JPH04138155A - Urinary incontinence detector - Google Patents
Urinary incontinence detectorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04138155A JPH04138155A JP2262810A JP26281090A JPH04138155A JP H04138155 A JPH04138155 A JP H04138155A JP 2262810 A JP2262810 A JP 2262810A JP 26281090 A JP26281090 A JP 26281090A JP H04138155 A JPH04138155 A JP H04138155A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- urinary incontinence
- urine
- state
- metallic terminals
- electromotive voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Audible And Visible Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は尿失禁検知器に関し、詳しくは肢体障害者など
が自分自身で尿失禁の有無を認知したり、赤ちゃんの排
尿状況を認知したり、或いは寝たきり患者などの尿失禁
状況をナースセンターの看護婦や寝たきり患者の在宅ケ
アを行っている介護者が認知するために利用される尿失
禁検知器に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a urinary incontinence detector, and more specifically, it is used for people with physical disabilities to recognize the presence or absence of urinary incontinence by themselves, or to recognize the urinary status of a baby. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a urinary incontinence detector that is used by a nurse at a nursing center or a caregiver who provides home care for a bedridden patient to recognize the state of urinary incontinence in a bedridden patient.
〔従来の技術］
交通事故などに起因するを髄損傷者の一部の者は膀胱頚
部筋および外尿道節約筋の機能が不十分であるため、蓄
尿限度を越えた段階から尿失禁する。このような場合、
上肢体Ｓ！能がある程度以上残存していれば、本人の注
意と努力により集尿器に頼らず、自分自身での処理が可
能であることが少な（ない。特に、彼らの中で人と接す
る機会の多い職業に携わる者、いわゆる動労肢体障害者
では、集尿器を装着使用する煩わしさと臭気が精神的な
負担となっており、何等かの対応が必要となっていた。[Prior Art] Some people with spinal cord injuries caused by traffic accidents, etc., have insufficient function of the bladder neck muscles and external urethral sparing muscles, and therefore experience urinary incontinence once the urine storage limit is exceeded. In such a case,
Upper limb body S! If the patient still has a certain amount of urinary capacity remaining, it is often possible to treat the urine on their own without relying on a urinary collector through their own care and effort. For people engaged in occupations, so-called people with physical disabilities due to physical exertion, the trouble and odor of wearing and using urinary collectors places a mental burden on them, and some kind of countermeasure is needed.
そこで、本出願人は先に出願した実開平１−１７８０１
６号公報に開示した尿失禁報知器を提案している。Therefore, the present applicant applied for the previously filed U.S. Pat.
A urinary incontinence alarm device disclosed in Publication No. 6 is proposed.
この尿失禁検知器は、尿失禁したことを第三者に知られ
ることなく、使用者が自分自身で尿失禁の有無を認知で
きるようにしたものであり、特殊な装置を自分だけが使
用しているという疎外感、及び動作時に尿失禁したこと
を第三者に知られるという心理的圧迫から解放されて利
用し易いものとなっている。This urinary incontinence detector allows users to identify whether they are incontinent without letting third parties know that they have urinary incontinence. This makes it easier to use as it frees you from the feeling of alienation caused by being incontinent during exercise and from the psychological pressure of having a third party know that you are incontinent during exercise.
ところで、上述した公知の尿失禁検知器は、尿失禁時に
尿失禁検出部材の金属端子間が尿によって短絡状態とな
ることを利用し、その短絡状態を検出して尿失禁状態を
報知しようとするものである。この種、尿失禁検知器は
病院や各種福祉施設などでの利用者からの様々な要望に
より、今後益々開発される傾同にある。By the way, the above-mentioned known urinary incontinence detector utilizes the fact that urine causes a short circuit between the metal terminals of the urinary incontinence detection member during urinary incontinence, detects the short circuit state, and attempts to notify the urinary incontinence state. It is something. This type of urinary incontinence detector is likely to be developed more and more in the future in response to various requests from users at hospitals and various welfare facilities.
