,000) micromirrors are arranged vertically and horizontally at about 16 micron pitch.
- the deflection angle of each micromirror is controlled at a frame speed of 1000 Hz by the mask pattern data output device 103, but in the present invention, in only two directions, Control (ie, ON / OFF control). Accordingly, the laser beam L2 travels in the direction used for exposure.
- the laser beam L2 travels through the lenses 107a and 107b, and is transferred as a projection pattern 109 on the mask substrate 108. That is, the lenses 107a and 107b form a reduced projection optical system, and the surface of the mirror device 106 is reduced on the mask substrate 108 coated with the i-line resist. It is designed to project. Further, the mask substrate 108 is placed on the XY stage 102, whereby the projection pattern 109 can be moved over the entire area on the mask substrate 108, Patterns can be drawn on the entire surface of 108.
- FIG. 11 shows a time sequence of moving the projection pattern 109 in the X direction in FIG. Pa
- the pattern on the mirror device 106 is controlled with the number of frames of 10,000 Hz, so that a new pattern is projected on the mask substrate 108 every 0.1 ms. Therefore, FIGS. 11 (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) show the positions of the projection pattern 109 for every 0.1 ms (sequentially, 109 a, 109b, 109c, 109d, 109e) are shown.
- the pattern projected on the mask substrate 108 is moved by 1Z4 of the size (width in the X direction) of the projected pattern due to the generation of the pulsed laser light L1 every 0.1 lms.
- the movement of the projection pattern 109 is performed by moving the mask substrate 108 by the XY stage 102.
- the projection pattern overlaps four times over the entire surface of the mask substrate 108 because each projection pattern has a 3Z4 area overlapping between frames. Therefore, it is possible to output four gradations.
- the case of four gradations is illustrated for easy explanation, but actually, for example, it is preferable to perform about 50 gradations such that the area of 4950 overlaps between frames. According to this, the minimum grid can be reduced to about several nm.
- the repetition rate of the wavelength conversion type solid-state laser 104 as the light source is 10000 Hz, each generated pulse corresponds to each frame of the mirror device 106.
- the number of frames is an integral multiple of the number of frames of the mirror device 106.
- the mirror device One frame in 106 may be irradiated with two pulses of laser light. According to this, since a plurality of pulsed lights are supplied to the same pattern, an adverse effect due to a variation in pulse energy is reduced (that is, averaged).
- FIG. 12A shows only the outline of the projection pattern 109 shown in FIG. 10 for each frame.
- the projection pattern In Figure 12 four consecutive projection patterns 109 f, 109 g, 109 h, and 109 i are drawn slightly shifted in the Y direction in Figure 12, but they are actually at the same position in the ⁇ direction. I don't care.
- step once in the ⁇ direction and scan again in the X direction As a result, as shown in FIG. 12 (a), the pattern projected next to the projection pattern 9f is the projection pattern 109j, which slightly overlaps with the end of 109f.
- the pattern projected next to the four projection patterns 109f, 109g, 109h, and 109i one step later can be largely overlapped and projected.
- the projection patterns 109 k, 109 1, 109 m, and 109 n may overlap by 3/4. According to this, as a result of overlapping 3Z4 in the X direction and 3/4 in the Y direction, when the entire surface of the mask substrate 108 has been projected, the mask substrate 108 overlaps 16 times at all positions. You can get the tone.
- by performing overlap in two directions of X and Y abnormal exposure due to a joining error after a step can be reduced.
- the pattern drawing apparatus 200 of the present invention shown in FIG. 13 includes a mask pattern projection unit 101, a mask pattern data output apparatus 103, and the same components as the pattern drawing apparatus 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. And a wavelength conversion type solid-state laser 104 which is an ultraviolet light source.
- a pattern is drawn on the intermediate mask 201, and this is drawn by the reduction projection optical system 202 on the mask substrate 204 placed on the XY stage 205.
- a pattern writing apparatus 300 of the present invention has a configuration similar to that of the pattern writing apparatus 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 10, but a wavelength conversion type solid-state laser used as a light source.
- the device 304 is a device for generating the second harmonic of the YAG laser. Therefore, the laser beam L31 extracted from the laser device 304 is a green laser beam having a wavelength of 532 ⁇ m.
- the laser beam L31 is reflected by the mirror 305, hits the mirror device 306, and the laser beam L32 used for exposure travels downward and enters the lens 307a.
