RU2353469C2 - Method of cast receiving and facility for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: foundry practice.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to foundry field. Facility contains casting body implemented from the bottom and cover, consumable form, heated tank for storage of form material, melting furnace for low-pressure casting, installed in furnace intake, elements of heating, cooling, degassing and low-pressure air feeding. Heated tank for storage of form material Is located on casting body, located on melting furnace for low-pressure melting. Forms are manufactured by lost pattern by means of pouring by vacuum suction and form material crystallisation into cavities, formed by pattern in casting body. Form material is poured from the middle of casting body is directed upwards and downwards. Foundry metal is poured by low-pressure casting with degassing. Foundry is extracted by means of form material melting and removed through the bottom of casting body into storage tank of form material for design reuse.

EFFECT: it is achieved improvement, increasing of accuracy and simplification of complex foundry manufacturing ensured by absence of operations of models coating with its surfacing by sand, furthermore, it is fall away necessity in initial bonding agents for preparation of moulding and core sand mixtures.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to the foundry of complex castings of non-ferrous metals, for example, the crankcase of a lightweight internal combustion engine of high power (ICE).

Casting is obtained on sand rods in disposable earthen forms.

The disadvantage of technology is the complexity; the cost of only casting a cylinder B-crankcase diesel D-20 according to the Department. ch. the metallurgist Barnaul Transmash is 150 n./hours. Manual labor, harmfulness prevail.

Casting of a 6-cylinder B-crankcase 360 kg. After machining, 110 kg is supplied to the assembly with components. 250 kg return.

When casting into the ground up to 50% of marriage: warpage, porosity, cracks, sinks, non-metallic inclusions, poor surface cleanliness and metal structure in comparison with high-pressure casting requiring subsequent heat treatment. Excessive wall thickness does not provide reliable ICE power. Low production culture.

In Soviet times, by order of a plant in Czechoslovakia, attempts to cast B-sumps on sand rods in the shape of a chill mold did not yield results.

See Stepanov Yu.A. and other foundry technology. M., 1983, with. 202-203.

Prototype. Known invention: V. Malyshev "A method of producing castings and a device for its implementation."

Patent No. 2051005 is registered in the state register of inventions on December 27, 1995.

A method for producing castings includes making a mold according to a one-time model, removing the model, pouring metal, extracting the cast by breaking the mold. After removal of the model, the mold is filled by casting under low pressure with the metal casting. The liquid model mass is removed from the mold in one place, metal is cast from the furnace in another, which complicates the casting process to produce large and complex castings.

The installation for producing castings contains a heated crucible with mold material, a high-purity current inductor (HDTV), water-cooled, a crucible mounted on an arm, flexible hoses with electric wires, vacuum and compressed air hoses, with wires for pressure and temperature control devices located in conditions of alternating movement, which limits the possibility of obtaining, for example, such castings as multi-cylinder engine block crankcases.

In order to simplify and improve the technological process of producing high-quality castings, save metal, increase productivity, and improve environmental conditions, an installation was developed that contains a housing for placing the model, creating cavities for the size of the mold walls; capacity for placement of mold material; the housing is mounted on a low pressure casting furnace.

The installation is equipped with:

1. Cooling-heating.

2. Vacuum and air equipment, mechanical work is carried out by an electric drive according to a proven scheme. Not shown.

The manufacturing process, motion control and temperature control are carried out by electronics, a process with numerical program control (CNC).

A method of producing castings. The model is loaded into the housing, the cavities are filled with molten material, after crystallization, the mold temperature is maintained higher than the melting temperature of the model. After removal of the model mass, the mold is cooled.

When pouring metal, the melting temperature of the mold is restrained by cooling until the casting crystallizes. As a result of heat transfer, the missing heat for melting the mold is filled with electric heating. At the end of the manufacturing process, the casting is removed, model equipment is removed from it, a low tempering is made, and sent for machining.

The proposed method for producing castings and a device for its implementation is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a general view of the installation, pouring metals into a mold from below; figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a housing with a lost shape; figure 3 is a diagram of an electric drive enable / disable vacuum and pressure of compressed air; figure 4 shows a top view of injection molding, the housing can be installed with a stand on the floor, a level higher than, for example, a melting furnace mixer.