そこで、本発明は、上記尿失禁検出部材の金属端子に着
目して開発されたもので、その目的とするところは、上
記金属端子間での尿による短絡現象とは異なる別の現象
を利用した新規な尿失禁検知器を提供することにある。Therefore, the present invention was developed focusing on the metal terminals of the urinary incontinence detection member, and its purpose is to utilize a phenomenon different from the short-circuit phenomenon caused by urine between the metal terminals. An object of the present invention is to provide a novel urinary incontinence detector.
〔課題を解決するための手段］
本発明における上記目的を達成するための技術的手段は
、尿失禁検出部材により尿失禁検出回路を作動させて尿
失禁状態を検出し、この尿失禁検出回路の出力信号によ
り尿失禁報知装置を作動させて尿失禁状態を報知するも
のにおいて、上記尿失禁検出部材は、尿によって電位差
が生じてこの電位差で起電圧を生成する異なる二種の金
属材料の組合せからなり、その起電圧に基づいて尿失禁
検出回路を作動させる離隔近接自在な独立した一対の金
属端子であることを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems] The technical means for achieving the above object of the present invention is to detect a state of urinary incontinence by activating a urinary incontinence detection circuit using a urinary incontinence detection member, and to detect the urinary incontinence detection circuit. In a device that operates a urinary incontinence alarm device using an output signal to notify a state of urinary incontinence, the urinary incontinence detection member is made of a combination of two different metal materials that generate a potential difference due to urine and generate an electromotive force from this potential difference. The urinary incontinence detection circuit is activated based on the electromotive voltage generated by the urinary incontinence detection circuit.
本発明に係る尿失禁検知器では、尿失禁時、尿失禁検出
部材を構成する金属端子間が尿で濡れると、その金属端
子間に電位差が住じて起電圧が生成され、この起電圧に
基づいて尿失禁検出回路を作動させて尿失禁状態を検出
する。In the urinary incontinence detector according to the present invention, when the metal terminals constituting the urinary incontinence detection member become wet with urine during urinary incontinence, a potential difference exists between the metal terminals and an electromotive voltage is generated. Based on this, the urinary incontinence detection circuit is activated to detect the urinary incontinence state.
本発明に係る尿失禁検知器の実施例を第１図及び第２図
を参照しながら説明する。An embodiment of the urinary incontinence detector according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
第１図及び第２図に示す尿失禁検知器において（１）は
本発明の特徴である尿失禁検出部材で、棒状或いは板状
からなる一対の金属端子（２）（３）で構成される。こ
の金属端子（２）（３）は尿によって電位差が生じて起
電圧を生成する異なる二種の金属材料の組合わせからな
る。この金属端子（２）（３）の組合わせには、例えば
、アルミに対して金、銀、銅や、鉄に対して金、銀、銅
、亜鉛などがあり、本出願人が行った実験結果によれば
、金属端子（２）（３）間での発電容量としては、金と
アルミの場合、０．０９Ｖで２３μＡ、銀とアルミの場
合、０．０４Ｖで１０μＡ、銅とアルミの場合、０．０
６Ｖで１５μＡが得られ、金と鉄の場合０．２■で５０
μＡ、銀と鉄の場合、０．１８Ｖで４０μＡ、銅と鉄の
場合、０．０７Ｖで２０μＡ、亜鉛と鉄の場合、０．０
２Ｖで５μＡが得られた。いずれも後述する尿失禁検出
回路のスイッチングトランジスタを作動させるのに充分
な発電容量である。尚、この金属端子（２）（３）の組
合わせは、上記以外のものでも可能であるが、上記スイ
ッチングトランジスタを作動させるのに最小限必要な発
電容量を確保する必要がある。（４）は上記尿失禁検出
部材（１）の金属端子（２）（３）とリード線（５）（
６）で電気的に接続された尿失禁報知装置で、尿失禁検
出回路（７）、発光ダイオード（８）及び電池（９）で
構成されて、例えばケース（１０）内に組込まれる。上
記尿失禁検出回路（７）はスイッチングトランジスタ（
１１）と出力トランジスタ（１２） 、及び抵抗（１３
） （１４）で回路構成されている。具体的には、ス
イッチングトランジスタ（１１）のベースが一方の金属
端子（２）に接続され、そのエミッタ及びコレクタが抵
抗（１３） （１４）を介して電池（９）のプラス側
及びマイナス側に夫々接続される。また、出力トランジ
スタ（１２）のベースがスイッチングトランジスタ（１
１）のコレクタに接続され、そのコレクタが発光ダイオ
ード（８）を介して電池（９）のプラス側に、エミッタ
