201010750 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本文中所描述之本發明大體上係關於用於呈液體形式 之揮發性藥物之投予的裝置及方法。特定言之，本發明係 關於用於呈液體形式之揮發性藥物之吸入投予的裝置及方 法’但本發明之範疇未必限於此。 【先前技術】 ❹ 在許多醫療情況中’需要止痛快速起作用。此係通常 藉由基於類鸦片之鎮痛藥的靜脈投予而達成。存在與所使 用之藥物及投予方法相關聯之許多缺點。 已知類鴉片鎮痛藥具有引起依賴性之可能性，且因此 並不始終為用於此等醫療情況之首選藥物。 在包括（例如）緊急路旁事故、不配合之患者或非無 菌環境的許多條件下，靜脈投予為困難之投予模式。 已預期使用吸入麻醉劑來用於止痛。存在投予用於吸 〇 入之（例如）七氟醚及加氧甲乙醚之裝置，但此等裝置具 有若干缺點。 使用壓縮空氣/氧氣投予藥物之揭示於 PCT/US02/33190 中之| 笼會 & = * 甲之衮罝你笨重的、昂貴的且不易於攜帶 的。 當前至少在澳大利亞可用之另—裝置（其為掌上型裝 置）具有必須將藥物傾倒至用於投予 又丁义裝置之筒中的嚴重 缺點。此傾倒動作容易導致濺至醫療護理者或患者之皮膚 上及將藥物釋放至此等人周圍之空氣空間中，^為危險且 3 201010750 低效的’因為實際劑量因而為未知的。 因此，有利的是’有可能提供一種可克服上文所提及 之缺點中的至少一些之用於可吸入藥物之投與的裝置或提 供適用選擇或商業選擇。 【發明内容】 在第一實施例中，本發明提供一種用於促進一呈液體 形式之可吸入藥物之吸入的裝置，該裝置包含：一用於固 持一瓶該呈液體形式之可吸入藥物的筒、一實質上在該筒 中之刺穿構件，及一附接至該筒之一末端的吹嘴。 在第二實施例中’本發明提供一種提供一呈液體形式 之可吸入藥物的方法，該方法包含：將一瓶該藥物插入至 該第一實施例之該裝置之該筒中；藉由該刺穿構件刺穿該 瓶之密封件；將該吹嘴應用至一病患，其中該病患經由該 吹嘴吸入在該密封件之刺穿後釋放之該藥物。 關於如上文所定義之第一實施例及第二實施例，該藥 物可為呈液體形式之任何可吸入藥物，其可充分地揮發以 可用於在自該瓶釋放後吸入。該裝置尤其適合於諸如鎮痛 藥之藥物，包括但不限於可吸入之基於碳氟化合物的鎮痛 藥，諸如，七氟醚、加氧甲乙醚、地氟醚、異氟醚、安氟 趟、乙醚、甲氧基丙烧、氣仿及齒神。 該裝置之筒可為將容納一瓶呈液體形式之可吸入藥物 的任何組態。較佳地，該筒為一實質上直管，或一包括一 朝向該吹嘴之實質上呈直角之彎頭的管。該瓶可為一標準 市售瓶’或一專門針對本發明之該裝置製造的瓶。較佳地， 201010750 該瓶為一標準1 ml至50 ml之瓶。 本發明之裝置可為拋棄式、單次使用之震置，或可植 於重複㈣。為此，該筒可經組態以使得該瓶在卞 裝置之製造後密封於該筒内部， 在該 時t一末端可逆地打開以收納-瓶。後-選擇可包括2 可實行之可逆打開構件，包括螺旋型裝置： 扣鎖（snap-lock)裝置。 衣置或搭 ❹ 該刺穿構件可為能夠刺穿藥物瓶之密封件的 件。較佳地，該刺穿構件為塑膠針型裝置，其附接於 ==?瓶末端處。該刺穿構件較佳為筒成形件自身的 當該瓶朝向該刺穿構件移動時，此可以任何 方式實現。較佳地，該筒具有-與瓶之基座接觸之可旋轉 致動器機構，該可旋轉致動器機構在被扭轉時沿該筒推動 該瓶直至該刺穿構件刺穿該瓶之密封件為止。 或者，該刺穿構件可朝向該瓶之密封件移動。在此實 施例中’㈣可具有用於觸發以使針朝向該刺穿構件移動 之任何可實行機構，諸如，該裝置外部上之可壓下致動器 或-個以上可遷下致動器，該可麼下致動器在被壓下時使 該針朝向《之㈣件㈣且推㈣相料該密封件。 本發明之裝置亦可包括一在該筒内部之任何可實行材 料的芯。在刺穿該瓶之密封件後’該瓶之内含物流動或擴 散至該芯上’進而增大用於主動蒸發之可用表面積。此情 形輔助用於吸入之藥物的氣化及保留。 201010750 該吹嘴係藉由任何構件附接至該筒之一末端，且可為 固定的或可移動的。若該吹嘴為可移動的（通常係當該筒 為直管時），則較佳該吹嘴可移動約18〇2，進而允許病患 自任何體位或斜倚地觸及吹嘴且藉此觸及藥物1吹嘴： 可裝配至-標準醫療σ罩中以輔助將藥物投予給喪失能力 之患者。 該裝置亦可包括-與該吹嘴連通之過滤器。該過遽器 可位於裝置上之任何可實行位置處，但較佳位於該裝置之 筒上^排氣口巾。該過壚器可由能夠吸收呈液體形式之可 吸入藥物之蒸氣的任何材料製成。該過濾器較佳由活性碳 基質或另一等效之溶劑保留介質製成。 本發明之裝置可由任何可實行之材料製成，但較佳由 耐溶解塑膠製成。該裝置可為任何顏色，包括用以指示在 該裝置之筒中的瓶中之呈液體形式的可吸入藥物之性質的 不同顏色。該裝置亦可為無色或有色之半透明塑膠以使得 "亥裝置之筒中之瓶中的藥物之量為可見的。製造材料亦可 具有添加劑以使該裝置能夠在黑暗中發光。此將在照明設 備不可用之緊急情況中輔助患者及護理提供者。 本發明之裝置亦可包括一可逆地或不可逆地附接至筒 上之任何可用位置的條帶。該條帶可能欲用於患者之手腕 或頸周圍°該條帶較佳附接至距吹嘴最遠之筒的末端。該 條帶較佳藉由-或多個搭扣片（snap_tag)附接以防止勒緊 〜者或使之窒息。可藉由強拉力容易地移除該搭扣片以自 該筒釋放條帶。 201010750 ’其用於在需要 該裝置亦可包括一在筒上之嘴嘴或口 時附接一醫療標準氧氣軟管。 且投入實踐，現將參考 多個較佳實施例。 為了使本發明可更容易地理解 隨附圖式僅以實例方式描述其一或 【實施方式】 圖1至圖4涉及本發明之第一實施例。 首先參看展示裝置（1)之内部特徵及外部特徵的圖卜201010750 VI. INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INVENTION: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention described herein is generally directed to apparatus and methods for the administration of volatile drugs in liquid form. In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for inhalation administration of a volatile drug in liquid form, but the scope of the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. [Prior Art] ❹ In many medical situations, it is necessary to have an analgesic effect quickly. This is usually achieved by intravenous administration of an opioid-based analgesic. There are many disadvantages associated with the drugs used and the method of administration. Opioid analgesics are known to have the potential to cause dependence and are therefore not always the drug of choice for such medical conditions. In many cases, including, for example, emergency roadside accidents, uncooperative patients, or