- an ultraviolet laser light L33 having a wavelength of 266 nm, which is the second harmonic of the laser light L31, is generated.
- the laser beam L33 passes through the lenses 307b and 307c and strikes the projection pattern 309 of the mask substrate 312 coated with the KrF resist.
- the projection pattern 309 is a pattern obtained by reducing and projecting the pattern of the mirror device 306.
- the feature of this embodiment is that the mirror device 303 is hardly deteriorated by using a laser device in the visible range as the wavelength conversion type solid-state laser device 304 as a light source. That is, conventionally, as one of the problems of the laser beam drawing apparatus using the mirror device, the mirror device may be deteriorated in a short time due to the irradiation of the ultraviolet laser light. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the mirror device 303 hardly deteriorates.
- a copper vapor laser may be used instead of the wavelength conversion type solid-state laser device 304 which is the light source of the present embodiment. It is known that a copper vapor laser can generate a laser beam having a high average output at a wavelength of 50.6 nm with a high repetition number of 50,000 to 30000 Hz. If this is used as a light source, the wavelength conversion element 315 can generate an ultraviolet laser beam L33 having a wavelength of 255.3 nm. Therefore, the mask substrate 312 coated with the KrF resist can be exposed more efficiently.
- KrF resists can obtain the best characteristics at the wavelength of KrF excimer laser at 248 nm, but the second harmonic of the copper vapor laser is This is because the wavelength is closer to 248 nm than the second harmonic of the YAG laser.
- FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of the pattern drawing apparatus 400 of the present invention as viewed from above.
- two ultraviolet lasers are used as light sources, which are a wavelength conversion type solid-state laser 404a and 404b, respectively.
- Each of the wavelength conversion type solid-state lasers 404a and 404b generates pulse laser light of the same energy at the same timing at a wavelength of 355nm and at a repetition rate of 0000Hz at the same timing by synchronous operation. It is supposed to.
- the laser light L41 extracted from the wavelength conversion type solid laser 404a is reflected by the mirror 405a and enters the beam splitter 410.
- the laser beam L 2 extracted from the wavelength conversion type solid laser 404 b also enters the beam splitter 410.
- the reflectance of the beam splitter 410 is also approximately 50%, and a laser beam having a wavelength of 355 nm is incident on the beam splitter 410 at an angle of 45 degrees. Therefore, both the laser beams L 43 and L 44 traveling from the beam splitter 410 have an average power.
- the laser light L43 is supplied to the mask pattern projection unit 401a, and the laser light L44 is reflected by the mirror 450b and then supplied to the mask pattern projection unit 401b.
- the structure of the mask pattern projecting sections 401a and 401b is the same as that of the mask pattern projecting section 101 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 10, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the feature of this embodiment is that two pulse lasers (that is, wavelength conversion type solid-state lasers 404a and 404b) are used as an ultraviolet light source, and the extracted laser light is beam split. That is, two laser beams formed via a laser (or half mirror) are used for exposure. As a result, the pulse energy variation between the two pulse lasers can be averaged, so that the energy variation of the pulse laser light supplied to the two mask pattern projection units 401a and 401b is reduced by the wavelength conversion. Pulse energy of the solid-state lasers 404a and 404b is smaller than the variation. Therefore, more uniform exposure can be performed.
- the number of ultraviolet light sources and the number of mask pattern projection units are two each. However, each number may be large, and for example, both may be four. It can also be provided. In that case, three beam splitters are required, but this has the effect of further reducing pulse energy variation.
- pulse energy variation can be reduced means that not only uniform exposure can be achieved, but also multiple exposures have conventionally been required if the dispersion is large, that is, multiple scans are performed in the same place. This has the effect of eliminating the problem that the time of one barrel becomes longer.
- FIG. 16 is a configuration diagram of the pattern drawing device 500 as viewed from above
- FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram of the pattern drawing device 600 as viewed from above.
- a configuration in which a plurality of light sources are used is shown as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, and FIG. 16 shows a case in which three light sources are used, and FIG.
- the present invention mainly relates to a method for synthesizing a laser beam when the light source is used.
- three pulse laser apparatuses 504a, 504b, and 504c are used as light sources.
- the laser beams L51, L52, and L53 travel along dotted lines in the figure.
- the laser beam L51 is reflected by the mirror 505a, is incident on the beam splitter 510a having a reflectance of 50%, and is split into transmission and reflection in half.
