WO2001031395A1 - Liquid crystal display and method for manufacturing the same, and method for driving liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Abstract

A conventional OCB liquid crystal display involves a problem that a display defect occurs under a specific drive condition or in a specific temperature range and hence the contrast degrades. A liquid crystal display according to the invention has voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed inside a liquid crystal panel and a voltage limiting circuit for maintaining the applied voltage above a predetermined voltage necessary to maintain the aligned state of the liquid crystal used for display. Therefore no display defect due to alignment transition from bend to spray occurs. The liquid crystal display further has black level voltage adjusting means for adjusting the black level display voltage at which black level display is effected or color adjusting means for adjusting the color when white is displayed. Therefore high contrast display and reliable color reproducibility are realized.

Description

 Description Liquid crystal display device, method of manufacturing the same, and method of driving the liquid crystal display device

 The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device used for a liquid crystal television, a portable device A, and the like. Background technology

 At present, the TN type (twisted state nematic type) is mainly used as a liquid crystal display device which is generally used in many cases. In recent years, various reports have been made on OCB (optically compensated bend) type liquid crystal display devices (sometimes called '7C cells'). . This mode has the features of fast response and wide viewing angle.い For details of the CB-type liquid crystal display device, refer to “IEICE Technical Report of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, £ DI98-144page199”.

 Here, a conventional OCB type liquid crystal display device will be briefly described with reference to FIG. FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional OCB-type liquid crystal display device. FIG. 21 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the conventional OCB-type liquid crystal display device when no voltage is applied. ) Is a schematic sectional view in the same voltage applied state.

Nematic liquid crystal is injected between the substrates 2 and 3 constituting the OCB type liquid crystal display device 1, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal to which no voltage is applied is the spray state 4. (Figure 21 (a)). When a relatively large voltage is applied to this liquid crystal layer when the power is turned on, the transition from this splay configuration to the bend configuration (Fig. 21 (b)) occurs. Let me do it. Konobe It is a feature of the OCB mode that the display is performed using the terminal orientation state 5, and the device that changes the transmittance of the panel by changing the magnitude of the voltage. . Figure 22 shows the voltage-transmittance characteristics of such an OCB-type liquid crystal display device. The transmittance decreases with increasing applied voltage.

 The OCB type liquid crystal display device is usually operated within a voltage range such that the liquid crystal inside the liquid crystal panel maintains the bend alignment. That is, when the voltage becomes lower than a certain voltage, the splay orientation state becomes stable, so that the splay orientation transition occurs. This voltage is referred to as a transition voltage VL. When the transition from the bend orientation to the spray orientation occurs, the transmittance of the white level display sharply decreases, as in m 2 2 (applied voltage <VL). FIG. 22 is a graph showing the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the OCB type liquid crystal display device. At this time, there is a problem that the appearance differs greatly depending on the angle of observation. In addition, this transition is an irreversible change, and the pixel once having the spray orientation remains as a display defect (bright spot, etc.) on the liquid crystal display device. This prevents normal display operation.

 In addition, a TN type liquid crystal display device or the like may be provided with a sharpening circuit for making a displayed image clear. The sharpening circuit is a circuit for driving a liquid crystal display device by applying a differential wave to a rectangular wave of a voltage between liquid crystal substrates and a differential wave.

 Further, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-49509, a liquid crystal display device (parallel to a CB type liquid crystal display device) with a parallel rubbing process is used. A liquid crystal display device in which the phase difference of the layers satisfies a predetermined relationship has been proposed. This relation is characterized in that the phase difference is (M + 1) λ / 2 at the first voltage and Μλ 2 at the second voltage. Where Μ is an integer and λ is the wavelength of visible light.

Since the liquid crystal display does not emit light by itself, the liquid crystal display is Light is required. The irradiation light source of this external irradiation light is defined as a backlight element. Cold cathode tubes, which are one of the mainstream backlight devices, are mainly fluorescent, lamps, light guide plates, diffusion plates, prism sheets, polarization conversion devices. It is composed of

 However, in the O.CB type liquid crystal display device, there is a problem that a display defect occurs under a specific driving condition or a specific temperature range, and there is a problem that contrast is reduced. Disclosure of the invention

 That is, in order to solve the above problem, the invention of claim 1 has voltage applying means for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel, and the voltage applying means comprises the voltage applying means. In a liquid crystal display device which performs display by changing an applied voltage, an applied voltage by the voltage applying means is set to a predetermined voltage or more necessary for maintaining an alignment state of a liquid crystal used for display. It is characterized by having voltage limiting means.

 The voltage limiting means can maintain the alignment state of the liquid crystal used for display, so that a liquid crystal display device free from display defects can be provided. .

 As the voltage limiting means, a voltage limiting circuit can be used. In addition, when the voltage limiting circuit has a limiting voltage adjusting means for adjusting the limit voltage, the predetermined voltage may fluctuate (for example, depending on the temperature or the like). Valid).

 Further, when the liquid crystal display device is provided with a sharpening circuit, the voltage limiting circuit can maintain the state of the liquid crystal used for display in the E-direction, and a display defect occurs. There is no.

Further, the limit voltage and the display voltage can be adjusted independently. If so, the limit voltage will not fluctuate due to the adjustment of the display voltage.

 The invention according to claim 11 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein when the orientation state of the liquid crystal performing the display is a display orientation state, the voltage is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage. The feature is that there exists a non-display alignment state different from the display alignment state in the above.

 The invention according to claim 12 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a voltage at which the liquid crystal transitions from the display orientation state to the non-display orientation state is defined as a dislocation voltage. At this time, the predetermined voltage at each operating temperature is always higher than the transposition voltage at each operating temperature.

Also, the invention of claim 1 3, in Oh Tsu liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 2, can and the maximum value of the transition voltage Contact only that the use temperature range was VL _max, each It is characterized in that a voltage value always equal to or higher than VL _{max at} the temperature is set as the predetermined voltage.

 With this configuration, it is possible that the liquid crystal does not transition from the display orientation state to the non-display orientation state and display defects occur in the operating temperature range. Absent .

 In addition, the above-mentioned configuration has a temperature detecting means for detecting an operating temperature, and a voltage adjusting means for changing the predetermined voltage in accordance with the detected temperature. It can be configured. Further, when the alignment state of the liquid crystal changes from the display alignment state to the non-display alignment state, the alignment state of the liquid crystal changes from the non-display alignment state to the display alignment state. It is possible to adopt a configuration having restoring means for restoring.

The invention according to claim 16 has voltage applying means for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel, and changes a voltage applied by the voltage applying means to perform display. And applying the voltage applied by the voltage applying means to a display. A method of driving a liquid crystal display device having voltage limiting means for maintaining a predetermined voltage or more necessary for maintaining the alignment state of the liquid crystal, wherein the liquid crystal alignment state for performing the display is provided. When the display orientation state is set to the display orientation state, the non-display arrangement state is different from the display orientation state at a voltage equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage, and the voltage limiting means is controlled by controlling the voltage limiting means. The display is performed by applying a voltage equal to or higher than the predetermined voltage by applying means.

 By adopting such a driving method, the orientation of the liquid crystal used for display can be maintained by the voltage limiting means. Does not occur.

 The invention according to claim 17 is a liquid crystal display device having voltage applying means for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel, and performing display by the voltage applying means. When the voltage value for displaying the black level is set as the black level display voltage value, the device has a black level voltage adjusting means for adjusting the black level display voltage value. You

 The invention according to claim 18 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal is increased, the light transmittance is gradually reduced. It is characterized by turning to an increase.

According to the above configuration, the black level display voltage value can be adjusted by the black level voltage adjustment means for adjusting the black level display voltage value, and a high controller can be obtained. It is possible to maintain the list display. In addition, when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal is increased, it is possible to suppress the grayscale inversion display that occurs when the light transmittance decreases and then increases. It is possible to adopt a configuration having an adjusting means for independently adjusting the black level display voltage value and the white level display voltage value which is a voltage value indicating the white level. Further, the white level display voltage value, which is the voltage value for displaying the white level when adjusting the black level display voltage value, does not fluctuate. As a result, display defects do not occur.

 Further, it is possible to adopt a configuration having a detecting means for detecting the black level display voltage value. Further, the liquid crystal display has a configuration including light quantity detecting means for detecting a light quantity, and voltage applying means for changing a voltage applied to the liquid crystal in accordance with the detected light quantity. You can do that too.

 The invention according to claim 27 has a voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and performs display by the voltage applying means to perform black level display. When the voltage value is a black level display voltage value, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having a black level voltage adjusting means for adjusting the black level display voltage value. It is characterized by having a step of adjusting the voltage value.

 By adopting such a method, a liquid crystal display device in which the contrast is reduced and the grayscale inversion display is suppressed can be obtained.

 Further, in the above method, the black level display voltage value and the white level display voltage value which is a voltage value for displaying the white level can be independently adjusted, and the black level display voltage value can be adjusted. During the adjustment, the white level display voltage value does not change.

 The invention according to claim 35 has a voltage applying means for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel, and performs display by changing an applied voltage by the voltage applying means. A liquid crystal display device characterized by having a color adjusting means for adjusting a color when displaying a black level.

The invention according to claim 36 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 35, wherein the liquid crystal panel has at least one substrate and a color display for displaying a plurality of colors. And a black level display voltage value for at least one color display is different from a black level display voltage value for another color display among the plurality of types of color displays. This is the feature. ' With this configuration, the color when displaying the black level can be adjusted by the color adjusting means. The black level display voltage value for at least one color display is different from the black level display voltage value for another color display among the plurality of types of color displays. By adjusting the color by the color adjusting means, the maximum brightness is obtained and the maximum contrast is realized.

 For the color display means, a color filter or a knock light element based on a sequential color illumination method can be used. .

 Further, a polarizing plate may be provided outside the liquid crystal panel, and the transmittance of the polarizing plate may be different within a specific wavelength range. Further, it is preferable to use a polarizing plate having the largest transmittance of light on the short wavelength side. With this configuration, it is possible to achieve high color purity during black display.

 The invention of claim 47 has voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and performs display by changing the applied voltage by the voltage applying means. A liquid crystal display device, comprising a backlight element and color display means for displaying a plurality of colors, and at least one of the plurality of colors. The black level display voltage value that displays the black level corresponding to the other color display is different from the black level display voltage value that displays the black level corresponding to other color displays. .

 With the above configuration, a liquid crystal display in which the contrast is reduced and the grayscale inversion display is suppressed by the black level voltage adjusting means for adjusting the black level display voltage value. You can get the equipment.

In the above configuration, there is provided a means having means for independently adjusting the black level display voltage value and the white level display voltage value which is a voltage value for displaying the white level. You can do it. The black level display voltage value It is possible to have a configuration in which the white level display voltage value, which is the voltage value when displaying the white level at the time of adjustment, does not change.

 Further, the color display means uses a color filter having a plurality of types of color pixels or a back light element for performing a plurality of types of color display. It is possible to use a standard color lighting system.

 In addition, the above-mentioned configuration can be configured to include a black level adjusting unit. In addition, the black level adjusting means is a single system of voltage adjusting means in which the black level display voltage value of each color display fluctuates in conjunction therewith, or the black level display voltage value of each color display is linked in coordination. It also means two systems of voltage regulation that fluctuate.

 In addition, the above-mentioned sequential color lighting type of a black light element is used, and a plurality of kinds of color display are three kinds of color display of red display, green display and blue display. In this case, the black level display voltage value in the blue display color display is the lowest among the three types of color display.

 In addition, the light emission pulse height of the backlight element is a green display and a red display, which are displayed in blue from the lower side. In addition, the light emission pulse time of the backlight element is from a short one to green display to red display to blue display to red display.