non-bacterial environments, intravenous administration is a difficult mode of administration. Inhalation anesthetics have been expected for pain relief. There are devices for the inhalation of, for example, sevoflurane and oxymethylene ether, but such devices have several disadvantages. The use of compressed air/oxygen to administer drugs is disclosed in PCT/US02/33190. Cage & = * A 衮罝 is cumbersome, expensive and not easy to carry. Another device currently available in Australia (which is a palm-sized device) has the serious disadvantage of having to dump the drug into a canister for administration to a device. This dumping action is likely to cause splashing onto the skin of the medical caregiver or patient and release the drug into the air space around such persons, which is dangerous and therefore ineffective because the actual dose is therefore unknown. Accordingly, it would be advantageous to have the option of providing a device for the administration of an inhalable drug that overcomes at least some of the disadvantages mentioned above or to provide a suitable or commercial choice. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a first embodiment, the present invention provides a device for promoting inhalation of an inhalable drug in liquid form, the device comprising: a method for holding a bottle of the inhalable drug in liquid form a barrel, a piercing member substantially in the barrel, and a mouthpiece attached to one end of the barrel. In a second embodiment, the invention provides a method of providing an inhalable medicament in liquid form, the method comprising: inserting a vial of the medicament into the cartridge of the device of the first embodiment; The wearing member pierces the seal of the bottle; the mouthpiece is applied to a patient, wherein the patient inhales the drug released after the piercing of the seal via the mouthpiece. With regard to the first embodiment and the second embodiment as defined above, the medicament may be any inhalable drug in liquid form which is sufficiently volatilizable for inhalation after release from the bottle. The device is particularly suitable for drugs such as analgesics, including but not limited to inhalable fluorocarbon-based analgesics, such as sevoflurane, methoxyethyl ether, desflurane, isoflurane, effluent, diethyl ether , methoxypropyl burning, gas imitation and tooth god. The cartridge of the device can be any configuration that will hold a bottle of inhalable drug in liquid form. Preferably, the barrel is a substantially straight tube or a tube comprising a substantially right angled elbow toward the mouthpiece. The bottle can be a standard commercial bottle' or a bottle made specifically for the device of the present invention. Preferably, the 201010750 bottle is a standard 1 ml to 50 ml bottle. The device of the present invention may be a disposable, single use shock, or may be implanted in a repeat (d). To this end, the cartridge can be configured such that the bottle is sealed inside the cartridge after manufacture of the crucible device, at which point the t-end reversibly opens to receive the vial. The post-selection can include 2 implementable reversible opening members, including a helical device: a snap-lock device. Clothing or raking The piercing member can be a member that can pierce the seal of the drug