- the laser beam L51 is included in about 33.3% in all of the laser beams L54, L55, and L56.
- the laser beams L52 and L53 are also contained at about 33.3%. Accordingly, the pulse energy of the laser beams L54, L55, and L56 becomes the average value of the pulse energies of the laser beams L51, L52, and L53, so that the pulse energy variation is reduced.
- the laser beams L 61, L 63, and L 64 extracted from the four pulse laser devices 604 a, 604 b, 604 c, and 604 d used in the pattern drawing device 600 have a large number of mirrors 605 as shown in the figure. a to 605 h, and four beam splitters 6 10 a, 6 10 b, 610 c, and 6 10 d, the division and synthesis are repeated, and the four laser beams L 65 and L 66 , L 67 and L 68 are generated.
- the four beam splitters 6 10a, 610b, 610c, and 610d all have a reflectance of 50% (a transmittance of 50%), and the laser beams L61, L62, L63 , L 64 each enter the beam splitter twice, so that they all have 1/4 energy and are distributed into four beams. Therefore, the four laser beams L 65, L 66, L 67, and L 68
- the laser beams L61, L62, L63, L61, L62, L63, and L64 all contain equal energy, that is, they are averaged. , And the energy variation in L64 is reduced to less than half.
- a beam splitter used for dividing and combining a plurality of laser beams extracted from a plurality of pulse laser devices is described.
- a type is used which is hardly dependent on the polarization direction of the incident laser light and is divided into reflection and transmission having a specific ratio.
- a type having a large difference in reflectance (or transmittance) with respect to the polarization direction of the laser beam as generally called a polarization beam splitter, may be used.
- the extracted laser light is often linearly polarized light, so it is also possible to combine two beams into one by polarization beam splitting.
- one laser beam can be generated from two pulse laser devices, pulse energy variation can be reduced even when only one mask pattern projection unit is used.
- two laser beams can be supplied to two mask pattern projection units by four pulse laser devices.
- FIG. 18 is a configuration diagram of a pattern drawing apparatus 100 as a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the pattern drawing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 18 is roughly composed of a mirror device 1, a reduction projection optical system 2, an XY stage 3, and an ultraviolet pulse laser device 5 as an ultraviolet light source.
- the ultraviolet pulse laser device 5 uses the third harmonic of a YAG laser that performs a repetitive pulse operation of 1000 Hz, and a pulsed ultraviolet light L having a wavelength of 365 nm. 1 is taken out.
- the ultraviolet light L 1 passes through the mirrors 6 a and 6 b, passes through the shaping optical system 7, is expanded in the beam system, and hits the half mirror 8.
- the half mirror 18 reflects about 98% of the ultraviolet light L 2 and impinges on the mirror device 1.
- the mirror device 1 has a small size of 102 4 X 768 (that is, about 800,000).
- the mirrors are arranged vertically and horizontally at a pitch of about 14 microns.
- the ultraviolet light that has hit mirror device 1 the light that reflects and travels in the direction used for exposure (that is, the light that hits the micromirror that performs ON operation in mirror device 1) reflects ultraviolet light L3.
- the ultraviolet light L3 passes through the reduction projection optical system 2 composed of a number of lenses, and is irradiated onto the mask substrate 4 placed on the XY stage 3. That is, the surface of the mirror device 1 is reduced and projected on the mask substrate 4 coated with the i-line resist by the reduction projection optical system 2.
- the mask substrate 4 is placed on the XY stage 3, and is constituted by 0N micromirrors from the mirror device 1 over the entire area of the mask substrate 4 by scanning in the X direction and steps in the Y direction.
- the irradiation position of the ultraviolet light L 4 having the projection pattern can be moved, and the pattern can be drawn on the entire surface of the mask substrate 4.
- the present embodiment uses a gray scale as shown in FIG. In FIG. 19, as the mask substrate 4 moves in the scanning direction (X direction) of the XY stage 3 in FIG. 18, the ultraviolet light L4 is irradiated on the mask substrate 4 at a position slightly shifted on a shot-by-shot basis. It shows the appearance.
- the pattern on the mirror device 1 is controlled by the number of frames of 10000 Hz as described above, so that a new pattern is projected on the mask substrate 4 every 0.1 lms. Therefore, the lower part of FIG. 19 shows the positions of the projected patterns (20 a, 20 b, 20 c, 20 d, 2 O e) at time intervals of 0.1 lms.
