JP2739331B2 - Non-contact gaze detection device - Google Patents
Non-contact gaze detection deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2739331B2 JP2739331B2 JP63289762A JP28976288A JP2739331B2 JP 2739331 B2 JP2739331 B2 JP 2739331B2 JP 63289762 A JP63289762 A JP 63289762A JP 28976288 A JP28976288 A JP 28976288A JP 2739331 B2 JP2739331 B2 JP 2739331B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- center
- eyeball
- pupil
- cornea
- corneal reflection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 claims description 31
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000002673 Dioscorea communis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000544230 Dioscorea communis Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000035753 Periorbital contusion Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ この発明は非接触視線検出装置に関し、特に、カメラ
で捉えた顔画像から非接触で視線方向を検出するような
非接触視線検出装置に関する。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a non-contact gaze detection device, and more particularly to a non-contact gaze detection device that detects a gaze direction in a non-contact manner from a face image captured by a camera.
［従来の技術］ 視線の動きは人の意思を反映していると考えられるた
め、視線検出からユーザの意図を抽出することができれ
ば、より使い易いインタフェースを実現できる。視線を
検出する装置としては、従来から種々考えられている
が、いずれの方式も使用者の顔に検出装置を装着するも
のであった。[Prior Art] Since the movement of the line of sight is considered to reflect the intention of a person, if the user's intention can be extracted from the line of sight detection, a more user-friendly interface can be realized. Various devices have been conventionally considered as devices for detecting the line of sight, but in each case, the detection device is attached to the face of the user.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］ 上述の方式は、視線を顔に対する角度として検出する
ものであるため、使用者のディスプレイ上での視点を直
接得ることはできなかった。しかし、視線をインタフェ
ースに利用するためには、ディスプレイ上での利用者の
視点を得る必要があり、これを従来の視線検出法で実現
するためには、顔をディスプレイに対して固定する必要
があった。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the above-mentioned method, since the line of sight is detected as an angle with respect to the face, the viewpoint of the user on the display cannot be directly obtained. However, in order to use the gaze for the interface, it is necessary to obtain the user's viewpoint on the display, and in order to achieve this with the conventional gaze detection method, it is necessary to fix the face to the display. there were.
しかし、顔に装置を取付けたり、顔を固定するなどの
従来の視線検出法の制約は使用者に負担を与えるため、
大きな問題点であった。よって、顔に何ら装置を取付け
ることなく、かつ顔を固定することなくディスプレイ上
での視線を検出する装置の実現が望まれていた。However, the limitations of conventional gaze detection methods, such as attaching a device to the face or fixing the face, place a burden on the user,
It was a big problem. Therefore, it has been desired to realize a device that detects a line of sight on a display without attaching any device to the face and fixing the face.
それゆえに、この発明の主たる目的は、顔に何ら装置
を取付けることなく、視線方向を確実に検出でき、しか
も顔の動きによらず、視線方向を確実に検出できるよう
な非接触視線検出装置を提供することである。Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact gaze detecting device capable of reliably detecting the gaze direction without attaching any device to the face, and capable of reliably detecting the gaze direction regardless of the movement of the face. To provide.
［課題を解決するための手段］ この発明は、２台のカメラで捉えた顔画像から非接触
で視線を検出する非接触視線検出装置であって、２台の
カメラで捉えられた顔画像から三角測量を用いて各角膜
反射像の位置と瞳孔中心の位置を検出する手段と、検出
された角膜反射像と瞳孔中心の位置から眼球中心を検出
する手段と、検出された瞳孔中心と眼球中心を視線とし
て検出する手段とを備えて構成される。Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is a non-contact gaze detecting device that detects a gaze in a non-contact manner from a face image captured by two cameras, and detects a gaze from a face image captured by two cameras. Means for detecting the position of each corneal reflection image and the position of the pupil center using triangulation; means for detecting the center of the eyeball from the detected corneal reflection image and the position of the center of the pupil; the detected pupil center and the center of the eyeball And means for detecting as a line of sight.