が電池（９）のマイナス側に夫々接続される、尚、他方
の金属端子（３）はスイッチングトランジスタ （１１
）のコレクタ及び出力トランジスタ（１２）のエミッタ
と共に電池（９）のマイナス側に接続される。尚、上述
した金属端子（２）（３）が、アルミに対して金、銀、
銅の組合わせや、鉄に対して金、銀、銅、亜鉛の組合わ
せからなる場合、電池（９）のマイナス側に接続された
一方の金属端子（３）はアルミ、鉄製のものとなる。In the urinary incontinence detector shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, (1) is a urinary incontinence detection member that is a feature of the present invention, and is composed of a pair of rod-shaped or plate-shaped metal terminals (2) and (3). . The metal terminals (2) and (3) are made of a combination of two different metal materials that generate an electromotive voltage due to a potential difference caused by urine. Combinations of these metal terminals (2) and (3) include, for example, gold, silver, and copper for aluminum, and gold, silver, copper, and zinc for iron. According to the results, the power generation capacity between metal terminals (2) and (3) is 23 μA at 0.09 V for gold and aluminum, 10 μA at 0.04 V for silver and aluminum, and 10 μA at 0.04 V for copper and aluminum. ,0.0
15 μA is obtained at 6 V, and 50 μA at 0.2 ■ for gold and iron.
μA, for silver and iron, 40μA at 0.18V, for copper and iron, 20μA at 0.07V, for zinc and iron, 0.0
5 μA was obtained at 2V. Both have sufficient power generation capacity to operate the switching transistor of the urinary incontinence detection circuit, which will be described later. Although combinations of the metal terminals (2) and (3) other than those described above are possible, it is necessary to ensure the minimum required power generation capacity to operate the switching transistor. (4) is the metal terminal (2) (3) of the urinary incontinence detection member (1) and the lead wire (5) (
6) is an electrically connected urinary incontinence alarm device, which is composed of a urinary incontinence detection circuit (7), a light emitting diode (8), and a battery (9), and is incorporated into, for example, a case (10). The urinary incontinence detection circuit (7) has a switching transistor (
11), output transistor (12), and resistor (13)
) (14). Specifically, the base of the switching transistor (11) is connected to one metal terminal (2), and its emitter and collector are connected to the positive and negative sides of the battery (9) via resistors (13) and (14). are connected to each other. Further, the base of the output transistor (12) is connected to the switching transistor (1
The other metal terminal ( 3) is a switching transistor (11
) and the emitter of the output transistor (12) are connected to the negative side of the battery (9). It should be noted that the metal terminals (2) and (3) mentioned above are made of gold, silver, aluminum, etc.
In the case of a combination of copper or a combination of iron with gold, silver, copper, and zinc, one metal terminal (3) connected to the negative side of the battery (9) is made of aluminum or iron. .
上記構成からなる尿失禁検知器の使用時での動作を以下
に具体的に説明する。The operation of the urinary incontinence detector having the above configuration when in use will be specifically described below.
