TWI448542B - 阻焰薄膜及其製備方法 - Google Patents
阻焰薄膜及其製備方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI448542B TWI448542B TW099147360A TW99147360A TWI448542B TW I448542 B TWI448542 B TW I448542B TW 099147360 A TW099147360 A TW 099147360A TW 99147360 A TW99147360 A TW 99147360A TW I448542 B TWI448542 B TW I448542B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- film
- nano
- flame
- based resin
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- RJDOZRNNYVAULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] RJDOZRNNYVAULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 claims 2
- HCITUYXHCZGFEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.N=C1NC(=N)NC(=N)N1 HCITUYXHCZGFEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 123
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007431 microscopic evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012802 nanoclay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002120 nanofilm Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012667 polymer degradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007767 slide coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007764 slot die coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29D7/01—Films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Description
本發明為利用片狀奈米矽片(NSP)經自行排列(self-assembly)方法形成規則排列之薄膜(thin film),具微透明、撓曲且抗火焰等性質。未來應用包括阻焰薄膜、電子零組件材料、建材表層及內層、鋼筋水泥塗料及高分子添加材料、建築產業、民生用品、車輛,防水衣等有實用價值。
已知黏土具有阻氣耐熱、耐燃的特性,因此如何將奈米級的黏土混掺至高分子材料以使奈米複合材料在耐燃耐熱上應用在電子、建材、生醫等領域,為目前重要的研究議題之一。
為了使含有奈米級的黏土薄膜具有可撓曲性,既有技術普遍為添加高分子化合物,形成有機/無機混成薄膜。可參考文獻包括:(1) G. Johnsy,et al.,“Aminoclay: A Designer Filler For the Synthesis of Highly Ductile Polymer-Nanocomposite Film”Applied materials & interfaces
,VOL. 1,NO. 12,2796-2803,2009;(2) Siska Hamdani et al.,“Flame Retardancy of Silicone-Based Materials”,Polymer Degradation and Stability
,94(2009),465-495;(3) Hyun-Jeong Nam et al.,“Formability And Properties of Self-Standing Clay Film by Montmorillonite With Different Interlayer Cations”,(4)Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects
,346(2009),158-163;(5) Andreas Walther,et al.,“Large-Area,Lightweight And Thick Biomimetic Composites With Superior Material Properties Via Fast,Economic,And Green Pathways”,Nano Lett
.,2010,10(8),pp 2742-2748。