bottle. Preferably, the piercing member is a plastic needle device attached to the end of the == bottle. The piercing member is preferably the barrel former itself. This can be accomplished in any manner as the bottle moves toward the piercing member. Preferably, the cartridge has a rotatable actuator mechanism in contact with the base of the bottle, the rotatable actuator mechanism pushing the bottle along the barrel when twisted until the piercing member pierces the seal of the bottle So far. Alternatively, the piercing member can be moved towards the seal of the bottle. In this embodiment '(d) may have any implementable mechanism for triggering to move the needle toward the piercing member, such as a depressible actuator on the exterior of the device or more than one moveable actuator The lower actuator, when depressed, causes the needle to face the seal of the (four) piece (four) and push (four). The apparatus of the present invention may also include a core of any implementable material within the barrel. After piercing the seal of the bottle, the contents of the bottle flow or diffuse onto the core to increase the available surface area for active evaporation. This situation aids in the gasification and retention of the drug for inhalation. 201010750 The mouthpiece is attached to one end of the barrel by any member and may be fixed or movable. If the mouthpiece is movable (usually when the tube is a straight tube), it is preferred that the mouthpiece can move about 18〇2, thereby allowing the patient to touch the mouthpiece from any position or recline and thereby Touching the drug 1 mouthpiece: Can be fitted into a standard medical sigma mask to aid in the administration of the drug to patients who are incapacitated. The device can also include a filter in communication with the mouthpiece. The filter can be located at any implementable location on the device, but is preferably located on the barrel of the device. The filter can be made of any material that is capable of absorbing vapors of the inhalable drug in liquid form. The filter is preferably made of an activated carbon substrate or another equivalent solvent retention medium. The device of the present invention can be made of any practicable material, but is preferably made of a dissolvable plastic. The device can be of any color, including different colors to indicate the nature of the inhalable drug in liquid form in the bottle in the barrel of the device. The device may also be a colorless or colored translucent plastic such that the amount of drug in the bottle in the cartridge of the device is visible. The material of manufacture may also have additives to enable the device to emit light in the dark. This will assist the patient and care provider in an emergency where the lighting device is not available. The device of the present invention may also include a strip that is reversibly or irreversibly attached to any available location on the cartridge. The strip may be intended to be used around the wrist or neck of the patient. The strip is preferably attached to the end of the barrel furthest from the mouthpiece. The strip is preferably attached by - or a plurality of snaps (tags) to prevent suffocation or suffocation. The buckle piece can be easily removed by a strong pulling force to release the tape from the barrel. 201010750' is used to attach a medical standard oxygen hose when the device is required to include a mouth or mouth on the barrel. And put into practice, reference will now be made to a number of preferred embodiments. In order to make the present invention easier to understand, one or the following embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 relate to the first embodiment of the present invention. First, refer to the internal features and external features of the display device (1).