 The invention of claim 68 is a liquid crystal display having a voltage applying means for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel, and having a color display means for performing a plurality of types of color display. A method of manufacturing a device, comprising: a black level adjusting step of adjusting at least one of the plurality of types of color display to a different black level display voltage value. You

 By adopting such a method, a liquid crystal display in which the contrast is reduced and the gradation inversion display is suppressed by the black level voltage adjusting means for adjusting the black level display voltage value. You can get the equipment.

According to the invention of claim 89, a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel. A liquid crystal display device that has a voltage applying means for applying the voltage and changes the voltage applied by the voltage applying means to perform display, and adjusts the color when displaying white. It is characterized by having adjusting means.

 The invention according to claim 90 is the liquid crystal display device according to claim 89, comprising at least one substrate and color display means for displaying a plurality of types of colors. When the voltage value for displaying the white level is set as the white level display voltage value, the white level display voltage value for at least one of the plurality of color displays is at least one. It differs from the white level display voltage value for other color display.

 With the above-described configuration, it is possible to realize reliable color reproducibility and achieve high color purity.

 The color display means is a color filter having a plurality of types of color pixels, or is provided on the back side of the liquid crystal panel for performing a plurality of types of color display. Can be used as a knockout child of the sequential character illumination method.

 Further, in the above configuration, at least one substrate is provided, and the substrate is provided with a plurality of types of color pixels for displaying a plurality of types of colors, and one of the plurality of types of color pixels is provided. At least, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer for one color pixel can be different from the thickness of the liquid crystal layer for another color pixel.

 The thickness of the color filter for at least one color pixel of the plurality of color pixels is the thickness of the color filter for other color pixels. The configuration can be different from that of.

Further, the effective pixel area of at least one of the plural types of color pixels may be different from the effective pixel area of the other color pixels. Further, the pixel transmittance of at least one of the plurality of types of color pixels is different from the pixel transmittance of the other color pixels. You can also do it.

 In addition, in the above configuration, display can be performed using a black writing method. In that case, at least the black writing time for one color pixel can be made different.

 The invention according to claim 105 has voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and the display is performed by changing the applied voltage by the voltage applying means. A liquid crystal display device having at least one substrate and color display means for displaying a plurality of colors, and a voltage value for displaying a white level is a level display voltage value. In this case, the white level display voltage value for at least one of the plurality of types of color display is different for at least one type of color pixel. .

 According to the above configuration, it is possible to realize reliable color reproducibility and realize pure color purity.

 In the above configuration, the white level display voltage value and the black level are displayed.The black level display voltage value, which is the voltage value when displaying, is independently adjusted. . Further, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the black level display voltage value, which is the voltage value for displaying the black level when adjusting the white level display voltage value, does not change.

The invention according to claim 13 has voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and performs display by changing the applied voltage by the voltage applying means. A liquid crystal display device, wherein the liquid crystal panel has at least one substrate, and the substrate has a plurality of color pixels for displaying a plurality of colors; The effective pixel area of at least one of the plurality of types of color pixels is different from the effective pixel area of the other color pixels. More specifically, of the plurality of types of color pixels, the color pixel transmitting the shortest wavelength light has the smallest effective pixel area. This is the feature.

 According to the above configuration, even at the same white level display voltage value, almost the same transmittance can be obtained in a plurality of color pixels, and the color purity and the color purity are high. Trust is realized.

 In the case where the plurality of color pixels are of three types, that is, red transmission, green transmission, and blue transmission, the above effect is achieved by minimizing the effective pixel area of the blue transmission color pixel. Is achieved.

 The invention according to claim 140, wherein the liquid crystal is sealed in a liquid crystal panel having at least one substrate, and further includes voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal. A liquid crystal display device for performing display by changing an applied voltage, wherein the substrate has a plurality of types of color pixels for displaying a plurality of types of colors. It is characterized in that the pixel transmittance of at least one of the kinds of color pixels is different from the pixel transmittance of the other color pixels. More specifically, of the plurality of types of color pixels, the pixel transmittance of a color pixel transmitting the light of the shortest wavelength is the smallest. According to the above configuration, almost the same transmittance can be obtained in each color pixel even at the same white level display voltage value, and high color purity and high contrast are realized. Be done. In addition, such a configuration uses a conventional TFT element having a constant effective pixel area, a color filter, and a black matrix structure. Adjustment of the color balance of the white display can be realized as it is.

 In the case where the plurality of color pixels are of three types, that is, red transmission, green transmission, and blue transmission, the effect can be improved by minimizing the effective pixel area of the blue transmission color pixels. Is achieved.

The invention of claim 144 has voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and performs display by changing the applied voltage by the voltage applying means. A liquid crystal display device, the back of the liquid crystal panel On the side, there is a packing element, and the packing element is characterized in that the light intensity is high on the long wavelength side.

 In the above configuration, it is more preferable that the emission wavelength of the backlight element in the vicinity of 610 nm is at least twice as large as the emission wavelength in the vicinity of 430 nm. It is preferably at least 1.78 times. As a result, it is possible to maintain the color balance when the entire liquid crystal display device displays white.

 Further, in the above configuration, in the xy chromaticity coordinates of the light emission of the package light element, X is 0.32 or more, and more preferably X is '0..36 or more, and more preferably, X is 0.40 or more. By doing so, it is possible to apply the present invention to office automation equipment that requires reproducibility of color purity.

 In addition, coloring means, specifically, a prism sheet may be provided in the self-packed element. In addition, scattering means having coloring properties on the backlight element, specifically, a scattering plate provided on a diffusion plate or a light guide plate constituting the backlight element Even if a dot or a polarization conversion element is provided, it is possible to maintain high color balance during white display and achieve high color purity during black display. I can do it.

 The invention of claim 16 has a voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and changes the applied voltage by the voltage applying means to display an image. The liquid crystal display device includes a voltage application means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal and a color display means for performing a plurality of types of color display, and at least the plurality of types of color displays are provided. The gamma characteristics are different for one type of color display.

According to the above configuration, a liquid crystal display device that exhibits a high contrast and a correct gradation display change can be obtained. Further, the invention of claim 169 has a voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and changes an applied voltage by the voltage application ^ stage. This is a liquid crystal display device that adjusts the amount of birefringence of the liquid crystal and performs display, and the liquid crystal display when a voltage is applied that applies a display that minimizes the amount of transmitted light. It is characterized in that the difference between the phase difference of the liquid crystal when applying a voltage for displaying the largest phase difference and the amount of transmitted light is smaller than λ Z 2.

 With such a configuration, a liquid crystal display device with stable gradation and good contrast can be obtained.

 As the liquid crystal display device described above, a liquid crystal display device in a mode in which the display is performed by changing the amount of birefringence of the liquid crystal can be applied. More specifically, a configuration in which the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal in contact with the pair of substrates has a substantially parallel orientation so that the liquid crystal has a positional relationship symmetrical with respect to a center plane between the substrates. For example, a liquid crystal display device can be applied. Brief explanation of drawings

 FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a part of an OCB type liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

 FIG. 2 is a block diagram when a sharpening circuit and a voltage limiting circuit are installed in the OCB type liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.

 FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a voltage waveform when a sharpening circuit and a voltage limiting circuit are installed in the OCB type liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.

 FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a system for setting an optimal white level display voltage value for a temperature environment in an OCB type liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows an OCB-type liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. This is a graph showing the gamma correction curve of the display input signal-source voltage.

 FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a specific configuration of a drive circuit unit of the liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.

 FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a specific configuration of the grayscale drive voltage generation circuit. FIG. 8 is a graph showing a voltage-transmittance characteristic near a black level display voltage value of the OCB type liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Fig. 9 shows the relationship between the applied voltage and the transmittance in the OCB-type liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

 FIG. 10 is a graph showing a voltage-transmittance characteristic in the fifth embodiment when importance is attached to color purity.

 FIG. 11 is a graph showing a medium voltage-transmittance characteristic in the fifth embodiment with an emphasis on contrast and an emphasis on color purity. '

 FIG. 12 is a graph showing voltage-transmittance characteristics in a simulation of the OCB type liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment.

 FIG. 13 is a graph showing a voltage-transmittance characteristic in the OCB type liquid crystal display device according to the sixth embodiment. .

 FIG. 14 is a graph showing a voltage-transmittance characteristic of the OCB-type liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment.

 FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining the black writing method. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention, and FIG. 16 (a) illustrates a configuration of a conventional TN type liquid crystal display device. FIG. 16 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the OCB type liquid crystal display device of the present invention, and FIG. 16 (c) is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the OCB type liquid crystal display device of the present invention. It is a diagram.

Figure 1 7 is Ah in grayed La off showing the emission characteristic of the conventional Roh ¹ gamma click La Lee Bok element . 'FIG. 18 is a graph showing the light emission characteristics of a backlight element with increased red light emission intensity according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.

 FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram for explaining the principle of the sequential lighting method.

 FIG. 20 is a schematic sectional view of an R—OCB type liquid crystal display device.

 FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional CB-type liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 21 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional OCB-type liquid crystal display device in a state where no voltage is applied. (b) is a schematic sectional view of the same voltage applied state.

 FIG. 22 is a graph showing the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the OCB type liquid crystal display device.

 Figure 23 is a conceptual diagram of the voltage waveform when a sharpening circuit (no voltage adjustment circuit) is installed in a conventional OCB type liquid crystal display device.

 Fig. 24 is a graph showing how to set the white display voltage in a birefringence mode liquid crystal display device. Fig. 24 (a) shows the white display voltage with the birefringence amount. Fig. 24 (b) is a graph showing a case in which the white display voltage is not adjusted to the peak of the birefringence amount. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings (Embodiment 1).

 FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a part of an OCB type liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

 The OCB type liquid crystal display device 20 has substrates 10 and 1 arranged in parallel with each other.

A liquid crystal layer 13 containing liquid crystal molecules 12 is inserted between the liquid crystal panel 1 and the liquid crystal panel 13. Are configured. Although not shown, the surfaces of the substrates 10 and 11 facing each other regulate the orientation of a transparent electrode and a liquid crystal molecule for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 13, respectively. Orientation film is formed. In addition, a TFT element is formed on the substrate 10 (or the substrate 11), and constitutes an active matrix substrate.

 The orientation film is oriented so that the orientation directions in the substrate surface are mutually the same, that is, parallel orientation. Then, the liquid crystal molecules 12 gradually rise as they move away from the surface of the substrate 10 · 11, and the liquid crystal molecules 13 are chilled at almost the center in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 13. The bend orientation becomes 90 degrees. Polarizing plates 15 and 16 and optical compensating plates 17 and 18 are disposed outside the substrate 10 and 11. The two polarizing plates 15 and 16 have a polarizing axis. Are arranged so as to be orthogonal or parallel to each other, and the polarization axis and the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees. Then, by utilizing the difference in the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer between the ON state where the high voltage is applied and the OFF state where the low voltage is applied, the polarizing plate is used. Through the optical compensator, the polarization state of the light is changed, and the light transmittance is controlled for display.

The relationship between the transmittance and the applied voltage of the OCB-type liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment showed the characteristics as shown in FIG. 22 similarly to the conventional technology. Here, a voltage of approximately VL was applied to display a white level, and a voltage at which the luminance was almost minimized was used to display a black level. Here, the white level refers to the case where the luminance of each pixel is maximized, and the black level refers to the case where the luminance of each pixel is minimized. In order to actually display black, the notation is distinguished as if all the RGB pixels are at the black level. As described in the prior art, when the white level display voltage falls below the transition voltage VL in the OCB type liquid crystal display, the splay alignment occurs. Display defects such as bright spots occur. This is because the amount of birefringence received by the polarized light when passing through the spray-oriented liquid crystal and the bend-oriented liquid crystal greatly differs from each other. It is.