［作用］ 視線を定義する場合、眼球中心と瞳孔中心を直線で定
義するのが現実的である。よって、視線を検出すること
は眼球中心と瞳孔中心のそれぞれの位置を検出すること
に帰着される。非接触で視線検出を実現する場合には、
遠方に設置したカメラで捉えた顔画像から瞳孔中心と眼
球中心を計測する必要がある。しかし、瞳孔中心の位置
は顔画像から直接計測できるが、眼球中心の位置は直接
計測できない。[Operation] When defining the line of sight, it is realistic to define the center of the eyeball and the center of the pupil as straight lines. Therefore, detecting the line of sight results in detecting the respective positions of the center of the eyeball and the center of the pupil. When realizing gaze detection without contact,
It is necessary to measure the center of the pupil and the center of the eyeball from a face image captured by a camera installed at a distance. However, the position of the pupil center can be directly measured from the face image, but the position of the eyeball center cannot be directly measured.
ところで、角膜反射像は眼球に光を照射したときに黒
眼の中に生じる虚像である。よって、角膜反射像の現わ
れる位置は、光源の位置，角膜曲率中心の位置および角
膜の曲率半径によって定められる。また、眼球中心と角
膜の曲率中心および瞳孔中心は同一直線上に存在する。By the way, the corneal reflection image is a virtual image generated in the black eye when the eyeball is irradiated with light. Therefore, the position where the corneal reflection image appears is determined by the position of the light source, the position of the center of the corneal curvature, and the radius of curvature of the cornea. The center of the eyeball, the center of curvature of the cornea, and the center of the pupil are on the same straight line.
一方、角膜の曲率中心と眼球中心の間の距離d1および
角膜の曲率半径d2は個人差がほとんどなく、d1＝6.0（m
m）およびd2＝7.8（mm）であるから、角膜反射像の位置
および瞳孔中心の位置を計測すれば、角膜反射像の位置
および光源の位置から角膜の曲率半径中心の位置を算出
することができ、また角膜の曲率半径の位置および瞳孔
中心の位置から眼球中心の位置を算出できる。On the other hand, the distance d1 between the center of curvature of the cornea and the center of the eyeball and the radius of curvature d2 of the cornea have almost no individual differences, and d1 = 6.0 (m
Since m) and d2 = 7.8 (mm), if the position of the corneal reflection image and the position of the center of the pupil are measured, the position of the center of the radius of curvature of the cornea can be calculated from the position of the corneal reflection image and the position of the light source. The position of the center of the eyeball can be calculated from the position of the radius of curvature of the cornea and the position of the center of the pupil.
［発明の実施例］ 第２図は人の眼球の構造を示す図である。第２図にお
いて、眼球１は角膜２と虹彩３と網膜４と水晶体７とを
含む。なお、第２図において、５は瞳孔中心である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of a human eyeball. In FIG. 2, an eyeball 1 includes a cornea 2, an iris 3, a retina 4, and a lens 7. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 5 denotes a pupil center.
第３図は第２図に示した眼球の構造を模式化して示し
た図である。第３図において、11,12,13,14,15はそれぞ
れ第２図に示した眼球1,角膜2,虹彩3,網膜4,瞳孔中心５
のそれぞれに対応している。また、第３図において、16
は眼球11を球で近似したときの眼球中心であり、17は角
膜12を曲面で近似したときの曲率中心であり、18は瞳孔
中心15と眼球中心16で定義された視線である。ここで、
視線を定義する場合、眼球中心16と瞳孔中心15を結ぶ直
線で定義するのが現実的である。よって、視線を検出す
ることは眼球中心16と瞳孔中心15の位置を検出すること
に帰着される。しかし、瞳孔中心15の位置はカメラで捉
えた顔画像の虹彩13のエッジから直接検出することがで
きるが、眼球中心16は顔画像から直接検出することが不
可能である。よって、瞳孔の他に眼球中心16の動きを反
映する眼球特徴点を検出する必要がある。FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the eyeball shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, reference numerals 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 denote eyeball 1, cornea 2, iris 3, retina 4, and pupil center 5, respectively, shown in FIG.
Corresponding to each. In FIG. 3, 16
Is the center of the eyeball when the eyeball 11 is approximated by a sphere, 17 is the center of curvature when the cornea 12 is approximated by a curved surface, and 18 is the line of sight defined by the center 15 of the pupil and the center 16 of the eyeball. here,
When defining the line of sight, it is realistic to define it with a straight line connecting the eyeball center 16 and the pupil center 15. Therefore, detecting the line of sight results in detecting the positions of the eyeball center 16 and the pupil center 15. However, the position of the pupil center 15 can be directly detected from the edge of the iris 13 of the face image captured by the camera, but the eyeball center 16 cannot be directly detected from the face image. Therefore, it is necessary to detect an eyeball feature point that reflects the movement of the eyeball center 16 in addition to the pupil.
そこで、本願発明者らは角膜12の曲率中心17と眼球中
心16とが一致しないことに着目し、眼球11に光を照射し
たときに黒眼の中に生じる虚像である角膜反射像を眼球
特徴点として採用し、瞳孔中心15と角膜反射像の位置か
ら眼球中心16の位置を算出し、求められた眼球中心16と
瞳孔中心15により視線方向を決定するという着想を得
て、さらに瞳孔中心15と角膜反射像の位置を２台以上の
カメラにより三角測量によって測定することによって具
体化する手法を発明した。Therefore, the inventors of the present application focused on the fact that the center of curvature 17 of the cornea 12 and the center of the eyeball 16 do not match, and referred to a corneal reflection image which is a virtual image generated in the black eye when the eyeball 11 was irradiated with light. Adopted as a point, calculate the position of the eyeball center 16 from the pupil center 15 and the position of the corneal reflection image, get the idea of determining the line of sight by the obtained eyeball center 16 and pupil center 15, and further obtain the pupil center 15 And a method for realizing the method by measuring the position of the corneal reflection image by triangulation with two or more cameras.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例を示す図である。第１図
において、眼球26に向かって左側にはたとえば波長850
［nm］程度の近赤外光を発する光源22が設けられ、右側
には波長950［nm］程度の赤外光を発光する光源23が配
置される。光源22の近傍にはカメラ24が配置され、光源
23の近傍にはカメラ25が配置される。カメラ24には波長
850［nm］程度の光のみを透過させるような光学フィル
タ36がレンズの前方に設けられており、カメラ25には、
波長950［nm］程度の光のみを透過するように光学フィ
ルタ37がレンズの前方に設けられている。なお、この実
施例では、光源22はカメラ24のレンズに取付けられ、光
源23はカメラ25のレンズに取付けられているものとす
る。そして、それぞれの発する光の方向は、取付けられ
たカメラの光軸方向と一致するようにされている。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, for example, a wavelength of 850 is on the left side of the eyeball 26.
A light source 22 that emits near-infrared light of about [nm] is provided, and a light source 23 that emits infrared light of a wavelength of about 950 [nm] is disposed on the right side. A camera 24 is arranged near the light source 22, and the light source
A camera 25 is arranged near 23. Wavelength for camera 24
An optical filter 36 that transmits only light of about 850 [nm] is provided in front of the lens.
An optical filter 37 is provided in front of the lens so as to transmit only light having a wavelength of about 950 [nm]. In this embodiment, the light source 22 is attached to the lens of the camera 24, and the light source 23 is attached to the lens of the camera 25. The direction of each emitted light is made to coincide with the optical axis direction of the attached camera.
なお、第１図に示す26〜33は第３図に示した11〜18に
相当するものである。また、第１図には、光源22による
角膜反射像34と光源23によって生じる角膜反射像35が示
されている。Incidentally, 26 to 33 shown in FIG. 1 correspond to 11 to 18 shown in FIG. FIG. 1 shows a corneal reflection image 34 generated by the light source 22 and a corneal reflection image 35 generated by the light source 23.
先に述べたように、角膜反射像34および35は眼球29に
光を照射したときに角膜27に生じる虚像である。よっ
て、角膜反射像34は角膜の曲率中心32と光源22を結んだ
直線L1上に存在し、その位置は角膜の曲率中心32と角膜
27の中間点に現われ、角膜反射像35は角膜27の曲率中心
32と光源23を結んだ直線L2上に存在する。そして、その
位置は角膜27の曲率中心32と角膜27の中間点に現われ
る。As described above, the corneal reflection images 34 and 35 are virtual images generated on the cornea 27 when the eyeball 29 is irradiated with light. Therefore, the corneal reflection image 34 exists on the straight line L1 connecting the center of curvature 32 of the cornea and the light source 22, and the position is located at the center of curvature of the cornea 32
The corneal reflection image 35 appears at the midpoint of 27, and the center of curvature of the cornea 27 is
It exists on a straight line L2 connecting the light source 23 and the light source 23. The position appears at the midpoint between the center of curvature 32 of the cornea 27 and the cornea 27.
すなわち、光源22,カメラ24,角膜反射像34および角膜
27の曲率中心32は同一直線上に存在する。また、光源2
3,カメラ25,角膜反射像35および角膜27の曲率中心32も
同一直線上に存在する。また、角膜反射像34および35の
波長は、その光源波長を反映して、それぞれ850［nm］
および950［nm］である。このため、カメラ24では角膜
反射像34のみが撮影され、カメラ25では角膜反射像35の
みが撮影される。このように、カメラ24およびカメラ25
で捉えられた画像の中の角膜反射像34および35の位置か
ら、それぞれのカメラの位置と角膜反射像の位置を結ん
だ直線の交点として角膜反射像の曲率中心32を決定する
ことができる。That is, the light source 22, the camera 24, the corneal reflection image 34 and the cornea
The 27 centers of curvature 32 are on the same straight line. Light source 2
3. The camera 25, the corneal reflection image 35, and the center of curvature 32 of the cornea 27 also exist on the same straight line. The wavelengths of the corneal reflection images 34 and 35 are 850 [nm], respectively, reflecting the wavelength of the light source.
And 950 [nm]. Therefore, the camera 24 captures only the corneal reflection image 34, and the camera 25 captures only the corneal reflection image 35. Thus, camera 24 and camera 25
The center of curvature 32 of the corneal reflection image can be determined from the positions of the corneal reflection images 34 and 35 in the image captured in step 3 as an intersection of straight lines connecting the respective camera positions and the positions of the corneal reflection images.
同時に、光源22および23から発せられた光は瞳孔を通
り、網膜29を照らす。このとき、カメラ24および25で捉
えられた顔画像を第４図に示す。第４図において、黒眼
41に囲まれた瞳孔には第１図に示した光源22および23に
よる角膜反射像42,43が映し出されており、瞳孔が明る
く浮き上がって捉えられる。このように、網膜の反射を
使用することによって瞳孔を容易に検出することができ
る。この顔画像から瞳孔中心30の３次元位置はそれぞれ
のカメラ24,25で捉えられた顔画像から三角測量によっ
て決めることができる。この三角測量はカメラ24,25の
出力を画像処理する画像処理装置50によって行なわれ
る。なお、眼球中心31,瞳孔中心30,角膜の曲率中心32は
同一直線上に存在するので、眼球中心31,角膜の曲率中
心32を結ぶ直線33が視線となる。At the same time, light emitted from light sources 22 and 23 passes through the pupil and illuminates retina 29. At this time, the face images captured by the cameras 24 and 25 are shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the black eye
In the pupil surrounded by 41, corneal reflection images 42 and 43 by the light sources 22 and 23 shown in FIG. 1 are projected, and the pupil is raised brightly and captured. Thus, the pupil can be easily detected by using the retina reflection. From this face image, the three-dimensional position of the pupil center 30 can be determined from the face images captured by the cameras 24 and 25 by triangulation. This triangulation is performed by an image processing device 50 that processes the outputs of the cameras 24 and 25. Since the center of the eyeball 31, the center of the pupil 30, and the center of curvature of the cornea 32 are on the same straight line, the straight line 33 connecting the center of the eyeball 31 and the center of curvature of the cornea 32 becomes the line of sight.
［発明の効果］ 以上のように、この発明によれば、２台のカメラで捉
えた顔画像から三角測量を用いて各角膜反射像の位置と
瞳孔中心の位置を検出し、検出された角膜反射像と瞳孔
中心の位置から眼球中心を検出して、検出された瞳孔中
心と眼球中心を視線として検出するようにしたので、簡
単に視線を検出することができる。また、角膜反射像は
強度的にも強いため、画像からの抽出が容易であり、ま
た瞳孔中心も上述のような網膜反射を利用することによ
り容易に抽出できる。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the position of each corneal reflection image and the position of the center of the pupil are detected from face images captured by two cameras using triangulation, and the detected cornea is detected. Since the center of the eyeball is detected from the position of the reflection image and the center of the pupil and the detected center of the pupil and the center of the eyeball are detected as the line of sight, the line of sight can be easily detected. Further, since the corneal reflection image is strong in intensity, it is easy to extract the image from the image, and the pupil center can be easily extracted by using the above-mentioned retinal reflection.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例を示す図である。第２図は
眼球の構造を示す図である。第３図は第２図に示した眼
球を模式化して示す図である。第４図はカメラで捉えら
れた顔画像を示す図である。 図において、1,11,26は眼球、2,12,27は角膜、3,13,28
は虹彩、4,14,29は網膜、15,30は瞳孔中心、16,31は眼
球中心、17,32は角膜の曲率中心、22,23は光源、24,25
はカメラ、18,33は視線、34,35,42,43は角膜反射像を示
す。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the eyeball. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the eyeball shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a face image captured by a camera. In the figure, 1,11,26 is the eyeball, 2,12,27 is the cornea, 3,13,28
Is the iris, 4,14,29 is the retina, 15,30 is the center of the pupil, 16,31 is the center of the eyeball, 17,32 is the center of curvature of the cornea, 22,23 is the light source, 24,25
Indicates a camera, 18, 33 indicates a line of sight, and 34, 35, 42, 43 indicate corneal reflection images.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−160633（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−245183（ＪＰ，Ａ) ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-63-160633 (JP, A) JP-A-62-245183 (JP, A)
Claims (1)
視線を検出する非接触視線検出装置であって、 前記２台のカメラで捉えられた顔画像から三角測量を用
いて各角膜反射像の位置と瞳孔中心の位置を検出する手
段と、 前記検出された角膜反射像と瞳孔中心の位置から眼球中
心を検出する手段と、 前記検出された瞳孔中心と眼球中心を視線として検出す
る手段を備えた、非接触視線検出装置。1. A non-contact eye-gaze detecting device for detecting a gaze in a non-contact manner from a face image captured by two cameras, wherein each of the cornea is detected by using triangulation from the face images captured by the two cameras. Means for detecting the position of the reflected image and the position of the center of the pupil; means for detecting the center of the eyeball from the detected corneal reflection image and the position of the center of the pupil; detecting the detected center of the pupil and the center of the eyeball as a line of sight A non-contact gaze detecting device provided with means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63289762A JP2739331B2 (en) | 1988-11-16 | 1988-11-16 | Non-contact gaze detection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63289762A JP2739331B2 (en) | 1988-11-16 | 1988-11-16 | Non-contact gaze detection device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02134130A JPH02134130A (en) | 1990-05-23 |
| JP2739331B2 true JP2739331B2 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
Family
ID=17747423
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63289762A Expired - Lifetime JP2739331B2 (en) | 1988-11-16 | 1988-11-16 | Non-contact gaze detection device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP2739331B2 (en) |
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