然而,上述之製程均含有有機高分子,即為有機/無機混合膜,因此可耐受的溫度無法提高,亦即,阻燃絕熱的效果無法令人滿意。至於由100%黏土做出來的膜,由文獻Hyun-Jeong Nam,Takeo Ebina,Fujio Mizukami,Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects,2009,346,158-163可得知,其成膜性不佳。
有鑑於此,本發明遂採用先前自行研發成功的奈米矽片製作成薄膜,期能有效改善上述習知技術及產物的缺失。
本發明之目的在於提供一種抗火焰長效型不穿破故可阻熱之薄膜,不僅可完全阻絕火焰傳導,在火燄燃燒環境中不改變形狀,且不含高分子化合物就亦可具有可撓曲的特性。
本發明之另一目的在於提供一種製造阻焰薄膜之方法,不需添加高分子化合物或有機溶劑,具有簡單、快速、無污染等優點。
本發明製造阻焰薄膜之方法主要包括下列步驟:(1)將無機矽酸鹽黏土或其脫層形式之奈米矽片與一溶劑混合,形成一分散溶液,該無機矽酸鹽黏土係選自蒙脫土、皂土、鋰皂土、人工合成雲母、高嶺土、滑石、凹凸棒土、蛭石及層狀雙氫氧化物(LDH)所組之群,該脫層形式之奈米矽片具有雙層平板或二片組成一個單位的結構;及(2)使該分散溶液於一表面乾燥以除去該溶劑,使該無機矽酸鹽黏土或其脫層形式之奈米矽片自行排列(self-assembly)形成規則排列之微透明薄膜,厚度為約5μm至1,000μm,最小曲率為1.00 mm。此外,亦可於步驟(1)中混掺一高分子化合物;或於步驟(2)於一高分子化合物之薄膜或金屬表面上乾燥形成一複合膜。
本發明方法中,所使用的溶劑可為水、DMF、甲醇或乙醇;較佳為水。無機矽酸鹽黏土或脫層之無機矽酸鹽黏土可於5℃至99℃下與該溶劑混合;較佳為。該分散溶液中該無機矽酸鹽黏土或脫層之無機矽酸鹽黏土之含量為0.1 wt%至30 wt%;較佳為1.2~5 wt%。該分散溶液可於5℃至99℃下乾燥;較佳為約室溫~60℃。
本發明方法使用或製造的阻焰薄膜中,脫層形式之奈米矽片之水溶液之等電點較佳為約pH 6.4。阻焰薄膜之厚度較佳為約5μm~100μm;更佳為約5μm~50μm。此外,該阻焰薄膜亦可混掺一高分子化合物,或與一高分子化合物之薄膜或金屬膜結合形成一複合膜。
該無機矽酸鹽黏土或其脫層形式之奈米矽片與該高分子化合物之重量比例為至少1:99;較佳為至少70:30。高分子化合物可為聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)、聚對苯二甲酸乙烯酯(polyethyleneterephthalate,PET)、聚醯亞胺樹脂(polyimide-based resin)或聚苯乙烯樹脂(polystyrene-based resin);較佳為聚乙烯醇(PVA)。
本發明之阻焰薄膜之最小曲率其次為2.5 mm;再其次為3.75 mm。
1. 可為全無機材料所製成,突破一般以往純黏土膜所不能達到的撓曲性質以及膜薄性質。
2. 相較於習知的黏土薄膜,於結構上排列整齊度大幅提升。
3. 於800℃火焰中,經過70分鐘,仍無著火現象,並可保持結構完整,不會產生破洞。
本發明較佳實施例使用之原料包括:
(1) 奈米矽片:Nano Silicate Platelet(NSP),陽離子交換容量(CEC)=120 mequiv/100 g,分散於水中形成10 wt%之分散液;此奈米矽片是由天然黏土脫層而得,製程可參閱本發明人之美國專利NO.7,022,299、7,094,815、7,125,916、7,442,728、7,495,043,無機含量幾近於百分之百;由XRD可得知其為脫層黏土(無繞射峰出現);由原子力顯微鏡的分析顯示,分散於水中的奈米矽片為雙層平板或二片組成一個單位的狀態存在。由TEM也可得証其片狀分散性良好;由界達電位(zeta potentials)數據可得知奈米矽片水溶液之等電點在pH 6.4。
(2) 蒙脫土:Na+
-MMT,陽離子交換容量(CEC)=120 mequiv/100 g,購自Nanocor Co.,型號PGW。
(3) 聚乙烯醇:Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)
本發明奈米矽片(NSP)薄膜之製備方法詳述如下,操作條件表列於附件1。
取奈米矽片水溶液(50 g,10 wt%)至燒杯,加入去離子水117 g。室溫下以機械式攪拌機攪拌1小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液倒入成膜PET容器中,於室溫下進行成膜。一天後,脫膜得到一奈微米矽片薄膜。附件2為製造奈米矽片薄膜之過程。
取奈米矽片水溶液(100 g,10 wt%)至燒杯,加入去離子水233 g。室溫下以機械式攪拌機攪拌3小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液倒入成膜PET容器中,於室溫下進行成膜。一天後,脫膜得到一微米矽片薄膜。
取奈米矽片水溶液(50 g,10 wt %)至燒杯,加入去離子水50 g。室溫下以均質機攪拌2小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液倒入成膜Teflon容器中,於室溫下進行成膜。一天後,脫膜得到一微米矽片薄膜。
取奈米矽片水溶液(100 g,10 wt %)至燒杯,加入去離子水100 g。室溫下以均質機攪拌3小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液以旋轉塗佈法製膜,並於室溫下乾燥一天後,脫膜得到五微米矽片薄膜。