まず、尿失禁検出部材（１）を尿失禁が最も的確に検出
できる身体部位に配置する。具体的には、上記尿失禁検
出部材（１）の金属端子（２）（３）が棒状の場合、患
者が装着する紙オムツなどの所定部位に上記金属端子（
２）（３）を挿し込めばよい、この時、尿量などの尿失
禁状態に応じて金属端子（２）（３）の離隔距離を所望
値に設定すればよく、これにより尿失禁状態の検出時期
を簡単に調整することができる。一方、尿失禁報知装置
（４）を組込んだケース（１０）は患者自身が装着する
か或いは患者近辺の所定箇所、例えばベツドなどに取付
けるようにしてもよい、また、病院などに設置されたナ
ースコール装置に接続することも可能であり、その場合
には上記尿失禁報知装置（４）にナースコール装置接続
用の切換えスイッチ及び出力端子を設けておく必要があ
る。First, the urinary incontinence detection member (1) is placed at a body part where urinary incontinence can be detected most accurately. Specifically, when the metal terminals (2) and (3) of the urinary incontinence detection member (1) are rod-shaped, the metal terminals (
2) and (3) can be inserted. At this time, the separation distance between the metal terminals (2) and (3) can be set to a desired value depending on the state of urinary incontinence such as urine volume. The detection timing can be easily adjusted. On the other hand, the case (10) incorporating the urinary incontinence alarm device (4) may be worn by the patient himself or may be attached to a predetermined location near the patient, such as the bed. It is also possible to connect to a nurse call device, and in that case, the urinary incontinence alarm device (4) needs to be provided with a changeover switch and an output terminal for connection to the nurse call device.
この状態で尿失禁時、尿失禁検出部材（１，）の金属端
子（２）（３）間が尿によって濡れると、上記金属端子
（２）（３）間に電位差が生じて起電圧が生成され、こ
の起電圧に基づいて尿失禁検出回路（７）を作動させて
尿失禁状態を検出する。具体的には、金属端子（２）（
３）間に生成された起電圧により尿失禁検出回路（７）
のスイッチングトランジスタ（１１）のベース電流が流
れてそのスイッチングトランジスタ（１１）がＯＮする
、このスイッチングトランジスタ（１１）のＯＮにより
出力トランジスタ（１２）のベース電流が流れてその出
力トランジスタ（１２）がＯＮする。この出力トランジ
スタ（１２）のＯＮにより尿失禁状態が検出されて発光
ダイオード（８）が発光動作し、尿失禁状態を患者自身
或いは看護婦などの介護者に報知する。この尿失禁検知
器では、尿失禁検出回路（７）のスイッチングトランジ
スタ（１１）をＯＮさせるためのベース電流を金属端子
（２）（３）間に生成された起電圧でもって供給してい
るので、その分、電池（９）による電源電圧の消耗が抑
えられて長寿命化が図れる。尚、上記尿失禁検出回路（
７）のスイッチングトランジスタ（１１）のベースには
、金属端子（２）（３）間が尿で漏れる時以外電圧が印
加されない状態にある。上記尿失禁検知器では、金属端
子（２）（３）を構成する金属材料の組合わせを適宜選
定することにより、尿失禁時、金属端子（２）（３）間
に生成される起電圧を調整することができ、所望の検出
感度に設定することが容易に行える。During urinary incontinence in this state, when the metal terminals (2) and (3) of the urinary incontinence detection member (1,) become wet with urine, a potential difference occurs between the metal terminals (2) and (3), and an electromotive voltage is generated. Based on this electromotive voltage, the urinary incontinence detection circuit (7) is activated to detect the urinary incontinence state. Specifically, metal terminal (2) (
3) Urinary incontinence detection circuit (7) using the electromotive force generated between
The base current of the switching transistor (11) flows and the switching transistor (11) is turned on. When the switching transistor (11) is turned on, the base current of the output transistor (12) flows and the output transistor (12) is turned on. do. When the output transistor (12) is turned on, a urinary incontinence state is detected and the light emitting diode (8) operates to emit light, thereby notifying the patient or a caregiver such as a nurse of the urinary incontinence state. In this urinary incontinence detector, the base current for turning on the switching transistor (11) of the urinary incontinence detection circuit (7) is supplied by the electromotive force generated between the metal terminals (2) and (3). Accordingly, consumption of power supply voltage by the battery (9) is suppressed, and the life of the battery (9) can be extended. In addition, the above urinary incontinence detection circuit (
No voltage is applied to the base of the switching transistor (11) in item 7) except when urine leaks between the metal terminals (2) and (3). In the above urinary incontinence detector, by appropriately selecting the combination of metal materials constituting the metal terminals (2) and (3), the electromotive force generated between the metal terminals (2) and (3) during urinary incontinence can be reduced. It can be adjusted and easily set to a desired detection sensitivity.