In Fig. 1, 2 (1) 2 is shown as a model, and in Fig. 3 1 (2) is a cast, the casing 3 has double walls around it, consists of a base (core), and a cover is installed in the upper part of the connector 4. The surfaces of the internal walls and metal tooling according to model 2 in the housing 3 create cavities 5 for casting mold 6. Position 7 - separation heat-protective paint after removing models remains on the surface of mold 6 and after melting the mold on the surfaces of the casting; 8 - plate placement of the electromechanical actuator control the vacuum and compressed air, 9 - seal connector 4, figure 3, 10 - lifting mechanism, closes the pressure of the lid of the housing 3; 11 - heated storage capacity of the material of the form 6, 12 - the inductor is both a heater and a refrigerator, built between the walls at the base of the housing 3; 13 - entry of compressed air into the container 11 of the mold under low pressure; 14 - the upper refrigerator of FIG. 1, the mold material in liquid form is shown in FIGS. 1-2, position 15; 16 - thermally insulated metal tooling for assembling a block crankcase model, in the form of an axial tube, to which cylinders that replace the rods are brought. 17 - right and left pipes (sprues) of casting molds in the tank 11 of figure 1; 18 - drain pipes of figure 4 for removal from the cavity 5 of the liquid phase of the form 6. 19 - resistance heaters of the tank 11; 20 - walls at the ends of the snap pipe in the model; 21 - cylinders, forming the inner surface of the form 6 of figure 1; 22 - cover cylinder left and right blocks on the housing 3; 23 - electric heaters (refrigerators) inside the model equipment; 24 - refrigerators affixed in the model; 25 - thermal relay; 26 - thermal insulation of walls; 27 - electric heater 23 (refrigerator), high frequency current inductor; 28 - input and 29 - output, cooled by water; 30 - gate pipe in the furnace. 31 - figure 1 furnace for casting under low pressure.

At the bottom of the casing, a valve is screwed that opens and closes the outlet of liquid materials, respectively, of the model and casting.

In Fig.2 32 - the cork is coated with a non-stick casing, opens under casting pressure, closes by vacuum or magnet in the pipe 30.

In Fig. 3, the cylinder plate 33 shows the passage channels for evacuating and supplying compressed air 34-35, the cavity between the channels 35, of alternating action, a valve 37 that closes the air, opens the vacuum and vice versa opens the air 39 with the electromagnet 38 and closes the vacuum 40.

The supply of cooled air to the cylinders of model equipment is carried out through the duct - 41. Electromagnet solenoid - 42 include purge, cooling, heat removal in the snap 2 of Fig.1.

Figure 4 shows a variant of pouring metal into the mold from top to bottom. 43 - the coupling connects the pipe 30 with the pipe 44 and the pipe 44 with the pipe 45, cooled by the refrigerator 46. The valve 47 opens the mold casting with metal, closes, provides the smelting model. Removing the molten model mass from the mold by vacuum is carried out by a pump with an open tap on pipe 45 of FIG. 4 (not shown).

The final filling of the cavities with the mold material is controlled by the DU ₁ level sensor, the signal of filling the form 5 with the casting metal is transmitted to the remote control by the DU ₂ sensor. The temperature difference in different places of the mold (casting) is equalized by the refrigerators 24 affixed, including the refrigerator is model equipment 15 (2) PG - cooling water inlet, VG - output, cooling can be carried out by air of Fig. 2. In Fig. 4, DT ₁ is a temperature sensor of the lid, DT ₂ is a temperature sensor of the core body 3 and TP is a thermocouple for monitoring the temperature in the tank 11 of Figs.

The number of sensors and thermocouples is determined by the requirement of control conditions for casting temperatures.

The implementation of the invention, technique and technology, is as follows: in the tank 11 in readiness contain molten material 15 of form 6, the model is fixed from the bottom to the lid, placed in the base of the housing 3, the tightness of the connector 4 is created by the sealant 9 of figure 3, closing and opening the housing carried out by the pneumatic mechanism 10 of figure 1. The model enters the housing freely, the gaps form a cavity 5 of mold 6. The internal surfaces of the housing and the external surfaces of the model tool 16 provide rigidity, also serve as a natural crystallization cooler (like a chill mold), and the system is additionally equipped with water cooling and heating, i.e. an electric current inducer of variable frequency from 50-450 Hz.