 As mentioned in the prior art, the sharpening circuit is a circuit that makes the displayed image clearer by applying a differential wave to the square wave of the voltage between the substrates. By combining a sharpening circuit with the OCB type liquid crystal display device, the displayed image can be sharpened. Figure 23 shows the conceptual diagram. In this example, a black-and-white strip is displayed in the vertical direction. Although it is a rectangular wave only in the video symbol, it passes through a sharpening circuit to superimpose the differential waveform, and the peak voltage is further increased in a short time when the voltage changes. Apply. As a result, the edge of the image is emphasized, and a sharp display is obtained.

 However, when an OCB type liquid crystal display device is displayed using a sharpening circuit, a problem has arisen that display defects occur due to the display orientation. The reason for this is that the peak-to-substrate voltage ΔVw of the differential wave is superimposed on the white level display voltage value that is almost set to the transition voltage VL, and as a result, the inter-substrate voltage falls below the transition voltage VL. As a result, the orientation transition from the bend to the spray occurred.

 Therefore, in the present embodiment, the voltage limiting means is provided as a mechanism that can set the lower limit value (defined as the limit voltage) of the inter-substrate voltage in the conventional sharpening circuit. A voltage limiting circuit (limiter circuit) 23 was installed. Figure 2 shows the conceptual diagram. FIGS. 2A and 2B are block diagrams when a sharpening circuit 22 and a voltage limiting circuit 23 are installed in the OCB type liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment. .

According to this mechanism, if the applied inter-substrate voltage falls below the transition voltage VL, the limit voltage is set to VL and the inter-substrate voltage is set between the substrates. The voltage of the pressure VL was applied. '

 This limit voltage was set to a constant value so as not to fluctuate when adjusting the display voltage value by a mechanism as shown in FIG. 2 (b).

 In FIG. 2 (b), 31 is a black level voltage generating circuit for generating a black level display voltage VB, and 32 is a white level voltage generating circuit for generating a white level display voltage VW. It is a circuit. The black level voltage generating circuit 31 and the white level voltage generating circuit 32 change the black level display voltage VB to a fixed or desired value by a control signal from a control circuit (not shown). It is adjustable so that the white level display voltage VW can be adjusted to a fixed or desired value. Reference numeral 36 denotes a gradation voltage generation circuit (note that the gradation control will be described in detail in a practical embodiment 3 described later). Reference numeral 25 denotes a limiter-one voltage generation circuit serving as limiting voltage adjusting means for adjusting the limiting voltage of the voltage limiting circuit 23. The limiter-one-voltage generating circuit 25 is connected to the dragon BE limiting circuit 23, and the limiter-voltage generating circuit 25 controls the voltage limiting circuit 23. Voltage is applied to set the limit voltage.

 Actually, a limiter circuit 23 is installed in the sharpening circuit 22, the limit voltage is set to VL, and the OCB type liquid crystal display device is driven by an electric waveform as shown in FIG. 3. Then, the display was done. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a voltage waveform when a sharpening circuit and a voltage limiting circuit are installed in the OCB type liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment.

Here, the difference from the conventional sharpening circuit is that the differential wave height AVW at the time of displaying the white level is removed by the voltage limiting circuit (limiter). In this way, the edge of the image is emphasized by the sharpening circuit, and a sharp display is obtained. Suppresses display defects due to orientation transition from direction to spray orientation You can do it.

 As will be described later in a second embodiment, by incorporating a mechanism for adjusting the limit voltage into the device, a slight change in the white level display voltage value (for example, In addition, it is possible to cope with slight fluctuations of the white level display voltage value in response to changes in the operating temperature or variations in the liquid crystal panel.

 (Embodiment 2)

 This embodiment does not cause a display defect due to a change in orientation from the bend to the display within the entire temperature range in which the 0 CB type liquid crystal display device is used. .

The present inventors have found that the transition voltage VL at which the orientation transition from the bend to the spray (that is, the change from the normal display orientation state to the non-display orientation state) has a temperature dependence. I found something. Table 1 shows the relationship between the transition voltage and the temperature. At room temperature, the transition voltage was 2.5 V, but from near 0 ", the transition voltage increased to reach 3 V at around 120".

実際 に O C B 型液晶表示装置 を駆動 さ せ る と 、 室温 に お いて は表 示欠陥が生 じ な か っ た が、 低温 に お い て は ベ ン ド か ら ス プ レイ へ の 配向転移 に よ る 表示欠 陥が発生 し た。 こ れは温度低下 に よ り 転移電 圧 V L が上昇 し 、 白 レ ベル表示電圧値 を 上 回 っ た た めで あ る 。 使用 温度範囲内 にお い て表示欠陥 を発生 さ せな い た め に は、 各使用 温度 での転移電圧 V L 以上 の電圧で駆動す る 必要が あ る 。

When the OCB-type liquid crystal display device was actually driven, no display defects occurred at room temperature, but at low temperatures, the alignment transition from the bend to the spray occurred. Display defect occurred. This is because the transition voltage VL increased due to the temperature drop and exceeded the white level display voltage value. In order to prevent display defects within the operating temperature range, it is necessary to drive at a voltage higher than the transition voltage VL at each operating temperature.

 (Embodiment 2-1)

 In Embodiment 2-1, the white level display voltage value is set to a substantially constant value which is equal to or higher than the transition voltage V L in the entire temperature range. Further, in the present embodiment, the operating temperature range is set to −20 ^ or more. It should be noted that the lower limit of the operating temperature is set at 120 in consideration of the case where it is used for an in-vehicle monitor or the like.

DOO-out of this, when the maximum value you only that the transition voltage VL at each temperature shall be the VL _max, In its contact with the present embodiment, the One Do and _{VL ra ax = 3. 0 V} . The above-mentioned transition voltage VL _max depends on the tilt, and the tilt is determined by a liquid crystal material or an alignment film. In the case of the present embodiment, the liquid crystal material is ZL 1 -2293 (trade name, manufactured by MELC Corporation), and the alignment film is AL -1052 (trade name, (trade name) ) JSR) was used.

 The liquid crystal display device configured as described above is driven at a minimum driving voltage of 3.0 V, and at all operating temperatures (at a temperature of 120 to 80>), the voltage of the liquid crystal display device is higher than 3.0 V. By driving with voltage, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of display defects due to the orientation transition from the bend orientation to the splay orientation.

Also, voltage adjustment means for adjusting the white level display voltage value in accordance with the operating temperature (details are described in the later-described embodiment 2-2) are not required. The cost of equipment can be kept low. However, even at room temperature, the white level display voltage value must be set higher than necessary. Therefore, there is a problem that the clarity is reduced, but the problem can be solved by the embodiment 2-2 described later.

 (Embodiment 2-2)

 In Embodiments 2 and 2, the minimum voltage of the voltage that drives the OCB type liquid crystal display device so that the white level display voltage value at each operating temperature does not always fall below the VL at each temperature is used. As a means to determine the value, the following voltage determining mechanism was installed.

 Immediately, the voltage setting mechanism as shown in Fig. 4 automatically set the white level display voltage value so that it does not always fall below the VL at each temperature. A read-only internal storage device (ROM) is provided in the liquid crystal display device 21 to store the temperature characteristic data shown in Table 1 above.

 A thermostat S is built in a position where the external temperature of the liquid crystal display device 21 can be detected (for example, near the surface of the liquid crystal display element), and the thermostat S is used. To detect the external use temperature. This mechanism for detecting the external temperature is called temperature detecting means.

 The temperature characteristic data and the external use temperature are collated by the judgment unit 22, and at the temperature where the device is used, a white level display voltage value such as a value below VL is obtained. Always decide. Then, based on the determination, the white level display voltage value is optimized in accordance with the external operating temperature.

Although this configuration increases the cost of the liquid crystal display device, the white level display voltage at room temperature must be set higher than necessary. As a result, an optimal white level display voltage value corresponding to the temperature can be obtained, and a liquid that shows a bright display without impairing brightness Crystal display device. In addition, since the liquid crystal display device has a certain temperature distribution, there may be a slight difference between the detected temperature and the temperature in the liquid crystal display device. For this reason, a margin of 0.4 in practical use is also available. It is also possible to use an additional configuration.

 Further, in the present embodiment, a configuration is considered in which the operating temperature is up to 120. However, for example, when the operating temperature of the outside air temperature temporarily drops and the operating temperature drops below 120 at the operating temperature, display defects occur due to the spray orientation transition. . Assuming such a situation, a restoring means for restoring a once-displayed defect to a normal display state may be provided. As a specific example, it is possible to arbitrarily apply a transition waveform similar to the transition waveform that transitions from the spray orientation applied at power-on to the bend orientation. Such a mechanism is conceivable.

 (Embodiment 2-3)

 In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal display device is provided with a mechanism that allows the user to adjust the white level display voltage value to an optimum value for each temperature. In the case where the operating temperature drops and the spray orientation occurs, the user has manually increased the white level display voltage value.

 However, in the present embodiment, since the splay orientation is generated once, the means for applying a transition waveform for causing the transition from the splay orientation to the bend orientation and the splay as the restoration means are provided. It is necessary to install a switch separately.

 In this way, the user can adjust the optimum white level display voltage value for each operating temperature.

 (Embodiment 3)

 In the present embodiment, a low contrast and a grayscale inversion display are suppressed by a black level voltage adjustment mechanism for adjusting a black level display voltage value.

As shown in FIG. 22, the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the OCB type liquid crystal display device have the following characteristics. As the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer (> VL) increases, the transmittance decreases monotonically, reaches a minimum value (the voltage at that time is VH), and then further increases. The transmission increases monotonically with increasing voltage. To go . Here, it is a feature of the CB-type liquid crystal display device that the transmittance has a minimum value. This is in contrast to conventional devices (for example, TN-type liquid crystal displays), in which the transmittance monotonously decreases with increasing voltage. '

 Ideally, black level display is performed using this minimum voltage. In this case, the best contrast is obtained. Further, when driving is performed at a voltage higher than the minimum value, a phenomenon occurs in which the transmittance increases in reverse with an increase in the voltage. This is called grayscale inversion and is a problem in displaying. -OCB type liquid crystal display.This black level voltage adjustment mechanism is used to obtain high contrast in the device and suppress gray scale inversion display. It is particularly important to adjust the black level display voltage to the minimum value VH.

 The voltage adjustment method used in the conventional TN-type liquid crystal display device is a voltage adjustment method in which the source voltage amplitude and the amplitude between the opposing substrates, that is, the amplitude of the inter-substrate voltage, are constant. I did. In other words, not only the black level display voltage value but also the white level display voltage value have been changed at the same time.

 When this method is applied to a 0 CB type liquid crystal display device and the black level display voltage value is adjusted, when the white level display voltage value falls below the transition voltage VL, the bend orientation is changed. There has been a problem that the orientation transition to the spray orientation occurs and display defects occur. Further, when the white level display voltage value is too high, the brightness is reduced. In the OCB type liquid crystal display device, the white level display voltage value is limited to the transition voltage VL or more, and it is desirable to fix the display voltage at this voltage.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the black level display voltage value is adjusted while the white level display voltage value is fixed, in order to suppress these deteriorations in display quality. The mechanism to be built is incorporated. With this mechanism, a high contrast was obtained by controlling the display level and the black level display voltage at the same time as suppressing display defects and brightness reduction.

 Figure 5 shows the conceptual diagram. At the time of shipment of the display element, the voltage was adjusted so that the optimum black level display voltage value for the liquid crystal panel was obtained. During this adjustment, the white level display voltage value was not moved. Specifically, we introduced a gamma correction mechanism for display input and signal-source voltage as shown in Fig. 5. As a concrete implementation method, a resistor division and a gamma table as shown in FIG. 7 described later can be considered. Also, FIG. 7 shows an example in which the image signal is 4 bits (16 gradations), but the present invention is not limited to this. In addition, the present invention is effective even when the image signal is 8 bits (256 gradations).

