RU2210972C1 - Device for carrying out screening vision function diagnosis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has the first control unit, unit for forming ophthalmic tests and unit for recording screening data, the first and the second units for entering commands, unit for forming screening programs, unit for selecting screening programs, unit for recording patients, the first memory unit, the first and the second buffer memory units and unit for making query data input. The unit for recording screening data has the second memory unit, the second control unit, unit for processing screening data and preparing conclusion, the first OR-gate, printer unit, video adapter and display unit. Design of the main units is also shown. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment. 20 cl, 18 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to ophthalmology and can be used for screening (pre-medical) diagnosis of vision.

 Past diseases, injuries, intoxications, various environmental influences lead to mutations, dystrophies, degenerations, atrophies and other pathophysiological processes that entail a violation or complete loss of visual function and reduced performance. The need to identify such visual disturbances in the early stages of their occurrence in order to develop adequate, pathogenetically substantiated therapeutic measures is beyond doubt. However, the existing network of specialized ophthalmological institutions, like any queuing system, has limited bandwidth and is designed for a certain stream of “applications”. At the same time, it is tacitly assumed that the system serves patients, and a person will see a doctor only when he sees certain defects in his own health. But the fact of the matter is that one will turn to an ophthalmologist for insignificant signs of visual impairment, and the other for serious impairments, when the process is already largely launched.

 To improve system performance, you can use automation tools for routine operations.

 Without claiming to be such a radical solution to the problem, the authors of the invention consider medical diagnostics as a two-stage maintenance procedure. The first stage - screening - includes a fairly formal procedure for checking the presence or absence of visual impairment. The second stage involves a meaningful analysis of the causes of identified violations to select adequate measures to address them. The first stage can be performed by medium-skilled personnel using automated tools, the second requires in-depth knowledge of a qualified specialist.

 Among the methods of functional research of the organ of vision, allowing to adequately assess visual perception and the quality of processing of visual information, the main place is occupied by psychophysical methods. When conducting such studies, the patient is regarded as a kind of "black box": a stimulus at the entrance - a reaction at the exit. The inadequacy of the reaction to the presented stimulus indicates a violation of the studied function of vision.

 The main methods of functional research adopted in ophthalmic practice for assessing visual perception are: visometry associated with the assessment of visual acuity; visocontrastometry associated with the assessment of contrast sensitivity; colorimetry associated with the identification of defects in color perception; binoculometry associated with the study of the state of binocular vision functions; perimetry associated with the detection of visual field defects; refractometry associated with the study of refraction of the optical system of the eye; "astigmometry" associated with the study of one of the defects in the refractive medium of the eye - astigmatism.

 A significant number of different tools are known for carrying out the indicated functional studies - from simple tables (Golovin - Sivtsev used in visometry, or Volkov - Yustova - in colorimetry), to complex and expensive instruments, such as a refractometer or perimeter. All of them have narrow functional capabilities (quantitative or qualitative assessment of any one visual function), low efficiency or high cost.

 Perimeter-type devices are controlled by a personal computer, therefore, the formation of a stimulus, registration of a patient’s reaction and its interpretation is carried out automatically, but a complex visualization device is used to present the stimulus and the cost of the device reaches tens of thousands of German marks. In addition, the nomenclature of the stimuli used is limited only by the perimetry task.

 More versatile are various sign projectors, including an optotype development unit, for example, in the form of a cassette with slides, a display unit in the form of a projector and a remote control unit [1].

 This device is selected as a prototype. Efficiency in comparison with the use of tables is increased due to the remote control of the presentation of tests, but remains low, since the registration and interpretation of the patient's sensations is carried out in the process of dialogue between the patient and the optometrist, which, in addition, presupposes a certain qualification of the latter. Another significant drawback of such a device is the fundamental possibility of presenting only static stimuli, such as tables for visometry or the Wors test for binoculometry. Static images in the form of a table of characters are easily remembered by the subjects, which reduces reliability during repeated trials.

 The technical task of this invention is to develop a device for screening diagnostics of vision, which, according to a predetermined program, automatically generates and presents the subject with ophthalmological tests for the diagnosis of disorders of various vision functions, automatically registers the patient's sensations in the process of human-machine dialogue, interprets them, and generates a report in the form of preliminary conclusions, storing results in a database, their display on a monitor screen and / or paper ositele, while depending on the characteristics of a specific diagnostic task formed and used various screening programs.

 The problem is solved in a device for screening diagnostics of vision, including a first control unit, an ophthalmological test generation unit and a screening data recording unit, into which according to the invention the first and second command input units, a screening program generating unit, a screening program selection unit, a patient registration unit are entered , the first memory unit, the first and second buffer memory units and the search data input unit, and the screening data recording unit comprises a second memory unit, a second control unit , a screening and generating a data processing unit, a first OR unit, a printer, a video adapter, and a display unit, wherein the outputs of the first and second command input units are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the first control unit, the first output of which is connected through the patient data recording unit to the first input of the ophthalmological test forming unit, the second output through the screening program generating unit, the first memory unit, the first buffer memory unit is connected to the first input of the second buffer unit pa memory, the third output is through a screening program selection unit with a second input of the first memory unit, the second and third outputs of the patient data recording unit are connected to the second inputs of the first and second buffer memory units, the output of the last of which is connected to the second input of the ophthalmological test formation unit, the third input of which is connected to the fourth output of the first control unit, the first output is connected to the first input of the first OR block, and its second output is connected to the first input of the second control unit, the first the output of which is connected to the first input of the screening and processing data processing unit, the second input and the second output are connected respectively to the output and input of the second memory unit, and the third input is through the search data input unit with the fifth output of the first control unit, the sixth output of which is connected with the second input of the screening and processing data processing unit, the first output of which is connected to the printer, and the second output is to the second input of the first OR block, connected to the input of the display unit through the video adapter p, the second output of which is connected to the third input of the first buffer memory block.

 The ophthalmological test generation unit may include a screening test dispatcher unit, a third buffer memory unit, a visometry unit, a visocontrastometry unit, a colorimetry unit, a binoculometry unit, a campimetry unit, an astigmatism analysis unit, a second OR unit, and a screening results accumulation and output unit.

 The screening program generation unit may comprise a screening test composition selection unit, a test sequence selection unit, a test conditions selection unit, and a validator unit.

 The screening and conclusion generation data processing unit may comprise a fourth buffer memory unit, a first comparison unit, an inference unit, a report generation unit and a printed report generation unit, a first counter, a test reference data memory unit and an inference rule memory unit.

 The visometry unit may comprise a visometry test manager unit, a fifth memory buffer unit, a visual acuity determination unit, an optical eye determination unit, a third OR unit, and a visometry results storage and output unit.

 The visocontrastometry unit may comprise a third control unit, a first block of iso-brightness image formation, a brightness modulation unit and a first composition block, a second iso-brightness image formation unit and a first image mixing unit, a spatial frequency sensor, a second counter, a first patient response interpretation unit and a first vertical displacement sensor , as well as a block for forming a videogram.

 The colorimetry unit may comprise a fourth control unit, a first optotype fragment formation unit, a first color modulation unit, a second composition block and a first image rotation unit, a second optotype fragment formation unit and a second color modulation unit, a threshold table color sensor, a second patient response interpretation unit, and a first random rotation angle sensor, a second comparison unit and a first decision unit, a test color selection unit and a colorometry data storage and output unit.

 The binoculometry block may contain a binoculometry test dispatcher block, a sixth buffer memory block, a binocular collaboration character determination unit, retinal correspondence determination unit, a phoria determination unit, fusion reserve determination unit, a stereopsis detection unit, an aniseukonia analysis unit, a fourth OR block, an accumulation and output unit binoculometry data and a preliminary analysis unit for binoculometry results.

 The campimetry unit may comprise a fifth control unit, a stimulus generation unit, a second image biasing unit and a stimulus highlighting unit, a stimulus coordinate sensor, a stimulus and background color sensor, a time interval sensor, a current stimulus coordinate selection unit, a third patient response interpretation unit, a second acceptance unit Campimetry data storage and output solutions and unit.

 The astigmatism analysis unit may include a test manager unit for astigmatism analysis, an astigmatism detection unit, an astigmatism type determination unit, an astigmatism type determination unit, a fifth OR block, an astigmatism study data storage and output unit, and an astigmatism study data preliminary analysis unit.

 The visual acuity determination unit may include a sixth control unit, an optotype formation unit, a first image scaling unit and a second image rotation unit, a scale factor sensor, a fourth patient response interpretation unit, a second random rotation angle sensor, a third comparison unit, a second decision unit, a unit selection of a scale factor and a block for assessing visual acuity.

 The unit for determining the optical installation of the eye can be performed implementing a duochrome test.

 The unit for determining the nature of binocular cooperation can be performed implementing Wors four-point color test.

 The retina correspondence correspondence determination unit can be performed that implements testing of sequential images according to Chermak – Bilshovsky.

 The phoria determination unit may comprise a seventh control unit, a third optotype fragment formation unit, a third color modulation unit and a third composition unit, a fourth optotype fragment formation unit, a fourth color modulation unit, a first horizontal image shift unit and a first vertical image shift unit, a first color sensor anaglyphs, the fifth unit of interpretation of the patient’s reaction and the unit for fixing discrepancy assessment.

 The fusion reserve determination unit may comprise an eighth control unit, a fifth optotype fragment formation unit, a fifth color modulation unit, a second horizontal image shift unit and a fourth composition unit, a sixth optotype fragment formation unit, a sixth color modulation unit and a third horizontal image shift unit, an imaging unit background image, the second color anaglyph sensor, the sixth patient response interpretation unit and the horizontal displacement sensor, the reserve reserves estimation unit rgentsii and divergence, as well as an inverter.

 The aniseikonia analysis unit may comprise a ninth control unit, a seventh optotype fragment formation unit, a seventh color modulation unit and a fifth composition unit, an eighth optotype fragment formation unit, an eighth color modulation unit, a fourth horizontal image shift unit, a second image vertical shift unit and a second zoom unit , the third color anaglyph sensor, the seventh patient response interpretation unit and the aniseikonia evaluation unit.

 The astigmatism detection unit may comprise a tenth control unit, a first astigmatic figure formation unit and a sixth composition unit, a marker formation unit and a marker rotation unit, an eighth patient response interpretation unit, a marker rotation angle sensor, and an output data generation unit.

 The astigmatism type determination unit may comprise an eleventh control unit, a second astigmatic figure formation unit and a third image rotation unit, a ninth patient response interpretation unit and a third rotation angle sensor, a highly refractive meridian position estimation unit.

 The astigmatism type determination unit may comprise a twelfth control unit, a third astigmatic figure formation unit, an astigmatic figure modification unit and a fourth image rotation unit, a fourth rotation angle sensor, a tenth patient response formation unit and a refraction estimation unit in the main meridians.

 The time interval sensor may include a timer, a third counter, a random number sensor, first, second and third AND blocks, first and second adders, and an RS trigger.

 In this case, the field separation unit can be made in the form of glasses with color separation filters, the first control unit in the form of a user interface unit, the display unit in the form of a personal computer display, the first and second memory units can be made in the form of databases of screening programs, respectively and patient examination results, the second control unit is in the form of a database control unit, and the first and second command input units are in the form of a personal computer keyboard, respectively, and manipulated and the type of mouse.

 A device for screening diagnostics of vision consisting of a series-connected first control unit, a patient registration unit, an ophthalmological test formation unit, a first OR unit, a video adapter and a display unit, series-connected screening program formation unit, a first memory unit, a first and second buffer memory units, a screening program selection unit, a second control unit connected in series, a screening data processing unit and generating a conclusion and receiving an operating unit, a second memory unit, a data input unit for searching, a first and second command input unit with corresponding connections, as well as a first control unit in the form of a user interface unit, a display unit in the form of a personal computer display, the first and second memory units in in the form of databases, respectively, of screening programs and patient examination results, the second control unit in the form of a database control unit, and the first and second command input units, respectively, in the form of a keyboard nogo computer and type mouse manipulator ensures the formation of a variety of automated screening programs, automatic psihofizichekih conducting tests to detect violations of visual function, preservation and documentation of the survey data and automatic generation of pre-trial detention without the need for qualified medical staff.