By turning on the valve 37, exit 40 is opened, gas is removed from the cavities 5 by vacuum, into the vacuum pump reservoir (not shown) of FIG. 3 through the distributed gate gates 17, the melt 15 of FIG. 1 is sucked from the tank 11 into the cavity 5, filling of the mold material 6 occurs uniformly from all sides of the model is directed both down and up, starting from the mark 20 of figure 1. When filling cavities 5, the relay turns off vacuum 40, and after holding the time, a vacuum is created in the smelting tank of the model material. Until the crystallization of form 6 in the vessel 11 is completed, the pressure in the sprues 17 is maintained by compressed air. To melt the model, a valve (not shown) is opened, under the influence of vacuum depression, all liquid mass is removed from mold 6 without residue. The liquid phase of the model in the furnace 31 is eliminated by the plug (valve) in the magnetic coupling 32 of the pipe 30 of figure 1.

The mold 6 is poured into the casting metal 1 from the furnace 31 through a pipe 30 under the action of compressed air pressure on the melt in the furnace 31. The metal through a pipe 30 (one or two) opens the plug 32, with a vacuum rarefaction in the form, the cavity is filled with the casting metal 1. For The best method of pouring in selected places of the mold (casting large castings) increases the number of pipes 30, respectively couplings with plugs, the plug closes the liquid phase of Model 2 into the furnace and opens under pressure the passage of the casting metal into the mold. When the mold is filled with metal ДУ ₂ , the relay sensor disconnects the vacuum 40 of Fig.2-3 in the right and left parts of the casing, the control relay includes a snap cooler 23 and an upper cooler 14 for cooling the heater 12 of Fig. 1, made of water-bent copper pipes cooled by water (or graphite). When you turn on the electric current, the inductor serves as a heater, if necessary, is the main refrigerator, water-cooled, 14, 23, 12 links of one cooling device, input 28 and output 29 are shown in figure 2.

Thermal tension is restrained by the separation heat-protective paint, after smelting the model remains on the surfaces of the mold and after the smelting of the mold on the casting. The melting temperature of the mold is restrained by cooling until the casting crystallizes; as a result of heat exchange, in the exceptional case, the missing heat for mold smelting (working off the parameters) is replenished by electric heating.

For some non-ferrous alloys with t pl. ~ 500-700 ° C. Non-standard low-melting alloys are used as the lost-water form; they are improved by processing. The mold material must be cleaned of various additives that impart properties, such as wear resistance, anticorrosion properties, magnetism and non-magnetism, heat resistance, etc. It is well cleared of hydrogen, oxides and various kinds of inclusions that form carbon monoxide.

The mold material should have high fluidity, thermal conductivity, a minimum crystallization interval and have density and viability for reusable use. It should not contain scarce components, and the technology for its preparation and manufacture of forms from it should be simple.

For the preparation of material for investment casting, the following initial alloys with a minimum melting t are taken as a basis:

1. Aluminum alloys with t pl. 447-449 ° C.

2. Magnesium alloys with t pl. 400-439 ° C.

3. Zinc alloys with t pl. 386-410 ° C.

Instead of alloys of non-ferrous metals, which are used for the manufacture of investment molds, plastics are used. By preparing the molding compositions, a starting material is obtained, for example, Polycarbonate t pl. 280-320 ° C, component BaCe2-barium chloride t pl. 958 ° C, density 3.86 g / cm ³ , mixture t pl. ~ 390-410 ° С, etc.

Depending on the requirements for the quality of castings and the nature of production (single, serial, mass), certain properties of the model composition become the most important, determining.

The starting materials for model compositions melted by mold heat are both non-ferrous alloys and plastics t pl. ~ 390-410 ° C.

The most acceptable material for casting model 2 is 1 t pl. 638 ° C, Fig. 1, urea CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ —complete carbonic acid amide — crystalline, was selected; it melts at t pl. 129-134 ° C and has a high fluidity in the molten state, i.e. Fills the mold well. After hardening forms a strong and accurate model.

Urea shrinkage is below 0.1%. When heated, the urea does not have a softening stage, so the models do not deform up to -100 ° C.