- the pattern projected on the mask substrate 4 is shifted by 1Z4 of the size of the projected pattern (width in the X direction) due to the generation of the pulsed ultraviolet light L1 every 0.1 lms. . That is, in this embodiment, since each projection pattern has an area of 3/4 overlapping between frames, the projection patterns overlap four times over the entire surface of the mask substrate 4. Therefore, four levels of gradation can be obtained. However, in this embodiment, the case of four gradations is illustrated for easy explanation. However, actually, it is preferable to perform, for example, about 100 gradations such that the area of 99/100 overlaps between frames. According to this method, the minimum dalid is as small as 1 nm. I can do it.
- the ultraviolet light L4 is the pulse laser light from the ultraviolet pulse laser apparatus 5
- the exposure amount of each exposure pattern shown with time at the bottom of FIG. Were not equal, and it was difficult to reproduce the gray scale accurately. Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 18, the ultraviolet light L2 is slightly transmitted through the half mirror 8, and the energy is measured by the photodetector 9.
- the signal of the energy value from the photodetector is transmitted to the grayscale correction device 10 by the signal line 1 la, where the grayscale for correcting the energy variation is calculated, and the signal is calculated based on the calculation result.
- the line lib controls the ON / OFF operation of each micro mirror in the mirror device 1. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 20, it is assumed that each pulse energy of ultraviolet light is different for each shot. In this case, by measuring the pulse energy value from time to time, for example, if a pulse train with an energy value smaller than the target value occurs, the number of overlapping spots when reproducing the sagging scale will be increased. In addition, if a pulse train in which the energy value is larger than the target value occurs, the correction is performed so that the number of overlapping spots when reproducing gray scale is reduced.
- the mirror device 1 is subjected to minute position control of several nanometers by a piezoelectric element, thereby controlling the pattern position projected on the mask substrate 4. The reason is that the amount of movement of the pattern position projected on the mask substrate 4 is smaller than the amount of movement of the mirror device 1 by the reduction magnification of the reduced projection optical system 2, so that the pattern position is finely controlled. Because we can.
- the pattern drawing apparatus 200 of the present invention 200 shown in FIG. 21 has an optical pattern generation unit 230, a DMD 231, which receives and reflects laser light supplied from an ultraviolet laser device (not shown), and a reflection. And a microlens array 232 that receives the laser light L21. Further, by passing through the microlens array 2 32, the narrowed laser beam L 2 1 is condensed on the pinhole plate 2 3 3, and the laser beam L 2 2 condensed on the pinhole plate 2 3 3 Forms a DMD projection pattern 236 on the mother mask 202 via a reduction projection optical system 235 composed of lenses 234a and 234b.
- the pinhole plate 233 is formed by forming a metal film on quartz glass, and the metal film has many fine holes having a diameter of about 1 m.
- the fine holes in the pinhole plate 2 33 correspond to the micro mirrors of the DMD 2 3 1.
- the size of each micro mirror in DMD 2 31 is about 14.
- an ultraviolet laser device that continuously oscillates at the fourth harmonic of a YAG laser having a wavelength of 266 nm is used as a light source used in the pattern drawing device 200. Therefore, it is desirable that the illustrated DMD 231 is incorporated in a UV-compatible DMD drive mechanism. In this case, it is desirable that the UV-compatible DMD drive mechanism has a configuration for cooling the DMD 231 by circulating gas or the like.
- a pinhole plate 233 will be described as a member for improving the drawing performance of the pattern drawing apparatus 200 shown in FIG.
- the pinhole plate 233 used in the light pattern generator 230 of the pattern drawing apparatus 200 shown in FIG. The film is mounted on a quartz glass.
- the reduction ratio of the microlens array 232 is about 1 Z4
- the spot on the pinhole plate 233 has a diameter of about 3.5 ⁇ m.
- the diameter of the hole of the pinhole plate 233 was set to 3.5 microns, and the laser light was extracted without waste.
- the reduction magnification of the reduction projection optical system 235 was about 1 Z 5
- the diameter of each spot forming the DMD projection pattern 236 was about 0.7 ⁇ m.
- the hole diameter in the pinhole plate 233 is about 1 micron
- the diameter of each spot forming the DMD projection pattern 236 becomes about 0.2 micron
- the DMD A finer pattern than before can be formed without reducing the projection pattern 236 itself.