 The implementation of this device in the form of the claimed combination of blocks and their relationships provides an increase in the efficiency of functional studies evaluating visual perception according to all the basic methods adopted in ophthalmic practice.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of a device for screening diagnostics of vision; figure 2 - block forming ophthalmic tests; figure 3 - block formation of screening programs; figure 4 - block data processing screening and forming conclusions; figure 5 - block visometry; in FIG. 6 - block visocontrastometry; Fig.7 - block colorimetry; on Fig - block binocular; figure 9 - block campimetry; figure 10 - block analysis of astigmatism; figure 11 is a block for determining visual acuity; on Fig - block definition of phoria; on Fig - block determining fusional reserves; on Fig - block analysis of aniseikonia; on Fig - block detection of astigmatism; on Fig - block determining the type of astigmatism; on Fig - block determining the type of astigmatism; on Fig - sensor time intervals.

 A device for screening diagnostics of vision (Fig. 1) comprises a first-connected control unit 1, a patient registration unit 2, an ophthalmological test formation unit 3, a first OR unit 4, a video adapter 5 and a display unit 6, connected in series to a screening program generation unit 7, the first a memory unit 8, a first buffer memory unit 9 and a second buffer memory unit 10, a screening program selection unit 11, a second control unit 12 connected in series, a screening and forming data processing unit is enclosed 13 and a printer 14, a second memory unit 15, a data input unit for searching 16, a first command input unit 17 and a second command input unit 18, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the first control unit 1, the second output of which is connected to the input the screening program generation unit 7, and the third output, through the screening program selection unit 11, with the second input of the first memory unit 8, the second output of the screening data processing unit and generating the conclusion 13 is connected to the second input of the first OR block 4, the second and third outputs of the block patient registration 2 is connected respectively to the second inputs of the first buffer memory unit 9 and the second buffer memory unit 10, the output connected to the second input of the ophthalmological test forming unit 3, the third input of which is connected to the fourth output of the first control unit 1, and the second output to the first input the second control unit 12, the second input and second output of which are connected respectively with the output and input of the second memory unit, the fifth output of the first control unit 1 through the data input unit for search 16 is connected with the third input of the second control unit 12, and the sixth output with the second input of the screening and processing data processing unit 13, wherein the first control unit 1 is made in the form of a user interface unit, the display unit 6 is made in the form of a personal computer display, the first and second memory blocks 8 and 15 are made in the form of databases of screening programs and patient examination results, respectively, the second control unit 12 is made in the form of a database control unit, and the first and second input blocks of commands 17 and 18 are filled respectively in the form of a keyboard of a personal computer and a mouse-type manipulator.

 The ophthalmological test forming unit 3 (Fig. 2) contains a screening test dispatcher unit 19, a third buffer memory unit 20, a visometry unit 21, a visocontrastometry unit 22, a colorimetry unit 23, a binoculometry unit 24, a campimetry unit 25, an astigmatism analysis unit 26, a second unit OR 27 and the screening data accumulation and output unit 28, the first input of the screening test dispatcher block 19, combined with the first input of the third buffer memory unit 20, is the first input of the ophthalmological test formation unit 3, the second input of the third buffer about the memory block 20 is its second input, its third input is the second input of the screening test manager block 19, and its first and second outputs are respectively the output of the second OR block 27 and the first output of the screening data storage and output unit 28, the outputs of the screening test manager block 19, from the first to the sixth, respectively, are connected to the first inputs of the visometry unit 21, the visocontrastometry unit 22, the colorimetry unit 23, the binoculometry unit 24, the campimetry unit 25 and the astigmatism analysis unit 26, the second inputs of which are connected they are with the first output of the third buffer memory block 20, the third inputs, respectively, with the outputs of the screening test dispatcher block 19 from the seventh to the twelfth, the first outputs, respectively, with the six inputs of the second block OR 27, the second outputs, respectively, with the first six inputs of the accumulation and output unit screening data 28, the seventh input and the second output of which are connected respectively to the thirteenth output and the third input of the screening test manager block 19, the fourth input of which is connected to the second output of the first buffer block p Amyati 20.

 The screening program generation unit 7 (FIG. 3) contains a screening test composition selection unit 29, the test sequence selection unit 30, the test conditions selection unit 31, and the validator unit 32, the input of the screening test composition selection unit 28 is an input to the screening program generation unit 7 and the first output of the validator block 32 is its output, the second output of the validator block 32 is connected to the second input of the test conditions selection block 31.

 The screening and generating data processing unit 13 (Fig. 4) contains a fourth buffer memory block 33, a first comparison unit 34, a logical output unit 35, a report generating unit 36 and a printed report generating unit 37, a first counter 38, a reference memory unit, connected in series test data 39 and the logical block rules 40, the input of the fourth buffer memory block 33 and the first output of the reporting unit 36 are the first input and the first output of the screening and generating data processing unit conclusion 13, the second input and second output of which are respectively the second input and output of the print report generating unit 37, the second output of the fourth buffer memory unit 33 is connected to the second input of the report generating unit 36, and the third output is to the start input of the first counter 38, the block outputs the memory of the reference data of the tests 39 and the rule memory block for the logical output 40 are connected respectively to the second inputs of the first comparison unit 34 and the logical output unit 35, the counting output of the first counter 38 is connected to the third input m of the first comparison unit 34, and the overflow output is with the third input of the reporting unit 36, the third output of which is connected to the counting input of the first counter 38.

 The block of visometry 21 (Fig. 5) contains the block of the manager of tests of visometry 41, the fifth buffer block of memory 42, the block for determining visual acuity 43, the block for determining the optical installation of the eye 44, the third block OR 45 and the block for accumulating and outputting data from the visometry 46, the first input of the block the visometry test manager 41, combined with the first input of the fifth buffer memory unit 42, is the first input of the visometry unit 21, the second input of the fifth buffer memory unit 42 is its second input, its third input is the second input of the visa test manager unit 3, and its first and second outputs are respectively the output of the third OR block 45 and the first output of the accumulation and output unit of visometry 46, the first and second outputs of the block of the test manager of the visometry 41 are connected respectively to the first inputs of the visual acuity determination unit 43 and the optical determination unit eye settings 44, the second inputs of which are connected to the first output of the fifth buffer memory unit 42, the third inputs are, respectively, with the third and fourth outputs of the viscometer test manager block 41, the first outputs are with responsibly with two inputs of the third block OR 45, and the second outputs, respectively, with the inputs of the block of accumulation and output of visometry data 46 from the first to the fourth, fifth input and second output of which are connected respectively to the fifth output and the third input of the block of the test manager of the visometry 41, fourth input which is connected to the second output of the fifth buffer memory unit 42, the fourth input of the optical determination unit of the eye 44 is connected to the second output of the visual acuity determination unit 43.

 The visocontrastometry unit 22 (Fig. 6) contains a third control unit 47, a first iso-brightness image forming unit 48, a brightness modulation unit 49, and a first composition unit 50, the output of which is the first output of the visocontrastometry unit, connected in series to the second iso-brightness image forming unit 51 and a first image biasing unit 52, a spatial frequency sensor 53, a second counter 54 connected in series to a first patient response interpretation unit 55 and a first verti sensor displacement 56, as well as a videogram forming unit 57, the first and second inputs of the third control unit 47 are respectively the first and second inputs of the visocontrastometry unit 22, and the second, third and fourth outputs are connected respectively to the first input of the spatial frequency sensor 53, the installation input of the second counter 54 and the first input of the videogram forming unit 57, the first output of which is the second output of the visocontrastometry unit, the input of the second high-brightness image forming unit 51 is connected to the second the output of the first block of formation of isochromatic image 48, the output of the first block of image bias 52 is connected to the second input of the first block of composition 50, and the second input is connected to the first output of the first vertical displacement sensor 56, the control input of the brightness modulation unit 49 is connected to the first output of the spatial frequency sensor 53 , the second, third and fourth inputs of the videogram forming unit 57 are connected respectively to the second output of the first patient response interpretation unit 55, the second output of the spatial hour sensor that 53 and the second output of the first vertical displacement sensor 56, the second input of which is connected to the third output of the spatial frequency sensor 53, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second counter 54, the overflow output of which is connected to the third input of the third control unit 47, the input of the first reaction interpretation unit Patient 55 is the third input of the visocontrastometry unit.

 The colorimetry block 23 (Fig. 7) contains the fourth control unit 58, the first block of fragmentation of the optotype 59, the first block of color modulation 60, the second block of composition 61 and the first rotation block of the image 62, the output of which is the first output of the colorometry block 23, in series connected to the second block of the formation of the fragment of the optotype 63, the input connected to the second output of the fourth control unit 58, and the second block of color modulation 64, the output connected to the second input of the second block of the composition 61, dates IR colors of the threshold table 65, the first input connected to the third output of the fourth control unit 58, and the first and second outputs to the second inputs of the first and second color modulation units 60 and 64, respectively, sequentially connected to the second patient response interpretation unit 66 and the first random angle sensor rotation 67, the first output connected to the second input of the first image rotation block 62, the second comparison block 68 and the first decision block 69, the test color selection block 70 and the block, connected in series the accumulation and output of colorimetric data 71, the output of which is the second output of the colorimetry block 23, the first and second inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the fourth control unit 58, and the third input is the input of the second patient response interpretation unit 66, the first and second inputs of the second block comparisons 68 are connected to the second outputs, respectively, of the second patient response interpretation unit 66 and the first random angle sensor 67, the first and second inputs of the test color selection unit 70 are connected respectively with the fourth output of the fourth control unit 58 and the output of the first decision block 69, and the first, second, and third outputs, respectively, with the second input of the color sensor of the threshold table 65 and the first and second inputs of the accumulation and output unit of colorimetry data 71, the second output of which is connected with the third input of the fourth control unit 58.

 The binoculometry block 24 (Fig. 8) contains the binoculometry test dispatcher block 72, the sixth buffer memory block 73, the binocular collaboration character determination unit 74, the retina correspondence determination unit 75, the phoria determination unit 76, the fusion reserves determination unit 77, the stereo detection unit 78, aniseukonia analysis unit 79, fourth OR block 80, binoculometry data storage and output unit 81 and binoculometry preliminary analysis unit 82, first input of the binoculometry test manager 72 unit, combined with ne the input of the sixth buffer memory block 73 is the first input of the binoculometry block 24, the second input of the sixth buffer memory block 73 is its second input, its third input is the second input of the binocularometry test manager block 72, and its first and second outputs are respectively the output of the fourth block OR 80 and the first output of the binoculometry data accumulation and output unit 81, the outputs of the binoculometry test manager 72 unit one through six are connected respectively to the first inputs of the bin character determination unit cooperation 74, retinal correspondence determination unit 75, phoria determination unit 76, fusion reserves determination unit 77, stereopsis detection unit 78 and aniseikonia analysis unit 79, the second inputs of which are connected to the first output of the sixth buffer memory unit 73, the third inputs are respectively connected to the outputs binoculometry test manager 72 unit from the seventh to the twelfth, the first outputs respectively with six inputs of the fourth block OR 80, the second outputs respectively with the first six inputs of the accumulation and output unit binoculometry data ode 81, the seventh input and the second output of which are connected respectively to the thirteenth output of the binoculometry test manager block 72 and the input of the binoculometry test preliminary analysis block 82, the output of the binoculometry test manager 72 connected to the third input, the fourth input of which is connected to the second output of the sixth buffer memory unit 73.

 The campimetry unit 25 (Fig. 9) contains a fifth control unit 83 connected in series, the first and second inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the campimetry unit 25, the stimulus formation unit 84, the second image bias unit 85 and the stimulus backlight unit 86, the output of which is the first output of the campimetry unit 25, the stimulus coordinate sensor 87, the first input connected to the second output of the fifth control unit 83, and the first output to the second input of the second image bias unit 85, the stimulus and background color sensor 88, vk connected between the second output of the stimulus formation block 84 and the second input of the stimulus illumination block 86, the time interval sensor 89, the first, second and third inputs connected respectively to the third, fourth and fifth outputs of the fifth control unit 83, the coordinate selection block of the current stimulus 90, the third block interpreting the reaction of the patient 91, whose input is the third input of the campimetry block 25, the second decision block 92 and the accumulation and output unit of campimetry 93, the output of which is the second output of the campimetry block 25, the second output of the stimulus coordinate sensor 87 is connected to the first input of the current stimulus coordinate selection block 90, the first and second outputs of the third patient response interpretation unit 91 are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the second decision block 92, the first and second outputs of which are connected respectively to the second input of the coordinate stimulus selection block of the current stimulus 90 and the first input of the campimetry data storage and output unit 93, the second input of which is connected to the third output of the stimulus coordinate sensor 87, the first, second, the third and fourth outputs of the current stimulus coordinate selection block 90 are connected respectively to the second input of the stimulus coordinate sensor 87, the fourth input of the time interval sensor 89, the second input of the campimetry data storage and output unit 93 and the third input of the fifth control unit 83, the first and second outputs of the time sensor intervals 89 are connected respectively to the third and fourth inputs of the second decision block 92, the third input of which is combined with the third input of the stimulus backlight block 86.

