US2179738A - Roofing shingle - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORNEYS O 0 [III ll l INVENTOR. .1

Nov. M, 1939. A. w. FULLER ROOFING SHINGLE Filed March 7, 1938 NOV. 14, 139. A. w. FULLER ROOFING SHING'LE Filed March 7, 1938 2 Shaets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. J ZL @67 5 U [kf a sheeting strips or like members which are spaced Patented Nov. 14, 1939 pairs at TNT OFF-ICE 2,179,738 ROOFING SHINGLE Albert w. Fuller, Muncie, Ind.

Application March 7, 1938, Serial No. 194,287

4 Claims. or. 108-9) The present invention relates to building shingles and the structure formed thereby, as well as the method of forming the structure.

It is the practice to provide shingled roofs and walls in which the shingles are arranged in various different formations or designs in accordance with the particular effect desired. It has been the custom to assemble these various formations or designs from special shingles having lower edges configurated in accordance with the particular design selected. It has also become the general practice to configurate elongated strips of shingle material with the lower edge configuration corresponding to a plurality of shingles.

In proceeding in accordance with any of these prior practices it has been necessary for the manufacturer and distributor to maintain in storage a stock of each of the several types of shingles essential in providing the various shingle formations or designs. Accordingly, this requires a relatively considerable storage space. -Moreover, asphalt and other plastic shingles cannot normally be stacked over five bundles high for the reason that increased pressure tends to crush the slate facing into the asphalt base to the damage and detriment of the articles. The storage of relatively great quantities of such materials, therefor, is particularly troublesome and costly in that a relatively great amount of fioor space is required.

It is, accordingly, an object of the present invention to provide a shingle which is simple and inexpensive to provide and which will serve adequately for the various conventional types of roof formations or designs so that the distributor need only stock a single type of shingle, thus reducing storage costs.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a shingle which is suitable for assembling the so-called Dutch lap, Cape God or Hexagonal designs on a roof or wall wherein each shingle is provided with ample nailing space whereby nails may be readily driven into solid supporting framework even though the framework comprises tion to provide a shingle of the above type 'assembled in aroof or wall of any of the above styles or formations wherein the shingles are not simply secured adjacent one end but are fastened down substantially throughout their length.

Numerous other objects and advantages will more fully appear during the course and progress of .the following specification.

Referring to the drawings:

constructed in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 is a sectional elevation taken on the line 2-2 in Figure 1.

"Figure 3 is a sectional elevation taken on the line 3-3 in'Figure 1. Y

Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional detail elevation taken on the line 4-4 in Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of one of the shingles of the roof shown in Figure 1.

- Figure 6 is a plan view of a roof comprising an alternative modified embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a plan view of a roof comprising a further preferred modification of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a detail sectional elevation taken on the line 8-8 in Figure 7.

Referring more specifically to the drawings wherein there are disclosed illustrative embodiments constructed in accordance with the present invention, Figures 1 to 4 disclose a section ofa roof comprising a uniform covering of shingles. It will be noted that this roof comprises a plurality of spaced sheeting strips IE! which are supported by and secured to a plurality of rafters or framing members l2.

The shingles, illustrated generally by the ref,- erence numeral I4, are all substantially identically configurated, as shown in Figure 5, and comprise a substantially rectangular periphery bounded by the parallel sides I 5 and 58 which lie at right angles to and intersect the transvers sides 20 and 22. In other words, the sides l6, I8, 20 and 22 of the shingle, shown clearly in Figure 5, reside in lines which intersect to form four corners. The sides l6 and 20 terminate at corners of the rectangle and are uninterrupted therebetweem. Attention is particularly directed to the fact, however, that the edges l8 and 22, while terminating at one end at the corners formed by the intersection with the sides It and 2B, are not extended to the point of intersection. These sides are interrupted short of the corner formed by the relatively far apart. The present invention more specifically comprehends the provision of a roof or wall having the above specific shingle formations or designs provided in each instance from the same form and type of a generally rectangular shingle wherein the overlap of each of the shingles with respect to all the adjacent shingles is determined by a diagonally arranged edge formed thereon. It is yet a further. object of the present inven- Figure 1 is a plan view of a portion of a roof intersection of the lines in which they reside by the diagonally extending edge 24.