- the spot diameter condensed by the microlens array 232 is about 3.5 microns
- the ratio of the amount of laser light that can be emitted from the about 1-micron hole in the pinhole plate 233 is about 8%. %
- And about 92% of the laser light is used to heat the pinhole plate 233.
- Peltier elements 330a and 330b are attached to both sides of the arrangement of the pinholes in the pinhole plate 233, thereby forcing the pinhole plate 233 during the exposure. Cooling.
- the surface to which the Peltier elements 330a and 330b are attached is the surface on which the metal film is attached on the pinhole plate 23. This is because the metal film has a high thermal conductivity, and the effect of cooling the entire pinhole plate 2333 is enhanced by the Peltier elements 330a and 330b.
- the pinhole plate 2 33 can be cooled during exposure, the temperature of the pinhole plate 2 33 does not greatly increase.
- the hole plate 2 3 3 does not greatly expand. Therefore, the DMD projection pattern 236 is accurately projected at the designed position on the mother mask 202 without the relative position of each pinhole being largely shifted during exposure.
- the pinhole plate 23 having sufficiently small holes of about 1 micron can be obtained without increasing the reduction magnification of the microlens array 23. 3 can be used, so even if the spot diameter in the pattern of the DMD 2 31 can be reduced to about 0.2 ⁇ m, the reduction projection optical system 2 35 has a reduction magnification of 1 Z 4 to 1 Magnification as low as 5/5 is now available.
- the reduction projection optical system 235 can use a reduction projection optical system in a normal i-line exposure apparatus or a reduction projection optical system in a KrF exposure apparatus. These exposures Since the apparatus is mass-produced by an exposure apparatus maker, a reduced projection optical system can be obtained at low cost, and the pattern drawing apparatus 210 can be manufactured at low cost. It is widely known that the reduction magnification of the reduction projection optical system in the i'-line exposure apparatus is 1/5, and the reduction magnification of the reduction projection optical system in the KrF exposure apparatus is 1Z4.
- the reduction magnification of these reduced projection optical systems is not exactly 1/4 or 1Z5, but is generally between lZ3.5 and l / 4.5, respectively, and 1Z4 Adjustable between 5 and 1 / 5.5. Therefore, in the present invention, the cost of the apparatus can be reduced particularly by using the reduction projection optical system for the exposure apparatus.
- the pinhole plate 233 of the present embodiment is obtained by attaching a metal film on a quartz glass substrate, and copper, aluminum, gold or the like having a high thermal conductivity is suitable as the metal film.
- copper is the most preferable because it can be attached by plating and has a feature that it can be manufactured at low cost.
- an electron beam exposure apparatus 400 In order to make a hole in this metal film, it is preferable to use an electron beam exposure apparatus 400.
- the accelerated electrons 410 emitted from the electron gun 401 advance while being somewhat narrowed by the electron lens 402a, and an aperture 4003 having a round hole is formed. Hit. Electrons passing through the hole of the aperture 403 are converted by the electron lens 402 b into the pinhole plate 233 coated with the resist 404 (however, since the pinhole is not vacant at this point, the metal film This is a quartz glass with a symbol.) It is projected onto the top, and the resist 404 is exposed in a hole shape. After the exposure of all holes is completed, the pinhole plate 233 coated with the resist 404 is developed and further etched, so that many fine holes can be formed in the metal film.
- the reason that the electron beam exposure apparatus 400 is used to form a hole in the metal film is that the electron beam can instantaneously correct a small distance of several nm by the electron lens 402b. Therefore, spot exposure can be performed on the substrate with high positional accuracy of several nm or less.
- Figure 25 shows the pulse laser device 501 (A) to (1) are chronological illustrations showing the projected positions of the DMD projection pattern 507 on the substrate 505 when the DMD 503 is operated at 10,000 Hz with the DMD 503. The number of micro mirrors to be performed is small.
- the DMD projection pattern 507 projected into the substrate 505 is shown by hatching.
- the DMD projection pattern 507 projected in the X direction every 0.1 lms is projected by the scan of the substrate 505 while partially overlapping in the X direction.
- step in the Y direction on the XY stage 506 projection is performed while partially overlapping and transferring in the Y direction.
- (a), (e) and (i) will be overlapped in the Y direction.
- the DMD projection pattern 507 is overlap-transferred in the two directions of X and Y, thereby realizing gray scale. As a result, the errors in both the scan and step positions are averaged out, so that the stitching exposure in the step direction becomes unnecessary, and no abnormal exposure occurs.
