KR101984259B1 - Method and device for making a topographic map - Google Patents

Abstract

According to a preferred one embodiment of the present invention, a device for generating a topographic diagram receives a photographed image of a specific topography and performs geometric correction by a photogrammetry method and then generates a DEM image and an orthoimage, and an object is identified in the orthoimage to extract altitude information and an altitude change amount of each object is detected in an n number of generated orthoimages to generate the topographic diagram.

Description

Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating a topographic map,

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for generating a topographic map.

The field of using spatial information is a world-wide interest industry, and Internet-based map service and 3D geographic information service are already provided by Google and Microsoft.

In addition, the three-dimensional geographical information software industry market has been developed by functional subdivision. The diversity and expertise of geographic information utilization field creates the application field of geographic information system (GIS) based technology Contributed.

 Analysis techniques using aerial photographs are increasing to generate more realistic and accurate geospatial information by using more accurate analysis tools such as aerial photographs and aerial laser survey data.

In addition, although aerial photographs provide rich texture information for the surface, there are disadvantages such as shadows and undulating displacements. Airborne laser surveying data provides accurate 3D terrain coordinates as points, but does not provide rich texture information . In addition, there is an inconvenience that a person needs to manually take the measurement data of the point form to create a digital topographic map.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, image data is acquired in an area without building altitude information and numerical map to generate a topographic map. In particular, we want to generate a topographic map by automating point survey data.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a topographic map that separates and provides only the objects required for the topographic map based on the object information acquired from the images captured N times in the same area.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the learning information on the object classified primarily through the deep learning-based machine learning, the characteristics of the object are extracted using the variation amount of the altitude information of the object with respect to time, And so on.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a topography in which an interface for correcting the shape of the boundary polygon and correcting the DSM is provided.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topographical map generating apparatus includes an image processing unit for receiving an image captured n times of a specific terrain, performing geometric correction using photogrammetry, and then generating n orthoimages and n DSM images; A feature classifying and classifying unit for identifying an object in each of the n orthoimages and the n DSM images and extracting altitude information of each of the identified objects from the n DSM images; An altitude change detection unit for detecting an altitude change amount based on n or less altitude information values of each of the objects extracted from the feature classification and automatic classification unit; And a topographic map generation unit for generating a topographic map based on the altitude change amount of each of the n or less altitude information values and each of the objects.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the generated topographic map further displays a boundary polygon indicating a boundary of the terrain or the detected object. And a shape correction interface for receiving a correction input for correcting the boundary polygon in this case.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topographic map generation apparatus further comprises a dsm correction interface for receiving a correction input for correcting the dsm data of the object identified in the corrected image.
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topographic map generation unit stores the object identification information, the coordinate information of the object, and the altitude information of the object as attribute information for each of the detected objects and maps the attribute information. Wherein the coordinate information of the object is extracted from a boundary polygon indicating a boundary of the object, and when the boundary polygon is corrected through the shape correction interface, the topographic map generation unit obtains coordinate information of the object of the attribute information or altitude information of the object And corrects the generated topographical map by updating the corrected coordinate information extracted from the corrected boundary polygon.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, only an object whose variation amount of the altitude information is equal to or less than a preset value is displayed on the topographical map.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of change in the amount of flow of the steel is calculated based on the amount of change in the altitude information, and is displayed on the topographical map.
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topographic map generation device simultaneously photographs each of the divided regions divided by the specific terrain in parallel by a plurality of drones, and in this case, the number of the plurality of drones, The resolution to take the divided area, and the flightable time of each of the drone.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topographical map generating apparatus provides the topographical map generated by the topographical map generating unit in the web server.
According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating a topographic map comprising: receiving an image of a specific terrain taken by an image processor, performing geometrical correction using photogrammetry, and then generating an orthoimage and a DSM image; Identifying an object based on the orthoimage image and the DSM image in the feature classification and automatic classification unit, and extracting altitude information of each of the identified objects from the DSM image; Detecting an altitude change amount in the altitude change amount detection unit based on altitude information of each of the n or less objects extracted by the feature type segmentation and automatic classification unit n times; And generating the topographic map in the topographic map generation unit based on the altitude information of each of the objects based on the DSM image and the altitude change amount of each object.

According to the present invention, there is an advantage that the topographic map can be generated by acquiring image data through an unmanned aerial photographing apparatus in an area where there is no building altitude information and numerical map.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topographical map generating apparatus has an effect of minimizing errors such as shadows, undulating displacements and the like through n photographs and providing topographical maps with minimized errors due to moving objects.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topographical data generating apparatus is capable of rapidly collecting data for the same time by flying a plurality of drones in parallel at the same time under similar natural environmental conditions.