In FIG. Position 2 (1) of the model is assembled from 4 parts conjugated in the cross section of the diameters and in the walls between them, and two complex end elements manufactured by injection molding. When the model is smelted, the melt is poured into a heated tank, which is a device consisting of a lower heated tank and an upper vacuum zone, separated by a rotary damper. When the shutter is closed, the vacuum draws the model melt from the mold, when the shutter is open, the composition is merged into the storage part and again, when the shutter is closed, the dilution in the mold under adjustable pressure, alternately along the moving circle, the composition fills the cooled mold through a short pipeline, where it crystallizes (does not shown). After assembling the model with accessories, heat-protective paint ~ 0.2 mm or alloying elements - tellurium, chrome, etc. are applied to it.

Widely used cast alloys: aluminum, in which t pl. from 447 to 449 ° C, AL23, AL21-1, AL13, AL22, AL23-1 and others. So, the AL8 alloy containing 9.5% mg, t pl. 449 ° C, crystallization interval 610-450 ° C, casting t 670-710 ° C.

Zinc alloys: TsAM10-5, TsAM-9-1.5, TsAM-4-3, TsAM-4-1, etc. t. Pl. from 386 to 410 ° C, a density of 6.2-6.7 g / cm ³ .

Magnesium alloys: ML4, ML4p4, ML6 t pl. 400 ° C, ML5 t pl. 430 ° C, density 1.78 g / cm ³ , etc. For casting the indicated alloys, the mold material is selected taking into account the melting, crystallization and pouring temperatures, for example, Polyamide 66 (PA 66) t pl. 260-320 ° C, Polycarbonate t pl. 280-320 ° С, and others. The constituent BaCO-barium carbonate t pl. 847 ° C, density 4.3 g / cm ³ , Ba (NO ₃ ) ₂ -barium nitrate t pl. 592 ° C, density 3.24 g / cm ³ .

According to the mass of the casting (AL8 Aluminum), 120 kg of volume dimensions, as well as models and accessories of wall and base thicknesses, complexity of configuration, temperatures of melting materials of the model and shape, cooling rate of the system, crystallization. The starting material for the model composition, the best cerosin is a synthetic grade 90-100-110, i.e. t square 90-100-110 ° C, Polyamide P6. t square 100-110 ° C.

Manufactured model compounds are classified by composition depending on the content of the main components; according to properties depending on strength, melting point and crystallization temperatures, fluidity, heat resistance, heat conductivity and other properties.

Figure 1 shows a molding and casting insulated body 3, detachable steel, lined with a heat-conducting layer inside, covered with refractory paint. Lost wax casting model 2 of aluminum casting is placed in the casing 1. The casing enters freely, the gaps form a cavity 5 of casting mold 6. The inner surfaces of the casing and the outer surfaces of model equipment 16 also serve as a natural crystallization cooler, the casing is also equipped with water cooling and heating, i.e. an inductor electric current of variable frequency from 50 to 450 Hz.

So, at the molding foundry, an automated technological process for obtaining the next casting of single-shift or daily continuous production begins and ends with the replacement of the casting by a model, etc. For example, the inclusion of a furnace 31 with an alloy AL27 t pl. 638 ° C, melt t fill 680-685 ° C, while in a well-insulated container 11 alloy or composition, polycarbonate component barium chloride t pl. 390-410 ° C, contained in the molten state, model material urea t pl. 129-139 ° С, the model is covered with a protective layer of ~ 0.2 mm pink chill paint.

Upon receipt of castings from magnesium alloys ML4 or ML6 t pl. 400 ° С, t pouring 450 ° С of their heat for smelting the mold t pl. 320 ° C is not enough. Additionally, the use of accelerated heating by high-frequency current is impractical. HDTV is used for contingencies. In this case, t pl. forms are reduced to t pl. ~ 250-260 ° C or replace with appropriate material. After the first casting, the second smelting of the model, etc. carry out the remaining heat of the molten material of the mold. In the new technology “Lost wax castings”, the mold is melted by the heat of the cast metal of the cast, and the model is melted by the heat of the mold material, the molten cast; In this method, electricity is expended only on the smelting of the casting material (prepared appropriately) before the indicated t pouring.

Direct short casting through a pipe from the furnace to the mold, by cutting in the mold and regulating the pressure on the melt mirror in the compressed air furnace creates the opportunity to obtain high-quality castings in the shortest way, as well as to avoid overheating of the alloys by 180-200 ° C, to ensure a minimum casting t and interval crystallization casting.