 In the present embodiment, the optimal gamma correction was performed simultaneously with the adjustment of the black level display voltage value. Here, each gamma correction curve has a similar shape, and the shape of the curve from the white level display voltage value to the black level display voltage value is fixed. With this mechanism, a high contrast and correct gradation display were obtained. The liquid crystal display device may be provided with an adjustment mechanism that allows the user to adjust the black level display voltage value.

 Next, a specific configuration and an operation of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a specific configuration of a drive circuit section of the liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment, and FIG. 7 shows a specific configuration of a grayscale drive voltage generation circuit. It is a circuit diagram. For convenience of explanation, the image signal is a digital signal, and the gradation data has a 4-bit ('D1 to D4) configuration, and the liquid crystal display device performs 16-gradation display. I will explain.

In FIG. 6, reference numeral 31 denotes a black level voltage generating circuit for generating a black level display voltage VB, and 32 denotes a white level generating circuit for generating a white level display voltage VW. This is a bell voltage generation circuit. The black-level voltage generation circuit 31 and the white-level voltage generation circuit 32 are composed of variable resistors. The black level display voltage is controlled by a control signal from the control circuit 33. VB is fixed or adjustable to a desired value, and white level display voltage VW is fixed or adjustable to a desired value.

 Reference numeral 36 denotes a grayscale voltage generation circuit. The grayscale voltage generation circuit includes a grayscale voltage generation circuit 36, the black level voltage generation circuit 31, and the white level voltage generation circuit 32. 3 7 is composed.

 The gray scale voltage generation circuit 36 generates 16 gray scale voltages V 1 to V 16 between the black level display voltage V B and the white level table voltage V W. Here, the minimum voltage V1 is the white level display voltage VW, and the maximum voltage VI6 is the black level display voltage VB. Note that the gradation voltage generation circuit 36 has a function of performing ァ correction using ァ correction data from the control circuit 33 as described later. .

In addition, a temperature sensor 34 is connected to the control circuit 33. The temperature sensor 34 detects the operating temperature of the liquid crystal display device, and the control circuit 33 generates a white level voltage according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 34. Adjust the value of the variable resistor of the raw circuit 32. As a result, the optimal white level display voltage VW according to the temperature change is automatically set. Further, manual adjustment knobs 35 a, 35 b and 35 c are connected to the control circuit 33. The manual adjustment knob 35a is a switch for white level display voltage VW adjustment, and the manual adjustment knob 35b is a switch for black level display voltage VB adjustment. The manual adjustment knob 35c is a switch for key correction. By manually operating such manual adjustment knobs 35a and 35b, the white level display voltage VW and the black level display voltage VB can be individually fine-tuned. And user preferences It is possible to obtain an image quality according to In addition, by operating the manual adjustment knob 35c by the user, it is possible to obtain a gradation having a desired characteristic.

Next, a specific configuration of the grayscale voltage generation circuit 36 will be described with reference to FIG. Three variable resistors r 1, r 2, and r 3 connected in series are between the black level display voltage VB of the voltage and the white level display voltage VW of the low voltage. The variable resistors rl, r 2, and r 3 are configured to be supplied with the correction data from the control circuit 33 and adjusted to have a resistance value corresponding to the correction data. ing . The connection point P1 between the terminal for the black level display voltage VB and the variable resistor r1 is connected to the common line L5 via the individual connection line L1. A switch SW1 is interposed in the switch L1. The connection point P2 between the variable resistor rl and the variable resistor r2 is connected to the common line L5 via the individual connection run L2. Switch SW 2 is interposed in L 2. The connection point P3 between the variable resistor r2 and the variable resistor r3 is connected to the common line L5 via the individual connection run L3. Switch SW3 is interposed in L3. The connection point P4 between the variable resistor 3 and the terminal for the white level display voltage VW is connected to the common line L5 via the individual connection line L4. The switch SW4 is interposed in the connection run L4. These switches SW1 to SW4 change the switching manner in accordance with the logical level of each bit data D1 to D4 of the digital image signal. It is configured to For example, when [Dl, D2, D3, D4] = [0, 0.0, 0], all of the switches SW1 to SW4 are turned off, and the common switch is turned off. The white level display voltage VW (= first gradation voltage VI) is output to the in L5. Similarly, switch SWs corresponding to the logic levels of D1 to D4 are provided. The switching mode of 1 to SW4 changes, and V2 to V16 (= black level display voltage VB) is generated. In this way, a gradation signal voltage corresponding to the gradation of the digital image signal is generated.

 To change the characteristic, if the manual adjustment knob 35c is operated, the resistance of each of the variable resistors rl to r3 changes accordingly, and as a result, The voltage level between V2 and V15 changes. By operating the manual adjustment knobs 35a and 35b in advance, the voltage levels of VI and V2 can be set to desired values. Therefore, by operating these manual adjustment knobs 35a, 35b and 35c, it is possible to obtain a desired gradation.

 The following voltage setting is possible by the drive circuit having the above configuration.

 (1) As in the third embodiment, it is possible to independently adjust the black level display voltage value and the white level display voltage value which is a voltage value for displaying the white level. Then, it is possible to set the voltage so that the white level display voltage value, which is the voltage value for displaying the white level when adjusting the black level display voltage value, does not fluctuate. Therefore, when adjusting the voltage, the white level display voltage value does not fall below the transition voltage VL, and the orientation transition occurs from the bend orientation to the spray orientation, causing display defects. No more problems

(2) The black level display voltage value can be set for each color (RGB) as in the fourth embodiment described later.

 (3) As in the fifth embodiment described later, the white level display voltage value can be set for each color (RGB).

The voltage can be set as described above, but this voltage setting can be performed either at the time of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device or after manufacturing. At the time of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, the process of adjusting the black level display voltage value as described above is included, so that the contrast is reduced and the gradation is inverted. A liquid crystal display device with suppressed display can be obtained.

 In the above-described method, the user adjusts the black level display voltage at the time of shipment and at the time of shipment. In addition, a mechanism for automatically detecting the correction of this voltage may be provided. This has been achieved by providing a voltage fluctuation mechanism that gradually changes the voltage and a light amount detection mechanism that detects the light amount. Specific examples are shown below. ,

 An element that detects the amount of transmitted light, such as a photo diode (PD), is mounted on the liquid crystal display to detect the display brightness. The voltage applied to the liquid crystal is increased or decreased by the voltage fluctuation mechanism, and the voltage value is fed back in the direction of the decrease in the luminance detected by a PD or the like. The voltage at which the luminance is minimum is detected.

 When the voltage value for displaying the black level is set to the black level display voltage value as in the above configuration, the black level voltage adjusting means for adjusting the black level display voltage value, more specifically, With the white level display voltage value fixed and the black level.A mechanism for adjusting the display voltage value ensures that a high contrast display is always maintained. Is now possible.

 (Embodiment 4)

 This embodiment is characterized in that the black level display voltage value is set for each color.

According to detailed studies by the inventors of the present application, experiments have revealed that the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the OCB-type liquid crystal element have wavelength dependence of transmitted light. FIG. 8 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the transmittance and the applied voltage near the black level display of the OCB type liquid crystal display device used in the present embodiment. In the vicinity of the black level display voltage, VH (blue) (= 6.0 V) <VH (green) and VH (red) (= 6.5 V) as shown in Fig. 8 (a). was there. As described above, in the OCB type liquid crystal display device, the voltage VH at which the transmittance has a minimum value differs for each color when the black level display is performed. The amount of phase difference of the liquid crystal layer is not zero, but is canceled out with the amount of phase difference of the phase difference plates arranged above and below, and the amount of phase difference is used as a whole for the entire liquid crystal display device. That's why. That is, the liquid crystal layer has a phase difference, and the voltage VH at which the transmittance has a minimum value varies depending on the wavelength dependence of the amount of the phase difference. This is not a problem limited to OCB-type LCDs. This is a particular problem for a liquid crystal display device having a mode for controlling the amount of birefringence and a configuration having a retardation plate.

 On the other hand, such a wavelength dependence hardly appears in a conventional TN type liquid crystal display device. The reason is that the TN mode is a mode in which the transmission of light is controlled by the optical rotation of the liquid crystal inside the substrate, and the wavelength dependence of the transmitted light is controlled by controlling the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer. This is because it is designed to be small.

 In the OCB type liquid crystal display device, the RGB (red, green, blue) display is performed at the same black level display voltage value as in the conventional TN type liquid crystal display device. When it was set, the black color was slightly colored and the contrast was reduced and displayed. For example, at a setting of 6.5 V, there is a problem that blue light leaks slightly and a problem of grayscale inversion occurs in blue.

 Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order to obtain a good contrast, the black level display voltage values of the R, G, and B pixels are each set to a voltage at which the transmittance is minimized. The values were set to VH (R), VH (G), and VH (B).

Specifically, using the configuration described in the third embodiment (FIGS. 6 and 7), the black-level display voltage value is set for each of R, G, and B. As shown in Fig. 8 (b), 37 R-37 G. 37 B is R, G and B respectively. And a gradation voltage generation circuit for controlling the gradation. The gradation voltage generation circuit 37 R · 37 G.37 B is connected to the control circuit 33. Then, according to the control circuit 33, the black level display voltage values of the R, G, and B pixels are changed to voltage values VH (R), VH (G), and VH (G) at which the transmittance is minimal. Can be set to VH (B).

 In the example shown in Fig. 8, the R and G pixels are set to display a black level at a voltage of 6.5 V, and the B pixel is set to a black level at a voltage of 6.0 V. Display is set to be displayed.

 Here, the white level display voltage value was determined by the transition voltage at which transition from the bend orientation to the splay orientation was made, so that there was no RGB wavelength dependence. In this method, maximum contrast was achieved in order to obtain maximum brightness.

 The voltage setting can be performed either at the time of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device or after manufacturing. When a liquid crystal display device is manufactured, it has a black level adjustment step of adjusting at least one of the plurality of color displays to a different black level display voltage value. Thus, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device in which contrast is reduced and gradation inversion display is suppressed.

 Here, the black level display voltage value may be adjusted while the white level voltage value is fixed, using the specific mechanism described in the third embodiment. Here, the mechanism may be adjusted independently for each of R, G, and B.

Further, as described above, in the present embodiment, the R and G pixels are set so as to display a black level at a voltage of 6.5 V, and the B is set to a voltage of 6.0 V. Was set to display black level with. In this case, the black level display voltage value was adjusted independently for each of R, G, and B. However, an adjusting mechanism having the following black level adjusting means may be used. . That is, When setting the black level display voltage value corresponding to B out of the black level display voltage values of each color display, one system is used to link the black level display voltage values corresponding to R and G. It can be a voltage adjustment mechanism. In addition, the following two voltage adjustment mechanisms can be used. In other words, it is possible to have two independent adjustment mechanisms, one for adjusting the black level display voltage value of R and G in conjunction with the other and for adjusting the black level display voltage value of B independently. .

 (Embodiment 5)

 In the fourth embodiment, the wavelength dependency of the transmitted light near the black level display voltage value is considered, but in the present embodiment, the color reproducibility near the white level display voltage value is improved. FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the applied voltage and the transmittance in the OCB type liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.

