US3530214A - Method for treating textile materials to uniformly set their shape - Google Patents

Method for treating textile materials to uniformly set their shape Download PDF

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US3530214A
US3530214A US618433A US3530214DA US3530214A US 3530214 A US3530214 A US 3530214A US 618433 A US618433 A US 618433A US 3530214D A US3530214D A US 3530214DA US 3530214 A US3530214 A US 3530214A
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texture
web
temperature
offsets
liquid
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Julius Hermes
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/20—Combinations of two or more of the above-mentioned operations or devices; After-treatments for fixing crimp or curl
    • D02G1/205—After-treatments for fixing crimp or curl

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  • the web While supported in an unstretched condition, the web is immersed in a bath of liquid treating medium maintained at a temperature above the temperature at which the original texture was imparted to the fabric but below the glass transition temperature of the fibers.
  • the liquid medium is caused to flow concurrently at a predetermined relative velocity with respect to the web to control the degree of web texture.
  • the Web is thereafter cooled so that the texture is uniformly reset at the higher elastic memory.
  • the yarns In synthetic textile materials, such as polyesters, polyamides, polyacrylics and triacetate filaments, the yarns generally consist of bundles of filaments or fibers which have been texturized to impart the desired bulk, appearance and hand thereto.
  • the texture is generally provided by crimping, curling, bending or otherwise offsetting the synthetic filaments at an elevated temperature above the temperature at which they take a permanent set and substantially below the glass transition temperature.
  • the elastic memory of these materials is such that the texture will be maintained in the fibers or filaments at temperatures below the temperature at which they were set. However, the oifsets can be pulled out and destroyed at temperatures above their set temperature.
  • the texture providing offsets are important in providing the desired natural appearance, bulk and hand to the completed textile fabric. Where the textile fabric is subjected to temperatures higher than the temperatures at which the texture was set in subsequent processing operations and in use of the fabric, the texture is partially or completely obliterated or destroyed thereby impairing the desired natural appearance, bulk and hand of the fabric.
  • the present invention provides an improved method of treating a textile fabric web formed of synthetic fibers "ice which have been texturized at a predetermined elevated temperature in a manner so as to uniformly reset the original texture providing offsets in the filaments or fibers and so as to uniformly set the interlacing loops and offsets in the yarns.
  • the method contemplates supporting the fabric web in an open, relaxed condition with the fibers in unstretched condition and the texture providing offsets and the interlacing loops and offsets maintained therein.
  • the fabric web is immersed in a liquid treating medium heated to a temperature higher than that at which the texture was imparted to the synthetic fibers and also higher than the temperatures to which the fabric is normally subjected in the subsequent processing and use thereof, but at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the material.
  • the liquid medium is caused to flow concurrently at a predetermined relative velocity with respect to the web.
  • the process may be modified to allow for the shrinkage, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, by overfeeding of the fabric web on to the apparatus at a rate equal to the percentage of longitudinal shrinkage and by adjusting the width of the apparatus to allow for the transverse shrinkage of the fabric web as the web passes through the treating zone.
  • the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand.
  • a textile fabric web formed of synthetic fibers which have been textured, can be rapidly treated at a predetermined elevated temperature in a manner so as to uniformly reset the texture providing crimps and offsets in the filaments or fibers and so as to uniformly set the interlacing loops and offsets in the yarns, whereby the treated fabric web can withstand normal processing and usage while maintaining its texture, natural appearance, bulk and hand.
  • the textile fabric web is continuously fed on to an apparatus at a predetermined controlled rate and is supported thereon in an open, relaxed condition with the fibers in unstretched condition with a minimum of tension so that the texture providing offsets and the interlacing loops and olfsets formed in the yarn are maintained therein.
  • Any suitable apparatus may be employed which will convey a fabric web at a given speed.
  • Such an apparatus may be a tenter frame which employs pins or clips to support the fabric web at a controlled width between a pair of moving rails.
  • the fabric web is continuously fed onto such an apparatus and is maintained at a predetermined controlled width and at a fixed rate of speed.
  • the feeding means is set at a controlled rate of overfeed with the fabric web supported on the apparatus in an unstretched, relaxed condition; the overfeed being substantially equal to the shrinkage of the fabric web in the longitudinal direction after the web has passed through the treating zone.
  • the width of the apparatus may be reduced gradually to a width substantially equal to the shrinkage of the fabric web in the transverse direction. The adjusted width is generally con- 3 trolled while the fabric web is passing through the treating zone.
  • the feed of the fabric web onto the apparatus will be substantially equal to the speed of the supporting means of the apparatus so as to maintain the fabric web in an open, unstretched and relaxed condition.
  • the velocity of the web being conveyed on the apparatus may be as slow as 1 ft./second and is preferably 1 to 15 ft./second.
  • a treating zone to uniformly reset the texture Providing crimps and offsets in the filaments or fibers and to set the interlacing loops and offsets in the yarns at a relatively high elastic memory is provided and is disposed in the path of movement of the fabric web.
  • a liquid treating medium or bath which is maintained at an elevated temperature higher than that at which the texture was imparted to the synthetic fibers and also higher than the temperatures to which the fabric is normally subjected in subsequent processing and use thereof but at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the fabric web, is disposed in the treating zone so that the web is immersed therein and passes therethrough.