Aluminum casting 1 figure 1, 2 block crankcase of a light internal combustion engine (ICE) of increased power, alloy AL 8 t pl. 449 ° C is heated to a fill t of 500 ° C. The composition of the form PA66 polyamide t pl. 260 ° C. Model carbamide KBP, t pl. 90 ° C. After the melt of the model, its mass is removed from the mold by rarefaction in the capacity of the model material for reuse. The mold is cooled (water cooling), a vacuum is created, then pouring the casting metal into the mold is performed by rarefaction with controlled pressure on the melt in the furnace, the molds are restrained by cooling until the crust of the casting is formed, the compressed air pressure on the melt in the furnace provides recharge that prevents shrinkage. When casting crystallization reaches 450 ° C, the mold melt is poured using vacuum in the tank 11 at t ~ 365-370 ° C.

The melting temperature of the model and mold, the range of heats of crystallization of the mold and casting, can be reduced or increased, finally determined in the process of testing the parameters of the double casting technology.

Adjustable pressure casting is used to produce large castings of 1, 6 or 10 cylinder block crankcase weighing 120 and 200 kg of aluminum alloy. The molten metal from the melting furnace 31 (crucible) under pressure of inert gas or air from 1-3-5 atm kgf / cm ^{2 is} squeezed through the metal wire 30 into the cold cavity of form 6, where it crystallizes. The inert gas pressure should be low for the reason that the area of the melt mirror in the furnace 31 is many times larger than the area of the metal wire 30. A slight movement of metal in the furnace 31 causes a high rise of liquid metal inside the metal wire and in the mold. A similar process is performed when casting mold 6.

Casting by vacuum absorption gives castings of both non-ferrous alloys (bronze, brass) with a density of 10.2 g / cm ³ and large aluminum castings with a density of 2.7 g / cm ³ . Inside the mold, a vacuum is created directly or through the receiver by a vacuum pump, and the molten metal from the furnace 31 is drawn into the cold mold, where it crystallizes. The mold is smelted by casting heat. Crystallization of the casting occurs sequentially from the cold wall to the center, so there are no shells, porosity and gases are well removed. When casting under controlled pressure by vacuum suction, metal is not consumed for profit and the gating system. Vacuum casting with suction in conjunction with injection molding, the method (investment casting) is the most advanced foundry method.

High precision of castings is achieved by the fact that the mold does not have a connector, there are no rods, and thermal expansion of the mold is excluded, limited by the steel body and metal model equipment, as well as by the pressure to fill the mold material melt, blunt protrusions at various points are provided to remove the equipment from the casting, creating conditions for easy extrusion of all elements of model equipment.

At the foundry, an automated process begins and ends with the replacement of the casting by a model, etc. Collectively, the vacuum pressure in the furnace and the controlled pressure on the mold melt, heated in any case by the heat of the cast metal under pressure, exclude the possibility of dispersed pores (compressed air), which takes place in castings obtained by high pressure casting by a piston, and when autoclave molding under pressure of compressed air 4-5 atm per casting obtained by casting on sand rods in earthen form. The metal is poured into a mold (autoclave) refined superheated at 230-250 ° C, brought manually by melt for 150 m and returned to the transfer furnace 5-6 times after the alloy.

Attempts to avoid marriage, show only suitable casting. For example, the aluminum casting of Fig. 1 (2) of a 6-cylinder block crankcase obtained by casting on sand rods in earthen mold has a weight of 350 kg, and investment casting without profit with a simplified gate system is 120 kg. It is known that without profits and a complex massive gate system, it is impossible to obtain a complex responsible casting. When filling the mold with liquid metal, the moisture in the molding mixture decomposes, the binders from the mold and cores burn out, gases are released from the paints that cover the surfaces of the molds and cores, which contributes to the formation of casting defects - gas sinks and pores. When pouring superheated metal, it absorbs air, forming pores and shells. There are shrinkage shells, warpage, hot and cold cracks, metallic and non-metallic inclusions, poor surface finish and metal structure.

According to the department of Ch. the metallurgist Barnaultransmash 1970, the cost of the specified casting is 150 n./hours, whereas, according to comparative calculations, the cost of casting in the lost wax form is 6-7 hours, i.e. performance is 20 times higher.