In other words, if the lines of sides l8 and 20 are extended, as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 5, they form an angle A which is subtended by the diagonal side 24. Since, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle A is a right angle it forms a triangle with the edge 24 as an hypotenuse.

The present invention preferably comprehends the positioning of the edge 24 so that it makes substantially equal angles with sides l8 and 22. As a result the sides of the hereinbefore mentioned triangle having the edge 24 as an hypotenuse will have substantially equal sides for a reason to be hereinafter described more in detail.

The roof section shown in Figure 1 is composed of shingles of the structure shown in Figure 5 and is assembled in the following manner. Assembly starts with the lowermost righthand shingle disclosed in the figure, which is positioned as shown with respect to the sheeting strips l0 and with its edge [6 at the bottom. The edges l8 and 20 will, accordingly, be represented by the dotted lines l8 and 20 shown in this figure and the side edge 22 will be indicated by the full line 22. Accordingly, the diagonal edge 24 is represented by the diagonal dotted line shown in the lower righthand portion of this figure.

The shingle M is fastened in place by nails 26 along its lefthand edge, as viewed in the figure, the righthand edge being cemented to the top edge of the fragment of the shingle shown in the righthand side of the figure. The second shingle I4 is next laid, as shown in the figure, being orientated at the same angular position as the aforementioned shingle, with the bottom edges 16 in alinement.

It is important to note that therighthand edge of the shingle M is overlapped above the shingle is until the point of intersection of the edge I 8 with the diagonal edge 24 is just above the corner formed by the intersection of the edges I 8 and 2c in the shingle "M. In thisposition the distance of overlap of these shingles is equal to theaforementioned side of the triangle .of which the edge 24' is the hypotenuse, which'distance is represented by the letter C in Figure 1.

Referring more specifically to Figure 5, where the dot and dash lines indicate the relative position of the edges of the adjacent'shingles, when assembled in overlapping relationship, it will be seen that this distance of overlap is constant at all points along the edges. The shingle I4 is secured'by nails as well as by the application of cement upon the overlapped portions of the shingle l4.

Construction proceeds from right to left in this manner until a desired portion of the lowermost row of shingles is fixed to the framework whereupon the second row of shingles is laid from right to left in the same'manner, starting with the righthandmost shingle M". This shingle is arranged so that its edge 20 is in alinement with theedge 22 of the shingle M, the lower edge 'Hi'being overlapped downwardly above the upper edge I8 of the shingle M until the lower' edge I6 is alined with the point of intersection of the diagonal edge 24 and the side edge 22 of the first shingle. Accordingly, the degree of overlap will be determined in the same manner as in the case of the overlapping edges 20 and 22, as has been hereinbefore mentioned. This vertical distance of" overlap is equal to the sideB of the triangle having the edge 24 as an hypotenuse. This distance of overlap is likewise continuous throughout and is represented by the distance B in Figures 1 and 5.

After shingle I 4 is secured as at 25, shingle M is arranged as shown in the figure, with its edge 22 overlapped in the identical manner as in the first row and its lower edge it in alinement with the lower edge of shingle M".

Assembly of the roof proceeds in this manner until the roof is completely covered with shingles, all of the edges having a predetermined fixed degree of overlap throughout. Attention is particularly directed to the fact that each and every one of the shingles in the entire roof is arranged in substantially the same angular relationship in the same plane. Moreover, the so-called uninterrupted edges l6 and 20 of each shingle are so arranged that they reside above one of that terminal points of the diagonal edge 24 of the adjacent shingle, so that these terminal points serve to relatively position the shingles and predetermine the overlap of all the edges.

In other words, the diagonal edge 24 is so arranged that it intersects one of the four corners of the substantially rectangular shingle l4, thereby interrupting the edges l8 and 22 at points removed from the corner, and the distance of removal of these points of intersection from the corner accurately determines the degree of overlap in the final roof.

Figure 4 illustrates more particularly the manner in which the topmost overlapped edges 22 in the finished roof are cemented to the lower edges 20, the cement being represented by the reference numeral 28. All nail heads of the nails 26 are housed and protected from the weather by the overlying portion of the uppermost shingle clearly shown in Figure 4, as well as by the layer of cement which secures this shingle to the nailed edge of the lower shingle.