 The astigmatism analysis unit 26 (Fig. 10) contains a test manager unit for analyzing astigmatism 94, an astigmatism detection unit 95, an astigmatism type determination unit 96, an astigmatism type determination unit 97, a fifth OR unit 98, an astigmatism study data storage and output unit 99, and a unit preliminary analysis of the study of astigmatism 100, the first and second outputs of the astigmatism analysis unit 26 are respectively the output of the fifth OR block 98 and the first output of the accumulation and output unit of astigmatism research data 99, and the first, second and tr these inputs are, respectively, the first, second, and third inputs of the test manager block for analyzing astigmatism 94, the first, second, and third outputs of which, respectively, through the astigmatism detection unit 95, the astigmatism type determination unit 96, and the astigmatism type determination unit 97 are connected to the three inputs of the fifth block OR 98, and the fourth, fifth and sixth outputs are connected to the second inputs of the astigmatism detection unit 95, the astigmatism type determination unit 96, and the astigmatism type determination unit 97, the second outputs of which are connected respectively, with the first, second, and third inputs of the astigmatism research data storage and output unit 99, the second output of which is connected to the fourth input of the test manager unit for astigmatism analysis 94 through the preliminary astigmatism research analysis unit 100, and the fourth input to the fifth output of this unit, the third output of the astigmatism detection unit 95 is connected to the third inputs of the astigmatism type determination unit 96 and the astigmatism type determination unit 97, and the third output of the astigmatism type determination unit 96 is connected to solid input of the unit for determining the type of astigmatism 97.

 The visual acuity determination unit 43 (Fig. 11) contains a sixth control unit 101, an optotype formation unit 102, a first image scaling unit 103 and a second image rotation unit 104, the output of which is the first output of the visual acuity determination unit 43, the first and second inputs which are respectively the first and second inputs of the sixth control unit 101, a scale factor sensor 105, the first input connected to the second output of the sixth control unit 101, and the first output with the second input the first image scaling unit 103, connected in series with the fourth patient response interpretation unit 106, the second random angle sensor 107, the first output connected to the second input of the second image rotation unit 104, the third comparison unit 108 in series, the second decision block 109, the scale selection block, in series coefficient 110 and a block for assessing visual acuity 111, the first output of which is the second output of the block for determining visual acuity 43, and the second output is connected to the third input of the sixth block control 101, the second output and the second input of the scale factor selection block 110 are connected respectively to the second input and second output of the scale factor sensor 105, the third output of which is connected to the second input of the visual acuity estimation unit 111, the third input and second output of which are connected respectively to the third output the scale factor sensor 105 and the third input of the sixth control unit 101, the first and second inputs of the third comparison unit 108 are connected respectively to the second output of the second random angle sensor turn 107 and the second output of the fourth reaction interpretation unit of the patient 106, whose input is the third input of the visual acuity determination unit 43.

 The phorium determination unit 76 (Fig. 12) contains a seventh control unit 112, the first and second inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the phorium determination unit 76, connected in series to the third block of fragment formation of the optotype 113, the third color modulation unit 114 and the third composition block 115 , the output of which is the first output of the phorium determination unit 76, the fourth block of forming the fragment of the optotype 116, the fourth block of color modulation 117, the first block of horizontal displacement 118 and the first block of vertical image shift 119, the first output connected to the second input of the third block of composition 115, the first color anaglyph sensor 120, the first and second outputs connected to the second inputs of the third and fourth color modulation blocks 114 and 117, respectively, connected in series to the fifth block interpreting the reaction of the patient 121, whose input is the third input of the phoria determination unit 76, and the fixation discrepancy assessment unit 122, whose first output is the second output of the pho determination unit 76, the first, second and third outputs of the seventh control unit 112 are connected respectively to the inputs of the third and fourth blocks of the fragment formation of optotype 113 and 116 and the first color anaglyph sensor 120, the second and third outputs of the fifth patient response interpretation unit 121 are connected to the second inputs of the first block horizontal displacement of fragment 118 and the first block of vertical displacement of fragment 119, the second outputs of which are connected respectively to the second and third inputs of the block for evaluating the discrepancy of fixation 122, the fourth input and the second output of which are connected respectively to the fourth output and the third input of the seventh control unit 112.

 The fusion reserves determination unit 77 (Fig. 13) contains an eighth control unit 123, the first and second inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the fusion reserves determination unit 77, respectively, the fifth block of the formation of the fragment of the optotype 124, the fifth block of color modulation 125, the second block horizontal displacement of the image 126 and the fourth composition block 127, the output of which is the first output of the fusion reserves determination unit 76, connected in series to the sixth fragment fragment formation unit opt type 128, the sixth color modulation unit 129 and the third horizontal image shifting unit 130, the first output connected to the second input of the fourth composition unit 127, the background image forming unit 131, the output connected to the third input of the fourth composition unit 127, the second color anaglyph sensor 132, the first and second outputs connected to the second inputs of the fifth and sixth color modulation units 125 and 129, respectively, connected in series to the sixth reaction interpretation unit of the patient 133, the input of which is the third input of the fusion reserves determination unit 76, and the horizontal displacement sensor 134, the convergence and divergence reserves estimation unit 135, the first output of which is the second output of the fusion reserves determination unit 77, as well as the inverter 136, the first, second, third, and fourth outputs of the eighth control unit 123 are connected respectively to the inputs of the fifth and sixth blocks of the formation of the fragment of the optotype 124 and 128, the block for the formation of the background image 131 and the second color anaglyph sensor 132, the second output of the sixth interpretation block and the patient’s response 133 is connected to the first input of the convergence and divergence reserves assessment unit 135, the first output of the horizontal displacement sensor is connected to the second input of the third horizontal image displacement unit 130 and through inverter 136 to the second input of the second horizontal image displacement unit 126, the second input and second output - respectively, with the second input and second output of the convergence and divergence reserves assessment unit 135, the third output of which and the fourth input are connected to the third input and fifth output of the eighth block control box 123.

 The aniseikonia analysis block 79 (Fig. 14) contains the ninth control unit 137, the first and second inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the aniseikonia analysis block 79, respectively, connected to the seventh block of the formation of the fragment of the optotype 138, the seventh block of color modulation 139 and the fifth block of the composition 140 the output of which is the first output of the aniseikonia analysis unit 79, the eighth block of the formation of the fragment of the optotype 141, the eighth block of color modulation 142, the fourth block of horizontal displacement and images 143, the second vertical image block 144 and the second zoom block 145, the first output connected to the second input of the fifth block of composition 140, the third color anaglyph sensor 146, the first and second outputs connected to the second inputs of the seventh and eighth color modulation blocks 139 and 142, respectively connected in series to the seventh reaction interpretation unit of the patient 147, whose input is the third input of the aniseikonia analysis unit 79, and the aniseikonia assessment unit 148, the first output of which is the second the output of the aniseikonia analysis block 79, the first, second and third outputs of the ninth control unit 137 are connected respectively to the inputs of the seventh and eighth blocks of the formation of the fragment of optotype 138 and 141 and the third color anaglyph sensor 146, the second, third and fourth outputs of the seventh block of the patient reaction interpretation 147 are connected with second inputs, respectively, of the fourth block of horizontal displacement of the image 143, the second block of vertical displacement of the fragment 144 and the second scaling unit 145, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the aniseikonia evaluation unit 148, the second output of which is connected to the third input of the ninth control unit 137.

 The astigmatism detection unit 95 (Fig. 15) contains a tenth control unit 149 connected in series, the first and second inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the astigmatism detection unit 95, the first astigmatic figure forming unit 150 and the sixth composition block 151, the output of which is the first output astigmatism detection unit 95, serially connected marker formation unit 152, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the tenth control unit 149, and marker rotation unit 153, the output is connected connected to the second input of the sixth block of composition 151, the eighth patient response interpretation unit 154 connected in series, the input of which is the third input of the astigmatism detection unit 95, the marker rotation angle sensor 155 and the output data generating unit 156, the second and third outputs of the eighth patient response interpretation block 154 connected respectively to the second inputs of the marker formation block 152 and the output data generation block 156, the second output of the marker angle sensor 155 is connected to the second input of the marker rotation block EPA 153, first output unit for generating output data 156 is the second output detection unit 95 astigmatism and a second output connected to a third input of the control unit 149 of the tenth.

 The astigmatism type determination unit 96 (Fig. 16) contains the eleventh control unit 157 connected in series, the first and second outputs of which are the first and second outputs of the astigmatism type determination unit 96, the second astigmatic figure formation unit 158 and the third image rotation unit 159, the output of which is the first output of the astigmatism type determination unit 96, the ninth patient response interpretation block ninth 160, the input of which is the third input of the type determination unit, is connected in series astigmatism 96, and a third rotation angle sensor 161, the first output of which is connected to the second input of the third image rotation unit 159, and the second input is the fourth input of the astigmatism type determination unit 96, the position estimation unit of the highly refracting meridian 162, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the second outputs of the ninth patient response interpretation block 160 and the third rotation angle sensor 161, the first output is the second output of the astigmatism type determination unit 96, and the second output is connected to the third the input of the eleventh control unit 157.

 The astigmatism type determination unit 97 (Fig. 17) comprises a twelfth control unit 163, the first and second inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the astigmatism type determination unit 97, the third astigmatic figure formation unit 164, the astigmatic figure modification unit 165, and the fourth image rotation unit 166, the output of which is the first output of the astigmatism type determination unit 97, the fourth rotation angle sensor 168, connected to the second input of the fourth image rotation unit 166 by the output, the tenth block to the formation of the response of the patient 167, whose input is the third input of the astigmatism type determination unit 97, and the refraction estimation unit in the main meridians 169, the first output of which is the second output of the astigmatism type determination unit 97, and the second output is connected to the third input of the twelfth control unit 163, the first, second, third and fourth outputs of the tenth patient reaction forming unit 167 are connected respectively to the second and third inputs of the astigmatic figure modification unit 165, the input of the refraction estimation unit in the head other meridians 169 and the first input of the fourth angle sensor 168, the second input of which is the fourth input of the astigmatism type determination unit 97.

 The time interval sensor 89 (Fig. 18) contains a timer 170, a second counter 171, a random number sensor 172, a first, second and third blocks And 173, 174 and 175, a first and second adders 176 and 177 and an RS-trigger 178, the installation input the random number sensor and the first inputs of the first and second adders 176 and 177 are respectively the first, second and third inputs of the time interval sensor 89, the fourth input of which is the combined input of the random number sensor start 172, reset timer input 170 and reset input of the second counter 171, output timer 170 connection with the counting input of the second counter 171, the output of which is connected to the combined first inputs of the first, second and third blocks And 173, 174 and 175, the second inputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the random number sensor 172, the output of the first adder 176 and the output of the second adder 177, the second the inputs of the first and second adders 176 and 177 are connected to the output of the random number sensor 172, the S-input and R-input of the RS trigger are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second blocks And 173 and 174, and the output is the first output of the time interval sensor 89, sec whose output is the output of the third block And 175.

 The device (figure 1) works as follows.

 The first control unit 1 provides interactive interaction of the device with the patient and / or medical staff, which is carried out by entering commands through the input blocks of commands 17 and 18. Hardware interrupts from the mouse or keyboard from the outputs of these devices are received in the control unit 1 in the form of corresponding messages for the current a window having input focus. A message in the form of a command arrives when the user selects a menu item, or clicks on the corresponding control element of the graphical interface - the toolbar button, the dialog box control element, etc., or presses certain keyboard keys. Clicking on the Run toolbar icon launches the current screening program.