- the present invention is applicable to a mask drawing apparatus for manufacturing a mask used in an exposure step in the manufacture of a semiconductor integrated circuit, a maskless exposure apparatus for directly drawing on a wafer, and the like.
- the pattern drawing apparatus of the present invention since gradation can be output without performing fine voltage control on the mirror device, not only high-precision and high-speed drawing can be performed, but also an intermediate light amount can be generated accurately and without malfunction. it can.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04726740A EP1662552A1 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2004-04-09 | Pattern plotting device and pattern plotting method |
| US10/552,731 US7663734B2 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2004-04-09 | Pattern writing system and pattern writing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003107776A JP4344162B2 (ja) | 2003-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | パターン描画装置及びパターン描画方法 |
| JP2003-107776 | 2003-04-11 | ||
| JP2003148362A JP4502596B2 (ja) | 2003-05-26 | 2003-05-26 | パターン描画方法及びパターン描画装置 |
| JP2003-148362 | 2003-05-26 | ||
| JP2003-353433 | 2003-10-14 | ||
| JP2003353433A JP4250052B2 (ja) | 2003-10-14 | 2003-10-14 | パターン描画方法、及びパターン描画装置 |
| JP2003363460A JP2005128238A (ja) | 2003-10-23 | 2003-10-23 | マスクリピータ、パターン描画装置、及びグレースケール手法 |
| JP2003-363460 | 2003-10-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004095549A1 true WO2004095549A1 (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
Family
ID=33314357
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/005134 Ceased WO2004095549A1 (ja) | 2003-04-11 | 2004-04-09 | パターン描画装置及びパターン描画方法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7663734B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1662552A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI356973B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004095549A1 (ja) |
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| DE102008022014B3 (de) * | 2008-05-02 | 2009-11-26 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Dynamische Strahlumlenkung eines Laserstrahls |
| KR20090124179A (ko) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 노광 장치의 빔위치 오차 측정 방법 및 이를 이용한 노광장치 |
| JP5253037B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-18 | 2013-07-31 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 露光装置、露光方法、及び表示用パネル基板の製造方法 |
| EP2336810A1 (de) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Boegli-Gravures S.A. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Farbmustern mittels Beugungsgitter |
| EP2336823A1 (de) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Boegli-Gravures S.A. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Masken für eine Laseranlage zur Erzeugung von Mikrostrukturen. |
| US8743165B2 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2014-06-03 | Micronic Laser Systems Ab | Methods and device for laser processing |
| KR102099880B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-06 | 2020-04-10 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 유효 열 전자 강화 유닛을 갖는 리소그래피 장치 및 패턴 형성 방법 |
| KR102171301B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-09 | 2020-10-29 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Dmd를 이용한 디지털 노광기 및 그 제어 방법 |
| DE102014203040A1 (de) * | 2014-02-19 | 2015-08-20 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Beleuchtungssystem einer mikrolithographischen Projektionsbelichtungsanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen |
| CN108062007B (zh) * | 2016-11-07 | 2019-11-12 | 俞庆平 | 一种提高光刻能量均匀性和改善拼接的方法 |
| JP7020859B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-24 | 2022-02-16 | キヤノン株式会社 | 照明光学系、露光装置および物品の製造方法 |
| WO2021028035A1 (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2021-02-18 | Ceramic Data Solution GmbH | Method for long-term storage of information and storage medium therefor |
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| CN115843362B (zh) | 2020-07-03 | 2025-07-04 | 陶瓷数据解决方案有限公司 | 用于长期存储信息的方法和信息存储介质的提高存储能力 |
| EP4176382A1 (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2023-05-10 | Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH | Information storage method and information storage medium with increased storage density by multi-bit coding |
| PL3955248T3 (pl) * | 2020-08-11 | 2026-02-23 | Ceramic Data Solutions GmbH | Zapisywanie danych na materiale ceramicznym |
| CN112286008B (zh) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-07-05 | 江苏迪盛智能科技有限公司 | 一种激光直写能量校正方法及装置 |
| CN116868269A (zh) | 2021-03-16 | 2023-10-10 | 陶瓷数据解决方案有限公司 | 利用超分辨率技术的数据载体、读取方法和系统 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI356973B (en) | 2012-01-21 |
| US7663734B2 (en) | 2010-02-16 |
| US20060147841A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| EP1662552A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| TW200500817A (en) | 2005-01-01 |
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