尚、上記実施例では、尿失禁状態の報知手段に発光ダイ
オード（８）を用いた場合について説明したが、使用状
況に応じて上記発光ダイオード（８）の代わりに電子ブ
ザー等の音響発生器や振り子付き小型モータ等の振動発
生器などを用い、音響或いは振動による報知手段を採用
してもよい。In the above embodiment, a light emitting diode (8) is used as a means for notifying the state of urinary incontinence. However, depending on the usage situation, a sound generator such as an electronic buzzer or a sound generator such as an electronic buzzer may be used instead of the light emitting diode (8). Sound or vibration notification means may also be employed, using a vibration generator such as a small motor with a pendulum.
また、尿失禁報知装置（４）には、装置が正常に動作す
るか否かを確認するための動作確認スイッチや、発光ダ
イオード（８）、電子ブザー或いは振動発生器などの動
作を途中で停止させるための停止スイッチなどを組込ん
でお（ことも可能である。In addition, the urinary incontinence alarm device (4) includes an operation confirmation switch to check whether the device is working properly, a light emitting diode (8), an electronic buzzer, a vibration generator, etc. that can be stopped midway through operation. It is also possible to incorporate a stop switch etc.
更に、金！Ｉ４端子（２）（３）からなる尿失禁検出部
材（１）とケース（１０）内に組込まれた尿失禁報知装
置（４）との接続を有線式で行う以外にも、無線式で行
うことも可能であり、その場合、上記尿失禁検出部材（
１）と尿失禁報知装置（４）の双方に、送受信回路及び
送受信用アンテナなどを付設する。このような無線式の
尿失禁検知器では、使用時における配線の引き回しを回
避できる点でその使用上好ましい。Furthermore, gold! The connection between the urinary incontinence detection member (1) consisting of I4 terminals (2) and (3) and the urinary incontinence alarm device (4) built into the case (10) is performed not only by wired connection but also by wireless connection. In that case, the urinary incontinence detection member (
A transmitting/receiving circuit, a transmitting/receiving antenna, etc. are attached to both the urinary incontinence alarm device (1) and the urinary incontinence alarm device (4). Such a wireless urinary incontinence detector is preferable in terms of use because it can avoid wiring during use.
本発明に係る尿失禁検知器によれば、尿失禁検出部材を
、尿によって電位差が生じてこの電位差で起電圧を生成
する異なる二種の金属材料の組合せからなる一対の金属
端子で構成したから、尿失禁時、金属端子間に生成され
た起電圧でもって検出回路を作動させることができ、上
記起電圧を電源電圧の一部として使用することになって
その分電源電圧の消耗が抑えられて長寿命化が図れ、そ
の実用的価値大なる尿失禁検知器を提供できる。According to the urinary incontinence detector according to the present invention, the urinary incontinence detection member is constituted by a pair of metal terminals made of a combination of two different metal materials that generate a potential difference due to the urine and generate an electromotive force from this potential difference. During urinary incontinence, the detection circuit can be activated by the electromotive force generated between the metal terminals, and the electromotive force is used as part of the power supply voltage, which reduces consumption of the power supply voltage. It is possible to provide a urinary incontinence detector that has a long life and has great practical value.