 The start command comes from the first output of the first control unit 1 to the patient registration unit 2, into which the patient's credentials (last name, first name, middle name, date of birth) are entered, and the current system date of the screening is added. These data are transmitted to the second buffer memory unit 10. At the same time, from the other output of the patient registration unit 2, the first buffer memory unit 9 receives a command by which the data of the current screening program are copied to the second buffer memory unit 10 with a certain offset relative to the initial data address, determined by a fixed the length of the memory allocated for the patient’s credentials.

 These data are fed to the second input of the ophthalmological test formation unit 3 (Fig. 2), the first input of which from the patient registration unit 2 receives the start signal for the start of screening. The testing process includes presenting the test subject with certain test images (stimuli, optotypes) and receiving information from him in the process of dialogue. The dialogue involves the conclusion on the screen (in the status window at the bottom of the screen) of certain indications for the subject: what commands should he give to the system in the presence of certain visual sensations, for example, by pressing the Enter key (Yes) or the Spacebar ("Not"). In addition to the "Enter" and "Space" keys, arrow keys are also used when you need to choose one of four options: left, right, bottom, top. All keys are located on the periphery of the keyboard and are easily "blind."

 User commands in the form of scan codes pressed by a key are sent from the first control unit 1 to the third input of the ophthalmological test formation unit 3, where the instructions given are interpreted, based on which it is concluded that there is an adequate or inadequate patient response in response to the presented stimuli.

 Upon completion of testing according to a given program, the test data from the second input of the ophthalmological test unit 3 is fed to the first input of the second control unit 12. The patient data is searched in the second memory unit (database) 15. If the patient data is found in the database, card screening data they are recorded in the patient’s electronic card, otherwise a new card is created, which is automatically assigned a unique registration index, and the received data is recorded in this card.

 The screening data is supplied to the first input of the screening and processing data processing unit 13, which generates reports for display on the screen and for printing. The first report, through the first OR block 4, is displayed on the screen, and the second report is sent to the printer 14 (automatically or by command from the first control unit 1, which is sent to the second input of block 13, depending on the mode selected for the screening program).

 Subsequently, the screening data can be obtained by sending the appropriate command from the fifth output of the first control unit 1 through the data input unit for search 16 to the third input of the second control unit 12. If the data for the search is entered correctly and the corresponding record is found in the second memory unit 15, the data will be displayed in the same way on the screen or on the printer.

 The formation of the screening program is carried out in the block for the formation of screening programs 7 (Fig. 3), the command for which comes from the second output of the first control unit 1. The block for the formation of screening programs 7 is a block of modal dialogue, for example, a multi-page dialog of the Property Sheet class, which includes separate pages - dialogues. In the dialog box for selecting the composition of the screening tests 29, a selection of the composition of the screening tests from the proposed set is performed. In the block sequence selection tests 30 you can change the time sequence of tests. In the block for selecting test conditions 31, specific test parameters are set: monocular and / or binocular, for the left or right eye, with optical correction and / or without it, etc. The validator block 32 checks the correctness of the job, if the data is incorrect, the user returns to the block selecting test conditions 31. At the end of the dialogue, data is written to the first memory block (database of screening programs) 8.

 A command from the third output of the first control unit 1 in the screening program selection block 11 selects a specific program depending on the diagnostic task, for example, by selecting the name of the desired program in the "Combined list" control unit of the toolbar. The data of the selected program from the first memory block 8 is recorded in the first buffer memory block 9, in which it remains until the user selects another program. To the data of the selected screening program in the second buffer block of memory 9, data of the current graphic output mode received from the video adapter are added: screen size, screen resolution, color resolution, gamma. This data is necessary to scale the image in real physical coordinates, and match the color palette. Each time the test is initialized, data from the first buffer memory block 9 will flow into the second buffer memory block 10, as described above.

 Block forming ophthalmic tests 3 works as follows.

 According to the start signal received at the first input of the screening test manager block 19, data from the second buffer memory block 10 is written to the third buffer memory block 20, from where the part of the data related to the organization of the screening process is sent to the screening test manager block 19. These data are a list of tests (in the selected order) with the corresponding flags. If the execution flag is set for a specific test (bit is set), the test is executed; if the flag is cleared, the test is not performed. The following group of flags defines the eye being examined: right (oculi dextri), left (oculi sinistri), both (oculi utriusqui). If, for example, the OCULI_DEXTRI flag is set, then the right eye is checked, otherwise it is not. If the test flag with optical correction is set, testing is carried out with optical correction. Flags are set in the block for selecting test conditions 31 and are combined using the logical OR operation.

 The screening test dispatcher block 19 scans the list of tests with check flags. If the corresponding flag is set, a start signal appears on the corresponding output of the block, which arrives at the first input of one of the blocks: visometry 21, visocontrastometry 22, colorimetry 23, binoculometry 24, campimetry 25 and astigmatism analysis 26. In this case, the screening test dispatcher block 19 works as decoder: depending on the code combination at the input, a signal appears at one of the outputs. According to the start signal at the first input of one of the listed blocks, it starts the testing process, while the data for testing from the first output of the third buffer memory block 20 reads the data for testing received at the second inputs of all these blocks. The data for each particular test is recorded with a fixed offset relative to the common starting address of the data, so each block reads only its data according to a predetermined fixed offset and data length (as well as video adapter data common to all tests.).

 In relation to user commands received at the third input of the ophthalmological test forming unit 3 (second input of the screening test dispatcher block 19), the screening test dispatcher block 19 acts as a switch, connecting it to the corresponding output connected to the third input of the active testing unit 21-26.

 To display the tests on the display, a logical OR metaphor is used - the signals from the output of the current active testing unit from its first output are sent through the second OR block to the first output of the ophthalmological test formation unit 3 for display.

 Upon completion of a specific test, the test data from the second output of the corresponding block (21-26) is sent to the accumulation and output unit of screening data 28. In this block, the flag of the corresponding test and the flags of the conditions under which testing was carried out (with or without optical correction, are set) , right eye, both eyes), and data from test results are also recorded. The offset address of the beginning of the recording is determined by the input number of the accumulation and output of the screening data 28, to which the data is received.

 Three blocks: visocontrastometry 22, colorimetry 23 and campimetry 25 perform one test. Blocks: visometry 21, binocularometry 24 and astigmatism analysis 26 perform a group of tests related to the study of the corresponding function of vision. Each of the last three blocks works, similarly to the block for the formation of ophthalmological tests 3, organizing inside the "large cycle" of the screening "small cycles" of testing specific visual functions.

 Upon completion of recording, a signal is sent to the third input of the screening test manager block 19, which resumes scanning for the next test (or repeating the current one, for example, with other conditions of optical correction). When the entire list is scanned, from the output of the screening test dispatcher block 19 to the input of the accumulation and output of screening data 28, a signal is received by which the block provides the screening data to the second output of the ophthalmological test unit 3 and the testing process is completed.

 The processing unit of the screening data and the formation of the conclusion 13 (figure 4) works as follows. The screening data is written to the fourth buffer memory unit 33. Using the first counter 38, a sequential reading cycle is organized into the first comparison unit 34, the second input of which receives data from the memory unit of the test test data 39. The reference data are the values of norms and tolerances, and can be obtained from general theoretical considerations or by collecting statistics when testing obviously healthy people. The data from the comparison results are sent to the inference block 35, the second input of which receives data from the memory block of the rules of inference 40. This block can be considered as a knowledge base, in the sense of this term, which is accepted in studies on artificial intelligence. As applied, for example, to the logical programming language Prolog, the memory block of the rules of logical inference 40 is a database of facts and a set of predicates and, based on the logical analysis of the available data, ensures their "rational" placement on one or more sheets when printing.

 After reading and analyzing all the data from the fourth buffer memory unit 33, the overflow signal of the first counter 38 is fed to the third input of the reporting unit 36. By this signal, the unit outputs the report through the first output to the display (the first output of the screening data processing unit and generating the conclusion 13), and the printed report is transmitted to the print report generating unit 37. This block redraws the printed report in the context of the printer display and outputs it to the printer automatically or by command at its second input.

 The visometry unit 21 (Fig. 5) organizes a "small cycle" of testing (determination of visual acuity and optical installation of the eye) and works similarly to the ophthalmological test generation unit 3. The difference is that the test data from the visual acuity determination unit 43 are sent to the determination unit optical installation of the eye 44, which uses them when conducting the appropriate test.

 Changes in spatial contrast sensitivity (PPC) in many pathological conditions may be the first sign of a disease in the visual system. However, since very similar disorders can occur with a wide variety of pathologies of both the opto-nervous and optical apparatus, the data of visocontrastometry are regarded as screening, with subsequent clarification of the reasons for the decrease in RPC by other methods.

 Since the receptive fields of the visual analyzer are similar to a system of local filters of different spatial frequencies and orientations, the best test stimuli for their excitation are different-contrast achromatic or chromatic sinusoidal gratings.

 The test contrast grating is an image whose brightness changes according to the sinusoidal law in the horizontal plane with a smooth change in the modulation index (usually according to the logarithmic law) in the vertical plane. The contrast of the horizontal row of the grating is equal to the corresponding modulation index.

 The subject easily distinguishes between contrasting vertical stripes at the bottom of the grille and faintly distinguishes them at the top, where the contrast is minimal. If the lattice is closed from below by an iso-brightness background image and only a narrow strip remains from above, then for the subject this strip will merge with the background image. If the strip is gradually expanded, then the subject, starting at some point, will begin to distinguish between vertical stripes. The bandwidth at this moment uniquely characterizes the threshold contrast sensitivity at a given spatial frequency of the grating.

 This testing technique is implemented in the block of visocontrastometry 22 (Fig. 6). The testing process begins with the start signal arriving at the first input of the third control unit 47. Based on this signal, the necessary data for the test is read from the second input of this unit. These data are generated in the block for selecting test conditions 31 and come from the first output of the third buffer memory block 20.

This data includes:
- conditions for optical correction (with and without optical correction) and the test eye (OD and / or OS); testing is monocular;
- distance to the screen, the investigated range of spatial frequencies and the number of points studied in this range of points;
- the colors of contrasting gratings for visocontrastometry (achromatic and / or chromatic: red, green, blue).

 Upon completion of reading, the third control unit 47 forms a set of equidistant points in accordance with the specified range and range and number of the investigated spatial frequencies.

A tuple {Fi / D} in the form of an array of data from the second output of the block is copied to the spatial frequency sensor 52, and a second counter 54 is set based on a signal from the third output of the block. After that, the signal from the first output of the third control unit 47 is used to create the first high-brightness image generating unit 48 forms an achromatic or chromatic image of constant brightness U _о = 120 units. This image is modulated in brightness. At the same time, the iso brightness image from the second input of the first block of formation of iso brightness image 48 is transferred to the second block of formation of iso brightness image 51, the output of which goes to the first block of image shift 52. The unmodulated image from the output of this block in the first block of composition 50 is superimposed on the brightness modulated image, completely or partially closing it. Using the down arrow arrow key, you can shift the unmodulated image down, revealing the upper part of the contrasting grid, and using the up arrow key you can close it. Scan codes from the indicated keystrokes are input to the first patient response interpretation unit 55. In accordance with the received scan code, a positive or negative value of the displacement quantum, respectively, is received at the first input of the first vertical displacement sensor 56, which represents It is an integrator that converts the increment signal at the input to the position signal at the output. This signal is fed through the first output to the second input of the first image biasing unit 52, displacing the unmodulated image in the vertical direction.

 The beginning of distinguishing contrasting bands corresponds to pressing the Enter key. The corresponding scan code at the input of the first patient response interpretation unit 55 generates a signal at its second output, which enters the videogram forming unit 57. At this signal, the videogram generating unit 57 reads the current value from the spatial frequency sensor 53 and the current offset value characterizing the spatial contrast sensitivity, from the first vertical displacement sensor 56. This pair of values {Fi / D, yi} is written to the corresponding data array in increasing order of spatial part You Fi.

 Upon completion of the formation of the current pair of points for the videogram, the videogram forming unit 57 gives a signal to the counting input of the second counter, which is an event counter. The counter is charged and provides a pointer to the next value Fi + 1 / D at the second input of the spatial frequency sensor 53. The spatial frequency sensor 53 sets new values at its outputs and outputs a signal at the third output, resetting the first vertical displacement sensor 56. The process is repeated. When the entire list of the investigated spatial frequencies is exhausted, the overflow signal of the second counter is supplied to the third control unit 47. The testing process is terminated. According to the signal from the fourth output of the third control unit, the videogram forming unit 57 converts the recorded array of pairs of numbers into a videogram — the tabular dependence of the PCP (1 / m) on the spatial frequency F, and outputs it to the second output of the visocontrastometry unit 22 in the form of a tuple {(1 / mi , Fi)}, i {0, ..., N-1}.

 The basis for the diagnosis of color perception is the methodology of threshold tables (Rabkin, Yustova-Volkova or others), which consists in a priori selection of pairs of colors that are not distinguishable with one or another pathology of color vision. For example, Yustova-Volkov tables include twelve pairs of flowers; 4 for testing red and green color detectors, 3 for blue and 1 - control, used to exclude simulation. Thus, a three-step evaluation of the color weakness of each receiver is provided, and a test for color blindness is provided for red and green. Tests are carried out using the colorimetry block 23 (Fig. 7). The subject is presented with a symmetry in shape, but asymmetric in color, of the optotype. For example, four squares arranged in a cross, three of which are painted in one color of the control pair, and the fourth in another. The optotype is rotated randomly, and the subject is asked to indicate the direction in which there is a color difference.

 The colorimetry block 23 operates as follows. The first and second inputs of the fourth control unit receive the start signal and data for testing in the form of 12 pairs of RGB color values of the control colors. These values are set in the block of the selection of test conditions 31 when forming a screening program. These 12 pairs through the third output of the fourth control unit 58 enter the color sensor of the threshold table 65. The fourth control unit 58 forms a transition matrix.

 This transition matrix from the fourth output of the fourth control unit 58 is recorded in the test color selection block 70, at the first output of which 0 - zero offset of the address of the first pair is set. This number enters the color sensor of the threshold table 65, at the first and second outputs of which the corresponding RGB values are set.

 From the first and second outputs of the fourth control unit 58, the first and second blocks of the formation of fragments of the optotype 59 and 63 (for example, three squares and one square) are initialized. These fragments in the first and second blocks of color modulation take on color in accordance with the RGB values on the first and second exits of the color sensor of the threshold table 65. Then, both fragments are combined on the second block of composition 61 and rotated by a random angle of 90 degrees in the first block of image rotation 62. As a result, the color asymmetry of the optotype takes one of 4 values: left, right, bottom, or top. This optotype through the first output of the colorimetry block 23 is displayed.

 To select one of the four options indicated, you must press one of the 4 cursor keys: left arrow, right arrow, up arrow or down arrow. In accordance with the scan code received at its input, the second patient response interpretation unit 66 generates an angle multiple of 90 degrees from its second output to the second comparison unit 68. A signal is generated at the first output of the second patient response interpretation unit 66, according to which the first sensor of the random angle of rotation 67 through the second output resets the current value of the angle to the second block of comparison 68 and sets on its first output a new random value that is received in the first block of rotation of the image 62. The second comparison unit compares two values of the angle and generates a logic signal 0 or 1 at its output, which enters the first decision block 69. This block makes a decision by the criterion "m of n", and can be implemented, for example, basis of two counters. The first event counter counts all the signals at the input, the second - only the signals of a logical unit. When the second counter overflows, the output of the logical unit signal is set, otherwise, when the first counter overflows, the output sets the logic zero signal. For either of the overflow signals, both counters are reset.

 The signal from the output of the first decision block 69 enters the test color selection block 70. Based on the logical value of the input signal and the transition table, a transition signal to the next test with another pair of colors or a test completion signal is generated. The transition to the next test signal causes the number of the corresponding control color pair to be transmitted through the first output to the color sensor of the threshold table 65. In addition, if the input signal of the test color selection block 70 had a logical unit value (a positive result with this pair of colors), the corresponding test number i {0, ..., 11} is sent to the second output of the block. In the accumulation and output unit of colorimetric data 71, a corresponding bit is set in a 12-bit output value.

 If the transition address indicates the test completion code, then the signal for completing the test and displaying the accumulated results is received at the second input to the accumulation and output unit of colorimetry 71. A test completion signal is supplied to the third input of the fourth control unit 58, and the accumulation and output unit of colorimetric data 71 outputs the test data in the form of a binary word 12 bits long. Based on the analysis of the set flags in the screening data processing unit and formation of the conclusion 13, an appropriate diagnosis or message about the patient’s inadequate response will be formulated if no bits are set in the output of the colorimetry unit.

 Binoculometry includes checking the nature of binocular collaboration, checking retinal correspondence, assessing muscle balance - phoria, assessing fusion reserves, evaluating stereopsis and aniseukonia. Observation is performed with field separation when one part of the image is observed with the left eye and the other with the right eye. This is achieved by the fact that the various parts of the image have strictly complementary colors - color anaglyphs (for example, red and blue or red and green) and are observed through glasses with corresponding dividing filters.

 The operation of binoculometry block 24 (Fig. 8) is similar to the operation of the ophthalmological test formation block 3. Its peculiarity lies in the presence of a preliminary analysis unit for binoculometry 82 results. This block, upon completion of each binoculometry test, analyzes its results in order to determine the appropriateness of the remaining tests and adjusts accordingly execution flags in the binoculometry test manager block 72.

 The functional block diagram of the campimetry block 25 (Fig. 9) uses the metaphor of "highlighting" the stimuli. The block works as follows. The first and second inputs of the fifth control unit receive a start signal and data for testing. These data are set in the block for selecting test conditions 31 and include: - distance to the screen; - the nature of the distribution of the studied points in the visible space; RGB test object size; - RGB background; time intervals - the exposure time of the test object, the relaxation time (expectation) and the time allotted to the patient's response.

 The distribution of the studied points can be either isotropic within the studied visible space (matrix in rectangular or polar coordinates with a variable step) or certain sections of this field can be studied (Bierrum zone or six fixed points to detect early glaucomatous changes). The size of the stimulus is set as a percentage relative to the standard perimeter diameter of 0.43 degrees, equivalent to an object with a size of III according to Goldman. The ability to change the size of the stimulus can be used, for example, to study the field of view with low vision. According to the signal at the first output of the fifth control unit, the stimulus formation unit 84 forms stimulus and background images with RGB background values. The stimulus and background RGB data is transmitted to the stimulus and background color sensor 88.

 According to the signal from the second output of the fifth control unit, a tuple of coordinates of the studied points of the field of view is formed in the stimulus coordinate sensor 87.

 The coordinate selection block of the current stimulus 90 organizes the stimulus output cycle in random order, the time interval sensor 89, together with the stimulus highlighting unit 86, sets the specified time intervals of exposure, reaction, and relaxation. Information about the number of studied points is sent from the stimulus coordinate sensor 87 to the coordinate selection block of the current stimulus 90 to set the counter (count limit). The initial setting of the counter is -1, and the corresponding pointer to the -1st element of the tuple is transmitted to the stimulus coordinate sensor 87.

 Initially, the 1st stimulus is displayed at an arbitrary point on the screen with the background color and is therefore invisible.

 To start the testing process, you need to submit a command by pressing a specific key (for example, "Space"). The scan code of the pressed key goes to the input of the third unit for interpreting the response of the patient 91, from the first output of which the signal goes to the first input of the second decision block 92. The block gives the corresponding signal to the second input of the coordinate selection block of the current stimulus 90. The sensor is charged and indicates a zero vector random sequence of coordinates. In accordance with this indicator, the stimulus random coordinate sensor 87 transmits these coordinates to the second image biasing unit 85, which biases the stimulus to a predetermined location on the screen.

 From the second output of the coordinate selection block of the current stimulus 90, a signal synchronizing the output of the stimulus is supplied to the time interval sensor 89. Based on this signal, the block generates a backlight pulse, determined by the duration of the stimulus and delayed relative to the input signal by a random relaxation time. The first three inputs of the time interval sensor 89 receive information about the duration of relaxation, the duration of exposure of the stimulus, and the "reaction time".

 The backlight pulse is fed to the third input of the stimulus backlight unit 86, which also receives information about the stimulus color and background color from the stimulus color sensor and background 88. The stimulus backlight 86 "illuminates" the stimulus for the duration of the exposure signal at the third input of the block. The "backlight" is to set the color of the stimulus with the leading edge of the signal at the third input and resetting it to the background color with the falling edge of the same signal.

 At the same time, the leading edge of the “illumination pulse” starts the time selector in the second decision block 92. It is intended for gating signals at the second input of this block. The second input of this block receives signals when the subjects press the "Enter" key. Those. the test subject’s response is time-selective - it should arrive no earlier than the beginning of the stimulus exposure. If the stimulus fixation signal does not arrive during the time allotted to the patient’s reaction, then a signal, a sensor with a time interval of 88 at its second output (delayed relative to the beginning of the “backlight pulse” at the “reaction time”), arrives at the fourth input of the second decision block 92 , the time selector closes. The trailing edge of the selection pulse forms the signal of the beginning of the next stimulus exposure cycle, which is transmitted to the coordinate selection block of the current stimulus 90 and the process is repeated.

 If the signal at the second input of the second decision block 92 appears earlier than the signal at its fourth input, then a signal is generated at its second output, which is fed to the first input of the campimetry data storage and output unit 93. Based on this signal, the block reads the current stimulus coordinates from the stimulus coordinate sensor 87. These data are accumulated in the block. When the signal arrives at the second input of the second decision block 92, the time selector is closed, the signal is transmitted to the coordinate selection block of the current stimulus 90, and the process is repeated. At the same time, the signal from the second output of the coordinate stimulus selection block of the current stimulus 90 resets the time interval sensor 89, so that the signal does not appear on its second output.

 Upon overflow of the cycle counter in the coordinate selection block of the current stimulus 90, a signal appears at its third output, which enters the campimetry data storage and output unit 93, and at the fourth output, a signal informs the fifth control unit 83 of the completion of the test.

 The time slot sensor can be implemented using three programmable timers or using one timer, as shown in FIG. The sensor time intervals 89 operates as follows.

 The signal from the fourth input of the block resets (resets and sets again) the timer 170 and resets the second counter 171. At the same time, the random number sensor 172 starts, generating a random number at the output with the mathematical expectation set at its installation input (relaxation time). The second counter 171 counts the timer signals and outputs the counts to the inputs of the three blocks And 173, 174 and 175. The first block And 173 generates a signal at the output when the value at the output of the second counter 171 matches the value at the output of the random number sensor 172, i.e. this signal is delayed relative to the signal at the fourth input of the time interval sensor 89 for a random relaxation time. This signal sets the RS trigger.

 The second block And 174 generates an output signal when the value at the output of the second counter 171 matches the value at the output of the random number sensor 172 plus the value at the first input of the first adder 176 (exposure time). This signal resets the RS trigger, at the output of which (at the first output of the time interval sensor 89), a stimulus illumination pulse is generated with a duration equal to the specified exposure time. The signal at the output of the third block And 175 is delayed relative to the beginning of the stimulus exposure to the "patient response time", which arrives at the first input of the second adder 177. If the next signal arrives earlier at the fourth input of the time interval sensor 89, then the second counter will be reset before it has time count the required value, and the signal at the output of the third block And 175 will not be generated.

 The methods for studying astigmatism are based on uneven vision by the astigmatic eye of lines of different orientations in astigmatic figures. The operation of the astigmatism research unit 26 is similar to the operation of the ophthalmological test formation unit 3, the visometry unit 21 and the binocularometry unit 24.

 For the operation of the unit for determining the type of astigmatism 96 (Fig. 10) and the unit for determining the type of astigmatism 97, information is required on the position of the more strongly refracting meridian. Preliminary information is obtained in the astigmatism detection unit 95 and transmitted to these blocks. If this information is not available, the corresponding blocks use a null default value. The output of the astigmatism analysis unit 26 contains a flag of the presence or absence of astigmatism, as well as data on the type and type of astigmatism and position data of the more strongly refracting meridian on the inverted TAVO scale.

 Visual acuity is one of the main criteria for assessing the ability to visual analysis of the shapes, sizes, structure and orientation of objects in space, so the determination of visual acuity is one of the mandatory methods of functional research of the organ of vision.

 In the block for determining visual acuity 43 (Fig. 11), a technique for studying visual acuity by minimum separable is implemented. By definition, visual acuity is equal to the ratio of the maximum distance from which the subject distinguishes the details of the optotype to the distance from which they are distinguished by a person with normal vision. Since for normal vision, the distinguishing ability is one angular minute, visual acuity is quantitatively equal to the reciprocal of the angular size of the minimum distinguishable parts, expressed in angular minutes.

 To determine visual acuity in ophthalmic practice, various optotypes are used: Landolt rings, Snellen or Pfluger "tridents", etc. A distinguishable part (for example, a slot in the ring) is 20% of the size of the optotype.

 The technique used involves presenting the subject with optotypes of different sizes with fixation of visual acuity according to the minimum recognized optotype.

 The unit for determining visual acuity 43 works as follows. At the first input of the sixth control unit 101, a start signal is received, and at the second input, data for testing. These data include: distance; - RGB optotype and background; the type of optotype used (Landolt rings, Snellen and Pfluger optotypes, Volkov dashed optotype); size scale.

 According to the signal at the first output of the sixth control unit 101, the optotype formation unit 102 generates a predetermined type of optotype with a given RGB value and a size corresponding to visual acuity of 1.0. At the same time, according to the signal from the second output of the sixth control unit 101, a predetermined scale of relative sizes is formed in the scale factor sensor 105, the scale length (the number of scale factors) is transmitted to the scale factor selection block 110, where the counter is installed. The initial value of the counter is 0. This value indicates the offset of the current scale factor relative to the beginning of the scale. The optotype is scaled in the first image scaling unit 103, rotated by a random angle multiple of 90 degrees, in the second image rotation unit 104 and is displayed on the screen through the first output of the block.

 Four arrow keys to control the orientation of the optotype. In accordance with the scan code of the pressed key, the fourth unit for interpreting the reaction of the patient 106 at its second output generates an angle value that is a multiple of 90 degrees. This value is transmitted to the third comparison block 108. Any of the four values of the scan code causes a signal to be sent to the second sensor of a random angle of rotation 107. At this signal, the sensor resets the current value of the angle of rotation to the second comparison block 108 and sets it on the first output (second input of the second block rotation of the image 104) the new value of the angle of rotation.

 The second comparison unit 108 and the second decision unit 109 work in the same way as the corresponding blocks in the colorimetry unit. The decision on the criterion "m of n" is implemented. The logic zero signal from the output of the second decision block 109 incriminates the counter in the scale factor selection block 110, which moves the pointer on its second output to the next scale factor in the scale factor sensor 105. The process is repeated for a different size of optotype. The signal of the logical unit at the input of the scale factor selection block 110 causes the signal of the logical unit at its first output. Based on this signal, the visual acuity assessment unit 111 reads the current value of the scale factor from the scale factor sensor 105, generates an assessment of visual acuity from this value and gives it to the first output, simultaneously informing the sixth control unit 101 of the completion of the test from the second output. According to the counter overflow signal, the scale factor selection block 110 provides a logic zero signal at the first input. At the same time, the test incomplete flag is set in the output, which means that the studied visual acuity is below the lower limit. This limit is determined by the size of the screen and is 0.03 - 0.05.

 The determination of the optical installation of the eye is carried out using the unit for determining the optical installation of the eye 44, performed implementing the duochrome test. Diagnostics using the duochrome test is based on the physical phenomenon of chromatic aberration in the optical system of the eye. Since the green rays are refracted more strongly in the optical system than the red ones, focusing will be better on the green background for the hyperopic eye, and red on the myopic eye. Consequently, optotypes also appear to be more contrasting on one or another background.

 The unit for determining the nature of binocular cooperation 74 is made implementing a four-point color test of Worth. The test implementation consists in displaying a static picture on the screen and organizing the dialogue through the status window. The test consists in observing the subject through the glasses-filters of four luminous windows of different colors, arranged in the form of the letter "T" turned on its side. The dialogue with the subject is conducted through the status window. The dialogue is organized using a transition matrix similar to the matrix used in colorimetry. Wors testing does not share normal binocular vision with the leading eye and asymmetric binocular vision with abnormal retinal correspondence - additional information is collected on the presence or absence of apparent strabismus. Since the device does not have such information, in this case an additional test is used to determine retinal correspondence. If the predicate "monocular vision" is true, the testing process stops; if the predicate "simultaneous vision" is true, only phoria is examined (detecting heterotropy).

 The retina correspondence correspondence determination unit 75 was implemented that implements testing of sequential images according to Chermak – Bilshovsky. In front of the subject, horizontal and vertical flashes are sequentially turned on. One is observed with the left, the other with the right eye. This is realized by means of a timer controlled by a short-term display of vertical and horizontal lines painted in the colors of color anaglyphs. If there is no crosshair discrepancy, the retinal correspondence is normal, otherwise abnormal. These two alternatives correspond, for example, by pressing the Enter or Space key. According to the test results, the corresponding flag is set.

 If the test was specified during the preparation of the screening program, then it is carried out only if, when testing according to Wors, the predicate “the asymmetric binocular vision with abnormal correspondence of the retina” is established.

 The unit for determining phoria 76 (Fig. 12) determines the nature of muscle balance and the magnitude of the divergence of fixation. The first and second inputs of the seventh control unit 112 receives a start signal and data for testing — the range of D and RGB color anaglyphs, which are set in the block for selecting test conditions 32. You can choose, for example, red and blue or red and green colors, depending on what color filters the user has.

 Based on the signals from the first and second outputs of the seventh control unit 112, two fragments of a symmetric optotype, for example, three sides of a symmetric cross and its fourth side or circle and a cross in the center, are formed in the third and fourth blocks of the formation of the fragment of the optotype 113 and 116. These fragments acquire the colors of color anaglyphs in the third and fourth blocks of color modulation 114 and 117 and are combined into a whole image in the third block of composition 115.

 RGB color anaglyphs from the third output of the seventh control unit enter the first color anaglyph sensor 120, and from there to the inputs of the third and fourth color modulation units 114 and 116.

 One of the fragments on the way to the third block of the composition passes through the first blocks of horizontal or vertical displacement of images 118 and 119, respectively, controlled from the second and third outputs of the fifth block of interpretation of the patient’s response 121. The signals at these outputs are generated in response to pressing the cursor control key ( "left - right" and "up - down", respectively). The device is notified of the restoration of the symmetry of the visible image by pressing the "Enter" key. At the first output of the fifth patient response interpretation unit 121, a signal is generated that enters the fixation discrepancy estimation unit 122. This unit reads the offset data from the first horizontal and vertical image offset units 118 and 119 and the distance from the seventh control unit. The bias vector (x, y) is converted into a fixation divergence vector (x / D, y / D), which is fed to the output of the phorium determination unit 76, and a test completion signal is transmitted to the third input of the seventh control unit 112.

 The methodology for assessing fusional reserves, implemented in the block for determining fusional reserves 77 (Fig.13), is as follows. The subject is presented with a background image that is visible binocularly, and two monocularly observed identical details. First, these details are combined in space, then they begin to diverge horizontally. With a small discrepancy, the images of the two eyes still merge into one, and the subject sees one instead of two details. When the visual line moves beyond the fusional reserves, the details begin to be perceived separately. At this moment, their discrepancy is fixed, which determines the value of fusional reserves.

 The operation of the fusion reserves determination unit 77 is in many ways similar to the operation of the phoria determination unit.

 The first and second inputs of the eighth control unit 123 also receive the start signal and data for the test. However, three images are formed: the background image in the background image generation unit 131 and two fragments in the fifth and sixth blocks of the fragment formation of the optotype 124 and 128. The fragments acquire the color of color anaglyphs in the fifth and sixth color modulation blocks 125 and 129.

 Three images are combined in the fourth block of composition 127. Two fragments, before entering this block, pass through the corresponding horizontal displacement blocks of images 126 and 130. Both of these blocks are controlled from the output of the horizontal displacement sensor 134, but one directly and the other through inverter. As a result, both fragments synchronously move horizontally in opposite directions. The horizontal displacement sensor 134 is controlled from the first output of the sixth block of the interpretation of the response of the patient 133, to the input of which the scan codes are received using the left-right arrow cursor key.

 Fragments of an optotype are two vertical risks moving along a horizontal white strip that is part of the background image. On the periphery of the screen, the background image can contain anything - letters, for example. The horizontal binocularly observed line serves to neutralize heterophory, if the latter takes place.

 The moment of visible discrepancy between the marks corresponds to pressing the Enter key. This signal is fed to the convergence and divergence reserves estimation unit 135. By this signal, the unit reads the horizontal displacement X from the horizontal displacement sensor 134 and the range D from the eighth control unit 123. An angular value of 2X / D is generated, which determines the desired fusional reserves.

 The further behavior of the convergence and divergence reserve assessment unit 135 depends on the state of the test completion flag in this block. This flag was initially reset. Then, the convergence and divergence reserves assessment unit 135 at the second output gives a reset signal for the horizontal displacement sensor 134, at the third output - a test repeat signal and sets the completion flag.

 According to the test repetition signal, at the third output of the convergence and divergence reserves assessment unit 135, the eighth control unit 123 organizes a test repetition. If in the first test the line of sight was moved to the nose with the left arrow key, now it is moved to the temple with the right arrow key. The rest of the process is similar.

 Upon completion of the second test and the formation of an estimate of the fusional reserves of divergence in the block for evaluating the reserves of convergence and divergence 135, the test completion flag is checked again. Now it is installed and the test completion signal is issued from the third block output to the eighth control unit 123, and the results are output from the first block output.

 The stereopsis detection block 78 is constructed similarly to block 77. Due to the horizontal disparity, the risks and the background image in the presence of the stereopsis are perceived as located at different depths, and in the absence of it, as located in the same plane.

 Moving the scribe in the horizontal plane is carried out to neutralize the fusion mechanism. Risks are divorced until they begin to be observed separately. The discrepancy value in this test does not carry any information and therefore is not fixed (there is no communication between the blocks corresponding to this goal). There is also no horizontal line. The direction of movement of the fixation line when breeding the scribes can be any, so there is no need for a second iteration. Depending on whether the details are perceived located at different depths or in the same plane, press "Enter" or "Space". Depending on the scan code of the pressed key, the flag of the presence or absence of a stereoopsis is set.

 The method of testing aniseikonia consists in presenting the subject with a symmetrical image, the left and right halves of which are observed separately. In the presence of aniseikonia, the image will be perceived as asymmetric - both halves of the visible image will have a different size.

 The analysis unit of aniseikonia 79 (Fig) works as follows. Two fragments are formed, for example, in the form of brackets directed towards each other, respectively, in the seventh and eighth blocks of formation of a fragment of optotype 138 and 141. Images take the color of color anaglyphs in the seventh and eighth blocks of color modulation 139 and 142 and are combined in the fifth block of composition 140. In view of the impossibility of fusion fusion of such various objects, they are perceived separately.

 The second fragment can be moved horizontally and vertically and resized using the fourth horizontal displacement block of the image 143, the second vertical displacement block of the image 144, and the second zoom block 145, respectively. The subject's task is to “dock” the visible images of the fragments and equalize them in size. The bias signals are generated using the seventh patient response interpretation unit 147, the fourth image horizontal displacement unit 143, and the second vertical image displacement unit 144.

 Fragments are equalized in size by scaling the second fragment in the second scaling unit 145, the control signal to which comes from the fourth output of the seventh unit of the patient's reaction interpretation module 147. This signal occurs when the “+” or “-” key is pressed — a positive or negative increment in size, and a second scaling unit 145 integrates these increments. The fact of adjusting the visible dimensions corresponds to pressing the Enter key.

 At the first output of the seventh patient response interpretation unit 147, a signal is generated that enters the aniseikonia assessment unit 148. Based on this signal, the unit reads the value of the scaling factor from the second scaling unit 145. If the still image has the color of the filter in front of the right eye, then the scale factor is the desired estimate aniseikonia. In the block for selecting test conditions, color anaglyphs must be set so that the second color anaglyph matches the filter in front of the left eye. Then, the aniseikonia evaluation unit 148 informs the ninth control unit 137 of the completion of the test with a signal at its second output and outputs the received data.

 The astigmatism detection unit 95 (Fig. 15) works as follows. According to the signal at the first output of the tenth control unit 149, the first unit for forming the astigmatic figure 150 forms an image of the radiant Purkinje figure. A dialogue is organized to identify the patient's sensations. The general principle of organizing a dialogue using a transition matrix is the same as for Wors testing.