取奈米矽片水溶液(50 g,10 wt %)至燒杯,加入去離子水50 g。室溫下以機械式攪拌機攪拌2小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液以旋轉塗佈法製膜,於30℃下進行乾燥5小時後,脫膜得到五微米矽片薄膜。
取奈米矽片水溶液(50 g,10 wt %)至燒杯,加入去離子水50 g。室溫下以機械式攪拌機攪拌2小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液以噴灑塗佈法製膜,於50℃下進行乾燥3小時後,脫膜得到五微米矽片薄膜。
取奈米矽片水溶液(50 g,10 wt%)至燒杯,加入去離子水50 g。室溫下攪拌2小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液以浸沾塗佈法製膜,於60℃下進行乾燥3小時後,脫膜得到五十微米矽片薄膜。
取奈米矽片水溶液(35 g,10 wt%)至燒杯,加入去離子水50 g,再加入PVA水溶液(15g,10wt%)。室溫下攪拌2小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液以浸沾塗佈法製膜,於60℃下進行乾燥3小時後,脫膜得到五十微米矽片薄膜。
取奈米矽片水溶液(25 g,10 wt%)至燒杯,加入去離子水50 g,再加入PVA水溶液(25g,10wt%)。室溫下攪拌2小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液以浸沾塗佈法製膜,於60℃下進行乾燥3小時後,脫膜得到五十微米矽片薄膜。
取奈米矽片水溶液(15 g,10 wt%)至燒杯,加入去離子水50 g,再加入PVA水溶液(35g,10wt%)。室溫下攪拌2小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液以浸沾塗佈法製膜,於60℃下進行乾燥3小時後,脫膜得到五十微米矽片薄膜。
取PVA水溶液(50g,10wt%)至燒杯,加入去離子水50 g。室溫下攪拌2小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液以浸沾塗佈法製膜,於60℃下進行乾燥3小時後,脫膜得到五十微米矽片薄膜。
取蒙脫土水溶液(50g,10wt%)至燒杯,加入去離子水50 g。室溫下攪拌2小時後,將此分散之奈米矽片水溶液以浸沾塗佈法製膜,於60℃下進行乾燥3小時後,脫膜得到五十微米矽片薄膜。
附件3之照片顯示本發明實施例1所得的奈米矽片薄膜具有自成一體(free-standing)、微透明、撓曲等性質。本發明的撓曲率定義為一固定長度的薄膜捲成圓筒型時,在膜本體不破裂的前題下,所形成圓筒之直徑長度。本發明實例1所得的薄膜,可撓曲最小曲率為3.75 mm。
附件4之照片顯示本發明實施例9之MMT薄膜及實施例7之NSP薄膜的掃描電子顯微鏡(scanning electron microscope,SEM)截面圖,顯示NSP薄膜的排列情形較未脫層的MMT薄膜來的緻密且規則。
附件5為MMT薄膜及NSP薄膜之火焰燃燒測試裝置,於薄膜本身及薄膜背後1公分處量測其溫度。
附件6則為其概念圖,顯示薄膜的規則層狀結構,可有效於x、y、z軸三方向阻隔火焰及熱傳導。左下圖顯示NSP薄膜於燃燒後一小時,其膜面於x、y軸兩方向火焰並不會繼續向外擴散燃燒。
附件7的(a)及(b)分別為MMT薄膜及NSP薄膜於阻燃試驗前之SEM截面圖,MMT薄膜的表面結構較NSP薄膜為粗糙。(c)及(d)則分別為MMT薄膜及NSP薄膜經過700℃火焰燃燒後的SEM截面圖。其中MMT薄膜其表面結構產生明顯皺褶,而NSP薄膜僅有局部凸起產生,整體表面結構於火焰燃燒後並無顯著差異。推測其原因為MMT薄膜的片狀結構堆疊較鬆散、紊亂,因此在高溫火焰燃燒下,不易維持其結構。黏土之間因集中於某方向擠壓,造成薄膜有孔洞結構出現,無法維持膜的完整性。反觀NSP薄膜由於其排列整齊緻密,因此雖受高溫火焰處理,仍可以保持其結構完整性,以及表面結構的平整。附件8則以照片顯示上述薄膜於阻燃試驗前後的狀況。
第1圖及第2圖顯示MMT薄膜及NSP薄膜在接觸700℃的火焰時,薄膜本身及薄膜背後1公分處的溫度隨時間變化的情形。第1圖中,NSP薄膜本身溫度可於5分鐘內降至200℃;而MMT薄膜由於結構被瞬間破壞,產生孔洞。因此雖於初始溫度有下降至大約250至300℃,但仍於數分鐘後飆升至700℃。第2圖中,NSP薄膜本身可阻擋火燄,使溫度在5分鐘內降至55℃。而MMT膜仍因結構上的破壞,導致其溫度飆升回700℃,無法有效阻擋火焰,降低溫度。
附件9係以20μm的MMT薄膜及NSP薄膜阻隔棉花球燃燒之情形。上圖為MMT薄膜,於火焰噴槍燃燒1分鐘後,表面結構被破壞產生破洞,導致後方1公分處的棉花球立即著火燃燒。下圖為NSP薄膜,於火焰噴槍燃燒1個小時後,後方的棉花球只有燻黑現象產生,並無燃燒著火,且NSP薄膜表面結構依然維持完整。
附件10係以照片比較不同比例混掺之NSP/PVA複合膜之燃燒情形,薄膜厚度皆為50μm,大小為3×3 cm2
。由圖中可觀察到PVA薄膜一碰觸到火燄則立即燃燒,而NSP/PVA(w/w=30/70)之複合膜於一瞬間燃燒後,火焰便立即停止,薄膜外形雖有變化,但無滴垂現象產生。隨著奈米矽片含量的增加(w/w=50/50及70/30),可明確觀察到複合膜的形變越來越不明顯。直至NSP薄膜,經火燄燃燒時並無著火之現象產生之外,且形狀依然維持原狀,火焰也無燃燒至整片薄膜情形產生。膜下方仍有部分黃白處,顯示火焰擴散並未至此。