  • the treating time of the fabric web is such that the web will be undamaged by the action of the liquid treating medium and yet sufficient to raise the temperature of the web to substantially that of the liquid treating medium but below the glass transition point of the web.
  • Suitable treatment times may be as short as approximately 1 second and as long as 15 seconds, and preferably are approximately 3 to 7 seconds.
  • the texture of the fabric web is maintained and the elastic memory of the texture providing crimps and offsets in the filaments or fibers is raised to a temperature higher than that previously imparted thereto, which elastic memory is also imparted to the interlacing loops and oifsets of the yarns.
  • the treated fabric web is then withdrawn from the liquid treating medium by the supporting apparatus without the application of additional forces. Any force exerted on the fabric web at this point in the process will alter the texture of the web, i.e., a longitudinal force may remove all or part of the texture longitudinally of the web and transverse force may remove all or part of the texture transversely of the web.
  • the withdrawn treated fabric web is passed to a cooling and washing bath which is maintained at a temperature lower than the temperature of the treating liquid and will uniformly reset the texture providing crimps and offsets in the filaments or fibers and uniformly set the interlacing loops and offsets of the yarns, as well as remove excess treating liquid from the web.
  • the temperature of the washing bath is generally at ambient temperature, for economy, but may be controlled at lower than ambient temperature or, as stated above, below the temperature of the treating liquid.
  • the web may be dried or may be further processed by applying finishing treatment materials, such as dyes, anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
  • this may be accomplished by controlling the tension of the web, by controlling the rate of feed and/or width of the web, or by controlling the flow and/or direction of the liquid treating medium.
  • the flow rate of the liquid treating medium may be increased in the direction of movement of the web, or may flow counter to the direction of move ment of the web feed to increase the degree of texture.
  • the liquid treating medium may comprise any of the polyhydric alcohols, alkylene carbonates, or mixtures thereof. Also, the liquid treating medium may comprise a mixture of any of the polyhydric alcohols and diglycolic acid or phosphoric acid. Examples of polyhydric alcohols are ethylene or diethylene glycol, propylene or dipropylene glycol; examples of alkylene carbonates are ethylene or diethylene carbonate, propylene or dipropylene carbonate.
  • the boiling points of various polyhydric alcohols which may be employed are as follows:
  • the temperature of the liquid treating medium may vary widely, and may be as low as approximately 300 F. or as high as 450 F. or more, depending upon the use to which the fabric web will be subjected and the type of synthetic material being treated. For example, the following table sets forth the glass transition points of several widely known synthetic materials:
  • the set temperature may be as high as 350-450 F. However, if the material is to be used, for example, as a rug, then the set temperature need only be high enough to withstand processing and finishing, such as dyeing procedures, since a rug will not normally be subjected to temperatures above boiling water, i.e., 212 F.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view of an apparatus suitable for treating textile materials to uniformly set their shape
  • FIG. 2 is a top elevational view of the supporting means of the apparatus in which the fabric web is shown mounted thereon prior to and after it has passed through the treating zone.
  • the apparatus is a modified pin type tenter frame in which an offset is provided for immersing the fabric web in the treating medium.
  • the fabric web formed into a roll 10 is passed through a feeding means 12 and mounted on pins 14 of tenter chain 16.
  • the fabric web is supported thereon by pins 14 in an open, relaxed and unstretched condition by providing the width of the tenter frame to be substantially equal to the fabric web.
  • the fabric web is fed onto the tenter frame at a controlled rate of overfeed substantially equal to the percentage of shrinkage of the web in the longitudinal direction thereby providing for longitudinal shrinkage of the fabric web.
  • the tenter chain 16 is modified so that an offset 18 is provided in which the offset carries the fabric web through treating medium 20.
  • a suitable trough 22 is provided with conduit means 24 for circulating the treating medium 20, preferably in the direction of travel of the fabric web.
  • Conduit means include inlet conduit 26 and outlet conduit 28.
  • Outlet conduit 28 is connected to a suitable pump on the intake side thereof and inlet conduit 26 is connected to the outlet side of the pump.
  • a heating means to maintain the temperature of treating medium 20 is interposed into the conduit means 24.
  • Suitable metering device is connected to the conduit means so as to add additional treating medium to the trough to maintain a desired level therein.
  • the width of the tenter frame is adjusted gradually to a predetermined width to allow for the percentage of transverse shrinkage of the fabric web, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the tenter frame is provided with means for adjusting the width thereof in which the sprockets for mounting the tenter chain 16 are provided with adjusting means for adjusting the tenter frame inwardly and outwardly.
  • the longitudinal shrinkage of the fabric web is provided by the amount of overfeed of the fabric web when fed onto the pins of the tenter chain.
  • the shrinkage both in the longitudinal and transverse direction, is controlled so that the treated fabric web is in an open, unstretched and relaxed condition whereby the texture providing offsets of the filaments and the interlacing loops and offsets of the yarns are maintained therein.
  • the width of the fabric web 10 is increased as it passes through the treating medium so as to remove or partially remove the degree of texture in the transverse direction originally imparted to the fabric web, as desired.