 If the subject sees all the rays of the figure equally clear or slightly blurry, then astigmatism is either absent or evenly mixed, i.e. ametropia in the main sections is the same in magnitude and opposite in sign. Verification of the validity of predicates is carried out in the eighth block of interpretation of the patient’s reaction 154. If the predicts “strong ametropia” or “lack of astigmatism” are true, then the test completion signal is sent to the output data generating unit 156. This block outputs flags bits and informs the tenth control unit 149 of the completion of the test. If the predicates "astigmatism" or "uniformly mixed astigmatism" are true, then a signal is generated to the marker 152 from the eighth patient response interpretation block 154 and the marker is generated. Scan codes with the cursor control key generate, at the first output of the eighth block of interpretation of the patient’s reaction 154, a marker rotation angle signal arriving at the first input of the marker rotation angle sensor 155. This block converts the incoming signal into a marker position angle signal, which is fed to the second input of the rotation block marker 153.

 The subject's task is to place a marker in the direction of the most clearly visible meridian. Pressing the Enter key corresponds to this situation. The output data generating unit 156 receives a signal by which it reads marker position data from the marker angle sensor 155 and completes the test. If astigmatism is not detected, then the testing process stops.

 If astigmatism is detected, then using the unit for determining the type of astigmatism 96 (Fig. 16), you can clarify the position of the main meridians and determine the type of astigmatism. The position of the axes is refined using the so-called Raubichek arrow, which is a black gable symmetric hyperbola with orthogonal asymptotes. The figure can rotate around an axis. This technique is implemented in the block for determining the type of astigmatism 96. An image of the “arrow” of Raubicek is formed using the second block for forming the astigmatic figure 158, and it is rotated in the third block for turning the image 159 in the same way as the marker in the block for detecting astigmatism 95. The third angle sensor turn 161 has an input of the initial installation (second input), which receives the value of the angle of the main meridian obtained in the previous test. If there is no signal at this input (no astigmatism test was performed), then the initial value is set to zero by default.

 The position of the "arrow" in the direction of the main meridian corresponds to pressing the Enter key. Based on a signal from the ninth patient response interpretation block 160, the highly refractory meridian 162 position estimation unit reads the angle value from the third rotation angle sensor 161, outputs it, and completes the test with a signal to the eleventh control unit 157.

 Testing to determine the type of astigmatism is carried out in the block determining the type of astigmatism 97 (Fig.17). The image of the Parparov figure is formed in the third block for forming the astigmatic figure 164 and is modified in the block for modifying the astigmatic figure 165, to which signals from the tenth block for forming the reaction of the patient 167 are received. The axis of the figure rotates in the direction of the previously found position angle of the highly refractive meridian. This value goes to the second input of the fourth rotation angle sensor 168. Three alternatives: “green background”, “red background”, “indifferent” - corresponds to pressing three keys, say, “left arrow”, “right arrow”, “space”. After choosing one of the three alternatives, the results are transmitted to the refraction estimation unit in the main meridians 169, the cycle counter is charged in the tenth patient response formation unit 167, from which the image rotation signal by 90 degrees is received at the first input of the fourth rotation angle sensor 168. The process is repeated for a more weakly refracting meridian. After re-selecting one of the three alternatives by the counter overflow signal, the data is transmitted to the refraction estimation unit in the main meridians 169. Now, the test completion flag is set in the transmitted data, which is transmitted to the twelfth control unit 163 and the test is completed.

 The device allows for screening diagnostics of the main functions of vision, including during mass preventive ophthalmological examinations of children and adults in preschool and school educational institutions, at enterprises, in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, to ensure monitoring of the state of the visual analyzer in clinics, hospitals and other medical institutions , as well as for conducting research in assessing the effectiveness of medical and rehabilitation ophthalmological measures. The device can also be used for self-testing. The device’s advantages are the automation of the optometrist’s activities, which significantly increases productivity, while reducing the requirements for the level of qualification of staff and the cost of diagnostic equipment. Automatic saving of screening data in electronic form makes it possible, if necessary, to easily organize their statistical processing, as well as observe the dynamics when conducting studies to evaluate the effectiveness of medical and rehabilitation ophthalmological measures.

Sources of information:
1. Rosenblum Yu.Z. "Optometry". - St. Petersburg, "Hippocrates", 1996.

Claims (20)