第１図は本発明に係る尿失禁検知器の一実施例を示す回
路図、第２図は第１図の尿失禁検知器の外観を示す正面
図である。
（１） −尿失禁検出部材、
（２）（３）−金属端子、
（４） −尿失禁報知装置、
（７）−・−尿失禁検出回路。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the urinary incontinence detector according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view showing the external appearance of the urinary incontinence detector shown in FIG. (1) - Urinary incontinence detection member, (2) (3) - Metal terminal, (4) - Urinary incontinence alarm device, (7) - Urinary incontinence detection circuit.
Claims (1)
て尿失禁状態を検出し、この尿失禁検出回路の出力信号
により尿失禁報知装置を作動させて尿失禁状態を報知す
るものにおいて、 上記尿失禁検出部材は、尿によって電位差が生じてこの
電位差で起電圧を生成する異なる二種の金属材料の組合
せからなり、その起電圧に基づいて尿失禁検出回路を作
動させる離隔近接自在な独立した一対の金属端子である
ことを特徴とする尿失禁検知器。(1) In the device in which the urinary incontinence detection circuit is activated by the urinary incontinence detection member to detect the urinary incontinence state, and the urinary incontinence notification device is activated by the output signal of the urinary incontinence detection circuit to notify the urinary incontinence state, the above-mentioned The urinary incontinence detection member is made of a combination of two different metal materials that generate an electromotive force due to a potential difference caused by the urine, and is an independent member that can be separated or brought close to the user. A urinary incontinence detector characterized by having a pair of metal terminals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2262810A JPH04138155A (en) | 1990-09-28 | 1990-09-28 | Urinary incontinence detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2262810A JPH04138155A (en) | 1990-09-28 | 1990-09-28 | Urinary incontinence detector |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04138155A true JPH04138155A (en) | 1992-05-12 |
Family
ID=17380929
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2262810A Pending JPH04138155A (en) | 1990-09-28 | 1990-09-28 | Urinary incontinence detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04138155A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05180800A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1993-07-23 | Nippon Denshi Kogyo Kk | Moisture detector, diaper with moisture sensor and diaper wetting annunciator |
| JP2002277435A (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-25 | Sony Corp | Filth storage device with notification function and manufacturing method |
| WO2011078325A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-30 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Excretion detection device and absorbable substance |
| WO2011090070A1 (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2011-07-28 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Excretion management system, excretion detection device, and reception device |
| JP2011147504A (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-08-04 | Unicharm Corp | Excretion detector and absorbent article |
| US8237572B2 (en) | 2006-10-30 | 2012-08-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Self-powered RFID tag activated by a fluid and method for using such RFID tags |
| JPWO2012111157A1 (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2014-07-03 | 日本協能電子株式会社 | Liquid detector |
| CN112190399A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-08 | 天津大学 | Intelligent diaper using paper-based microfluid fuel cell stack as self-power supply |
-
1990
- 1990-09-28 JP JP2262810A patent/JPH04138155A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05180800A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1993-07-23 | Nippon Denshi Kogyo Kk | Moisture detector, diaper with moisture sensor and diaper wetting annunciator |
| JP2002277435A (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-25 | Sony Corp | Filth storage device with notification function and manufacturing method |
| US8237572B2 (en) | 2006-10-30 | 2012-08-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Self-powered RFID tag activated by a fluid and method for using such RFID tags |
| WO2011078325A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-30 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Excretion detection device and absorbable substance |
| KR20120104393A (en) | 2009-12-24 | 2012-09-20 | 유니챰 가부시키가이샤 | Excretion detection device and absorbable substance |
| WO2011090070A1 (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2011-07-28 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Excretion management system, excretion detection device, and reception device |
| JP2011147504A (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-08-04 | Unicharm Corp | Excretion detector and absorbent article |
| KR20120112700A (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2012-10-11 | 유니챰 가부시키가이샤 | Excretion management system, excretion detection device, and reception device |
| JPWO2012111157A1 (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2014-07-03 | 日本協能電子株式会社 | Liquid detector |
| CN112190399A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-08 | 天津大学 | Intelligent diaper using paper-based microfluid fuel cell stack as self-power supply |
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