  • the texture may be modified in the longitudinal direction by underfeeding the fabric web onto the pins of the tenter chain 16.
  • a predetermined degree of texture is removed both in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the fabric web after passing through treating medium 20 is removed from the tenter frame and passed through a washing bath 30 which is maintained at a temperature lower than the temperature of the treating medium whereby the texture providing crimps and offsets in the filaments or fibers are uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets of the yarns are uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory substantially equal to the temperature of the liquid treating medium. Thereafter the fabric web is rinsed to remove any excess treating medium and dried for subsequent use as desired.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Unfinished polyester texturized material, sold under the trademark Dacron, having its texture set at approximately 320 F., wound in a roll approximately 1,000 feet in length and 80 inches wide, is fed at a rate of 3 ft./ second onto a modified pin type tenter frame 80 inches Wide, which maintains the width of the polyester material while carrying out my continuous process to uniformly reset the texture providing crimps and offsets of the filaments or fibers and uniformly set the interlacing loops or offsets of the yarns.
  • the polyester material when mounted on the tenter frame is not subjected to any tensive forces, either transverse or longitudinal. It is passed through a liquid treating medium of diethylene glycol at a speed of 3 ft./
  • the polyester material while passing through the liquid treating medium, is immersed for a period of time no longer than 5 seconds so as to be heated to a temperature higher than that at which the texture was imparted to the polyester material and also higher than the temperatures to which thefabric is normally subjected in the subsequent processing and use thereof, but at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the material. Also, while the polyester material is passing through the liquid treating medium, the flow of the liquid is maintained at approximately 3 ft./second in the direction of the feed so that the relative velocity of the material with respect to the flow of the liquid is approximately zero.
  • the material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Unfinished polyacrylonitrile texturized material, sold under the trademark Orlon, having its texture set at approximately 300 F., wound in a roll approximately 1,000 feet in length and inches wide, is fed at a rate of 1.5 ft./ second onto a modified pin type tenter frame 80 inches wide, and treated in a similar manner as set forth in Example 1. The material is subject to no additional tensive forces other than that as set forth therein.
  • the liquid treating medium of ethylene glycol and 8% dipropylene carbonate is maintained at a temperature of approximately 350 F.
  • vDipropylene carbonate is added to the liquid treating medium in order to reduce the treating time required to uniformly set the texture of the material. However, it may be omitted with the attendant increase in treating time.
  • the rate of feed of the material through the liquid is 1.5 ft./second and the material is in contact with the liquid treating medium for 10 seconds.
  • the fiow of the liquid is in the direction of the feed at a rate of approximately 1.5 ft./ second.
  • the material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Unfinished triacetate texturized material, sold under the trademark Arnel, having its texture set at approximately 300 F., wound in a roll approximately 1,000 feet in length and 80 inches wide, is mounted onto a modified pin type tenter frame 80 inches wide, and treated as in Example 1, employing the same feed rate of material, liquid flow rate in the direction of feed and the material is immersed in the liquid treating medium for a period of time no longer than 5 seconds.
  • the liquid treating medium of propylene glycol is maintained at a temperature of approximately 340 F.
  • Dipropylene carbonate may be added to the propylene glycol in the manner as set forth in Example 2.
  • the material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
  • EXAMPLE 4 Unfinished polyamide texturized material, sold under the trade name nylon type 6, having its texture set at approximately 300 F., wound in a roll approximately 1,000 feet in length and 80 inches wide, is mounted on to a modified pin type tenter frame 80 inches wide, and treated as in Example 1, employing the same conditions except that the temperature of the liquid treating medium is maintained at approximately 325 F.
  • the material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
  • EXAMPLE 5 Unfinished polyester texturized material, sold under the trademark Dacron, having its texture set at approximately 320 F., wound in a roll approximately 1,000 feet in length and 80 inches wide, is fed at a rate of 3.3 ft./second to allow for shrinkage of the material in the longitudinal direction onto a modified pin type tenter frame 80 inches wide, which maintains the width of the polyester material while carrying out my continuous process to uniformly reset the texture providing crimps and offsets of the filaments or fibers and uniformly set the interlacing loops or offsets of the yarns.
  • the polyester material when mounted on the tenter frame is not subjected to any tensive forces, either transverse or longitudinal.
  • the web is passed through a liquid treating medium of diethylene glycol at a speed of 3 ft./ second with the temperature of the liquid maintained at approximately 425 F. While the material is passing through the diethylene glycol bath the width of the tenter frame is gradually reduced to 72 to allow for 10% shrinkage in the width of the material.
  • the polyester material while passing through the liquid treating medium, is immersed for a period of time no longer than 5 seconds so as to be heated to a temperature higher than that at which the texture was imparted to the polyester material and also higher than the temperatures to which the fabric is normally subjected in the subsequent processing and use thereof, but at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the material. Also, while the material is passing through the liquid treating medium, the flow of the liquid is maintained at approximately 3 ft./second in the direction of the feed so that the relative velocity of the material with respect to the flow of the liquid is approximately zero.
  • the material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
  • Example 6 The material of Example 2 is treated in the same manner as set forth in Example 5, except that the liquid treating medium is dipropylene glycol and the temperature of the liquid is maintained at approximately 350 F.
  • the material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
  • Example 7 The material of Example 4 is treated in the same manner as set forth in Example 5, except that the liquid treating medium is ethylene glycol maintained at a temperature of approximately 340 F.
  • the material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for furtehr processing, such as dyeing, applying antistatic agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
  • any of the polyhydric alcohols, alkylene carbonates, or mixtures thereof, or a mixture of any of the polyhydric alcohols and diglycolic acid or phosphoric acid may be substituted for the liquid treating mediums set forth to obtain similar results.
  • any form of synthetic material may be employed, such as knitted or woven, or they may be blended with natural fibers or yarns, or blended with ohter synthetic material.

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Description

Sept. 22, 1970 3,530,214
METHOD FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS 'IO UNIFORMLY SET THEIR APE Filed Feb. 1967 F/G.Z-
' INVENTOR JUL/US H'PM-TS BY @J a, flea... viz:
ATTORNEYS ilnited States Patent 3,530,214 METHOD FOR TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS T0 UNIFORMLY SET THEIR SHAPE Julius Hermes, Martinsville, Va., assignor of one-half to Bernard Klebanow, New York, N.Y. Filed Feb. 24, 1967, Ser. No. 618,433- Int. Cl. D06c 3/00 US. Cl. 264-342 1 Claim ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method is described for treating a textile fabric web of synthetic fibers with interlacing loops and offsets to uniformly reset its shape and texture at a higher elastic memory. While supported in an unstretched condition, the web is immersed in a bath of liquid treating medium maintained at a temperature above the temperature at which the original texture was imparted to the fabric but below the glass transition temperature of the fibers. The liquid medium is caused to flow concurrently at a predetermined relative velocity with respect to the web to control the degree of web texture. The Web is thereafter cooled so that the texture is uniformly reset at the higher elastic memory.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In synthetic textile materials, such as polyesters, polyamides, polyacrylics and triacetate filaments, the yarns generally consist of bundles of filaments or fibers which have been texturized to impart the desired bulk, appearance and hand thereto. The texture is generally provided by crimping, curling, bending or otherwise offsetting the synthetic filaments at an elevated temperature above the temperature at which they take a permanent set and substantially below the glass transition temperature. The elastic memory of these materials is such that the texture will be maintained in the fibers or filaments at temperatures below the temperature at which they were set. However, the oifsets can be pulled out and destroyed at temperatures above their set temperature.
The texture providing offsets are important in providing the desired natural appearance, bulk and hand to the completed textile fabric. Where the textile fabric is subjected to temperatures higher than the temperatures at which the texture was set in subsequent processing operations and in use of the fabric, the texture is partially or completely obliterated or destroyed thereby impairing the desired natural appearance, bulk and hand of the fabric.
Attempts have been made to reset the texture in the fabric by subjecting the fabric to air, heated to a temperature above the original set temperature. However, this procedure has proven unsatisfactory in that it is diflicult to uniformly reset all of the texture providing offsets by simply subjecting the fabric to hot air.
In addition to the foregoing problems, I have also found that when the synthetic yarns are woven, knitted or otherwise interlaced in forming a fabric web, further interlacing offsets or loops are formed in the yarns where they are woven or knitted with each other. These loops or offsets also serve to porvide bulk, hand or natural appearance to the fabric. When these interlacing offsets or loops are partially obliterated or flattened out in subsequent treating operations and in use, the appearance, bulk and hand of the fabric is further impaired and the fabric is subject to loss of dimensional stability and distortion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an improved method of treating a textile fabric web formed of synthetic fibers "ice which have been texturized at a predetermined elevated temperature in a manner so as to uniformly reset the original texture providing offsets in the filaments or fibers and so as to uniformly set the interlacing loops and offsets in the yarns. The method contemplates supporting the fabric web in an open, relaxed condition with the fibers in unstretched condition and the texture providing offsets and the interlacing loops and offsets maintained therein. While thus supported, the fabric web is immersed in a liquid treating medium heated to a temperature higher than that at which the texture was imparted to the synthetic fibers and also higher than the temperatures to which the fabric is normally subjected in the subsequent processing and use thereof, but at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the material. The liquid medium is caused to flow concurrently at a predetermined relative velocity with respect to the web. By thus controlling the velocity of the liquid medium relative to the web the degree of web texture can be increased, decreased or maintained constant. Where the fabric Web has not been preshrunk, the process may be modified to allow for the shrinkage, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, by overfeeding of the fabric web on to the apparatus at a rate equal to the percentage of longitudinal shrinkage and by adjusting the width of the apparatus to allow for the transverse shrinkage of the fabric web as the web passes through the treating zone. Upon cooling of the web below the temperature of the medium, the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In practicing the invention herein, I have found that a textile fabric web, formed of synthetic fibers which have been textured, can be rapidly treated at a predetermined elevated temperature in a manner so as to uniformly reset the texture providing crimps and offsets in the filaments or fibers and so as to uniformly set the interlacing loops and offsets in the yarns, whereby the treated fabric web can withstand normal processing and usage while maintaining its texture, natural appearance, bulk and hand.
The textile fabric web is continuously fed on to an apparatus at a predetermined controlled rate and is supported thereon in an open, relaxed condition with the fibers in unstretched condition with a minimum of tension so that the texture providing offsets and the interlacing loops and olfsets formed in the yarn are maintained therein. Any suitable apparatus may be employed which will convey a fabric web at a given speed. Such an apparatus may be a tenter frame which employs pins or clips to support the fabric web at a controlled width between a pair of moving rails. The fabric web is continuously fed onto such an apparatus and is maintained at a predetermined controlled width and at a fixed rate of speed.
To adjust for any longitudinal shrinkage of the fabric web, the feeding means is set at a controlled rate of overfeed with the fabric web supported on the apparatus in an unstretched, relaxed condition; the overfeed being substantially equal to the shrinkage of the fabric web in the longitudinal direction after the web has passed through the treating zone. Also, after the fabric web has been supported on the apparatus, the width of the apparatus may be reduced gradually to a width substantially equal to the shrinkage of the fabric web in the transverse direction. The adjusted width is generally con- 3 trolled while the fabric web is passing through the treating zone.
Where shrinkage of the fabric web is not a factor, then the feed of the fabric web onto the apparatus will be substantially equal to the speed of the supporting means of the apparatus so as to maintain the fabric web in an open, unstretched and relaxed condition.
I have found that the velocity of the web being conveyed on the apparatus may be as slow as 1 ft./second and is preferably 1 to 15 ft./second.
A treating zone to uniformly reset the texture Providing crimps and offsets in the filaments or fibers and to set the interlacing loops and offsets in the yarns at a relatively high elastic memory is provided and is disposed in the path of movement of the fabric web.
A liquid treating medium or bath, which is maintained at an elevated temperature higher than that at which the texture was imparted to the synthetic fibers and also higher than the temperatures to which the fabric is normally subjected in subsequent processing and use thereof but at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the fabric web, is disposed in the treating zone so that the web is immersed therein and passes therethrough. The treating time of the fabric web is such that the web will be undamaged by the action of the liquid treating medium and yet sufficient to raise the temperature of the web to substantially that of the liquid treating medium but below the glass transition point of the web. Suitable treatment times may be as short as approximately 1 second and as long as 15 seconds, and preferably are approximately 3 to 7 seconds.
It has been found advantageous in many instances to cause the treating liquid to flow concurrently with the fabric web being treated at a velocity substantially equal to the velocity of the web, so that the relative velocity of the liquid with respect to the web approaches Zero. In this manner, additional tensive forces are not present when subjecting the web to the treating medium and the only forces present will be those exerted by the mass of the web and the surface tension of the liquid treating medium.
The texture of the fabric web is maintained and the elastic memory of the texture providing crimps and offsets in the filaments or fibers is raised to a temperature higher than that previously imparted thereto, which elastic memory is also imparted to the interlacing loops and oifsets of the yarns.
The treated fabric web is then withdrawn from the liquid treating medium by the supporting apparatus without the application of additional forces. Any force exerted on the fabric web at this point in the process will alter the texture of the web, i.e., a longitudinal force may remove all or part of the texture longitudinally of the web and transverse force may remove all or part of the texture transversely of the web.
Then the withdrawn treated fabric web is passed to a cooling and washing bath which is maintained at a temperature lower than the temperature of the treating liquid and will uniformly reset the texture providing crimps and offsets in the filaments or fibers and uniformly set the interlacing loops and offsets of the yarns, as well as remove excess treating liquid from the web. The temperature of the washing bath is generally at ambient temperature, for economy, but may be controlled at lower than ambient temperature or, as stated above, below the temperature of the treating liquid.
After the fabric web has been cooled and washed, the web may be dried or may be further processed by applying finishing treatment materials, such as dyes, anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
Where the fabric web to be treated requires an alteration in the texture, this may be accomplished by controlling the tension of the web, by controlling the rate of feed and/or width of the web, or by controlling the flow and/or direction of the liquid treating medium.
Where the texture is to be modified to partially remove the degree of set, the flow rate of the liquid treating medium may be increased in the direction of movement of the web, or may flow counter to the direction of move ment of the web feed to increase the degree of texture.
In addition, by altering the feed of the fabric web a different desired texture may be obtained by controlled overfeed or underfeed thereof, thereby imparting a uniformly greater or lesser degree of texture than that previously imparted to the fabric web. Similarly, by supporting the fabric web at a width greater or lesser than the relaxed width, similar results are obtained in the transverse direction, Thus, either the transverse and/or the longitudinal texture of the treated fabric web may be controlled as desired.
The liquid treating medium may comprise any of the polyhydric alcohols, alkylene carbonates, or mixtures thereof. Also, the liquid treating medium may comprise a mixture of any of the polyhydric alcohols and diglycolic acid or phosphoric acid. Examples of polyhydric alcohols are ethylene or diethylene glycol, propylene or dipropylene glycol; examples of alkylene carbonates are ethylene or diethylene carbonate, propylene or dipropylene carbonate. The boiling points of various polyhydric alcohols which may be employed are as follows:
F. Ethylene glycol 387 Diethylene glycol 472 Triethylene glycol 533 Tetraethylene glycol 586 Propylene glycol 371 Dipropylene glycol 449 The temperature of the liquid treating medium may vary widely, and may be as low as approximately 300 F. or as high as 450 F. or more, depending upon the use to which the fabric web will be subjected and the type of synthetic material being treated. For example, the following table sets forth the glass transition points of several widely known synthetic materials:
F. Polyamides (nylon) Approximately 340 Acrylonitrile polymer (Orlon)- Approximately 370-380 Polyester (Dacron) Approximately 450 Cellulose triacetate (Arnel) Approximately 350 If the material is to be employed as wearing apparel which necessitates washing and ironing, then the set temperature may be as high as 350-450 F. However, if the material is to be used, for example, as a rug, then the set temperature need only be high enough to withstand processing and finishing, such as dyeing procedures, since a rug will not normally be subjected to temperatures above boiling water, i.e., 212 F.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In describing the invention herein, a suitable apparatus as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be employed. FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view of an apparatus suitable for treating textile materials to uniformly set their shape and FIG. 2 is a top elevational view of the supporting means of the apparatus in which the fabric web is shown mounted thereon prior to and after it has passed through the treating zone.
In FIG. 1, the apparatus is a modified pin type tenter frame in which an offset is provided for immersing the fabric web in the treating medium. The fabric web formed into a roll 10 is passed through a feeding means 12 and mounted on pins 14 of tenter chain 16. The fabric web is supported thereon by pins 14 in an open, relaxed and unstretched condition by providing the width of the tenter frame to be substantially equal to the fabric web. When it is desired, the fabric web is fed onto the tenter frame at a controlled rate of overfeed substantially equal to the percentage of shrinkage of the web in the longitudinal direction thereby providing for longitudinal shrinkage of the fabric web. The tenter chain 16 is modified so that an offset 18 is provided in which the offset carries the fabric web through treating medium 20. A suitable trough 22 is provided with conduit means 24 for circulating the treating medium 20, preferably in the direction of travel of the fabric web. Conduit means include inlet conduit 26 and outlet conduit 28. Outlet conduit 28 is connected to a suitable pump on the intake side thereof and inlet conduit 26 is connected to the outlet side of the pump. A heating means to maintain the temperature of treating medium 20 is interposed into the conduit means 24. Suitable metering device is connected to the conduit means so as to add additional treating medium to the trough to maintain a desired level therein.
When fabric web approaches offset 18 formed in the tenter frame, the material is carried into treating medium and immersed therein. Also, the width of the tenter frame is adjusted gradually to a predetermined width to allow for the percentage of transverse shrinkage of the fabric web, as illustrated in FIG. 2. The tenter frame is provided with means for adjusting the width thereof in which the sprockets for mounting the tenter chain 16 are provided with adjusting means for adjusting the tenter frame inwardly and outwardly. By adjusting the width of the sprockets at one end of the tenter frame, a gradual decrease in width of the tenter frame is provided, as illus trated in FIG. 2.
The longitudinal shrinkage of the fabric web is provided by the amount of overfeed of the fabric web when fed onto the pins of the tenter chain. Thus, when the fabric web passes through the treating medium 20 the shrinkage, both in the longitudinal and transverse direction, is controlled so that the treated fabric web is in an open, unstretched and relaxed condition whereby the texture providing offsets of the filaments and the interlacing loops and offsets of the yarns are maintained therein.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, in dotted lines, the width of the fabric web 10 is increased as it passes through the treating medium so as to remove or partially remove the degree of texture in the transverse direction originally imparted to the fabric web, as desired. Similarly, the texture may be modified in the longitudinal direction by underfeeding the fabric web onto the pins of the tenter chain 16. Thus, as the fabric web passes through the treating medium 20, a predetermined degree of texture is removed both in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
The fabric web after passing through treating medium 20 is removed from the tenter frame and passed through a washing bath 30 which is maintained at a temperature lower than the temperature of the treating medium whereby the texture providing crimps and offsets in the filaments or fibers are uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets of the yarns are uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory substantially equal to the temperature of the liquid treating medium. Thereafter the fabric web is rinsed to remove any excess treating medium and dried for subsequent use as desired.
The following are specific examples illustrating preferred methods of continuously treating synthetic material to uniformly set the texture therein:
EXAMPLE 1 Unfinished polyester texturized material, sold under the trademark Dacron, having its texture set at approximately 320 F., wound in a roll approximately 1,000 feet in length and 80 inches wide, is fed at a rate of 3 ft./ second onto a modified pin type tenter frame 80 inches Wide, which maintains the width of the polyester material while carrying out my continuous process to uniformly reset the texture providing crimps and offsets of the filaments or fibers and uniformly set the interlacing loops or offsets of the yarns. The polyester material when mounted on the tenter frame is not subjected to any tensive forces, either transverse or longitudinal. It is passed through a liquid treating medium of diethylene glycol at a speed of 3 ft./
second with the temperature of the liquid maintained at approximately 400 F. The polyester material, while passing through the liquid treating medium, is immersed for a period of time no longer than 5 seconds so as to be heated to a temperature higher than that at which the texture was imparted to the polyester material and also higher than the temperatures to which thefabric is normally subjected in the subsequent processing and use thereof, but at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the material. Also, while the polyester material is passing through the liquid treating medium, the flow of the liquid is maintained at approximately 3 ft./second in the direction of the feed so that the relative velocity of the material with respect to the flow of the liquid is approximately zero. There are no additional tensive forces exerted on the material above that of its own mass being supported on the apparatus, the surface tension of the liquid treating medium and the residual amount of liquid adhering to the material. No forces are exerted on the material to withdraw it from the liquid treating medium, other than as described above.
The material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
EXAMPLE 2 Unfinished polyacrylonitrile texturized material, sold under the trademark Orlon, having its texture set at approximately 300 F., wound in a roll approximately 1,000 feet in length and inches wide, is fed at a rate of 1.5 ft./ second onto a modified pin type tenter frame 80 inches wide, and treated in a similar manner as set forth in Example 1. The material is subject to no additional tensive forces other than that as set forth therein.
The liquid treating medium of ethylene glycol and 8% dipropylene carbonate is maintained at a temperature of approximately 350 F. vDipropylene carbonate is added to the liquid treating medium in order to reduce the treating time required to uniformly set the texture of the material. However, it may be omitted with the attendant increase in treating time. The rate of feed of the material through the liquid is 1.5 ft./second and the material is in contact with the liquid treating medium for 10 seconds. The fiow of the liquid is in the direction of the feed at a rate of approximately 1.5 ft./ second.
The material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
EXAMPLE 3 Unfinished triacetate texturized material, sold under the trademark Arnel, having its texture set at approximately 300 F., wound in a roll approximately 1,000 feet in length and 80 inches wide, is mounted onto a modified pin type tenter frame 80 inches wide, and treated as in Example 1, employing the same feed rate of material, liquid flow rate in the direction of feed and the material is immersed in the liquid treating medium for a period of time no longer than 5 seconds. The liquid treating medium of propylene glycol is maintained at a temperature of approximately 340 F. Dipropylene carbonate may be added to the propylene glycol in the manner as set forth in Example 2.
The material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
EXAMPLE 4 Unfinished polyamide texturized material, sold under the trade name nylon type 6, having its texture set at approximately 300 F., wound in a roll approximately 1,000 feet in length and 80 inches wide, is mounted on to a modified pin type tenter frame 80 inches wide, and treated as in Example 1, employing the same conditions except that the temperature of the liquid treating medium is maintained at approximately 325 F.
The material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
EXAMPLE 5 Unfinished polyester texturized material, sold under the trademark Dacron, having its texture set at approximately 320 F., wound in a roll approximately 1,000 feet in length and 80 inches wide, is fed at a rate of 3.3 ft./second to allow for shrinkage of the material in the longitudinal direction onto a modified pin type tenter frame 80 inches wide, which maintains the width of the polyester material while carrying out my continuous process to uniformly reset the texture providing crimps and offsets of the filaments or fibers and uniformly set the interlacing loops or offsets of the yarns. The polyester material when mounted on the tenter frame is not subjected to any tensive forces, either transverse or longitudinal. The web is passed through a liquid treating medium of diethylene glycol at a speed of 3 ft./ second with the temperature of the liquid maintained at approximately 425 F. While the material is passing through the diethylene glycol bath the width of the tenter frame is gradually reduced to 72 to allow for 10% shrinkage in the width of the material.
The polyester material, while passing through the liquid treating medium, is immersed for a period of time no longer than 5 seconds so as to be heated to a temperature higher than that at which the texture was imparted to the polyester material and also higher than the temperatures to which the fabric is normally subjected in the subsequent processing and use thereof, but at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the material. Also, while the material is passing through the liquid treating medium, the flow of the liquid is maintained at approximately 3 ft./second in the direction of the feed so that the relative velocity of the material with respect to the flow of the liquid is approximately zero.-
There are no additional tensive forces exerted on the material above that of its own mass being supported on the apparatus, the surface tension of the liquid treating me dium and the residual amount of liquid adhering to the material. No forces are exerted on the material to with- 8 draw it from the liquid treating medium other than as described above.
The material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
EXAMPLE 6 The material of Example 2 is treated in the same manner as set forth in Example 5, except that the liquid treating medium is dipropylene glycol and the temperature of the liquid is maintained at approximately 350 F.
The material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for further processing, such as dyeing, applying anti-static agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
EXAMPLE 7 The material of Example 4 is treated in the same manner as set forth in Example 5, except that the liquid treating medium is ethylene glycol maintained at a temperature of approximately 340 F.
The material is then passed through a water bath, maintained at ambient temperature, to set the material at the treatment temperature and to remove any of the residual treatment solution, whereby the texture providing offsets have been uniformly reset and the interlacing loops and offsets have been uniformly set at a relatively high elastic memory so that it can thereafter withstand normal processing and usage while still maintaining its texture and its natural appearance, bulk and hand, and is ready for furtehr processing, such as dyeing, applying antistatic agents, UV absorbers, or the like.
In place of the specific liquid treating mediums men tioned above, any of the polyhydric alcohols, alkylene carbonates, or mixtures thereof, or a mixture of any of the polyhydric alcohols and diglycolic acid or phosphoric acid, may be substituted for the liquid treating mediums set forth to obtain similar results.
From the foregoing examples, it is obvious that any form of synthetic material may be employed, such as knitted or woven, or they may be blended with natural fibers or yarns, or blended with ohter synthetic material.
It is apparent that various modifications may be made in the method for carrying out my invention and various materials may be substituted for the liquid treating medium; the rate of feed and velocity of the material and the velocity and direction of flow of the liquid treating medium may be altered without departing from the invention herein.
I claim:
1. The method of treating a textile fabric web of fibers made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, acrylonitrile polymer and cellulose triacetate to uniformly reset its shape and texture at a higher elastic memory, the web being formed of fibers with interlacing loops and offsets, and the fibers having original texture providing offsets formed at a predetermined temperature so as to provide a texture thereon which comprises:
(a) supporting the fabric web in an open, relaxed condition on a tenter frame with the fibers in unstretched condition so that the texture of crimps and interlacing loops and oflsets is maintained in the relaxed web;
(b) moving said web in a longitudinal direction at 1-15 feet per second through a heated bath of liquid treating medium selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and mixtures of the aforesaid glycols with alkylene carbonate, phosphoric acid and diglycolic acid, said bath being maintained at a temperature of 300450 F. which is above the predetermined temperature at which the original texture was imparted to the fibers but below the glass transition temperature of the material of the fibers;
(c) moving the liquid medium in the same direction as the web at 1-15 feet per second while the web is immersed in the heated bath and is supported on the tenter frame to thereby reduce tensile forces on the web due to drag by the liquid, said movement of web and liquid medium providing a contact time of l to 15 seconds whereby the fibers in the web, in a relaxed condition, are heated to the temperature of the liquid medium with the forces against said web being due solely to the movement of the liquid medium at a relative velocity of the liquid medium with respect to the web of approximately zero; and
(d) thereafter removing and cooling the web by quenching in water at room temperature to uniformly reset the texture-providing crimps and interlacing doops and offsets at a higher elastic memory whereby the natural appearance, bulk and hand are uniformly maintained.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 7/1942 Miles 8130.1 12/1944 Benger 8-1301 8/1951 Cadgene 8130.1 10/1955 Blount.
1/1959 Adams 8-130.1 5/1960 Hermes 8-1301 3/ 1962 Finlayson et al 28-76 9/1962 Miller 8-1301 1/ 1965 Hirshfeld 2876 5/ 1965 Tanner 2876 6/1967 Such 2876 1/1968 Brown et al. 28-72 7/ 1942 Miles. 7/1952 Hebeler 264-168 2/1962 Fitzgerald 2872.1 7/1967 Fujita et al. 264-103 8/1968 Olson 161-173 Great Britain.
JULIUS FROME, Primary Examiner H. MINTZ, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
mg? UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3, 530,214 Dated September 22 1910 Inventor(s) J. Hermes It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 8, line 67, after "polyester, insert polyamide,
Column 9; line 8;, -fdel ete "with"-'end insert ih its place and one material selected from the group" consisting of --j colunln 9, line '30, "doop s" should re d loops V V Signed and sealed this 20th; day of April 1971.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD MFLSTCHER,JR.
WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, JR. Attestlng Officer Commissioner of Patents
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DE2716600A1 (en) * 1976-12-15 1978-06-22 Martin Processing Co Inc PROCESS FOR TEXTURING AND THERMAL FIXING TEXTILE FABRICS
US4115054A (en) * 1976-01-09 1978-09-19 Martin Processing, Inc. Process for the rapid, continuous and waterless dyeing and texturizing and heat-setting of textile and plastic materials
US4503008A (en) * 1982-05-28 1985-03-05 Celanese Corporation Process for producing self-texturing fabric with soft hand
US4550579A (en) * 1984-04-13 1985-11-05 Frank Clifford G Apparatus for the dyeing of shaped articles
US4653295A (en) * 1984-04-13 1987-03-31 Frank Clifford G Apparatus for the dyeing of shaped articles
US4717391A (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-01-05 Burlington Industries, Inc. Method for spraying of dyes from high-boiling solvent dispersions onto open width fabric with heat setting
US4866957A (en) * 1986-11-28 1989-09-19 Burlington Industries, Inc. Solvent dyeing and heatsetting apparatus
US6117192A (en) * 1999-05-24 2000-09-12 Tatecraft Industries, Inc. Dye composition, dyeing apparatus and dyeing method
US20090291603A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2009-11-26 Newton Mark J Enhanced Thickness Fabric and Method of Making Same

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US4115054A (en) * 1976-01-09 1978-09-19 Martin Processing, Inc. Process for the rapid, continuous and waterless dyeing and texturizing and heat-setting of textile and plastic materials
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US6117192A (en) * 1999-05-24 2000-09-12 Tatecraft Industries, Inc. Dye composition, dyeing apparatus and dyeing method
US20090291603A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2009-11-26 Newton Mark J Enhanced Thickness Fabric and Method of Making Same
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CH258368A4 (en) 1971-04-30
FR1554462A (en) 1969-01-17
ES351224A1 (en) 1969-06-01
DE1710493A1 (en) 1971-12-09
GB1163697A (en) 1969-09-10
NL6802587A (en) 1968-08-26
CH512622A (en) 1971-04-30

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