由上述實施例及試驗可發現,只需非常簡單的操作步驟及條件,便可得到阻焰效果極佳、又可撓曲的薄膜。主要原因在於,本發明較佳實施例使用的NSP原料具有較佳的規則排列特性,為習知奈米黏土所不及。
因此,本發明製程使用的溶劑、溫度、乾燥方法不需嚴格限制,只要能得到均勻的分散液及除去溶劑,而不破壞奈米矽片結構即可。例如,可以溶液蒸發法或濕式塗佈法除去該溶劑。溶液蒸發法可使用任何適當容器或載盤盛裝溶液,所需時間則可隨溫度適當調整。濕式塗佈法可為旋轉塗佈法(spin coating)、塗膜器(doctor blade)塗佈法、浸沾塗佈法(dip coating)、滾筒塗佈法(roll coating)、噴灑塗佈法(spray coating)、粉體塗裝法(powder coating)、狹縫模具塗佈法(slot die coating)、斜板塗佈法(slide coating)、淋幕塗佈法(curtain coating)或奈米壓印塗佈法/印刷塗佈法(nanoimprint/nanoprint)。
本發明所製造的奈米矽片薄膜可進一步與高分子化合物相混摻,形成具有彈性之複合材料。高分子化合物除了實施例之PVA,尚包括聚對苯二甲酸乙烯酯(polyethyleneterephthalate,PET)、聚醯亞胺樹脂(polyimide-based resin,PI)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)、聚苯乙烯樹脂(polystyrene-based resin,PS)、聚縮醛樹脂(polyacetal-based resin)、聚丙烯樹脂(polyacrylic resin)、聚醯胺樹脂(polyamide-based resin)、聚丁烯對苯二甲酸酯樹脂(polybutylene terephthalate resin)、聚碳酸酯樹脂(polycarbonate resin)、聚酯樹脂(polyester-based resin)、聚稀烴樹脂(polyolefin-based resin)、聚苯硫醚樹脂(polyphenylene sulfide resin)、聚苯醚樹脂(polyphenylene oxide resin)、聚胺酯樹脂(polyurethane-based resin)、醇酸樹脂(alkyd resin)、環氧樹脂(epoxy resin)、三聚氰胺樹脂(melamine resin)、酚樹脂(phenol resin)、矽氧樹脂(silicone resin)、不飽和聚酯樹脂(unsaturated polyester resin)、尿素樹脂(urea resin)、氨基甲酸酯樹脂(urethane resin)等。
本發明之奈米矽片水溶液已可達量產階段,所製造的奈米矽片薄膜可應用於防火之塗料,並進一步利用於電子產品、建材及鋼筋水泥塗料之抗焰相關應用上。
第1及2圖顯示MMT薄膜及NSP薄膜在接觸700℃的火焰時,薄膜本身及薄膜背後1公分處的溫度隨時間變化的情形。
附件1 本發明製造NSP薄膜之操作條件
附件2 本發明製造NSP薄膜之過程
附件3 本發明製造之NSP薄膜
附件4(a) MMT薄膜之SEM截面圖(b) NSP薄膜之SEM截面圖
附件5 阻焰試驗之裝置圖
附件6 阻焰試驗之概念圖
附件7(a) MMT薄膜於阻燃試驗前之SEM截面圖(b) NSP薄膜於阻燃試驗前之SEM截面圖(c) MMT薄膜於阻燃試驗後之SEM截面圖(d) NSP薄膜於阻燃試驗後之SEM截面圖
附件8(a) MMT薄膜於阻燃試驗前之照片(b) NSP薄膜於阻燃試驗前之照片(c) MMT薄膜於阻燃試驗後之照片(d) NSP薄膜於阻燃試驗後之照片
附件9 以MMT薄膜及NSP薄膜阻隔棉花球燃燒之情形
附件10 不同比例混掺之NSP/PVA薄膜燃燒之情形
Claims (9)
- 一種阻焰薄膜,係由規則排列之奈米矽片及一高分子化合物形成之微透明薄膜,厚度為約5μm至1,000μm,最小曲率為1.00mm,該奈米矽片與該高分子化合物之重量比例至少為70/30;其中該奈米矽片為無機矽酸鹽黏土脫層形成,並具有雙層平板或二片組成一個單位的結構,該無機矽酸鹽黏土係選自蒙脫土、皂土、鋰皂土、人工合成雲母、高嶺土、滑石、凹凸棒土、蛭石及層狀雙氫氧化物(LDH)所組之群。
- 如請求項1之阻焰薄膜,其中該奈米矽片之水溶液之等電點約為pH 6.4。
- 如請求項1之阻焰薄膜,其中該高分子化合物為聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、聚對苯二甲酸乙烯酯(polyethyleneterephthalate,PET)、聚醯亞胺樹脂(polyimide-based resin,PI)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)、聚苯乙烯樹脂(polystyrene-based resin,PS)、聚縮醛樹脂(polyacetal-based resin)、聚丙烯樹脂(polyacrylic resin)、聚醯胺樹脂(polyamide-based resin)、聚丁烯對苯二甲酸酯樹脂(polybutylene terephthalate resin)、聚碳酸酯樹脂(polycarbonate resin)、聚酯樹脂(polyester-based resin)、聚稀烴樹脂(polyolefin-based resin)、聚苯硫醚樹脂(polyphenylene sulfide resin)、聚苯醚樹脂(polyphenylene oxide resin)、聚胺酯樹脂(polyurethane-based resin)、醇酸樹脂(alkyd resin)、環氧樹脂(epoxy resin)、三聚氰胺樹脂(melamine resin)、酚樹脂(phenol resin)、矽氧樹脂(silicone resin)、不飽和聚酯樹脂(unsaturated polyester resin)、尿素樹脂(urea resin)或氨基甲酸酯樹脂(urethane resin)。