The previously described roof comprises a formation'known as the Dutch lap design. The present invention also comprehends the provision of various other preferred roofing desig-ns from shingles of the hereinbefore described type and structure. To this end there is shown in Figure 6 a roof embodying the style known as the Cape Cod formation or design. In assembling a roof of this character the lowermost righthand complete shingle M shown in Figure 6 is first positioned-as shown in the figure with its diagonal edge 24 in the lowermost righthand corner and the side I8 positioned at the bottom. The second shingle I4 is positioned with its edge 22 overlapping the edge 20 of shingle M, the distance of overlap being equal to the distance B as determined by the side 'B of the right angle triangle formed with the diagonal edge 24 as an hypotenuse, as hereinbefore described.

After the first row of shingles is completed the laying of the second row'loegins with shingle M" which is arranged with the corner formed by the intersection of its diagonal edge 24 and its lower edge i8 residing in alinement or congruency with the edge 22 ofthefirst mentioned shingle Hi. The other end of the diagonal edge 24,namely, the point formed by the intersection of this edge and the vertical edge 22, is positioned in alinement with the upper edges I6 of the lower- 'most row of shingles so that the overlap, as described in connection with the first mentioned preferred embodiment, is equal to the distance B.

Shingle hi is then arranged with respect to shingles M and I4, as'shown'in the figures, and

construction progresses in this manner until the roof is finally completed.

As in the previous embodiment, each shingle is secured to the sheeting strips. H! by nails 26 along its lefthand edge, namely, the edge which is overlapped by the adjacent edge of the next lefthand shingle. The topmost overlapping edges are, as before, preferably cemented together substantially throughout their length.

Reference is made to Figures 7 and 8 for the illustration of a yet further preferred shingle formation known as the Hexagonal design. While in the previous embodiments side edges of all the shingles are arranged in vertical planes, according to the present style the shingles are arranged with their side edges in planes which are angularly disposed with respect to the vertical.

More specifically attention is directed to the fact that all of the side edges of each of the shingles shown in Figure '7 are so arranged that they reside in planes which make equal angles with respect to the vertical. In each instance as before each of the shingles is orientated in the same angular relationship in the plane of the roof with the so-called diagonal edge 2% at the bottom.

In constructing the roof shown in Figure '7, a starter strip 39 is initially secured at the lower edge of the roof. The starter strip comprises a band of roofing material adapted to complete the lower edge of the roof and to occupy the spaces between the lowermost edge portions 24.. In proceeding to lay the shingles in this hexagonal type design, shingle It in the lower righ hand corner is positioned as shown, being fastened to the sheeting strips by the nails 26. The second shingle M is positioned as shown with its right-hand corner coinciding with the lefthand corner of the shingle I4.

\ After the lowermost row of shingles is applied in this manner shingle I4" is arranged as shown so that its lower edge 2% extends between the lines formed by the edges I8 and 22 of the lowermost shingles i l and l t, respectively. In other words, shingle I4 is angularly orientated identically the same as the other shingles and is arranged so that the points of intersection of the so-called diagonal edge 25 with its edges 18 and 22 reside upon the aforesaid edges It and 22 of the first row of shingles. Shingle I 4 is located in the same manner with its right-hand corner con-- tacting the left-hand corner of the shingle M".

After the structure has been completed in this manner it will be seen that the overlap of each of the shingles in all cases, as determined along a line normal to the overlapping edges, is equal to the distances B and C as fixed by the diagonal line 24. In other words, the distances B and C, as clearly represented in Figure '7, will be seen to be identical with the distances of overlap B and C in the previous roof structures.

The present invention comprehends the securement of the overlapping portions of each of the shingles, and Figure 8 discloses the positioning of the layer of cement 28 beneath the edge 24 for securing the lower portions of the shingle to the nailed edges of the overlying shingle portions.

The present invention provides a simple shingle and a system of assembling shingles which obviates the necessity for the provision of large stocks to meet the demand for various popular shingle designs and formations. The present invention additionally provides a roof in which each shingle is adequately fastened to the underlying supporting wall structure. Thus the nailing portion extends over a plurality of sheeting strips ID, as clearly shown in Figures 1, 3, 6 and 7, so that there are available numerous points for nailing and attachment.