1 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a topographical map generating apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows an example in which a flight control unit divides a specific terrain into k, and controls each of the divided regions to take an image.
FIG. 3 shows a topographic map generated by a topographic map generation unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and illustrates an example of correcting a boundary polygon that displays a terrain or a boundary of a detected object in the generated topographic map.
Fig. 4 shows a flowchart for generating a topographic map in a topographical map generating apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
1 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a topographical map generating apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The topographic map generation apparatus 100 includes a terminal, a device, and a server that receive an image through wired / wireless communication, detect an object in the image through image processing, and calculate and process an altitude change amount of the detected object .
Examples of the topographic map generation apparatus 100 include a web server, a web application, an application, a terminal, a handheld device, a wearable device, a robot, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a smart watch, a smart TV, a tablet, .
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topographical map generation method provided by the topographical map generation apparatus 100 may be implemented in the form of an application, and the terminal that installs the application may be capable of generating and correcting the topographical map.
1, the topographic map generation apparatus 100 includes an image processing unit 110, a feature classification and automatic classification unit 120, an altitude variation detection unit 122, a boundary polygon extraction unit 130, a DEM generation unit 132 And a topographic map generating unit 140. [ And may further include a flight control unit (not shown).
The image processing unit 110 receives an image of a specific terrain and performs geometric correction using the photogrammetric method in the photogrammetric method correction unit 114 and then generates an orthoimage image generated by the orthoimage projection method through the orthomorphic image generation unit 115 And generates a digital surface model (DSM image) through the DSM generator 116 or the n DSM generator 118. The DSM image is a model representing all the information in the real world, ie, terrain, trees, buildings, and artificial structures.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the image processing unit 110 can receive a photographed image obtained by photographing a specific terrain n times with respect to time. The image processing unit 110 may photograph the same specific terrain n times and distinguish the objects that are continuously detected from the generated n ortho images and the objects that are detected discontinuously. The image processing unit 110 can extract the exact shape of the object by analyzing the pixel data of each object detected from the corrected image by the photogrammetry method correction unit 114. [
The feature classifying and automatic classification unit 120 classifies the terrain or object in the image based on n DSM images or n orthoimages generated based on the photographed images captured n times for a specific terrain, Automatically classify separated terrain or objects.
The altitude change amount detection unit 122 detects an altitude variation amount of the terrain or the ground based on at least one DSM image or at least one ortho image among n DSM images or n ortho images obtained from the captured image captured n times of the specific terrain Can be detected.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topographic map generation apparatus 100 further includes a flight control unit (not shown) for dividing a specific terrain into k and controlling each of the plurality of drones to simultaneously photograph each of the divided regions in parallel .
The boundary polygon extracting unit 130 refers to the terrain and object automatically classified by the feature sorting and automatic classification unit 120 and the altitude variation data of the terrain and the ground detected through the altitude variation detecting unit 122, Can be extracted.
When the boundary polygon is extracted, the DEM generation unit 132 generates a digital elevation model (DEM) image. The DEM image is the elevation value only for the topography that does not include vegetation and artifacts, and the height value of the river or lake represents the water surface.
The topographic map generation unit 140 generates a topographic map by referring to the DEM image generated by the DEM generation unit 132, and displays the generated topographic map on the display. In this case, the boundary polygon extracted by the boundary polygon extracting unit 130 is displayed on the topographic map through the boundary polygon display unit 142, and the shape correction interface 144 or the DSM correction interface 146 is provided to the user, You can manually make corrections to the wrong parts and the wrong parts of the DSM.
Referring to FIG. 2, the flight control unit shows one embodiment in which seven drones are simultaneously shot in parallel along each of the flight paths (S201 to S207), with each of the divided topographic regions divided into seven regions.
The flight control unit can set the number of the plurality of drones photographing the specific terrain in consideration of the photographing area of the specific terrain, the amount of light, the resolution to photograph the divided area, and the flightable time of each of the drones. Area, the flight path of each dron, and the like. The flight control unit may provide the captured image to the image processing unit 110 after photographing the specific terrain divided by k times n times.
The flight control unit can divide the specific terrain into a plurality of divided regions based on the characteristics of the terrain based on the captured image obtained by roughly photographing the specific terrain. In one embodiment, if there is a river in a particular terrain, the river zone can be divided into segmented zones and the flight path can be set so that one dron can only photograph the river zone along the river path.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the image processing unit 110 receives k images from each of the k regions at a first time and transmits k images received through the photogrammetric method corrector 114 using the photogrammetry technique A first orthoimage corresponding to the first imaging time is generated, and a second orthoimage corresponding to the second imaging time is generated in the same manner, and an nth orthoimage is generated at the nth imaging time . In this case, the image processing unit 110 can generate one DSM image based on at least one of the n photographing images or the n ortho images.
For example, referring to FIG. 2, a first orthoimage is generated by receiving seven images in each of seven regions S201 to S207 at time t1, a second orthoimage is generated in a similar manner at time t2, the n-th orthoimage can be generated at time tn.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the image processing unit 110 generates n orthoimages or n DSM images, and then outputs the data of the feature classification and automatic classification unit 120 and the altitude change amount detection unit 122 To generate one DEM image.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feature classifying and automatic classifying unit 120 classifies features by machine learning in n ortho images or n DSM images generated by the image processor 110, And altitude information can be extracted for each object through the altitude change amount detector 122. [
The feature classification and automatic classification unit 120 performs object detection and classification on n orthoimages through machine learning. Then, altitude information or coordinate information can be mapped to each of the identified objects. A method of identifying an object in an orthoimage can use machine learning to detect an object. At the time of machine learning, coordinate information of a pixel constituting an object, color information of a pixel, altitude information of a pixel, and the like can be used.
The feature classifying and automatic classifying unit 120 can recognize that the object has moved or disappeared when the detected object has less than n altitude information. For example, an object P is detected at (x1, y1) to (x2, y2) in three orthoimages of five orthoimages, but in the fourth and fifth orthoimages (x1 ', y1' If the object P is not detected at the point (x2 ', y2') and the neighboring point, it can be understood that the object has moved or disappeared.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feature classifying and automatic classification unit 120 extracts altitude information only when each object has altitude information of a predetermined number or more, and has altitude information of less than a predetermined number The altitude information may not be extracted. The object for which the altitude information has not been extracted may be deleted when the topographic map generation unit 140 generates the topographic map.
The feature classifying and automatic classification unit 120 extracts altitude information from the altitude change amount detection unit 122 only when the object has altitude information of a predetermined number or more. In this case, if there is more than a predetermined number of altitude information based on the latest viewpoint, it is determined that the object exists and altitude information is extracted.
As an example, when the images were taken five times in June, July, August, September and October, the objects were detected in the orthoimages taken in June, July and August. Objects not detected in the orthoimage taken in the month may not use the related information when generating the topographical map.
As another embodiment, when the image was taken five times in June, July, August, September and October, the object was not present in June and July, but in August, September and October Objects not detected in orthographic images taken in January can be added to the topographic map generation. In this case, it is possible to indicate that a new object has been created by indicating that the object is detected only in some of n images in the topographic map. In the above embodiment, the orthoimage is photographed in the unit of one month, but it should be noted that the orthoimage can be photographed at various time intervals such as minute, hour, and week.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the variation detection unit 130 detects an altitude change amount based on altitude information of each object extracted in n orthoimages. The change detection unit 130 can detect only the change amount of the altitude information or calculate the change amount of the altitude information according to the change amount of time. The change detection unit 130 may classify the object as a moving object when the altitude variation rate is high. The change amount detection unit 130 can also detect changes in the flow amount of the steel, occurrence of landslides, avalanche, flooding, and the like based on the change amount of the altitude information. Also, the change amount detection unit 130 can display the detected change amounts together in the topographical map. The display method includes text, color, voice, and the like.
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the topographic map generation unit 140 generates a topographic map based on altitude information values of n or less altitude information items and altitude change amounts of each of the objects, respectively, Create a topographic map.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the topographic map generation unit 140 may generate the topographic information of the object selectively extracted from the orthogonal image and the contour information obtained from the DEM image, and the DEM image generated by the DEM generating unit 132 To create a topographic map. The topographic map generation unit 140 can selectively use altitude information values of m objects detected as m objects (m is a natural number equal to or less than n) that are estimated to be the same object in n orthoimages. If there are less than m objects estimated to be the same object in n orthoimages, information related to the object can be selectively excluded.
The topographic map generation unit 140 may include a boundary polygon display unit 142 and a DSM correction interface 146. The boundary polygonal display unit 142 may further include a shape correction interface 144. [
FIG. 3 shows a topographic map generated by the topographic map generation unit 140, and a boundary polygon 310a, 310b, 310c indicating a boundary of the detected terrain or the detected object is further displayed on the generated topographic map.
3, the topographical map generation unit 140 may further display boundary polygons 310a, 310b, and 310c indicating boundary portions of the terrain or the detected object. You can also display more information on the topographic map.
The topographical map generation unit 140 may provide a shape correction interface 144 that allows the user to modify the boundary polygons 310a, 310b, and 310c when displaying the boundary polygons 310a, 310b, and 310c. The user can correct the shape of the object using the shape correction interface 144, and if the user corrects the shape of the object, the boundary polygons 320a, 320b, and 320c can be corrected accordingly.
Likewise, the topographic map generator 140 may provide the user with a dsm calibration interface 146 that receives a calibration input that corrects the dsm data, and if the user corrects the dsm data, the DSM image may be corrected accordingly .
To this end, the topographic map generation unit 140 stores object identification information, coordinate information of the object, and altitude information of the object as attribute information for each object of the created topographic map, and maps the attribute information. In this case, the initial coordinate information of the object can be extracted from the boundary polygon indicating the boundary of the object. When the boundary polygon or the dsm data is corrected through the shape correction interface 144 or the dsm correction interface 146, the topographic map generation unit 140 outputs the coordinate information of the object mapped to the attribute information or the altitude information of the object to the corrected boundary polygon Updating the altitude information based on the extracted correction coordinate information or the corrected dsm data, and correcting the generated topographic map.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of dividing a specific terrain into k and taking a divided image in a plurality of drone or a plurality of unmanned aerial photographing apparatuses.
When the natural environment condition changes when photographing a specific terrain, errors frequently occur in the DSM image or the orthoimage image. Especially, the clouds at the time of shooting, the changes of the soil of the river, the changes of agricultural lands, and the shadows of the slopes of the sun have been pointed out as the main causes of errors in DSM images or orthoimages.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the natural environment conditions for photographing a specific terrain are set to be as close as possible, and the k regions (S201 to S207) The error of the DSM image or orthoimage image caused by the error can be reduced and improved.
Fig. 4 shows a flowchart for generating a topographic map in a topographical map generating apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The topographic map generation device receives an image of a specific terrain taken by the image processing unit, performs geometric correction using photogrammetry, and then generates an orthoimage image and a DSM image (S410).
The altitude information extracting unit identifies the objects in the ortho and DSM images generated by the image processing unit, and extracts the altitude information of each of the identified objects (S420). In this case, the altitude information extracting unit can extract n or less altitude information for each of the objects extracted from each of the n image devices that have photographed the specific terrain n times, and the altitude change amount is detected using the change amount detecting unit S430).
Then, the topographic map generation unit generates a topographic map based on the altitude information of each object based on the contour information, the orthoimage, or the DSM image obtained from the DEM image and the altitude variation of each object at step S440.
While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

An image processing unit receiving an image captured n times of a specific terrain and performing geometric correction by photogrammetry and generating n orthoimages and n DSM images;
A feature classifying and classifying unit for identifying an object in each of the n orthoimages and the n DSM images and extracting altitude information of each of the identified objects from the n DSM images;
An altitude change amount detecting unit for detecting an altitude change amount based on n or less altitude information values of each of the objects extracted by the feature type segmentation and automatic classification unit;
And a topographic map generation unit for generating a topographic map based on the altitude change amounts of each of the objects, the altitude information values of n or less of each of the objects obtained on the basis of the n DSM images,
Calculating a variation amount of the flow amount of the steel based on the altitude change amount when there is a steel in the specific topography and displaying a variation amount of the flow amount calculated in the topography. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the generated topographic map further displays a boundary polygon indicating a boundary of the terrain or the detected object. 3. The method of claim 2,
And a shape correction interface for receiving a correction input for correcting the boundary polygon. The method according to claim 1,
And a dsm correction interface that receives a correction input that corrects the dsm data of the identified object. The method of claim 3,
The topographic map generation unit stores object identification information, coordinate information of the object, and altitude information of the object as attribute information for each detected object,
In this case, the coordinate information of the object is extracted from a boundary polygon indicating the boundary of the object, and if the boundary polygon is corrected through the shape correction interface, the topographic map generation unit generates coordinate information of the object of the attribute information, And corrects the generated topographic map by updating the corrected coordinate information extracted from the boundary polygons corrected for altitude information. 2. The method of claim 1,
Wherein only the object information having the altitude variation value within a predetermined range is used among the objects having the altitude information value of m (m <n). delete The method according to claim 1,
The number of the drone is divided into a number of drone, a number of drone, a number of drone, and a number of drones. In this case, And determining a possible time of flight. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the web server provides the topographic map generated by the topographic map generating unit. Generating an orthoimage image and a DSM image by performing geometric correction using photogrammetry upon receiving an image of a specific terrain taken by the image processing unit;
Identifying an object based on the orthoimage image and the DSM image in the feature classification and automatic classification unit, and extracting altitude information of each of the identified objects from the DSM image;
Detecting an altitude change amount in the altitude change amount detection unit based on altitude information of each of the n or less objects extracted by the feature type segmentation and automatic classification unit n times;
And generating a topographic map in the topographic map generation unit based on the altitude information of each of the objects based on the uniform image information obtained from the DEM image and the DSM image,
Calculating a variation amount of the flow amount of the steel based on the altitude change amount when there is a steel in the specific topography and displaying the variation amount of the flow amount calculated in the topography.

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