Ml㈣形式之可〜藥物的瓶⑴係裝載於該裝置之 4⑶中。藉由將經密封之瓶裝載至該筒中，避免藥物之 任何浪費或可能有害之踐出。此情形亦確保患者劑量係精 確已知的。 轉動致動器（4)，從而將瓶⑺之密封件推動至刺 穿構件⑴上。該刺穿構件（5)刺穿該瓶⑺之密封件 且將藥物釋放於該筒（3)中轉放至芯（未圖示）上。 +患者將嘴置於吹嘴（6)關，該吹嘴⑷可繞軸⑺ _旋#人嘴之此功此允許將藥物投予至處於任何體位之患 亦參看圖2及圖4’患者接著經由該吹嘴⑷吸入， 1吸入係藉由包括於致動器區段（8)中之進氣口變得可能。 在排氣時’由出氣口（9)中之過濾器（未圖示）吸收 何剩餘藥物’藉此防止任何藥物逸出至患者及護理者之 用 在諸圖令展不用於條帶附接之搭扣鎖（10)，亦展示 於氧氣軟管之附接之可選喷嘴（11卜 201010750 圖5至圖7涉及本發明之第二實施例。 參看第二實施例之分解圖，即，展示該裝置之内部特 徵及外部特徵的圖7,含有呈液體形式之可吸入藥物的瓶 (12)係裝載於裝置之筒（13)中。藉由將經密封之瓶裝 載至該筒中，避免藥物之任何浪費或可能有害之濺出。此 情形亦確保患者劑量係精確已知的。 壓下可壓下致動器（14 )且刺穿構件（15 )刺穿該瓶 (12)之密封件且將藥物釋放於筒（13)中。圖7表示在 刺穿瓶密封件之後的刺穿構件（丨5 )。 亦參看圖5及圖6,患者將嘴置於吹嘴（16)周圍，該 吹嘴（16)係處於筒中距可壓下致動器最遠的實質上呈直 角之末端處。吹嘴之此位置允許將藥物投予至處於任何體 位之患者。 患者接著經由吹嘴（16 )吸入，該吸入係藉由包括於 致動器區段（17)中之進氣口變得可能。 在排氣時，由出氣口（未圖示）中之過濾器（18)吸 收任何剩餘藥物，藉此防止任何藥物逸出至患者及護理者 之環境中。 條帶（未展示於諸圖中）較佳附接於吹嘴（2〇 )之側 面上’與進氣口相對（參見圖6)。亦在諸圖中展示用於氧 氣軟管附接之可選喷嘴（19)。 本發明之裝置的許多優點將自上文論述及自諸圖變得 清楚。本發明因此提供一種在無藥物浪費或濺出、環境之 污染或患者之不適的情況下將呈液體形式之可吸入藥物投 201010750 予給患者的新穎且有效之方式。該裝置亦提供易於操作之 攜帶型投予單元，其允許患者在需要時自投予。該裝置可 為搬棄式的’其改良藥物投予之安全性及再現性。 前述實施例僅說明本發明之原理，且對於熟習此項技 術者而言將易於瞭解各種修改及改變。本發明能夠以各種 方式及在其他實施例中加以實踐及執行。亦應理解，本文 中所使用之術語係出於描述之目的且不應被視為限制性 的。 在本文中使用術語「包含（comprise)」及該術語之變 型（諸如「包含（comprises)」或「包含（c〇mprising)」） 以表示包括一個所陳述整體或多個所陳述整體，但不排除 任一其他整體或任何其他整體，除非上下文或使用中需要 該術語之專用解釋。 對本說明書中所引用之公開案的任何引用並不認為該 等揭不内容在澳大利亞構成通常—般知識。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為該裝置之第一實施例之示圖，其展示内部特徵 及外部特徵。 圖2為該裝置之第一實施例之外部特徵的立體圖。 =3為該裝置之第一實施例之外部特徵的俯視圖。 4為該裝置之第一實施例之外部特徵的側視圖。 5為該裝置之第二實施例之外部特徵的俯視圖。 :為該震置之第二實施例之外部特徵的侧視圖。 為該裝置之第二實施例之分解圖。 201010750 【主要元件符號說明】The Ml (four) form of the drug-containing bottle (1) is loaded in 4(3) of the device. By loading the sealed bottle into the barrel, any waste or potentially harmful practice of the drug is avoided. This situation also ensures that the patient dose is well known. The actuator (4) is rotated to push the seal of the bottle (7) onto the piercing member (1). The piercing member (5) pierces the seal of the bottle (7) and releases the drug into the barrel (3) for transfer onto a core (not shown). + The patient places the mouth in the mouthpiece (6). The mouthpiece (4) can be wound around the axis (7). The person's mouth allows the drug to be administered to any position. See also Figure 2 and Figure 4' for the patient. Inhalation is then carried out via the mouthpiece (4), 1 inhalation being made possible by the air inlet included in the actuator section (8). During venting, 'the remaining drug is absorbed by the filter (not shown) in the air outlet (9)', thereby preventing any drug from escaping to the patient and the caregiver. The snap lock (10) is also shown as an optional nozzle attached to the oxygen hose (11b 201010750) Figures 5 to 7 relate to the second embodiment of the present invention. Referring to the exploded view of the second embodiment, Figure 7 showing the internal and external features of the device, the bottle (12) containing the inhalable drug