It is comprehended, in accordance with the present invention, that the shingles be assembled in designs wherein they are identically angularly orientated in the plane of the roof, that is, with the side edges in parallel relationship and in this position the overlap at all points will be accuratel.v determined by the diagonal edge 24.

In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention the shinglev 14 may comprise a substantially square periphery having edges l6 and 20 about sixteen inches long and having the diagonal edge 24 forming an angle of one hundred thirty-five degrees with each of the side edges is and 22 and having a length of four inches. This shingle is suitable for the. formation of a roof having adequate weather-resisting qualities and evidencing the pleasing de-- signs hereinbefore mentioned.

While the above specification makes illustrative mention of various roof formations, it will be understood that the present invention is not so limited but may be applied to wall or other partition structures. The term overlap, as used in the specification and claims, is intended to refer to the relative lapping of edge portions of shingle elements beyond each other and is not intended to define relative elevation in space.

It is thought that the invention and numerous of its attendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing description and it is obvious that numerous changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the several parts without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, or sacrificing any of its attendant advantages, the form herein described being a preferred embodiment for the purpose of illustrating the invention.

The invention is hereby claimed as follows:

1. In a roof or wall comprising a supporting frame or partition covered with a plurality of shingles, said shingles comprising substantially rectangular, flat shingle elements having substantially parallel side edges extending in lines intersecting to form right angular corners, one of the corner portions of said shingle comprising an edge extending diagonally between adjacent side edges, all of said shingles being arranged with horizontal top and bottom edges in parallel, lapping relationship, the distance of overlap between courses and between shingles of the same course being determined by the length of the side edge intersected by said diagonal edge, and said diagonal edge in each shingle being superposed above the edges lapped thereby.

2. In a roof or wall comprising a supporting frame having thereon a plurality of shingles, said shingles comprising fiat shingle elements having a substantially square peripheral configuration with parallel side edges intersecting at substantially right angular corners and being arranged with the top and bottom edges in parallel planes, one of said corner portions being intersected by an edge extending diagonally between adjacent side edges and spaced from the normal point of intersection of said side edges, all of said shingles being arranged in parallel, side and end lapping relationship, the distance of overlap being equivalent to the length of the side edges subtended by the intersection of said diagonal edge, and said diagonal edges being superposed in overlapping relationship upon adjacent side and end lapping units whereby the diagonal edge is visible exteriorly.

3. In a roof or wall comprising a supporting frame covered with a plurality of shingles, each shingle comprising a substantially flat shingle element having a generally rectangular periphery interrupted by a diagonal edge extending adjacent one corner portion between angularly disposed side edges of said rectangle to provide interrupted side edges, all of said shingles being arranged in substantially parallel, side and end Overlapping re s p, each edge of each shingle being arranged in a line parallel to an edge of the adjacent shingle and extending through a point Substantially congruent with the point of intersection of a said diagonal edge with an intersecting side edge whereby the degree of overlap is substantially equal to the distance said diagonal edge extends from said adjacent overlapped edge in a line normal to said overlapped edge, said interrupted side edges in each shingle residing above adjacent. side edges of side lapping units and each said interrupted end edge residing above each adjacent end lapping unit whereby the diagonal edge is superposed in visible relationship.

4. In a roof or wall comprising a supporting frame covered with a plurality of shingles, each shingle comprising a substantially fiat shingle element having a generally rectangular periphery interrupted by a diagonal edge extending adjacent one corner portion between angularly disposed side edges of said rectangle, all of said shingles being arranged in substantially parallel, overlapping relationship, each edge of each shingle being arranged in a line, parallel to an edge of the adjacent shingle and extending through a point substantially congruent with the point of intersection of a said diagonal edge with an intersecting side edge whereby the degree of overlap is equal to the distance said diagonal edge extends from said adjacent overlapped edge in a line normal to said overlapped edge, each shingle in each lower course being arranged with the said diagonal edge adjacent a bottom corner and superposed above each adjacent side lapping edge, the course above said first mentioned course being arranged with the said diagonal edge of each shingle in the same relative angular position as said first mentioned course and with the lower extremity of said diagonal edge in substantially congruent relationship above the interrupted side edge of the lower shingle whereby to provide a l roof having visible inclined portions arranged in stepwise relationship.

ALBERT W. FULLER.

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