 In the present embodiment, the color display is performed using a color filter having a plurality of types of color pixels. Further, instead of the color filter, a backlight element based on a sequential power illumination method described in Embodiment 13 described later is used. You can do whatever you want. As shown in FIG. 9, there was a problem that the transmittance of blue was high overall, and the transmittance decreased in the order of green and red. This is a problem unique to the mode in which display is performed by controlling the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer. The reason for this is that the amount of retardation of the liquid crystal layer has wavelength dependence. The amount of retardation of the liquid crystal layer is generally indicated by 2πΔηdZ. Here, n is the amount of birefringence of the liquid crystal layer, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, λ is the wavelength, and π is the circular constant. The fact that the phase difference is a function of the wavelength λ is the cause of the wavelength dependence. Since the wavelength of blue light is shorter than that of other light, the amount of phase difference received by blue light is large.

If the splay alignment transition does not occur here, the characteristics should be as shown in Fig.12. This is for optical simulation. This is the result obtained. Thus, at relatively high voltages, blue has a peak of transmission, and red has a peak at relatively low voltages. The voltage value at which the transmittance of each color has a peak is defined as a white peak voltage value, and the white peak voltage values of RGB are expressed as VR wp, VG wp, and VB wp. The transmittances IR and IG ₍ IB of each color at this peak were almost the same.

 Therefore, in order to drive a liquid crystal display device with the maximum brightness, it is ideal to perform display using this peak. However, in the present embodiment, since all the white peak voltage values are equal to or lower than VL, it is impossible to use a drive voltage equal to or lower than V. Therefore, it was necessary to perform display by using a voltage higher than the transition voltage VL as a white level display voltage value.

 When driving with the same white level display voltage value for each pixel of RGB, the white display becomes blue because the transmittance of blue becomes higher than the transmittance of red and green as described above. There was a problem with the rain. When compared to the vicinity of the black display, human vision is very sensitive to the color change near the white display. Therefore, it is very important to adjust the color reproducibility near the white level display voltage value.

 However, since the brightness is relatively high in this method, there is a feature that a high contrast can be obtained.

 (Embodiment 5-1)

 In order to solve the problem that the white display becomes bluish, in the present invention, the white level display voltage value is changed for each pixel. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the white level display voltage value for each color was changed. At this time,

 V R w ≤ V G w <V B w

This is characterized by the high white level display voltage value in blue transmissive pixels'. In particular, the hue when displaying white is affected by the intensity of blue. The inventors of the present application have found that adjusting the blue light intensity is very important because of its sensitivity.

 In particular, Fig. 10 shows the case in which the white level display voltage value is set so that the transmittance of each color is constant, realizing reliable color reproducibility and achieving high color purity. We were able to . However, there was a problem that brightness and contrast were reduced.

 Figure 11 is a modest condition, which is a technique that balances realistic color purity and brightness. Either method achieved much higher color reproducibility than driving each pixel with the same white level display voltage.

 (Embodiment 6)

 In the fifth embodiment, the white peak voltage values VRwp, VGWP, and VBWP of each color are lower than the transition voltage VL.

 Therefore, in the present embodiment, by increasing the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer, the white peak voltage value of each color is made higher than the transition voltage VL. . In the present embodiment, the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is increased to 10 m without changing the liquid crystal material. As a result, high brightness and high contrast were realized.

 As a result of increasing the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer to 10 m, as shown in FIG. 13, the white peak voltage value of the transmittance of each color exceeded the transition voltage VL, as shown in FIG. This is for two reasons:

 That is, it is considered that one reason is that the transition voltage VL is determined by the liquid crystal material used in the OCB type liquid crystal display device and does not depend on the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. The inventors of the present application have found this fact through experiments.

The second reason is that the peak of the transmittance with respect to the applied voltage is shifted to the higher voltage side due to the increase in the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer. this The phase difference nd that the transmitted light receives from the liquid crystal increases due to the increase in the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer, and the phase difference amount of the liquid crystal layer '2π lm nd / This is because the absolute value of λ increases.

 In this case, as shown in FIG. 13, the voltage at which the maximum transmittance is obtained for each color is different. Therefore, it was necessary to change the white level display voltage value in each case.

 In the present embodiment, the white level display voltage values VRw, VGw, and VBw for each color pixel are set to the white peak voltage values VRWP, VGWP, and VBWP for each color. That is, it was set as follows: VRW (= VRWP) <VGWP (= VGWP) <VBWP (= VWP). As a result, high brightness and high contrast were achieved. In this case, since the driving voltage was higher than the transfer voltage V L, no display defect due to the splay alignment transition occurred.

 However, this method has a problem that the driving voltage becomes extremely large. When the liquid crystal layer was realized with a thickness of 5 m as in the fifth embodiment, the driving voltage was about 6 V. However, when the thickness of the crystal layer was set to 10 m in the present embodiment, the driving voltage was required to be about twice as much, and the driving voltage was 12 V. For this reason, a conventional TFT matrix substrate could not be used.

 In the present embodiment, this is realized by using a MIM type high voltage type active matrix substrate. At the same time, there is a problem that the power consumption becomes very large, but it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device in which display defects due to the display orientation transition do not occur. And were able to.

This embodiment is a technique for realizing a very high display quality. However, it is necessary to increase the driving voltage. On the other hand, the fifth embodiment is a method realized by using a normal active matrix substrate. .

 (Embodiment 7)

 In the sixth embodiment, by increasing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the display using the white peak voltage value at which the transmittance becomes the maximum as the white level display voltage value is achieved. It has become possible.

 In the present embodiment, a white display with a good color balance is realized when the black writing method is used. The black writing method is a driving method in which black writing for screen blanking is added in addition to the rewriting of display data within one frame, and even when the display voltage is lower than the transition voltage VL. It is possible to realize a display that does not cause display defects due to the spray orientation transition. This will be described specifically with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining the black writing method.

 When the applied voltage is equal to or lower than VL, the splay alignment state becomes stable, so that the alignment transition from the bend alignment to the splay alignment occurs. When the transition from the bend orientation to the spray orientation occurs, display defects occur and the transmittance decreases, as shown in Fig. 15 (a). As shown by the dashed line in the drawing, the black writing method is a method of suppressing a decrease in transmittance even at VL or less. For example, as shown in Fig. 15 (b), in addition to rewriting display data in one field of 16.7 ms, black writing of about 1 ms is performed. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in transmittance even at VL or less, and to improve the luminance. For details on the black writing method, refer to IDW'99 Proceedings of The Sixth International Display Workships P.37-40.

In this embodiment, when the black writing method was used, the relationship between the transmittance and the applied voltage was as shown in FIG. Here, the white peak voltage value of red transmission, green transmission, and blue transmission is applied to the white peak voltage value VR wp of red transmission. When VR w, VG w, and VB w were set to the same value, white was displayed as red dots, and further, display problems occurred due to the inversion of green and oka transparent gradations. Also, if the white peak voltage values VRw, VGw, and VBw of red, green, and blue are set to the same value for the white peak voltage value VBwp of blue color, the grayscale inversion is There is a problem where white does not appear but blue appears.

 In the present embodiment, the white level display voltage values VRw, VGw, and VBw for each color of each color pixel are set to the peak voltage values VRWp, VGWP, and VBWP of each color. That is

V w (= V R w p) <V G w p (= V G w p) <V B w or V B w p). As a result, a well-balanced white display was achieved. Also, there was no display problem caused by the grayscale inversion.

 This embodiment has the advantage that brightness is maximized while maintaining the color balance.

 (Embodiment 8)

 In the embodiment, the white level display voltage value is set to the same value for each color pixel in the black writing method, thereby realizing a white display with a color balance. .

 In the present embodiment, in the black writing method, the black writing time for screen blanking is made different for each color pixel. A color balance when displaying white has been achieved. We have found that by controlling the time of black writing, the brightness can be controlled. In addition, we discovered that by changing this for each color pixel display, the color balance in white display can be adjusted.

Specifically, there are three OCB-type liquid crystal displays of red transmission, green transmission, and blue transmission. We used a projection-type liquid crystal display device, which performs display by combining the devices. First, the white level display voltage value is

 V R w = V G w = V B w = V B w p

It was set to a constant value as shown. Here, the transmittance of each color pixel at the white level display voltage value is IR ', IG', and IB. When the writing time of black for each color pixel is tb (red), tb (green), and tb (blue),

 t b (blue) = t b (red) x (I B / I R ')

 t b (green) = t b (red) X (I G '/ I R'),

 It was set as follows. : In this way, the writing time is set for each color pixel. By this, the amount of transmitted light from each color pixel becomes almost equal, and the color balance is taken as white. Level display has been realized.

 Here, the white level display voltage value was assumed to be constant for each color pixel, but it was not necessary that each white level display voltage value be constant. The relationship between the black writing time for each color pixel is

 t b (blue)> t b (green) ≥ t b (red)

This was important for adjusting the color balance when displaying white.

 (Embodiment 9)

 The ninth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, a high contrast and high color purity are realized by setting the effective pixel area of each color pixel constituting the liquid crystal display device for each color. . Here, the effective pixel area is the area of each color pixel that actually contributes to display.

In a conventional TN-type liquid crystal display device or the like, each color pixel has the same area because the transmittance has almost no wavelength dependence. That is, as shown in FIG. 16 (a), the R, G, B and blur constituting the color filter 90 are changed. The area of the TFT section 93 and the display section 94 constituting the matrix 90 and the TFT element 92 was the same for each color pixel. Actually, the TFT elements 92 and the like are formed on a substrate, but the substrate-to-knock light is not shown.

 On the other hand, in the OCB type liquid crystal display device, as shown in the fifth embodiment, there is a relationship such as IB (blue intensity)> IG (green intensity)> IR (red intensity), If the drive is performed with the same level display voltage value, the display will be bluish. Also, when the white level display voltage value is set with the transmittance of each color kept constant, the contrast is reduced.

 Therefore, in the present embodiment, in the OCB liquid crystal display device, the effective pixel area of each color pixel is (IB / IG) times as large as the green pixel and the red pixel is (IB / IR) times.

 That is, the inventors of the present invention changed the structure to a color filter 95, a black matrix 95M, and a TFT element as shown in FIG. 16 (b). The realization was achieved by changing the area of the TFT unit 97 and the display unit 9.8 of each color pixel for each color pixel.

More specifically, based on the area of the display section 98B constituting the green field element, the area of the display section 98G constituting the green pixel is multiplied by (IB / IG) times, based on the area of the display section 98B constituting the blue field element. The area of the display unit 98R constituting the red pixel is increased by (IB / IR) times. Similarly, for the color filters 95 & * 951? And the TFT section 97 G / 97 R, the color filters 95 B and TFT section 9 Based on 7B, the ratio was (IB / IG) times and (IB / IR) times, respectively. By adopting such a configuration, light from a knock light element (not shown) can be applied to each color (R · R) even at the same white level display voltage value. With G and B), almost the same transmittance can be obtained, and color purity and high contrast have been realized. (Embodiment 10)

 In the ninth embodiment, high-purity and high-contrast colors can be realized by designing the effective pixel area of each pixel to be different for each color pixel. did.

 In this embodiment, the transmittance of each color pixel is controlled by making the transmittance of each color pixel different in the color field, and the color balance at the time of white display is adjusted. did. At this time, the effective pixel area of each color pixel was the same. Specifically, the transmittance of the color filter corresponding to each color pixel is set to (IB / IG) times the transmittance of the blue pixel with respect to the transmittance of the blue pixel, and the transmittance of the red pixel is (I0 / IG). IR) times. With this configuration, almost the same transmittance is obtained for each color pixel even at the same white level display voltage value, and high color purity and high contrast are realized. Was

 Such a configuration uses a conventional TFT element having a constant effective pixel area, a color filter, and a black matrix structure. This is a method that can realize the adjustment of the color balance of white display.