in liquid form is loaded into the cartridge (13) of the device. By loading the sealed bottle into the cartridge, avoiding Any waste or potentially harmful spillage of the drug. This also ensures that the patient dose is precisely known. The actuator (14) can be depressed and the piercing member (15) pierces the seal of the bottle (12) And releasing the drug into the cartridge (13). Figure 7 shows the piercing member (丨5) after piercing the bottle seal. Referring also to Figures 5 and 6, the patient places the mouth around the mouthpiece (16) The mouthpiece (16) is at the substantially right-angled end of the barrel that is furthest from the depressible actuator. This position allows the drug to be administered to a patient in any position. The patient is then inhaled via a mouthpiece (16) which is made possible by the air inlet included in the actuator section (17). At the time of gas, any remaining drug is absorbed by the filter (18) in the air outlet (not shown), thereby preventing any drug from escaping into the environment of the patient and the caregiver. Strips (not shown in the figures) Attached to the side of the mouthpiece (2〇) is opposite the inlet (see Figure 6). Also shown in the figures is an optional nozzle (19) for oxygen hose attachment. Many of the advantages will be apparent from the above discussion and from the drawings. The present invention therefore provides a liquid inhalable drug for use in 201010750 without drug waste or spillage, environmental contamination or patient discomfort. A novel and effective means of giving the patient. The device also provides an easy-to-operate, portable administration unit that allows the patient to self-administer when needed. The device can be safe for the disposable drug delivery. Reproducibility. The foregoing embodiment is only The principles of the present invention are described, and various modifications and changes can be readily made by those skilled in the art. The present invention can be practiced and carried out in various ways and in other embodiments. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are used. For the purpose of description, it should not be considered as limiting. The term "comprise" and variations of the term (such as "comprises" or "includes (c〇mprising)") are used herein. To the extent that it is intended to include a whole or a plurality of the stated whole, but does not exclude any other whole or any other whole, unless the context or use requires a specific explanation of the term. Any reference to the disclosure cited in this specification is not It is believed that such content does not constitute the usual knowledge in Australia. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagram of a first embodiment of the apparatus showing internal features and external features. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the external features of the first embodiment of the device. = 3 is a top view of the external features of the first embodiment of the device. 4 is a side view of the exterior features of the first embodiment of the device. 5 is a top view of the exterior features of the second embodiment of the device. : is a side view of the external features of the second embodiment of the shock. An exploded view of a second embodiment of the device. 201010750 [Main component symbol description]