- 一種製造阻焰薄膜之方法,包括步驟:(1)將奈米矽片與一溶劑混合,形成一分散溶液,再混掺一高分子化合物,且該奈米矽片與該高分子化合物之重量比例至少為70/30,該奈米矽片為無機矽酸鹽黏土脫層形成,並具有雙層平板或二片組成一個單位的結構,該無機矽酸鹽黏土係選自蒙脫土、皂土、鋰皂土、人工合成雲母、高嶺土、滑石、凹凸棒土、蛭石及層狀雙氫氧化物(LDH)所組之群;及(2)使該分散溶液於一表面乾燥以除去該溶劑,使該奈米矽片自行排列(self-assembly)形成規則排列之微透明薄膜,厚度為約5μm至1,000μm,最小曲率為1.00mm。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該溶劑為水、DMF、甲醇或乙醇。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該奈米矽片係於5℃至99℃下與該溶劑混合。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該分散溶液中該奈米矽片之含量為0.1wt%至30wt%。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該分散溶液係於5℃至99℃下乾燥。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該高分子化合物為聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、聚對苯二甲酸乙烯酯(polyethyleneterephthalate,PET)、聚醯亞胺樹脂(polyimide-based resin,PI)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)、聚苯乙烯樹脂(polystyrene-based resin,PS)、聚縮醛樹脂(polyacetal-based resin)、聚丙烯樹脂(polyacrylic resin)、聚醯胺樹脂(polyamide-based resin)、聚丁烯對苯二甲酸酯樹脂(polybutylene terephthalate resin)、聚碳酸酯樹脂(polycarbonate resin)、聚酯樹脂(polyester-based resin)、聚稀烴樹脂(polyolefin-based resin)、聚苯硫醚樹脂(polyphenylene sulfide resin)、聚苯醚樹脂(polyphenylene oxide resin)、聚胺酯樹脂(polyurethane-based resin)、醇酸樹脂(alkyd resin)、環氧樹脂(epoxy resin)、三聚氰胺樹脂(melamine resin)、酚樹脂(phenol resin)、矽氧樹脂(silicone resin)、不飽和聚酯樹脂(unsaturated polyester resin)、尿素樹脂(urea resin)或氨基甲酸酯樹脂(urethane resin)。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW099147360A TWI448542B (zh) | 2010-12-31 | 2010-12-31 | 阻焰薄膜及其製備方法 |
| US13/311,429 US20120171449A1 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2011-12-05 | Anti-flame film and method for producing the same |
| US14/737,406 US20150274909A1 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2015-06-11 | Anti-flame film and method for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW099147360A TWI448542B (zh) | 2010-12-31 | 2010-12-31 | 阻焰薄膜及其製備方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201226541A TW201226541A (en) | 2012-07-01 |
| TWI448542B true TWI448542B (zh) | 2014-08-11 |
Family
ID=46381015