In addition, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer for at least one of the plurality of types of color pixels is different from the thickness of the liquid crystal layer for the other color pixels. can do . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 16 (c), the thickness of the color filter 80 R · 80 G · 80Β is changed for each of R, G, and B. As a result, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 85 is changed to form the liquid crystal layer 85a, the liquid crystal layer 85b, and the liquid crystal layer 85c. As a result, when a voltage is applied to each of the liquid crystal layers 85 a '85 b' 85 c, the amount of birefringence received from the liquid crystal layers 85 a-85 b '85 c is obtained. Can be made equal for each of the 80R, 80G, and 80B, and the transmittance of the color filter 8OR * 80G.8 can be the same. And can be. Therefore, the color balance of the white display can be adjusted. (Embodiment 11)

 As described in the fifth embodiment, the OCB type liquid crystal display device has a problem that the display when white display is displayed is bluish.

 This problem is not limited to the CB type liquid crystal display device. The phenomenon of this blue drop is due to the fact that the amount of phase difference of the liquid crystal layer has wavelength dependence, and the amount of phase difference increases with blue light, that is, light of short wavelength. It is. If the product of the birefringence Δη of the liquid crystal layer and the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is A n d, the amount of Δn d is proportional to the phase difference. Where λ is the wavelength. Therefore, the phase difference 2πΔnd λ of the liquid crystal layer depends on the wavelength of light, and the shorter the wavelength of light, the larger the amount of phase difference. Where π is the pi. For this reason, the shorter the wavelength of light, the larger the amount of light modulation received by the liquid crystal in general. Therefore, in the mode in which display is performed by controlling the amount of birefringence of the liquid crystal layer, the problem that the display is bluish when white is displayed is common. .

 Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the present embodiment, the chromaticity distribution of the light emission of the light emitting element is optimized. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18. FIG. 17 is a graph showing the light emission characteristics of a conventional backlight element. FIG. 18 is a graph showing the light emission characteristics of the knock light device in Embodiment 11 in which the red light emission intensity is increased.

 Conventional light-emitting devices have a light emission dispersion characteristic as shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 18, the emission intensity of red is improved. As a result, it was possible to maintain the color balance when the entire liquid crystal element displayed white.

In the present embodiment, since the amount of birefringence was not adjusted, there was a problem that color reproducibility of black deteriorated. At this time, the chromaticity coordinates of black were reddish, but extremely high color purity reproducibility was required. For applications other than video equipment (for example, for office automation equipment), there were almost no problems. This is because human eye sensation is sensitive to white color changes, but not so sensitive to black color changes. The method of changing the characteristics of the backlight element as in the present embodiment is a method that can be realized relatively easily.

 Further, in the present embodiment, a configuration in which the color balance can be maintained by optimizing the chromaticity distribution of the light emission of the backlight element will be described. However, besides, a color balance can be maintained by a polarizing plate. Further, other than using a polarizing plate, for example, coloring means, specifically, a prism sheet may be provided. In addition, scattering means having coloring properties to the knock light element, specifically, scattering means provided on a diffusion plate or a light guide plate constituting the pack light element. A dot may be provided. A specific example will be described below.

 (Embodiment 1 1 —)

 According to this study, to specify the light intensity for displaying red, it is necessary to measure the intensity of light near 61 O nm, and to specify the light intensity for displaying blue. Can be measured by measuring the light around 430 nm. This embodiment is characterized in that the red light intensity of the backlight element is increased, and in order to quantify this, the blue light intensity is used as a reference. It was effective to take that ratio.

As shown in Fig. 17, the conventional knock light device has a light intensity of 61 0 nm ± 10 1111 and a light intensity of 4 3 0 11 11 ₁ ± 10 1! 1 ^. The intensity (luminance) ratio was 1.78.

In order to obtain the effect of this embodiment, the light intensity of the wavelength corresponding to the display color of red and the light intensity of the wavelength corresponding to the display color of 靑 among the emission wavelengths of the back light element are required. Compared with brightness, it had to be more than twice In chromaticity coordinates, x had to be greater than 0.32. This criterion was applied when the OCB type liquid crystal display device was used for OA equipment which required relatively high color purity reproducibility. When using a CB-type liquid crystal display device for video equipment that requires extremely high color purity reproducibility: X in chromaticity coordinates should be 0.36 or more. If the chromaticity coordinate X was 0.4 or more, color purity reproducibility was almost completely achieved.

 (Embodiment 12)

 In Embodiment 11 described above, the inventors of the present invention use a backlight element having a higher luminous intensity in a wavelength range near red as compared with the related art to perform white display. I was able to keep the balance of the color.

 However, in this case, if the black color in the black display becomes red, the result will be a result. When the OCB type liquid crystal display device is used for a video device, there is a problem. This is because extremely high color purity is required for video equipment.

 Thus, in order to address the above problem, in the present embodiment, high color purity during black display is realized while maintaining the color balance during white display. Specifically, a black display with high color purity is realized by using a polarizing plate having a higher transmittance of blue light than that of other green and red lights during black display. In addition, the polarizer has no wavelength dependency when transmitting (white display) to the light that is going to pass, and the absorber absorbs light leaking when absorbing (black display). By controlling the wavelength dependence of the yield, it is possible to have a wavelength dependence. As a result, it is possible to achieve high color purity when displaying black while maintaining the color non-luminance when displaying white.

 (Embodiment 13)

According to the present embodiment, when a sequential color illumination method using a back light Yasuko that performs multiple types of color display as a color display means is used. Color adjustment for black display and white display.

 As shown in Fig. 19 (a), the sequential color illumination method consists of three fields, R, G, and B, for one field period. The specific configuration is as shown in the figure, in which a specific color image is written and a specific color light source is turned on during each field period. As shown in Fig. 19 (b), on the rear (lower side in the figure) side of the liquid crystal panel 132, there is a zig- lite element 131 of a sequential color lighting type. The red light emitting element 13 1 R, the green light emitting element 13 1 G, and the blue light emitting element 13 13 B are arranged beside the backlight element 13 1. This is the configuration that was adopted. Compared with the color filter method, the sequential color light method does not require a color filter, and thus has a clear display performance. .

 Also, in the above-described sequential color illumination method, the gray level is adjusted by adjusting the black level voltage value for each color pixel by applying the fourth embodiment to the fourth embodiment. Inversion and low contrast were suppressed.

 Further, the sequential color illumination method is applied to the sixth embodiment, and in the white display, the pulse time of the backlight element that emits light for each color display is displayed. The color balance was adjusted by controlling the pulse height. Here, as shown in Fig. 19 (a), the emission pulse times of the red, green, and blue display light emitting elements are t1 (red), t1 (green), and t1 (green), respectively. 1 (blue) and the emission pulse height are defined as I 1 (red), 11 (green), and I 1 (blue). And

 t 1 (blue) <t 1 (green) t 1 (red) and

 I I (blue) <I 1 (green) ≤ I 1 (red)

By setting as shown above, it was possible to realize a white display with a good color balance. At this time, the white level display voltage value is constant for each color display. did .

 (Other matters)

 Although Embodiments 1 to 13 have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the OCB type liquid crystal display device. Any mode is effective as long as the display mode is controlled by controlling the birefringence of the liquid crystal.

 In addition, a liquid crystal display device having a non-zero birefringence in a liquid crystal layer having a gap in which a black level is displayed, and a liquid crystal display using a retardation plate having a non-zero retardation. It is equally effective in equipment.

 For example, as shown in FIG. 20, the same effect was obtained in an R— RCB type liquid crystal display device having a contrast of 10 or more. As shown in Fig. 20, the R-OCB type liquid crystal display device is composed of a diffusion plate 40, a polarizing plate 41, a phase difference plate 42, a glass substrate 43, a liquid crystal 44, and a reflection electrode from above. 45 and a glass substrate 46, and the alignment film (not shown) formed on the reflective electrode 45 is formed as a vertical alignment type. In this configuration, the liquid crystal 44 on the substrate 46 is vertically aligned. Such an R-OCB type liquid crystal display device has a high viewing angle, a high-speed response, and a high luminance performance. For details of the R-〇CB type liquid crystal display device, see SID 96 DIGEST p618-621.

 In addition, from Embodiment 3 to Embodiment 13, ASV (advanced supervision) mode, which is parallel-labled, is applied. I can do it.

In the mode in which the display is performed by controlling the amount of phase difference, low contrast, grayscale inversion, and white level are displayed when the black level is displayed. There was a problem that it was displayed as a blue dot. This has been a particular problem for display devices with high contrast. In a display element having a contrast of 200 or more, the color adjustment of the present invention is indispensable. It is desired that the display element also includes the color adjusting means of the present invention. In addition, the present invention does not cause much problem in an OA display that displays a computer screen or the like, but displays an image such as a TV that displays a natural image in general. It is particularly required for display devices.

 In addition, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention performs the display in which the phase difference and the transmitted light amount of the liquid crystal have the largest when a voltage for performing the display with the smallest transmitted light amount is applied. By applying a configuration in which the difference in phase difference of the liquid crystal when a voltage is applied is smaller than λ 2, the gradation is stable and the contrast is good. Liquid crystal display device. This will be described with reference to FIG.

 Figure 24 is a graph (voltage-transmittance characteristic) showing how to set the white display voltage in a birefringent mode liquid crystal display device. Figure 24 (a) shows the white display. A graph showing the case where the voltage is adjusted to the peak of the birefringence amount, and FIG. 24 (b) is a graph showing the case where the white display voltage is not adjusted to the peak of the birefringence amount. .

 As shown in FIG. 24 (a), in the conventional birefringence mode liquid crystal display device, the white display voltage Val 6 is applied to the position of the birefringence peak (phase difference λ λ 2). Together, Ial 6 (meaning the maximum gradation when expressed in 16 gradations) was determined. The solid line indicates a liquid crystal display device having a normal thickness of a liquid crystal layer, and the broken line indicates a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer when the width becomes narrower due to variation. .

When the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is reduced, the dashed line shifts to the left (on the paper) with respect to the solid line, so that Ia16 decreases to Ia'16. In that case, Ia] 5, which is one gradation lower than Ia16, is also reduced to Ia'15. Here, comparing Ia16—Iai5 (normal gradation difference) and Ia′16—Ia′15 (gradation difference when there is variation), A large difference in gradation difference occurs between the two. However, as shown in FIG. 24 (b), the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is located at the peak of the birefringence (smaller than the phase difference λ 2). The white display voltage Vb16 was not adjusted, and Ib1fi was determined according to the position deviated from the peak position.

 With this configuration, even if the liquid crystal layer is displaced and the peaks are shifted as shown by a broken line, Ib16—Ib15 (normal floor) Comparing Ib '16-lb-15 (tone difference in case of variation), there is no significant difference between the two. This is achieved by using the slower position of the curve in the voltage-transmittance characteristic. Therefore, it is possible to cope with variations in the liquid crystal layer, and to obtain a liquid crystal display device having stable gradation and excellent display performance.

 Also, as described above, Embodiments 1 to 13 have been described. However, by appropriately combining the respective liquid crystal display devices, the features of each embodiment can be obtained. It is possible to produce a liquid crystal display device combining the above. Industrial applicability

 As described above, according to the configuration of the present invention, the subject matter of the present invention can be sufficiently achieved.

 That is, according to the present invention, the problem that display defects occur in a specific driving condition and a specific temperature range in an OCB type liquid crystal display device and the contrast are reduced. The task has been overcome.

Claims

The scope of the claims 1. A liquid crystal display device having a voltage applying means for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel, and performing display by changing an applied voltage by the voltage applying means. And  A liquid crystal display characterized by having voltage limiting means for setting the voltage applied by the voltage applying means to a predetermined voltage or more necessary for maintaining the orientation state of the liquid crystal used for display. apparatus. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage limiting means is a voltage limiting circuit. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, further comprising a limiting voltage adjusting means for adjusting a limiting voltage of the voltage limiting circuit. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal display device has a sharpening circuit. 5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the limit voltage and the display voltage can be adjusted independently. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein display is performed by changing the amount of birefringence of the liquid crystal. · 7 · The liquid crystal panel has a pair of substrates, and is in contact with the pair of substrates. The claim is characterized in that the liquid crystal has a configuration in which the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal is substantially parallel aligned so that the liquid crystal has a position symmetrical with respect to a center plane between the substrates. Item 1. A liquid crystal display device according to item 1. 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, wherein the liquid crystal display device is an OCB type liquid crystal display device. 9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, characterized in that the birefringence of the liquid crystal when displaying a black level is not zero. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising: a retardation plate having a retardation that is not 0. 10. 11 1. When the alignment state of the liquid crystal for performing the display is set to the display alignment state, it is characterized in that a non-display alignment state different from the display alignment state exists at a voltage equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. 12. When the voltage at which the liquid crystal transitions from the display alignment state to the non-display alignment state is defined as the dislocation voltage, the predetermined voltage at each operating temperature is different from the dislocation voltage at each operating temperature. 12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the liquid crystal display device is always high. 1 3. The maximum value of the operating temperature range to your only that the transition voltage can to have a VL _max, you characterized that you the voltage value of the above VL _max always as the predetermined voltage at each temperature The liquid crystal display device according to claim 12. 1. A temperature detecting means for detecting a use temperature, and a voltage adjusting means for changing the predetermined voltage in accordance with the detected temperature. The liquid crystal display device as described in the above. 15. When the orientation state of the liquid crystal changes from the display orientation state to the non-display orientation state, the orientation state of the liquid crystal is changed from the non-display orientation state to the display state. 21. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, further comprising a restoration means for restoring the orientation state. 16. A voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel is provided, the display is performed by changing the voltage applied by the voltage applying means, and the voltage is applied. A method for driving a liquid crystal display device having voltage limiting means for setting the voltage applied by the means to be equal to or higher than a predetermined voltage necessary for maintaining the orientation state of the liquid crystal used for display,  When the alignment state of the liquid crystal for performing the display is the display alignment state, there is a non-display alignment state different from the display alignment state at a voltage equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage, and the voltage control unit is controlled. A driving method of the liquid crystal display device, characterized in that display is performed by applying a voltage higher than the predetermined voltage by the voltage applying means. 17. A liquid crystal display device having voltage applying means for applying a voltage to liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel, and performing display by the voltage applying means. Liquid crystal characterized by having a black level voltage adjusting means for adjusting the black level display voltage value when the voltage value for displaying the black level is the black level display voltage value. Display device. 18. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, characterized in that when increasing the voltage applied to the liquid crystal, the light transmittance gradually decreases and then starts to increase. 19. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein display is performed by changing a birefringence amount of the liquid crystal. 20. The image display device according to claim 17, further comprising adjusting means for independently adjusting the black level display voltage ffi value and the white level display voltage value which is a voltage value indicating the white level. Liquid crystal display device. 2 1. The white level display voltage value, which is the voltage value for displaying the white level when adjusting the black level display voltage value, is characterized in that it does not fluctuate. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17. 22. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, further comprising detection means for detecting the black level display electric value. 23. A light quantity detecting means for detecting a light quantity, and voltage applying means for changing a voltage applied to the liquid crystal in accordance with the detected light quantity. Item 29. A liquid crystal display device according to Item 22. 24. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the contrast value is 100 or more. 25. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 17, wherein the liquid crystal display device is an R—OCB type liquid crystal display device. 26. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 25, wherein the contrast value is 10 or more. 27. A voltage value means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and a voltage is displayed by the voltage applying means and a black level is displayed. A black level display voltage value, a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having black level voltage adjustment means for adjusting the black level display voltage value,  A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising a step of adjusting the black level display voltage value. 28. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 27, wherein when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal increases, the transmittance temporarily decreases and then changes to an increase. Manufacturing method. 29. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 27, wherein the liquid crystal display device performs display by changing a birefringence amount of the liquid crystal. 30. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 27, wherein the black level display voltage value and the white level display voltage value which is a voltage value for displaying a white level are independently adjusted. Production method. 31. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 27, wherein the white level display voltage value does not fluctuate when the black level display voltage value is adjusted. 32. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 27, wherein the contrast value is 100 or more. 33. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 27, wherein the liquid crystal display device is an R-OCB type. 34. The method for producing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 33, wherein the contrast value of the R—OCB type liquid crystal display device is 10 or more. 35. A liquid crystal display device having voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and performing display by changing the applied voltage by the voltage applying means. And  A liquid crystal display device characterized by having a color adjusting means for adjusting a color when displaying a black level. 36. The liquid crystal panel has at least one substrate and color display means for displaying a plurality of colors. Of the plurality of types of color display, at least the black level display voltage value for one color display is different from the black level display voltage value for another color display. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 35, which is a feature. 37. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 36, wherein the color display means is a color filter. 38. The color display means is a knock light element provided on the back side of the liquid crystal panel for performing a plurality of kinds of color display, and 36. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 36, wherein the light element is based on a sequential color illumination method. 39. The liquid crystal panel has at least one substrate, and the substrate has a plurality of color pixels for displaying a plurality of colors,  The thickness of the liquid crystal layer for at least one of the plurality of types of color pixels is different from the thickness of the liquid crystal layer for the other color pixels. Item 35. A liquid crystal display device according to Item 35. 40. The thickness of the color filter for at least one color pixel of the plurality of color pixels is the thickness of the color filter for other color pixels. 31. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 39, wherein the thickness is different from the thickness. 41. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 35, wherein a polarizing plate is provided outside the liquid crystal panel, and a transmittance of the polarizing plate is different within a specific wavelength range. Liquid crystal display. 42. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 41, wherein the polarizing plate has the largest transmittance of light on the short wavelength side. 4 3-The display is performed by changing the birefringence of the liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 35. 44. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 35, wherein the contrast value is 100 or more. 45. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 35, wherein the liquid crystal display device is an R—OCB type liquid crystal display device. 46. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 45, wherein the contrast value is 10 or more. 47. A liquid crystal display device having voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and performing display by changing the applied voltage by the voltage applying means. And  A backlight element and color display means for displaying a plurality of types of colors, wherein a black level is provided corresponding to at least one of the plurality of types of color displays. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that the black level display voltage value to be displayed is different from the black level display furnace pressure value that displays the black level corresponding to another color display. 48. The method according to claim 47, further comprising a means for independently adjusting the black level display voltage value and the white level display voltage value which is a voltage value for displaying the white level. Liquid crystal display. 49. The white level display voltage value, which is the voltage value for displaying the white level when adjusting the black level display voltage value, does not fluctuate. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 47. 50. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 47, wherein the color display means is a color filter having a plurality of types of color pixels. 51. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 50, wherein the colors of the plurality of types of color pixels are three types of red transmission, green transmission, and blue transmission. 52. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 51, wherein a black level display voltage value in the blue-transmitting color pixel is the lowest among the three types of color pixels. . 53. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 47, characterized by having black level adjusting means. 54. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 53, wherein the liquid crystal display device has one system of voltage adjusting means in which a black level display voltage value of each color display fluctuates in conjunction therewith. 55. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 53, wherein the liquid crystal display device has two systems of voltage adjusting means in which a black level display voltage value of each color display fluctuates in conjunction therewith. 56. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 53, further comprising a mechanism for independently adjusting a black level display voltage value of the plurality of types of color display for each color display. 57. The color display means is a knock light element provided on the back side of the liquid crystal panel to perform a plurality of kinds of color display, and 48. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 47, wherein the light element is based on a sequential color illumination method. 58. The color display of the backlight element that performs the plurality of types of color display is a three-color display of red display, green display, and blue display. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to 7. 59. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 58, wherein the black level display voltage value in the color display of the front ^ blue display is the lowest among the three kinds of color displays. Place. 60. The light emitting pulse of the backlight element that performs the plurality of types of color display has a blue display <a green display ≤ a red display from a low one. Item 58. A liquid crystal display device according to Item 58. 61. The display of the plurality of colors, wherein the light emission pulse time of the package element is from a short one to a green display from a short blue display to a red display. Item 58. A liquid crystal display device according to Item 58. 62. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 57, wherein the amount of transmitted light at the time of displaying a plurality of types of colors is substantially equal for each color display. 6 3. Depending on the brightness of the display image, a bar corresponding to the multiple types of color display The liquid crystal display device according to claim 57, wherein a balance of a light emitting pulse height and a light emitting pulse time of the light emitting element is changed. 64. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 47, wherein display is performed by changing a birefringence amount of the liquid crystal. 65. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 47, wherein the contrast value is 100 or more. 66. An R-OCB type liquid crystal display device. 47. The liquid crystal display device according to item 7. 67. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 66, wherein the contrast value is 10 or more. 68. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having voltage applying means for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel and having color display means for displaying a plurality of colors. ,  A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a black level adjusting step of adjusting different black level display voltage values for at least one of the plurality of types of color displays. 6 9. A voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, a color displaying means for displaying a plurality of colors, and a black level display voltage value. And a means for independently adjusting a white level display voltage value, which is a voltage value for displaying a white level, in a liquid crystal display device manufacturing method. Then,  A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising a step of independently adjusting a white level display voltage value, which is a voltage value indicating the black level display voltage value and the white level. 70. The liquid crystal display according to claim 68, wherein the white level display voltage value, which is a voltage value indicating a white level when the black level display voltage value is adjusted, does not fluctuate. Equipment manufacturing method. 71. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 68, wherein the color display means is a color filter having a plurality of types of color pixels. 72. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 71, wherein the colors of the plurality of types of color pixels are three types of red transmission, green transmission and blue transmission. 73. The liquid crystal according to claim 72, wherein a black level display voltage value in the blue transmitting color pixel is the lowest among the three kinds of color pixels. A method for manufacturing a display device. 74. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 68, further comprising a black level adjusting unit. 75. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 68, further comprising one system of the voltage adjusting mechanism in which a black level display voltage value of each color display fluctuates in conjunction therewith. 76. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 68, further comprising: two systems of the voltage adjusting mechanism in which a black level display voltage value of each color display changes in conjunction therewith. 77. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 68, further comprising a mechanism for independently adjusting a black level display voltage value of the plurality of types of color display for each color display. 78. A claim characterized in that the color display means is a sequential color illumination method using a backlight element for displaying a plurality of colors. 6. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to δ. 7. 9. The color display of the plurality of types of color display elements is characterized in that there are three kinds of color display of red display, green display and blue display. 8. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 8. 100. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 79, wherein the black level display voltage value in the blue transmission color display is the lowest among the three types of color display. Method. 8 1. The light emitting pulse of the backlight element for displaying the plural kinds of colors is characterized by a blue display <a green display ≤ a red display from a low one. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 80. 8 2. The light emitting pulse time of the backlight element for displaying a plurality of types of colors is green display ≤ red display from short to green display ≤ red display. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 80. 83. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 79, wherein the amount of transmitted light during the display of the plurality of types of colors is substantially equal for each color display. 8 4. Change the luminous pulse height and luminous pulse time balance of the backlight element corresponding to the above-mentioned multiple types of color display according to the brightness of the display image. 9. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises: 85. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 68, wherein the liquid crystal display device is configured to perform display by changing a birefringence amount of the liquid crystal. 86. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 86, wherein the contrast value is 100 or more. 87. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 86, wherein the method is an R—OCB type liquid crystal display device. 8 8. A claim characterized in that the contrast value is 10 or more. 87. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 7. 8 9. A liquid crystal display device having voltage applying means for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel, and performing display by changing an applied voltage by the voltage applying means. And It has a color adjusting means for adjusting the color when displaying white. A liquid crystal display. 90. At least one board and a color display means for displaying a plurality of colors are provided.  When the voltage value indicating the white level is set as the white level display voltage value, the white level display voltage value for at least one of the above-described multiple types of color displays The liquid crystal display device according to claim 89, wherein the liquid crystal display device is different from a white level display voltage value for another color display. 91. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 90, wherein the color display means is a color filter having a plurality of types of color pixels. 9 2. The color display means is a nozzle light element provided on the rear side of the liquid crystal panel for displaying a plurality of colors, and the color display means is provided with a back light. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 90, wherein the element is based on a sequential color illumination method. 9 3. At least one substrate, the substrate has a plurality of color pixels for displaying a plurality of colors,  89. A method according to claim 89, wherein the thickness of the liquid crystal layer for at least one of the plurality of types of color pixels is different from the thickness of the liquid crystal layer for the other color pixels. The liquid crystal display device as described in the above. 9 4. The thickness of the color filter for at least one color pixel of the plurality of color pixels is the thickness of the color filter for other color pixels. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 93, wherein said liquid crystal display device has a thickness different from said thickness. 95. The liquid crystal panel has at least one substrate, and the substrate has a plurality of color pixels for displaying a plurality of colors, and the liquid crystal panel has a plurality of color pixels. 90. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 89, wherein the effective pixel area of at least one kind of color pixel is different from the effective pixel area of another color pixel. 9 6. The liquid crystal panel has at least one substrate, the substrate has a plurality of color pixels for displaying a plurality of colors, and the plurality of color pixels. 90. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 89, wherein the pixel transmittance of at least one of the color pixels is different from the pixel transmittance of another color pixel. 97. At least one substrate is provided in the liquid crystal panel, and a back light element is provided on a back side of the substrate, and the knock light element is provided with: The liquid crystal display device according to claim 89, wherein the light intensity is high within a specific wavelength range. 98. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 97, wherein the backlight element has a high light intensity within a wavelength range on a long wavelength side. 99. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 89, wherein display is performed by using a black writing method. At least one substrate, and the substrate has a plurality of color pixels for displaying a plurality of colors, and at least one color pixel is provided for at least one color pixel. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the black writing times are different. ' 101. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 89, wherein display is performed by changing the amount of birefringence of the liquid crystal. 102. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 89, wherein the contrast value is equal to or more than]. 103. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 112, characterized in that the liquid crystal display device is an R— —CB type liquid crystal display device. 104. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 103, wherein the contrast value is 10 or more. 105. A liquid crystal display device having voltage applying means for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel and performing display by changing the applied voltage by the voltage applying means. So,  At least one substrate and color display means for displaying a plurality of colors;  When the voltage value for displaying the white level is set to the white level display voltage value, the level display voltage value for at least one of the above-described multiple types of color displays is low. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that each type of pixel is different. 0 6. The white level display voltage value and the black level display voltage The liquid crystal display device according to claim 105, further comprising an adjusting unit that independently adjusts a black level display voltage value that is a value. 107. The black level display voltage value, which is the voltage value for displaying the black level when adjusting the white level display voltage value, does not fluctuate. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 105. 108. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 105, wherein the color display means is a color filter having a plurality of kinds of color elements. 109. The device according to claim 108, wherein a white level display voltage value of a color pixel transmitting the light of the shortest wavelength among the plurality of color pixels is the highest. Liquid crystal display device. 110. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 108, characterized in that the colors of the plurality of types of color pixels are three types of red transmission, green transmission, and blue transmission. 10. The method according to claim 10, wherein the white level display voltage value of the blue-transmissive color pixel is the highest among the three types of color pixels. Liquid crystal display. 1 1 2. The white level display voltage value for displaying the white level in the color pixel should be 'blue transmission> green transmission red transmission' among the three types of color pixels. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 110, wherein: 13 3. The transmittance when displaying the white level in the color pixel The liquid crystal display device according to claim 110, characterized in that a white level display voltage value is set so as to be substantially equal to a color pixel. 114. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 108, wherein display is performed using a black writing method. 115. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 114, wherein the colors of the plurality of types of color pixels are three types of red transmission, green transmission, and blue transmission. 1 16. The white level display voltage value for the blue transparent color pixel is the highest among the three kinds of color pixels. The liquid crystal display device according to 5. 1 17 7. The white level display voltage value that indicates the white level of the color pixel is in the relationship of blue transmission> green transmission ≥ red transmission among the three types of color pixels. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 115, wherein: 118. The color display means is a back light element provided on the back side of the liquid crystal panel for displaying a plurality of types of colors. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 105, wherein the light element is based on a non-canonical color lighting method. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 118, wherein, of the plurality of types of color displays, a white level display voltage value of a color display that transmits light of the shortest wavelength is the highest. . 12 0. The light emitting pulse height of the package element for displaying the plurality of colors is highest in the color display transmitting the shortest wavelength light. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, which is a feature. 1 2 1. The light emitting pulse time of the backlight element for displaying the plurality of colors should be the longest in the color display transmitting the shortest wavelength light. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, which is a feature. 1 2 2. A request that the color display of the above-mentioned plural kinds of color display elements has three kinds of color display of red display, green display and blue display. Item 1. A liquid crystal display device according to item 18. 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 12, wherein a white level display voltage value in the blue color display is higher than an owl among the three types of color display. . 1 2 4. A claim characterized in that the light emission pulse height of the backlight element performing the plurality of types of color display is green from green to blue ≤ red. Item 12. A liquid crystal display device according to Item 2. 1 25. The light emitting pulse time of the backlight element that performs the above-mentioned multiple types of color display is characterized by blue display <green display ≤ red display from the shortest one. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. 12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the amount of transmitted light at the time of displaying the plurality of colors is substantially the same for each color display. 127. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 105, wherein display is performed by changing the amount of birefringence of the liquid crystal. 1 28. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 105, wherein the contrast value is 100 or more. 12 9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 10, wherein the liquid crystal display device is an R—OCB type liquid crystal display device. 130. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 129, wherein the contrast value is 10 or more. 1 3 1. A liquid crystal display device having voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel ^ I, and performing display by changing the applied voltage by the voltage applying means. Then,  The liquid crystal panel has at least one substrate, the substrate has a plurality of types of color pixels for displaying a plurality of types of colors, and the plurality of types of color pixels are provided. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that the effective pixel area of at least one type of color pixel is different from the effective pixel area of another color pixel. 13. The method according to claim 13, wherein an effective pixel area of a color pixel that transmits light of the shortest wavelength among the plurality of types of color pixels is the smallest. Liquid crystal display. 1 3 3. The multiple types of color pixels are of three types: red transmission, green transmission, and blue transmission. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 13, wherein the liquid crystal display device has a feature. 13. 34. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 31, wherein the amount of light transmitted through the plurality of types of color pixels is substantially equal for each color pixel. 33. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 33, wherein, of the three types of color pixels, an effective pixel area of a blue transmission color pixel is the smallest. 13. A liquid bug display device according to claim 13, wherein the display is performed by changing a birefringence amount of the liquid crystal. 13 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 131, characterized in that the contrast value is 100 or more. 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 13, wherein the liquid crystal display device is an R—OCB type liquid crystal display device. 13 9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 13, wherein the contrast value is 10 or more. The liquid crystal is sealed in a liquid crystal panel having at least one substrate, and a voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal is provided, and the voltage is applied by the voltage applying means. A liquid crystal display device that performs display by changing voltage, the substrate has a plurality of color pixels for displaying a plurality of colors, and a small number of the color pixels for the rags are provided on the substrate. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that the pixel transmittance of at least one color pixel is different from the pixel transmittance of another color pixel. 140. The pixel according to claim 140, wherein, of the plurality of types of color pixels, a color pixel that transmits light having the shortest wavelength has the smallest pixel transmittance. Liquid crystal display device. 142. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 140, wherein the plurality of types of color pixels are of three types: red transmission, green transmission, and blue transmission. 144. The liquid display device according to claim 140, wherein the amount of light transmitted through the plurality of types of color pixels is substantially equal for each color pixel. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein among the three types of color pixels, an effective pixel area of a blue transmission color pixel is the smallest. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 140, wherein display is performed by changing a birefringence amount of said liquid crystal. 144. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 140, characterized in that the small last value is 100 or more. 140. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 140, wherein the liquid crystal display device is an R—OCB type liquid crystal display device. 148. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 147, characterized in that the contrast value is 10 or more. A liquid crystal display device having voltage applying means for applying a voltage to liquid crystal sealed in a liquid crystal panel and performing display by changing the applied voltage by the voltage applying means. Then,  A liquid crystal display characterized by having a backlight element on the back side of the liquid crystal panel, wherein the backlight element has a high light intensity on a long wavelength side. apparatus. The emission wavelength of the above-described light emitting device is characterized in that the intensity around 610 nm is more than twice as high as the brightness around 430 nm. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein: 15 1. The emission wavelength of the backlight element is characterized in that the luminance near 61 O nm is 1.78 times or more higher than the luminance near 430 nm. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 4.9. 15 22. The method according to claim 14, wherein X is 0.32 or more in xy chromaticity coordinates with respect to light emission of the backlight element. The liquid crystal display device described above. 150 3. The method according to claim 14, wherein in the xy chromaticity coordinates of the light emission of the backlight element, X is 0.36 or more. The liquid crystal display device described above. 1549. The method according to claim 14, wherein X is 0.40 or more in xy chromaticity coordinates with respect to light emission of the knock light element. The liquid crystal display device described. 155. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 149, wherein the color balance of the phosphor constituting the backlight element is adjusted. 15. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein the backlight element has coloring means. 157. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 156, wherein the coloring means has a prism sheet. 158. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 156, wherein the backlight element has a scattering means having coloring property. 159. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 158, wherein the scattering means is a diffusion plate. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the scattering means is a scattering dot provided on a light guide plate constituting the package light element. Liquid crystal display. 161. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 156, wherein said coloring means is a polarization conversion element. 162. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 149, wherein display is performed by changing the amount of birefringence of the liquid crystal. 16 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein the contrast value is 100 or more. 164. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 149, wherein the liquid crystal display device is an R—OCB type liquid crystal display device. 166. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 164, wherein the contrast value is equal to or more than] .0. 1 6 6. There is a voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel, and the display is performed by changing the voltage by the voltage applying means! A liquid crystal display device,  There are voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal and color display means for performing a plurality of types of color display, and at least one type of color display is used for the plurality of types of color display. A liquid crystal display device characterized by having different characteristics. 166. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 166, wherein display is performed by changing a birefringence amount of the liquid crystal. 166. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 166, wherein the contrast value is 100 or more. 16 9. A voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel is provided, and the amount of birefringence of the liquid crystal is changed by changing the voltage applied by the voltage applying means. This is a liquid crystal display device that adjusts and displays. The display with the smallest amount of transmitted light is displayed when the voltage is applied. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that the difference between the phase difference of the liquid crystal and the phase difference of the liquid crystal when a voltage for displaying the largest amount of transmitted light and the amount of transmitted light is applied is smaller than λ 2. The liquid crystal panel has a pair of substrates, and the pretilt directions of the liquid crystal in contact with the pair of substrates are in a plane-symmetric positional relationship with respect to a center plane between the substrates. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 16, wherein the liquid crystal display device is configured to be substantially φ-row-oriented. 17. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 16, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a butt-type liquid crystal display. 1 7 2. A voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal panel is provided, and a voltage applied by the voltage applying means is changed to change the birefringence of the liquid crystal. A liquid that adjusts the temperature of the liquid and displays it.  The phase difference of the liquid crystal when the voltage for applying the display with the smallest transmitted light amount is applied and the liquid crystal when the voltage for performing the display with the largest transmitted light amount is applied Claims 1, 20, 35, 47, 89, 105, 1311, 140, and 100, characterized in that the difference of the phase difference is smaller than 2 The liquid crystal display device according to any one of 149. ,