 1. A device for screening diagnostics of vision, including a first control unit, an ophthalmological test generation unit and a screening data recording unit, characterized in that the first and second command input units, a screening program generating unit, a screening program selection unit, a patient registration unit are introduced therein , the first memory unit, the first and second buffer memory units and the search data input unit, and the screening data recording unit comprises a second memory unit, a second control unit, a screening data processing unit and forming a conclusion, a first OR block, a printer, a video adapter, and a display unit, wherein the outputs of the first and second command input units are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the first control unit, the first output of which is connected through the patient data recording unit to the first input of the ophthalmic formation unit tests, the second output through the screening program generation unit, the first memory block, the first buffer memory block is connected to the first input of the second buffer memory block, the third output through the select block and screening programs with a second input of the first memory unit, the second and third outputs of the patient data recording unit are connected to the second inputs of the first and second buffer memory units, the output of the last of which is connected to the second input of the ophthalmological test unit, the third input of which is connected to the fourth output the first control unit, the first output is connected to the first input of the first OR block, and its second output is connected to the first input of the second control unit, the first output of which is connected to the first the input of the screening and generating data processing unit, the second input and the second output are connected respectively to the output and input of the second memory unit, and the third input, through the search data input unit, is connected to the fifth output of the first control unit, the sixth output of which is connected to the second input of the data processing unit screening and formation of the conclusion, the first output of which is connected to the printer, and the second output to the second input of the first OR block, connected to the input of the display unit through a video adapter, the second output of which is connected to the third input of the first buffer memory block.  2. A device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 1, characterized in that the ophthalmological test generation unit comprises a screening test dispatcher unit, a third memory buffer unit, a visometry unit, a visocontrastometry unit, a colorimetry unit, a binoculometry unit, a campimetry unit, an astigmatism analysis unit, the second OR block and the accumulation and output screening unit, the first input of the screening test dispatcher block, combined with the first input of the third buffer memory block, is the first input of phthalmological tests, the second input of the third buffer memory block is its second input, its third input is the second input of the screening test dispatcher block, and its first and second outputs are respectively the output of the second OR block and the first output of the accumulation and output screening results, the outputs of the dispatcher block screening tests from the first to the sixth are connected respectively to the first inputs of the visometry unit, the visocontrastometry unit, the colorimetry unit, the binoculometry unit, the campimetry unit and the analysis unit astigmatism, the second inputs of which are connected to the first output of the third buffer memory block, the third inputs, respectively, with the outputs of the screening test dispatcher block from the seventh to twelfth, the first outputs, respectively, with the six inputs of the second OR block, the second outputs, respectively, with the first six inputs of the accumulation block and outputting the screening results, the seventh input and the second output of which are connected respectively to the thirteenth output and the third input of the screening test manager block, the fourth input of which is connected to the second output of the first buffer storage unit.  3. A device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 1, characterized in that the screening program generation unit comprises serially connected screening test composition selection unit, test sequence selection unit, testing conditions selection unit and validator unit, the input of the screening test composition selection unit is an input block for the formation of screening programs, and the first output of the validator block with its output, the second output of the validator block is connected to the second input of the block for selecting test conditions.  4. A device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 1, characterized in that the screening and processing data processing unit comprises a fourth memory buffer unit, a first comparison unit, a logical output unit, a report generating unit and a printed report generating unit, a first counter , the memory block of the test reference data and the memory block of the logic inference rules, the input of the fourth buffer memory block and the first output of the report generation unit are the first input and the first the progress of the screening and generating a data processing unit, the second input and second output of which are, respectively, the second input and output of the printed report generating unit, the second output of the fourth buffer memory unit is connected to the second input of the reporting unit, and the third output is to the start input of the first counter, the outputs of the memory block of the reference test data and the memory block of the rules for logic output are connected respectively to the second inputs of the first comparison unit and the logical output unit, the counting output the first- counter is connected to a third input of the first comparator and the overflow output - to a third input of report generation, the third output is connected to the counting input of the first counter.  5. A device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 2, characterized in that the visometry unit comprises a visometry test manager unit, a fifth memory buffer unit, a visual acuity determination unit, an optical eye determination unit, a third OR unit, and a visometry results storage and output unit , the first input of the viscometer test manager block, combined with the first input of the fifth buffer memory block, is the first input of the visometry block, the second input of the fifth buffer memory block is its second input, its third the input is the second input of the viscometry test dispatcher block, and its first and second outputs are respectively the output of the third OR block and the first output of the accumulation and output unit of the visometry, the first and second outputs of the viscometer test dispatcher block are connected respectively to the first inputs of the visual acuity determination unit and the block determining the optical installation of the eye, the second inputs of which are connected to the first output of the fifth buffer memory block, the third inputs are respectively the third and fourth outputs of the block d of the visometry test manager, the first outputs, respectively, with two inputs of the third OR block, and the second outputs, respectively, with the inputs of the accumulation and output of the visometry results from the first to fourth, fifth input and second output of which are connected respectively to the fifth output and third input of the test manager block visometry, the fourth input of which is connected to the second output of the fifth buffer memory unit, the fourth input of the unit for determining the optical installation of the eye is connected to the second output of the unit for determining visual acuity and I.  6. The device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 2, characterized in that the visocontrastometry unit comprises a third control unit, a first iso-brightness image forming unit, a brightness modulation unit and a first composition unit, the output of which is the first output of the visocontrastometry unit, connected in series to the second an iso-brightness image forming unit and a first image mixing unit, a spatial frequency sensor, a second counter, the first unit connected in series ok interpretation of the patient’s reaction and the first vertical displacement sensor, as well as the videogram forming unit, the first and second inputs of the third control unit are respectively the first and second inputs of the visocontrastometry unit, and the second, third and fourth outputs are connected respectively to the first input of the spatial frequency sensor, the installation input the second counter and the first input of the videogram forming unit, the first output of which is the second output of the visocontrastometry unit, the input of the second the luminance image is connected to the second output of the first block of formation of high-brightness image, the output of the first block of the image is connected to the second input of the first block of the composition, and the second input is to the first output of the first vertical displacement sensor, the control input of the block of brightness modulation is connected to the first output of the spatial frequency sensor, the second, third and fourth inputs of the videogram forming unit are connected respectively to the second output of the first patient response interpretation unit, the second output the spatial frequency sensor house and the second output of the first vertical displacement sensor, the second input of which is connected to the third output of the spatial frequency sensor, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second counter, the overflow output of which is connected to the third input of the third control unit, the input of the first patient response interpretation unit is the third input of the visocontrastometry unit.  7. A device for screening vision diagnostics according to claim 2, characterized in that the colorimetry unit comprises a fourth control unit, a first optotype fragment formation unit, a first color modulation unit, a second composition unit and a first image rotation unit, the output of which is the first output colorimetry unit, connected in series to the second block of the formation of the fragment of the optotype, an input connected to the second output of the fourth control unit, and a second color modulation unit, the output of shared with the second input of the second block of the composition, the color sensor of the threshold table, the first input connected to the third output of the fourth control unit, and the first and second outputs to the second inputs of the first and second color modulation units, respectively, connected in series to the second patient response interpretation unit and the first sensor random rotation angle, the first output connected to the second input of the first image rotation unit, the second comparison unit and the first decision making unit connected in series the unit, the test color selection unit and the colorimetric data storage and output unit, the output of which is the second output of the colorimetry unit, the first and second inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the fourth control unit, and the third input is the input of the second patient response interpretation unit, the first and the second inputs of the second comparison unit are connected to the second outputs of the second patient response interpretation unit and the first random angle sensor, respectively, the first and second inputs of the test selection block colors are connected respectively to the fourth output of the fourth control unit and the output of the first decision block, and the first, second and third outputs, respectively, with the second input of the color sensor of the threshold table and the first and second inputs of the accumulation and output unit of colorimetry, the second output of which is connected to the third the input of the fourth control unit.  8. A device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 2, characterized in that the binoculometry block comprises a binoculometry test dispatcher block, a sixth memory buffer block, a binocular collaboration character determination block, retina correspondence determination block, a phoria determination block, a fusional reserve determination block, a block stereopsis detection unit, aniseikonia analysis unit, fourth OR block, binoculometry data storage and output unit and preliminary analysis binoculometry results block, first input of block d the binoculometry test controller, combined with the first input of the sixth buffer memory block, is the first input of the binoculometry block, the second input of the sixth buffer memory block is its second input, its third input is the second input of the binoculometry test manager block, and its first and second outputs are respectively the output of the fourth OR block and the first output of the binoculometry data storage and output unit, the outputs of the binoculometry test dispatcher block one through six are connected respectively to the first The odes of the binocular cooperation character determination unit, the retina correspondence determination unit, the phoria determination unit, the fusion reserve determination unit, the stereopsis detection unit and the aniseikonia analysis unit, the second inputs of which are connected to the first output of the sixth buffer memory unit, the third inputs are respectively with the outputs of the test manager block binocularometry from the seventh to the twelfth, the first outputs, respectively, with six inputs of the fourth block OR, the second outputs, respectively, with the first six inputs and a binoculometry data storage and output unit, the seventh input and second output of which are connected respectively to the thirteenth output of the binoculometry test manager unit and the input of the binoculometry preliminary analysis unit output, connected to the third input of the binoculometry test manager unit, the fourth input of which is connected to the second output of the sixth buffer block of memory.  9. A device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 2, characterized in that the campimetry unit comprises a fifth control unit connected in series, the first and second inputs of which are respectively the first and second inputs of the campimetry unit, a stimulus formation unit, a second image bias unit and a backlight unit a stimulus, the output of which is the first output of the campimetry block, a stimulus coordinate sensor, the first input connected to the second output of the fifth control unit, and the first output to the second input of the second block and image offsets, a stimulus and background color sensor connected between the second output of the stimulus formation unit and the second input of the stimulus illumination unit, a time interval sensor, first, second and third inputs connected respectively to the third, fourth and fifth outputs of the fifth control unit, coordinate selection unit the current stimulus, the third block of interpretation of the patient’s reaction, the input of which is the third input of the campimetry block, the second decision block and the accumulation and output block of campimetry data, the output of which is the second output of the campimetry block, the second output of the stimulus coordinate sensor is connected to the first input of the current stimulus coordinate selection block, the first and second outputs of the third patient response interpretation block are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the second decision block, the first and second outputs of which are connected respectively to the second input of the current stimulus coordinate selection block and the first input of the campimetry data storage and output block, the second input of which is connected to the third output of the co stimulus dynamite, the first, second, third and fourth outputs of the current stimulus coordinate selection block are connected respectively to the second input of the stimulus coordinate sensor, the fourth input of the time interval sensor, the second input of the campimetry data storage and output unit and the third input of the fifth control unit, the first and second outputs the time interval sensor is connected respectively to the third and fourth inputs of the second decision block, the third input of which is combined with the third input of the stimulus illumination block.  10. The device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 2, characterized in that the astigmatism analysis unit includes a test manager unit for astigmatism analysis, an astigmatism detection unit, an astigmatism type determination unit, an astigmatism type determination unit, a fifth OR block, an data storage and output unit astigmatism studies and a preliminary analysis unit for astigmatism research data, the first and second outputs of the astigmatism analysis unit are the output of the fifth OR block and the first output of the accumulation unit, respectively, and the output of astigmatism research data, and the first, second and third inputs are the first, second and third inputs of the test manager block for analyzing astigmatism, the first, second and third outputs of which, respectively, through the astigmatism detection unit, the astigmatism type determination unit and the astigmatism type determination unit are connected to the three inputs of the fifth OR block, and the fourth, fifth and sixth outputs are connected to the second inputs of the astigmatism detection unit, the astigmatism type determination unit, and the determination unit, respectively I am of the astigmatism type, the second outputs of which are connected respectively to the first, second and third inputs of the astigmatism research data storage and output unit, the second output of which is connected to the fourth input of the test manager block for the analysis of astigmatism through the preliminary analysis data block of astigmatism, and the fourth input to the fifth output of this block, the third output of the astigmatism detection unit is connected to the third inputs of the astigmatism type determination unit and the astigmatism type determination unit, and the third output d determination unit type astigmatism - a fourth input of the determination of the type of astigmatism.  11. A device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 5, characterized in that the visual acuity determination unit comprises a sixth control unit, an optotype formation unit, a first image scaling unit and a second image rotation unit, the output of which is the first output of the visual acuity determination unit , the first and second inputs of which are respectively the first and second inputs of the sixth control unit, a scale factor sensor, the first input connected to the second output of the sixth about the control unit, and the first output - with the second input of the first image scaling unit, the fourth patient response interpretation unit connected in series, the second random angle sensor, the first output connected to the second input of the second image rotation unit, the third comparison unit in series, the second adoption unit solutions, a scale factor selection unit and a visual acuity assessment unit, the first output of which is the second output of the visual acuity determination unit, and the second output with connected to the third input of the sixth control unit, the second output and second input of the scale factor selection unit are connected respectively to the second input and second output of the scale factor sensor, the third output of which is connected to the second input of the visual acuity assessment unit, the third input and second output of which are connected respectively to the third output of the scale factor sensor and the third input of the sixth control unit, the first and second inputs of the third comparison unit are connected respectively to the second output of the second about a sensor of a random angle of rotation and the second output of the fourth block of interpretation of the patient’s reaction, the input of which is the third input of the block for determining visual acuity.  12. A device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 8, characterized in that the unit for determining the optical installation of the eye is made implementing a duochrome test.  13. A device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 8, characterized in that the unit for determining the nature of binocular cooperation is made implementing a four-point color test of Worth.  14. A device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 8, characterized in that the retinal correspondence detection unit is implemented that implements testing of sequential images according to Chermak-Bilshovsky.  15. The device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 8, characterized in that the phoria determination unit comprises a seventh control unit, the first and second inputs of which are respectively the first and second inputs of the phoria determination unit, the third block of formation of the optotype fragment, the third color block in series modulation and the third block of the composition, the output of which is the first output of the phoria determination unit, series-connected the fourth block of the formation of the fragment of the optotype, the fourth block of color the first block of horizontal image shift and the first block of vertical image shift, the first output connected to the second input of the third block of composition, the first color anaglyph sensor, the first and second outputs connected to the second inputs of the third and fourth color modulation units, respectively, connected in series to the fifth interpretation unit the response of the patient, the input of which is the third input of the unit for determining the phoria, and the unit for assessing the discrepancy of fixation, the first output of which is By the second output of the phoria detection unit, the first, second, and third outputs of the seventh control unit are connected respectively to the inputs of the third and fourth blocks of the formation of the fragment of the optotype and the first color anaglyph sensor, the second and third outputs of the fifth block of interpretation of the patient’s reaction are connected to the second inputs of the first horizontal displacement block, respectively fragment and the first block of the vertical displacement of the fragment, the second outputs of which are connected respectively with the second and third inputs of the block estimates the discrepancy Nia fixation, fourth input and a second output of which is connected respectively with the fourth outlet and the third input of the seventh control unit.  16. The device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 8, characterized in that the fusion reserves determination unit comprises an eighth control unit, the first and second inputs of which are respectively the first and second inputs of the fusion reserves determination unit, the fifth unit of formation of the optotype fragment fragment connected in series, fifth a color modulation unit, a second horizontal image shift unit and a fourth composition unit, the output of which is the first output of the fusion reserves determination unit, followed by the sixth block of formation of the fragment of the optotype, the sixth block of color modulation and the third block of horizontal image shift, the first output connected to the second input of the fourth block of the composition, the background image forming block, the output connected to the third input of the fourth block of the composition, the second color anaglyph sensor, the first and the second outputs connected to the second inputs of the fifth and sixth color modulation units, respectively, the sixth reaction interpretation unit connected in series and a patient whose input is the third input of the fusion reserves determination unit, and a horizontal displacement sensor, a convergence and divergence reserves assessment unit, the first output of which is the second output of the fusion reserves determination unit, as well as an inverter, the first, second, third and fourth outputs of the eighth block controls are connected respectively to the inputs of the fifth and sixth blocks of the formation of the fragment of the optotype, the block forming the background image and the second color anaglyph sensor, the second output of the sixth block interpretation of the patient’s reaction is connected to the first input of the convergence and divergence reserve assessment unit, the first output of the horizontal displacement sensor is connected to the second input of the third horizontal image displacement unit and through the inverter to the second input of the second horizontal image displacement unit, the second input and second output, respectively, with the second input and the second output of the convergence and divergence reserves assessment unit, the third output of which and the fourth input are connected to the third input and the fifth output of the eighth block eye management.  17. The device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 8, characterized in that the aniseikonia analysis unit contains a ninth control unit, the first and second inputs of which are respectively the first and second inputs of the aniseikonia analysis unit, connected in series to the seventh block of the formation of the fragment of the optotype, the seventh color block modulation and the fifth block of the composition, the output of which is the first output of the aniseikonia analysis block, the eighth block of the formation of the fragment of the optotype, the eighth block of color modulation, the fourth block of horizontal image shift, the second block of vertical image shift and the second zoom block, the first output connected to the second input of the fifth block of composition, the third color anaglyph sensor, the first and second outputs connected to the second inputs of the seventh and eighth color modulation blocks, respectively connected the seventh unit of the interpretation of the reaction of the patient, whose input is the third input of the aniseikonia analysis unit, and the aniseikonia assessment unit, are the first the output of which is the second output of the aniseikonia analysis unit, the first, second and third outputs of the ninth control unit are connected respectively to the inputs of the seventh and eighth blocks of the formation of the fragment of the optotype and the third color anaglyph sensor, the second, third and fourth outputs of the seventh block of the patient reaction interpretation are connected to the second inputs respectively, the fourth block of horizontal displacement of the image, the second block of vertical displacement of the fragment and the second block of scaling, the second output of which th connected to the second input of the evaluation aniseikonia, the second output of which is connected to the third input of the ninth control unit.  18. The device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 10, characterized in that the astigmatism detection unit comprises a tenth control unit connected in series, the first and second inputs of which are respectively the first and second inputs of the astigmatism detection unit, the first astigmatic figure formation unit and the sixth composition unit the output of which is the first output of the astigmatism detection unit, the marker formation unit is connected in series, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the tenth block control window, and a marker rotation unit connected to the second input of the sixth composition block by an output, an eighth patient response interpretation unit, the input of which is the third input of the astigmatism detection unit, a marker rotation angle sensor and an output data generation unit, second and third outputs of the eighth block interpretations of the patient’s response are connected respectively to the second inputs of the marker formation unit and the output data formation unit, the second output of the marker rotation angle sensor is connected nen a second input token rotation unit, a first output unit for generating the output data is the second output of the detection of astigmatism and a second output connected to a third input of the tenth control unit. .  19. The device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 10, characterized in that the astigmatism type determination unit comprises an eleventh control unit connected in series, the first and second outputs of which are the first and second outputs of the astigmatism type determination unit, a second astigmatic figure formation unit and a third image rotation unit, the output of which is the first output of the astigmatism type determination unit, the ninth patient reaction interpretation unit ninthly connected in series One of which is the third input of the astigmatism type determination unit, and a third rotation angle sensor, the first output of which is connected to the second input of the third image rotation unit, and the second input is the fourth input of the astigmatism type determination unit, the unit for evaluating the position of the strongly refracting meridian, the first and second inputs of which connected respectively to the second outputs of the ninth patient response interpretation unit and the third rotation angle sensor, the first output is the second output of the ac type determination unit tigmatism, and the second output is connected to the third input of the eleventh control unit.  20. The device for screening diagnostics of vision according to claim 10, characterized in that the astigmatism type determination unit comprises a twelfth control unit, the first and second inputs of which are respectively the first and second inputs of the astigmatism type determination unit, a third astigmatic figure formation unit, an astigmatic modification unit figures and the fourth block of image rotation, the output of which is the first output of the astigmatism type determination unit, the fourth rotation angle sensor, the output connected to the second input by the fourth block of the image rotation, the tenth patient reaction formation unit, the input of which is the third input of the astigmatism type determination unit, and the refraction estimation unit in the main meridians, the first output of which is the second output of the astigmatism type determination unit, and the second output is connected to the third input of the twelfth block control, the first, second, third and fourth outputs of the tenth patient response formation unit are connected respectively to the second and third inputs of the astigmatic modification unit figures, the input of the refraction estimation unit in the main meridians and the first input of the fourth rotation angle sensor, the second input of which is the fourth input of the astigmatism type determination unit.

Images