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW099147360A TWI448542B (zh) | 2010-12-31 | 2010-12-31 | 阻焰薄膜及其製備方法 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20120171449A1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI448542B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6562841B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-31 | 2019-08-21 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 多孔質板状フィラー |
| TWI796926B (zh) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-03-21 | 矽光顧問有限公司 | 尼龍/奈米矽片複合物及其製造方法與在高分子的應用 |
| CN117181010A (zh) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-12-08 | 浙江大学 | 一种无机双层陶瓷膜及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090318587A1 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2009-12-24 | Susannah Scott | Method for forming flame-retardant clay-polyolefin composites |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5853886A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-12-29 | Claytec, Inc. | Hybrid nanocomposites comprising layered inorganic material and methods of preparation |
| KR100824133B1 (ko) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-04-21 | 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 | 유기화제가 제거된 박리형 클레이 나노 미립자-고분자복합재료의 제조방법 |
-
2010
- 2010-12-31 TW TW099147360A patent/TWI448542B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2011
- 2011-12-05 US US13/311,429 patent/US20120171449A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2015
- 2015-06-11 US US14/737,406 patent/US20150274909A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090318587A1 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2009-12-24 | Susannah Scott | Method for forming flame-retardant clay-polyolefin composites |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150274909A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
| US20120171449A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
| TW201226541A (en) | 2012-07-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Shen et al. | Color adjustable, mechanically robust, flame-retardant and weather-resistant TiO2/MMT/CNF hierarchical nanocomposite coatings toward intelligent fire cyclic warning and protection | |
| Ma et al. | Nanofibrillated Cellulose/MgO@ rGO composite films with highly anisotropic thermal conductivity and electrical insulation | |
| Li et al. | Hollow nanoshell of layered double hydroxide | |
| Cheng et al. | Flexible and fire-resistant all-inorganic composite film with high in-plane thermal conductivity | |
