LT4395B - Process for using pure sythesis gas obtained in high-temperature processing of all-kind waste materials - Google Patents

Process for using pure sythesis gas obtained in high-temperature processing of all-kind waste materials Download PDF

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Publication number
LT4395B
LT4395B LT97-169A LT97169A LT4395B LT 4395 B LT4395 B LT 4395B LT 97169 A LT97169 A LT 97169A LT 4395 B LT4395 B LT 4395B
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Lithuania
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
synthesis
gas
carbon monoxide
process according
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LT97-169A
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Lithuanian (lt)
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LT97169A (en
Inventor
Guenter H. Kiss
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Thermoselect Ag
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Publication of LT97169A publication Critical patent/LT97169A/en
Publication of LT4395B publication Critical patent/LT4395B/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J1/00—Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis
    • C10J1/26—Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis using raised temperatures or pressures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
    • C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0986—Catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Invention describes method of use and device for all kind of domestic or industrial waste composing elements, when waste is turned into gas in high temperature and by synthesis obtained unclean gas is being treated by fractional conversion of all such composing elements as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and dioxide, producing such substances suitable for secondary use as water, heavy metals, sulphur, chorine and sodium.

Description

PILNO, BEATLIEKINIO IR MEDŽIAGINIO SINTEZĖS IŠVALYTŲFULL, BREAKFAST AND MATERIAL SYNTHESIS CLEAN

DUJŲ, GAUNAMŲ VISŲ RŪŠIŲ ATLIEKŲGAS FROM ALL KINDS OF WASTE

AUKŠTATEMPERATŪRINIO ANTRINIO PERDIRBIMO METU,HIGH TEMPERATURE RECYCLING,

PANAUDOJIMO BŪDAS.METHOD OF APPLICATION.

Išradimas skirtas atliekų antriniam perdirbimui. Visi žinomi terminiai atliekų pašalinimo būdai pasižymi tuo, kad atsiranda dujų išmetimai į aplinką ir kad dar lieka medžiagos, kurias reikia sandėliuoti.The invention relates to the recycling of waste. All known thermal methods of waste disposal are characterized by the release of gas into the environment and the remaining material that needs to be stored.

Išradime DE 4 130 416 Cl aprašytas terminis atliekų panaudojimo būdas, kuris palyginus su visais žinomais būdais turi žymių ekologinių, ūkinių ir techninių pranašumų. Išsiskiriančios mineralinės granulės yra absoliučiai inertiškos, o geležies lydinius galima panaudoti metalurgijoje. Šio išradimo apibrėžties 11 punkte buvo pasiūlyta naudoti išvalytas sintezės dujas termiškai, t.y. energetikoje; tačiau čia degimo eigoje atsiranda kenksmingos medžiagos, kurios teršia atmosferą. Sintezės dujose esantys sunkieji metalai ir chloro bei fluoro junginiai atskiriami ir atsiranda sunkiųjų metalų sulfido arba jų hidroksidų atliekos, kurias reikia sandėliuoti.DE 4 130 416 Cl discloses a thermal waste recovery process which has significant ecological, economic and technical advantages over all known processes. The precipitated mineral pellets are absolutely inert and the iron alloys can be used in metallurgy. Item 11 of the definition of the present invention suggested the use of purified synthesis gas in a thermal, i.e. energetics; here, however, harmful substances emit during the combustion process, which pollute the atmosphere. Heavy metals and chlorine and fluorine compounds in the synthesis gas are separated and the heavy metal sulfide or their hydroxide waste is generated and needs to be stored.

Nors, naudojant šj būdą, gali susidaryti minimalios kenksmingų nedžiagų koncentracijos, telpančios į visas normas ir instrukcijas, o liekanos, kurias reikia sandėliuoti, tesudaro mažiau nei vieną procentą, bet vis tiek šis būdas neapsaugo nei nuo atliekų, nei nuo kenksmingų medžiagų išmetimo j aplinką.Although this method may result in minimal concentrations of noxious substances that fit all standards and instructions, and the amount of residues that must be stored is less than one percent, it still does not prevent either waste or the release of harmful substances into the environment. .

Siūlomu išradimu siekiama sukurti sintezės išvalytų dujų panaudojimo būdą, neišskiriant jokių kenksmingų medžiagų į aplinką.The object of the present invention is to provide a synthesis of purified gas without emitting any harmful substances into the environment.

Pagal išradimą šis uždavinys išdėstytas išradimo apibrėžties 1 punkto skiriamojoje dalyje.According to the invention, this object is set forth in the preamble of claim 1.

Turintys pranašumų tolesni uždavinio sprendimo variantai ir formos pateiktos žemesniuose išradimo apibrėžties punktuose.Advantageous embodiments and forms of the present invention are set forth in the following claims.

Sutinkamai su išradimu, sintezės išvalytas dujas, kurios atsiranda proceso, aprašyto išradime DE 4 130 416 Cl eigoje, reikia iš dalies konvertuoti į CO2 ir vandenilį. Ypatingai reikia pabrėžti tai, kad pasiliekantis dujų likutis vėl gali būti grąžinamas į aukštos temperatūros reaktorių ir procesas tampa beatliekiniu.In accordance with the invention, the purified gas from the synthesis that results from the process described in DE 4 130 416 Cl needs to be partially converted to CO2 and hydrogen. Of particular note is that the residual gas residue can be returned to the high temperature reactor and the process becomes waste.

Konvertuotos komponentės yra panaudojamos.Converted components are usable.

Viena iš pranašumų turinti išradimo forma numato sintezės dujas, kurios sudarytos pagrindinai iš vandenilio, anglies monoksido ir anglies dioksido, paveikti vandens garais viename bendrame katalitiniame procese tam, kad esantį dujose anglies viendegini pilnai konvertuoti į vandenilį ir anglies dioksidą (CO+H2O->H2+CO2). Šias dujų sudėtines dalis - vandenilį ir anglies dvideginį galima atskirti plačiai žinomais būdais (pvz. įrenginyje “Preasure Swing Adsorption”) ir naudingai panaudoti.One advantageous embodiment of the invention provides a synthesis gas consisting essentially of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which is subjected to a water vapor treatment in a single catalytic process for the complete conversion of carbon monoxide into hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO + H2O-> H2). + CO2). These gas components, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, can be separated in a well known manner (e.g., in a Preasure Swing Adsorption) and utilized usefully.

Anglies dvideginį galima sutankinti, atšaldyti ir panaudoti sauso ledo pavidalu.Carbon dioxide can be compacted, cooled and used in the form of dry ice.

Vandenilį galima panaudoti energetiškai ir/arba kaip cheminę medžiagą. Jeigu vandenilis panaudojamas kaip degi medžiaga arba kuras, tai gaunamas energijos nešiklis, absoliučiai neišskiriantis kenksmingų medžiagų, kadangi, jį naudojant energetiškai, išsiskiria tik vanduo (ŽfL+Ch^IKO).Hydrogen can be used energetically and / or as a chemical. When hydrogen is used as a flammable substance or fuel, it is the energy carrier that produces absolutely no harmful substances, because when used energetically only water is released (ŽfL + Ch ^ IKO).

Jeigu vandenilis naudojamas vietoje gamtinių degių medžiagų, tai išvengiama aplinkos užteršimo, neišvengiamai atsirandandančio, naudojant gamtinį kurą. Kadangi žaliavų, iš kurių išgaunamas gamtinis kuras, kiekis yra ribotas, tai šiuos resursus galima būti} panaudoti prasmingiau.The use of hydrogen as a substitute for naturally flammable materials avoids environmental contamination that inevitably occurs with the use of natural fuels. Because of the limited amount of raw materials that can be extracted from natural fuels, these resources can be used more meaningfully.

Vandenilį galima panaudoti energetiškai elektros srovei gaminti kuro elementuose. Kuro elementai, palyginus su įprastinėmis jėgainėmis, turi ne tik žymiai didesnį naudingo veiksmo koeficientą, bet ir gamina srovę, neišskirdami jokių kenksmingų medžiagų.Hydrogen can be used to generate electricity in fuel cells. Fuel cells not only have a much higher efficiency ratio than conventional power plants, they also generate current without emitting any harmful substances.

Vandenilį galima panaudoti kaip cheminę medžiagą, pvz. sintezės ir hidratavimo būduose. Atliekant organinių medžiagų hidratavimą, prie tam tikros temperatūros ir slėgio atsirandančios organinės molekulės praturtinamos vandeniliu.Hydrogen can be used as a chemical, e.g. in synthesis and hydration techniques. Hydrogenation of organic matter involves hydrogen enrichment of organic molecules at a given temperature and pressure.

Atliekant neorganinių medžiagų hidrataciją, metalų oksidai vandeniliu redukuojami į metalus (pvz. WC>3+3H2-»W+3H2O).During hydration of inorganic materials, metal oxides are reduced to metals by hydrogen (eg WC> 3 + 3H2- »W + 3H2O).

Iš vandenilio ir azoto sintezės būdu galima gaminti amoniaką. Reikia pabrėžti, kad atliekų pavertimui dujomis reikalingas deguonis gaminamas, skaidant orą, ir tuo metu išsiskiria azotas, kurį galima panaudoti ūkyje amoniako sintezei.Hydrogen and nitrogen can be synthesized to produce ammonia. It must be emphasized that the oxygen required to convert waste to gas is produced by the decomposition of air, which produces nitrogen which can be used on the farm for the synthesis of ammonia.

Didelis pranašumas yra tame, kad oro skaidymo įrenginys ir taip jau yra proceso sudėtinė dalis.The big advantage is that the air decomposition unit is already part of the process.

Jeigu vandenilį reikia panaudoti metanolio gamybai, tai turi prasmę esančio sintezės dujose anglies dvideginio konvertavimas, įleidus vandens garus, į vandenilį ir anglies junginį tol, kol sintezės dujose santykis tarp vandenilio ir anglies viendeginio nusistovi ties reikšme 2:1 (dalinis konvertavimas).If hydrogen is to be used to produce methanol, it makes sense to convert carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas to water and carbon to vapor injection until the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas equals 2: 1 (partial conversion).

Anglies dvideginis atskiriamas visuotinai žinomais būdais, vandenilis ir anglies viendeginis paveikiami sinteze ir išsiskiria metanolis.Carbon dioxide is separated in generally known ways, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are treated in the synthesis and methanol is released.

Panaudojus vandenilį kaip cheminį elementą, gaunamos cheminės žaliavos, kurias galima sandėliuoti ir transportuoti bei plačiai naudoti.The use of hydrogen as a chemical element yields chemical raw materials that can be stored, transported and widely used.

Claims (6)

IŠRADIMO APIBRĖŽTISDEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. Pilno, beatliekinio ir medžiaginio sintezės išvalyti! dujų, gaunamų visų rūšių atliekų aukštatemperatūrinio antrinio perdirbimo metu, panaudojimo būdas, besiskiriantis tuo, kad tokiu būdu gautas sintezės išvalytas dujas nepertraukiamai nukreipia į katalitinį procesą su vandens garais ir bent iš dalies konvertuoja sintezės dujose esantį anglies viendeginį j anglies dvideginį ir vandenilį, likutinės dujas grąžina į aukštatemperatūrinį reaktorių, o gautą pagrindinį produktą, sudarytą iš vandenilio, anglies dvideginio ir anglies viendeginio, suskaido į sudėtines dalis - vandenilį ir/arba anglies viendeginį ir/arba anglies dvideginį, ir panaudoja.1. Clean up the complete, waste and material fusion! A method for utilizing the gas obtained by high-temperature recycling of all types of waste, characterized in that the resulting synthesis purified gas is continuously directed to the catalytic process with water vapor and at least partially converts the carbon monoxide and hydrogen residual gases in the synthesis gas is recycled to the high temperature reactor and the resulting basic product consisting of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is decomposed into hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide components and utilized. 2. Būdas pagal 1 punktą, besiskiriantis tuo, kad tokiu būdu gautas sintezės išvalytas dujas nepertraukiamai konvertuoja tol, kol tūrinis santykis tarp vandenilio ir anglies viendeginio pasiekia būtiną metanolio sintezei reikšmę 2:1, atskiria anglies dvideginį, o iš likusio vandenilio - anglies viendeginio mišinio sintezės būdu gauna metanolį (2H2+CO-»CH3OH).2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the synthesized purified gas is continuously converted until the volume ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide reaches the 2: 1 ratio required for methanol synthesis, separates the carbon dioxide and from the remaining hydrogen carbon monoxide mixture. yields methanol (2H2 + CO- »CH3OH) by synthesis. 3. Būdas pagal 1 punktą, besiskiriantis tuo, kad tokiu būdu gautas sintezės išvalytas dujas visiškai konvertuoja į anglies dvideginį ir vandenilį, o gautas medžiagas naudoja atskirai.3. A process according to claim 1, wherein the synthesis purified gas thus obtained is completely converted to carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and the resulting materials are used separately. 4. Būdas pagal 3 punktą, besiskiriantis tuo, kad panaudoja vandenilį amoniako sintezei kartu su azotu, atsirandančiu, kai deguonis, reikalingas aukštatemperatūriniam atliekų pavertimui dujomis, gaunamas, skaidant orą.4. A process according to claim 3, wherein hydrogen is used for the synthesis of ammonia in combination with nitrogen produced when the oxygen required for the high-temperature gasification of the waste gas is obtained by air decomposition. 5. Būdas pagal 3 punktą, besiskiriantis tuo, kad naudoja vandenilį kaip kurą sunkvežimiams, užkraunantiems terminio atliekų apdorojimo įrenginį.5. A process according to claim 3, wherein hydrogen is used as fuel for trucks loading the thermal waste treatment unit. 6. Būdas pagal 3 punktą, besiskiriantis tuo, kad naudoja vandenilį kuro elementuose srovės gamybai.6. A process according to claim 3, wherein hydrogen is used in the fuel cells to generate the current.
LT97-169A 1996-10-29 1997-10-29 Process for using pure sythesis gas obtained in high-temperature processing of all-kind waste materials LT4395B (en)

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DE19644964 1996-10-29

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LT97-170A LT4394B (en) 1996-10-29 1997-10-29 Device and process for using raw synthesis gas obtained in high-temperature processing and specific converting procedures

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BR (1) BR9704119A (en)
DE (1) DE19734488A1 (en)
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JP4224240B2 (en) * 2002-02-07 2009-02-12 株式会社荏原製作所 Liquid fuel synthesis system
KR102086808B1 (en) * 2018-02-05 2020-03-09 서강대학교산학협력단 Method for separately preparing iron oxides and alkaline earth metal chloride from iron-containing mixed metal chloride solution

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4130416C1 (en) 1991-09-10 1992-12-10 Thermoselect Ag, Vaduz, Li

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DE1280226B (en) * 1965-11-15 1968-10-17 Linde Ag Process for the production of ammonia
US3993457A (en) * 1973-07-30 1976-11-23 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Concurrent production of methanol and synthetic natural gas
US5523326A (en) * 1994-10-28 1996-06-04 Uop PSA process with reaction for reversible reactions
DK0742039T3 (en) 1995-05-08 1999-09-13 Thermoselect Ag Device for purifying gases, such as exhaust gases and / or synthesis gases
KR100445363B1 (en) * 1995-11-28 2004-11-03 가부시키 가이샤 에바라 세이사꾸쇼 Waste treatment apparatus and method through vaporization
KR0156088B1 (en) * 1996-04-08 1999-02-18 손영목 Low Temperature Methanol Steam Reformer Adopting Circular Single Reaction Tube

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4130416C1 (en) 1991-09-10 1992-12-10 Thermoselect Ag, Vaduz, Li

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LT97169A (en) 1998-05-25
DE19734488A1 (en) 1998-04-30
BR9704119A (en) 1999-01-05
KR19980033253A (en) 1998-07-25
LT97170A (en) 1998-05-25
KR100520101B1 (en) 2005-12-21
LT4394B (en) 1998-10-26
KR19980033254A (en) 1998-07-25
KR100494498B1 (en) 2005-09-08

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