Pouring mold material from the container 11 into the cavity 5, returning the mold melt to the container 11, where heat is stored in the housing 3, is the most progressive method of manufacturing a mold.

The material is a magnesium alloy, refined by sublimation in a vacuum, it eliminates all or part of the gases forming oxides, hydrides and gas-forming products. So, for example, MgSn alloy containing 16-18% tin (and other impurities) with a density of 2.27 g / cm ³ , t pl. 350-360 ° C, suitable for reusable use. Aluminum, zinc foundry fusible alloys are used without fear. Given the properties and parameters, losses in the volume of the material of form 6 will be 1-3% upon receipt of 25-30 castings, which can be neglected.

Models and molds made from polymer foundry materials are not scarce, have high fluidity, and a minimum crystallization interval, i.e. the composition fills the mold (mold) well, the costs are 10-15 times lower than the cost of manufacturing sand molds and mold rods.

The cost of electricity for the smelting of profits, gating system, marriage, overheating for transportation, pouring aging, annealing, preparation of fresh sand, regeneration of spent mixtures, rough machining (knocking out) and other operations, the sum of all the energy costs for casting on sand rods in earthen the mold is six times more expensive than when casting in the lost wax casting.

The method allows to obtain simple, complex, small, medium, large blanks or finished parts of high quality in the shortest way. Lost wax casting creates jobs of high culture, makes the company environmentally friendly. It can be widely used in enterprises: power, transport, agricultural engineering, in the automotive, aviation industries and a number of industries and entrepreneurship.

Information sources

1. Foundry Barnaultransmash.

2. B. L. Kuzmin and others. Technology of metals and structural materials. M .: Engineering, 1981

3. Gini. Foundry technology, special types of casting. M., 2005

4. Polymer composite materials: structure, properties, technology. / Edited by Academician Berman L.A. St. Petersburg, 2008, etc.

Claims (9)

1. The method of producing castings, including the manufacture of molds according to a one-time model by filling with vacuum suction and crystallization of the material of the mold in the cavity formed by the model in the casting case, removing the model, pouring the metal by low-pressure casting with vacuum, removing the casting by melting the mold material, characterized in that the filling of the mold material is carried out from the middle of the mold body of the mold directed up and down, the molten mold material is removed through the bottom of the mold body into the storage tank the material of the mold for reuse, and the casting metal is cast from the furnace into the mold by a sprue through the bottom or walls of the casing. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the model is removed by melting the mold, and the heater maintains the mold temperature higher than the melting temperature of the model, while the resulting melt is removed by vacuum discharge of the heated container. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when pouring the metal of the casting into the mold by low pressure casting with acceleration and evacuation, the mold is cooled until the casting crystallizes, and then it is melted. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the casting of aluminum alloys is carried out directly from the furnace into the mold without overheating. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal protective release paint applied to the model after removal of the model remains on the surface of the mold, and after smelting the mold on the surface of the casting. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for carrying out the heat and mass transfer process of double casting in the form performed, the ratios of the thickness of the casting and the mold, as well as the temperature and heat of crystallization of the melting materials of the model, are selected. 7. Installation for producing castings, containing a casting body, a molten mold, a heated container for storing material of the mold, a melting furnace for casting under low pressure, a sprue installed in the furnace, elements for heating, cooling, vacuum and low pressure air supply, characterized in that the foundry body is made of a base and a lid with a lifting mechanism, a crane installed at the bottom of the foundry body and connected by a pipe to a heated container for storing mold material for passage of the molten model and covering the inlet of the casting metal, the coupling connecting the gate to the mold and having a plug to prevent the molten metal from entering the furnace and opening the passage of the cast metal to be cast, while the heated container for storing the mold material is placed on a casting case located on the low-pressure casting furnace moreover, the heating and cooling elements are made in the form of an inductor, which, when the electric current is turned on, is a heater, and when turned off, it is a refrigerator, and the foundry body and model Called in it, they form a cavity connected to a heated container for storing the mold material with pipes for pouring and smelting the mold material. 8. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that for the implementation of pouring the metal into the mold of the casting from above, it is equipped with a crane with an electric drive installed in the gate. 9. The installation according to claim 7, characterized in that it is equipped with a heat exhaust device with an air flow installed inside the model, with the possibility of additional air cooling of the mold and casting.

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