| Yang et al. | The aramid-coating-on-aramid strategy toward strong, tough, and foldable polymer aerogel films | |
| Cain et al. | Iron-containing, high aspect ratio clay as nanoarmor that imparts substantial thermal/flame protection to polyurethane with a single electrostatically-deposited bilayer | |
| Rajasekar et al. | Electrostatically assembled layer-by-layer composites containing graphene oxide for enhanced hydrogen gas barrier application | |
| Bertolino et al. | Halloysite nanotubes sandwiched between chitosan layers: Novel bionanocomposites with multilayer structures | |
| JP5796016B2 (ja) | 強いナノペーパー | |
| Matei et al. | Synthesis and characterization of ZnO–polymer nanocomposites | |
| Ji et al. | Nickel hydroxide as novel filler for high energy density dielectric polymer composites | |
| Sen et al. | Electroactive behavior of graphene nanoplatelets loaded cellulose composite actuators | |
| Li et al. | Layered double hydroxide-based fire resistant coatings for flexible polyurethane foam | |
| Zhou et al. | Realization of ultra-high barrier to water vapor by 3D-interconnection of super-hydrophobic graphene layers in polylactide films | |
| Yang et al. | Effects of preparation approaches on optical properties of self-assembled cellulose nanopapers | |
| Chen et al. | Tunable self-assembly structure of graphene oxide/cellulose nanocrystal hybrid films fabricated by vacuum filtration technique | |
| TWI448542B (zh) | 阻焰薄膜及其製備方法 | |
| Datsyuk et al. | Polystyrene nanofibers for nonwoven porous building insulation materials | |
| JP7796701B2 (ja) | 非含浸セル型炭素ナノ構造体を含む複合材 | |
| Deng et al. | Environment friendly biomass composite aerogel with reinforced mechanical properties for thermal insulation and flame retardancy application | |
| JP2017019134A5 (ja) | 化粧シートおよび化粧シートの製造方法 | |
| Pan et al. | Reinforcement of layer-by-layer self-assembly coating modified cellulose nanofibers to reduce the flammability of polyvinyl alcohol | |
| Ding et al. | Flexible fire-resistant and heat-insulating materials fabricated using sodium titanate nanobelts | |
| Harun-Ur-Rashid et al. | Fire-resistant polymeric foams and their applications | |
| Duan et al. | Biomimetic, mechanically strong and sensitive cyclic fire warning sensor based on high-concentration exfoliated MoS2 and poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole film |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |