JP2017222007A - Electrochemical machining device and machining method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrochemical machining device of which a machining tolerance can be enhanced.SOLUTION: An electrochemical machining device 20 processes a work-piece 10 by applying a voltage between a cylindrical electrode 30 and the work-piece while supplying an electrolytic solution into a space between the electrode 30 and the work-piece 10. The electrochemical machining device 20 comprises a rotating mechanism 50 which relatively rotates the electrode 30 and the work-piece 10. The electrode 30 has an internal passage 31 in which the electrolytic solution flows, and plural slits 34 which penetrate from the internal passage 31 to an outer peripheral surface of the electrode 30.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrolytic processing apparatus and an electrolytic processing method.

  In recent years, electrochemical machining ECM (Electro-Chemical Machining) has been proposed as a new metal working method to replace cutting. The ECM uses an electrode as a cathode and a workpiece as an anode, and arranges them with a gap between them, and then applies a voltage between the electrode and the workpiece while flowing an electrolyte through the gap. Thus, the workpiece is processed by electrolytic action. Conventionally, there is an apparatus described in Patent Document 1 as an apparatus using this type of electrolytic processing method.

  The electrolytic processing apparatus described in Patent Document 1 includes a rod-shaped electrode, a guide part, and an adjustment part. The rod-shaped electrode has a passage through which the electrolytic solution flows along the central axis. The rod-shaped electrode is supported by the guide part. The guide portion is provided with a discharge path for discharging the electrolytic solution from the rod-shaped electrode passage to the outside of the apparatus. The adjustment unit is attached to the guide unit. In this electrolytic processing apparatus, it is possible to finely adjust the support direction of the rod-shaped electrode by the guide portion by operating the adjustment portion. In addition, after adjusting the support direction of the rod-shaped electrode, the flow of the electrolyte solution is visually confirmed by flowing the electrolyte solution through the passage of the rod-shaped electrode with the light-transmitting pseudo-work placed on the rod-shaped electrode and the guide portion. Can do. Thereby, the support direction of an electrode can be adjusted, confirming the stay and drift of electrolyte solution before actual electrolytic processing.

JP 2009-208197 A

  By the way, like the electrolytic processing apparatus of patent document 1, when using the method of adjusting the support direction of a rod-shaped electrode by operation of an adjustment part, confirming the flow of electrolyte solution visually, support of a rod-shaped electrode is used. Although it becomes easy to adjust the direction, it is difficult to completely match the support direction of the rod-shaped electrode with an appropriate direction. If the support direction of the rod-shaped electrode is slightly deviated from an appropriate direction, the gap between the rod-shaped electrode and the workpiece is biased. If the workpiece is machined while the gap between the rod-shaped electrode and the workpiece is biased, the machining shape of the workpiece may be uneven, and as a result, machining accuracy is ensured. It may not be possible.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an electrolytic processing apparatus and an electrolytic processing method capable of improving processing accuracy.

  In order to solve the above problems, the electrolytic processing apparatus (20) supplies an electrolytic solution to the gap between the cylindrical electrode (30) and the workpiece (10), and The workpiece is processed by applying a voltage between them. The electrolytic processing apparatus includes a rotation mechanism (50) that relatively rotates the electrode and the workpiece. The electrode has an internal passage (31) through which the electrolytic solution flows and a plurality of slits (34) penetrating from the internal passage to the outer peripheral surface of the electrode.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, an electrolytic processing method is provided between an electrode and a workpiece while supplying an electrolytic solution to a gap between the cylindrical electrode (30) and the workpiece (10). The workpiece is processed by applying a voltage to the workpiece. The electrode has an internal passage (31) through which the electrolytic solution flows and a plurality of slits (34) penetrating from the internal passage to the outer peripheral surface of the electrode. The electrolytic processing method includes a step of supplying an electrolytic solution to a gap between the electrode and the workpiece by flowing the electrolytic solution through the internal passage and slit of the electrode, and relatively rotating the electrode and the workpiece. And a step of processing the workpiece.

  According to this configuration and method, even if the gap between the electrode and the workpiece is biased, the gap is biased by rotating the electrode and the workpiece relative to each other by the rotation mechanism. It can be made uniform. Thereby, since the processing shape of a workpiece can be made uniform, processing accuracy can be improved. Further, current-inhibiting substances such as sludge and hydrogen generated by electrolytic processing of the workpiece are discharged by the electrolytic solution flowing through the internal passages and slits of the electrode. Therefore, since the deterioration of the processing accuracy due to the accumulation of the current-inhibiting substance is suppressed, the processing accuracy of the workpiece can be improved as a result.

  In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis as described in the said means and a claim is an example which shows a corresponding relationship with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an electrolytic processing apparatus and an electrolytic processing method capable of improving processing accuracy.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a partial cross-sectional structure of an electrolytic processing apparatus according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a perspective structure of the electrode according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional structure of the electrolytic processing apparatus around the electrode according to the embodiment. FIG. 4 is a front view showing a front structure of an electrode according to another embodiment. FIG. 5 is a front view showing a front structure of an electrode according to another embodiment. FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a partial sectional structure of an electrolytic processing apparatus according to another embodiment. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a partial cross-sectional structure of an electrode and a diameter expansion mechanism of another embodiment.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of an electrolytic processing apparatus and an electrolytic processing method will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the electrolytic processing apparatus 20 according to the present embodiment is an apparatus that processes a processing surface 150 inside the workpiece 10.

  Specifically, the workpiece 10 includes a main body portion 11 and a protruding portion 12. The main body 11 is formed in a columnar shape around the axis m1. The protruding portion 12 is formed so as to extend in a columnar shape from the axial one end surface 110 of the main body portion 11 along the axis m1. A first internal passage 13 and a second internal passage 14 are formed in the main body 11 and the protrusion 12. The first internal passage 13 is formed so as to extend along the axis m <b> 1 from the front end surface 120 of the protrusion 12 to the inside of the main body 11. The second internal passage 14 is formed so as to penetrate the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 11 from an end portion extending to the inside of the main body portion 11 in the first internal passage 13.

The electrolytic processing apparatus 20 processes a processing surface 150 located in a portion of the inner wall surface of the first internal passage 13 of the workpiece 10 that is shifted to the protruding portion 12 side from the connection portion with the second internal passage 14. . Specifically, the electrolytic processing apparatus 20 includes an electrode 30, a support member 40, and a rotation mechanism 50. The electrolytic processing apparatus 20 applies a voltage between the electrode 30 and the workpiece 10 while flowing an electrolytic solution in a gap between the electrode 30 and the workpiece 10, thereby causing the electrolytic processing to cause the workpiece 10 to move. A recess is formed in the processing surface 150. As the electrolytic solution, for example, an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate (NaNO ₃ ) can be used.

  The electrode 30 is formed in a cylindrical shape around the axis m1. Hereinafter, the axis m1 is also referred to as “the central axis of the electrode 30”. The tip portion 32 of the electrode 30 is inserted into the first internal passage 13 of the workpiece 10. The electrode 30 has an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the first internal passage 13 of the workpiece 10. That is, a gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the electrode 30 and the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece 10. This gap is used as a flow path for flowing the electrolytic solution.

  A base end portion of the electrode 30 is connected to the rotation mechanism 50. The rotation mechanism 50 supports the electrode 30 so as to be rotatable about the axis m1 and rotates integrally with the electrode 30 in the direction indicated by the arrow R around the axis m1. That is, the rotation mechanism 50 rotates the electrode 30 relative to the workpiece 10. As the rotation mechanism 50, for example, a hydraulic rotation mechanism that rotates using power transmitted from a propeller that rotates by a water flow can be used. As the working fluid of the hydraulic rotation mechanism, for example, the same fluid as the electrolyte can be used.

  An internal passage 31 through which the electrolytic solution flows is formed inside the electrode 30. The outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip portion 32 of the electrode 30 faces the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the outer diameter of the outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip portion of the electrode 30 is larger than the outer diameter of the other portions. A plurality of slits 34 are formed on the outer peripheral surface 33 of the distal end portion of the electrode 30. The slit 34 is formed so as to penetrate the electrode 30 from the internal passage 31 to the outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip end portion. The slit 34 is formed in a long hole shape extending in the direction of the central axis m <b> 1 of the electrode 30. Specifically, when the end of the slit 34 near the tip 32 of the electrode 30 is the one end 340 and the end opposite to the one end 340 is the other end 341, the slit 34 is closer to the one end 340. Is formed in a long hole shape so as to be positioned closer to the advance side in the rotation direction R of the electrode 30 than the other end portion 341.

  The outer peripheral surface 35 of the electrode 30 excluding the tip end outer peripheral surface 33 is covered with an insulating member 60. As the insulating member 60, for example, a contraction tube that contracts by application of heat can be used. An insulating member 61 is also provided at the tip 32 of the electrode 30. As the insulating member 61, for example, a heat-resistant resin member can be used. The insulating member 60, 61 inhibits the electric current between the electrode 30 and the workpiece 10, thereby inhibiting the electrolytic action of the workpiece 10. Thereby, only the part of the processed surface 150 of the workpiece 10 which opposes the front-end | tip part outer peripheral surface 33 of the electrode 30 can be processed.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the support member 40 is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape around the axis m <b> 1, and has a concave insertion hole 42 at the center of one end surface 41 thereof. The workpiece 10 is assembled to the support member 40 such that the one end surface 110 of the workpiece 10 is in surface contact with the one end surface 41 of the support member 40. When the workpiece 10 is assembled to the support member 40, the protruding portion 12 of the workpiece 10 is inserted into the insertion hole 42. A seal member 16 is provided on one end surface 110 of the workpiece 10 to ensure a sealing property with the one end surface 41 of the support member 40.

  The cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the axis m1 of the insertion hole 42 is formed in a circular shape. The insertion hole 42 has an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the protrusion 12 of the workpiece 10. Moreover, the insertion hole 42 has a depth longer than the length of the protrusion part 12 in the direction parallel to the axis line m1. Thereby, when the protrusion 12 of the workpiece 10 is inserted into the insertion hole 42, a gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the protrusion 12 of the workpiece 10 and the inner peripheral surface of the insertion hole 42 of the support member 40. It is formed. A gap is also formed between the front end surface 120 of the workpiece 10 and the bottom surface 421 of the insertion hole 42 of the support member 40. This gap is used as a flow path through which the electrolytic solution flows. The support member 40 is formed with a through hole 44 that penetrates from the inner peripheral surface of the insertion hole 42 to the outer peripheral surface of the support member 40.

  A recess 43 is formed at the center of the bottom surface 421 of the insertion hole 42 in the support member 40. A rotation mechanism 50 is disposed inside the recess 43. The support member 40 supports the electrode 30 and the rotation mechanism 50 so as to be rotatable about the axis m1.

  The electrolytic processing apparatus 20 further includes a power supply device 70 and a pump 80. The power supply device 70 applies a pulse voltage between the electrode 30 and the workpiece 10 so that the electrode 30 becomes a cathode and the workpiece 10 becomes an anode. The pump 80 pumps the electrolytic solution from the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece 10 to the second internal passage 14, and pumps the electrolytic solution from the outer peripheral surface of the support member 40 to the through hole 44.

  Next, the processing method of the workpiece 10 using the electrolytic processing apparatus 20 of this embodiment will be described in detail.

  When processing the workpiece 10, first, the workpiece 10 is assembled to the support member 40 as shown in FIG. 1. Thereafter, as indicated by arrows W 1 and W 2, the electrolyte is caused to flow from the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece 10 into the second internal passage 14 by the pump 80, and from the outer peripheral surface of the support member 40 to the through hole 44. Let it flow.

  At that time, the electrolyte flowing into the second internal passage 14 of the workpiece 10 flows into the first internal passage 13. As shown by an arrow W1 in FIG. 3, this electrolytic solution is supplied to a gap between the outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip 30 of the electrode 30 and the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10, and is also indicated by an arrow W3. To the internal passage 31 of the electrode 30 through the slit 34. The electrolyte flowing through the internal passage 31 of the electrode 30 is discharged to the outside of the support member 40 as indicated by an arrow W3 in FIG.

  In addition, the electrolyte flowing into the second internal passage 14 flows from the insertion hole 42 of the support member 40 through a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the electrode 30 and the inner wall surface of the first internal passage 13 of the workpiece 10. As indicated by an arrow W2 in FIG. 3, this electrolytic solution is supplied to a gap between the outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip 30 of the electrode 30 and the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10, and as indicated by an arrow W3. Then, it flows into the internal passage 31 of the electrode 30 through the slit 34 and is discharged to the outside of the support member 40.

  In this manner, the electrolytic device is supplied to the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the electrode 30 and the inner wall surface of the first internal passage 13 of the workpiece 10, while rotating the electrode 30 by the rotation mechanism 50, the power supply device A pulse voltage is applied between the electrode 30 and the workpiece 10 by 70. Thereby, between the front-end | tip part outer peripheral surface 33 of the electrode 30 and the process surface 150 of the to-be-processed object 10 is supplied with electricity via electrolyte solution, the process surface 150 of the to-be-processed object 10 is processed by the electrolytic action. At that time, a current-inhibiting substance such as sludge or hydrogen generated by electrolysis of the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10 is caused to flow through the internal passage 31 of the electrode 30 by the flow of the electrolyte indicated by the arrow W3 in FIGS. And discharged to the outside of the support member 40. In this electrolytic processing apparatus 20, the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10 is processed into a predetermined dimension by repeatedly applying a pulse voltage by the power supply device 70 for a predetermined time. Thereby, the electrolytic processing of the workpiece 10 is completed.

  According to the electrolytic processing apparatus 20 and the electrolytic processing method of the present embodiment described above, the operations and effects shown in the following (1) to (4) can be obtained.

  (1) In order to ensure the processing accuracy of the workpiece 10, it is desirable that the gap between the outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip 30 of the electrode 30 and the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10 is uniform. However, when the workpiece 10 is attached to the support member 40, there may be a case where the central axis of the electrode 30 is slightly shifted from the axis m1 due to an assembly error or the like. In this case, the gap between the tip outer peripheral surface 33 of the electrode 30 and the processed surface 150 of the workpiece 10 is biased. This is a factor that reduces the processing accuracy.

  In this regard, according to the electrolytic processing apparatus 20 and the electrolytic processing method of the present embodiment, by rotating the electrode 30 relative to the workpiece 10 by the rotating mechanism 50, The deviation of the gap between the workpiece 10 and the processing surface 150 can be made uniform. Thereby, since the processing shape of the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10 can be made uniform, processing accuracy can be improved.

  Further, the current-inhibiting substance generated by the electrolytic processing of the workpiece 10 passes through the slit 34 from the gap between the outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip 30 of the electrode 30 and the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10, and the internal passage 31 of the electrode 30. It is discharged by the electrolyte flowing into Thereby, since the deterioration of the processing accuracy due to the accumulation of the current-inhibiting substance is suppressed, the processing accuracy of the workpiece 10 can be improved as a result, and the surface roughness of the processing surface 150 can be improved. You can also.

  Further, even when a plurality of slits 34 are formed on the outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip portion of the electrode 30, the influence of the slit 34 on the processing of the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10 is prevented by rotating the electrode 30. be able to. Therefore, the processing accuracy of the workpiece 10 can be ensured.

  (2) The electrolytic solution flows into the internal passage 31 of the electrode 30 through the slit 34 from the gap between the tip outer peripheral surface 33 of the electrode 30 and the processed surface 150 of the workpiece 10. Thereby, since supply and discharge | emission of electrolyte are easy to be performed, the precision of the electrolytic processing of the to-be-processed object 10 can be improved.

  (3) The slit 34 is formed in the outer peripheral surface 33 of the distal end portion of the electrode 30 and is formed in a long hole shape extending in the direction of the central axis m <b> 1 of the electrode 30. In addition, the slit 34 is positioned at the center of the electrode 30 such that the one end 340 on the tip end 32 side of the electrode 30 is positioned on the advance side in the rotation direction R of the electrode 30 with respect to the other end 341 on the opposite side. It arrange | positions diagonally with respect to the axis | shaft m1. Thereby, when the electrode 30 rotates, the slit 34 functions as a propeller for assisting the pumping of the electrolytic solution, so that the electrolytic solution is easily supplied and discharged. As a result, the accuracy of electrolytic processing of the workpiece 10 can be improved.

  (4) Insulating members 60 and 61 are provided in a portion of the electrode 30 that faces the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10, that is, a portion other than the outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip end portion. Thereby, it becomes possible to process only the processed surface 150 of the workpiece 10 more accurately.

In addition, the said embodiment can also be implemented with the following forms.
The shape of the slit 34 can be changed as appropriate. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the slit 34 may be formed in a long hole shape parallel to the central axis m <b> 1 of the electrode 30. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the slit 34 may be formed in a round hole shape.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the pump 80 may pump the electrolytic solution into the internal passage 31 of the electrode 30. In this case, the electrolytic solution flows from the internal passage 31 of the electrode 30 through the slit 34 into the gap between the outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip portion of the electrode 30 and the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10. The electrolytic solution that has flowed into the gap between the outer peripheral surface 33 of the tip end portion of the electrode 30 and the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10 is exposed to the outside from the second internal passage 14 of the workpiece 10 and the through hole 44 of the support member 40. Discharged. Even with such a configuration, the electrolyte can be easily supplied and discharged, so that the accuracy of electrolytic processing of the workpiece 10 can be improved.

  The electrolytic processing apparatus 20 may further include a diameter expansion mechanism that increases the outer diameter of the electrode 30 radially outward. The structure of this modification is, for example, as follows. As shown in FIG. 7, the electrode 30 has a structure divided into a pair of electrode pieces 36 and 37. A slit 360 and an internal passage 361 are formed in the electrode piece 36. A slit 370 and an internal passage 371 are also formed in the electrode piece 37. The electrode piece 36 and the electrode piece 37 are disposed with a predetermined gap in a direction orthogonal to the axis m1. As shown in FIG. 8, concave portions 362 and 372 into which the protruding portions 91 can be inserted are formed at the base end portions of the electrode piece 36 and the electrode piece 37, respectively. The diameter expansion mechanism 90 includes a protruding portion 91 and an actuator 92. The actuator 92 inserts and removes the protruding portion 91 from the concave portions 362 and 372 of the electrode pieces 36 and 37. When the protrusion 91 is inserted into the recesses 362 and 372 of the electrode pieces 36 and 37 by the actuator 92, the electrode pieces 36 and 37 are elastically deformed radially outward, and the outer diameter of the electrode 30 is increased radially outward. By increasing the outer diameter of the electrode 30 radially outward using such a diameter expansion mechanism 90, the electrode can be brought closer to the processing surface 150 of the workpiece 10, so that the processing of the workpiece 10 is performed. It becomes possible to process the surface 150 deeper.

  The rotation mechanism 50 is not limited to the one that rotates the electrode 30 with respect to the workpiece 10, and may be one that rotates the workpiece 10 with respect to the electrode 30.

  -The structure of the electrolytic processing apparatus 20 of the said embodiment can also be applied to the electrolytic processing apparatus which processes the outer surface of the to-be-processed object 10. FIG.

  -This invention is not limited to said specific example. That is, the above-described specific examples that are appropriately modified by those skilled in the art are also included in the scope of the present invention as long as they have the characteristics of the present invention. For example, each element included in each of the specific examples described above and its arrangement, material, shape, size, and the like are not limited to those illustrated, and can be changed as appropriate. Moreover, each element with which embodiment mentioned above is provided can be combined as long as it is technically possible, and the combination of these is also included in the scope of the present invention as long as it includes the features of the present invention.

10: Workpiece 20: Electrolytic processing device 30: Electrode 31: Internal passage 32: Tip 33: Outer peripheral surface 34: Slit 50: Rotating mechanism 60, 61: Insulating member 90: Diameter expansion mechanism 340: One end 341: The other end

Claims (7)

The workpiece is processed by applying a voltage between the electrode and the workpiece while supplying an electrolytic solution to the gap between the cylindrical electrode (30) and the workpiece (10). An electrolytic processing apparatus (20)
A rotation mechanism (50) for relatively rotating the electrode and the workpiece;
The electrode includes an internal passage (31) through which the electrolytic solution flows, and a plurality of slits (34) penetrating from the internal passage to the outer peripheral surface of the electrode. The electrolytic processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic solution flows from the gap between the electrode and the workpiece through the slit to the internal passage of the electrode. The electrolytic processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic solution flows from the internal passage of the electrode through the slit to a gap between the electrode and the workpiece. The rotation mechanism rotates the electrode around the central axis of the electrode,
The slit is formed on the outer peripheral surface (33) of the tip portion (32) of the electrode and is formed in a long hole shape extending in the direction of the central axis of the electrode,
When the end of the slit near the tip of the electrode is one end (340) and the end opposite to the one end is the other end (341),
The slit is disposed obliquely with respect to the central axis of the electrode so that the one end is positioned on the advance side in the rotation direction of the electrode with respect to the other end. The electrolytic processing apparatus as described in any one of these. The electrolytic processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an insulating member (60, 61) is provided in a portion of the electrode other than the portion facing the processing surface of the workpiece. The electrolytic processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a diameter expansion mechanism (90) that increases an outer diameter of the electrode radially outward. The workpiece is processed by applying a voltage between the electrode and the workpiece while supplying an electrolytic solution to the gap between the cylindrical electrode (30) and the workpiece (10). An electrochemical machining method,
The electrode includes an internal passage (31) through which the electrolytic solution flows, and a plurality of slits (34) penetrating from the internal passage to an outer peripheral surface of the electrode. Supplying an electrolyte to a gap between the electrode and the workpiece by flowing a solution;
Processing the workpiece while relatively rotating the electrode and the workpiece;
An electrolytic processing method comprising:

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