JP2017038481A - Capacitor module - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To use a capacitor (preferably, LIC or EDLC), as with, for example, a double-A or triple-A secondary battery on the market.SOLUTION: A capacitor and a charging/discharging circuit thereof are individually housed in outer cases, preferably, cylindrical cases 11 and 21(e.g., triple-A/double-A conversion spacers) including positive electrode terminals 11a and 21a and negative electrode terminals 11b and 21b formed at both ends, thereby obtaining a double-A type capacitor storage device 10 and a charge/discharge device 20. A charge element 30 of a solar cell or the like is connected to the charge/discharge device 20, thereby charging the capacitor storage device 10, and electric charges accumulated in the capacitor can be supplied to a device to be supplied with power, via the charge/discharge device 20.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a capacitor module that uses a capacitor used as a power source for a portable information terminal, a mouse, etc., and more specifically, for example, a capacitor that can be used in the same manner as a rod-shaped (cylindrical) secondary battery. It is about modules.

  Capacitors (also referred to as capacitors), in particular, electric double layer capacitors and lithium ion capacitors, are characterized by being capable of rapid charging as compared to secondary batteries, and having a large capacity and a long cycle life.

  However, although capacitors are regenerative power storage devices like secondary batteries, there are few cases where capacitors alone are used as power sources for personal digital assistants and mice, and in many cases, the slow charge / discharge characteristics of secondary batteries are mainly used. It is used together with a secondary battery as an auxiliary device to compensate for (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

JP 2002-330548 A JP 2011-139614 A

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to use a capacitor as a power source for a portable information terminal, a mouse or the like, for example, in the same manner as a commercially available secondary battery such as an AA or AAA type.

In order to solve the above problems, a capacitor module according to the present invention is a charge module comprising a capacitor, and a charge / discharge circuit board including a charge circuit and a discharge circuit for the capacitor housed in an outer case having a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal. A discharger and a charging element for charging the capacitor via the charging circuit;
The capacitor is connected to the charging circuit and the discharging circuit of the charger / discharger through lead wires, and the + and − output terminals of the discharging circuit are connected to the positive terminal and the discharging terminal in the outer case. Connected to the negative terminal,
The capacitor is charged from the charging element through the charging circuit, and the stored charge of the capacitor is fed from the positive terminal and the negative terminal to the power-supplied device through the discharging circuit.

  In the present invention, an energy harvesting device composed of a photovoltaic power generation element or a vibration power generation element is preferably employed as the charging element.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the vibration power generation element is housed in an outer case of the charger / discharger.

  Further, in order for the charger / discharger to be used as a virtual battery, the discharge circuit includes an output voltage variable circuit, and the output voltage variable circuit outputs the stored charge of the capacitor as approximately + 1.5V.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said exterior case is a cylindrical case which has the said positive electrode terminal and the said negative electrode terminal at both ends, and exhibits an AA battery or a AAA battery type | mold externally.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the outer case of the charger / discharger is a first cylindrical case, the second cylindrical case is the same as the first cylindrical case, and the capacitor is disposed in the second cylindrical case. Stored.

  In the present invention, an electric double layer capacitor or a lithium ion capacitor is preferably employed as the capacitor. The capacitor may be housed together with the charger / discharger in the exterior case.

  According to the present invention, the capacitor charger / discharger is placed in a cylindrical case having a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal at both ends, so that the capacitor can be used as a power source for a portable information terminal, a mouse, or the like via this charger / discharger. For example, it can be used in the same manner as a commercially available AA-type or AAA-type secondary battery.

The typical front view showing one embodiment of the capacitor module by the present invention. FIG. 2A is a left side view of the capacitor capacitor included in the capacitor module in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a simplified cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1. (A) The right view in FIG. 1 of the charger / discharger contained in the said capacitor module, (b) Sectional drawing which simplified the internal structure along the BB line of FIG. The schematic diagram which shows the electrical constitution of the said capacitor module. The schematic diagram which shows the example of application to the mouse | mouth of the said capacitor module. The graph which shows an example of the charge characteristic of a lithium ion capacitor. The graph which shows an example of the charge characteristic of an electric double layer capacitor.

  Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, but the present invention is not limited to this.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the capacitor module according to this embodiment includes a capacitor capacitor 10, its charger / discharger 20, and a charging element 30 as a basic configuration.

  2A and 2B, the capacitor capacitor 10 includes a cylindrical case (exterior case) 11 having a positive electrode terminal 11a and a negative electrode terminal 11b provided at both ends. A capacitor 12 is housed inside.

  In this embodiment, the cylindrical case 11 uses an AAA-AA conversion spacer that converts an AAA battery into an AA battery. The capacitor 12 is preferably a lithium ion capacitor (abbreviation: LIC) or an electric double layer capacitor (abbreviation: EDLC).

  In any case, the capacitor 12 encloses a capacitor element (not shown) together with an electrolyte in a bottomed cylindrical metal case (aluminum case) 121, and a pair of lead terminals 123 (123a, 123b) from the sealing portion 122 side. ) In the same direction.

  A lead wire 13 (13a, 13b) is connected to the lead terminal 123 (123a, 123b), and the capacitor 12 is connected to the charger / discharger 20 via the lead wire 13. The cylindrical case 11 is provided with an insertion hole 11 c for drawing out the lead wire 13. In this embodiment, the positive electrode terminal 11a and the negative electrode terminal 11b provided at both ends of the cylindrical case 11 of the capacitor capacitor 10 are dummy terminals that are not electrically involved.

  3A and 3B, the charger / discharger 20 has a cylindrical case (exterior case) 21 in which a positive electrode terminal 21a and a negative electrode terminal 21b are provided at both ends. A charging / discharging circuit board 22 for a capacitor is accommodated in 21.

  Similarly to the cylindrical case 11, the cylindrical case 21 uses a AAA → AA conversion spacer that converts an AAA battery to an AA battery, and the charge / discharge circuit board 22 is formed to be elongated so as to be accommodated in the cylindrical case 21. ing.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the charge / discharge circuit board 22 is provided with first and second two DC / DC converters 23 and 24. One first DC / DC converter 23 is for charging and the other second DC / DC converter 23 is for discharging. In the following description, the first DC / DC converter 23 is a charging circuit, and the second DC / DC converter 24 is discharged. Sometimes called a circuit. Although not shown in FIG. 4, the actual charging circuit and discharging circuit include, for example, a current limiting circuit and an overdischarge prevention circuit in addition to the DC / DC converter.

  The charge / discharge circuit board 22 includes a connector 25 for connecting the charging element 30 to the charging circuit (first DC / DC converter) 23 and an output terminal (charge discharging terminal) of the discharging circuit (second DC / DC converter) 24. ) 24a and 24b.

  In this case, the output terminal 24a is on the positive electrode side and the output terminal 24b is on the negative electrode side, and they are arranged at both ends of the charge / discharge circuit board 22, respectively. Preferably, the output terminals 24a and 24b are made of a leaf spring material, the output terminal 24a is in contact with the positive terminal 21a, and the output terminal 24b is in contact with the negative terminal 21b.

  A slit hole 21c is formed on the side surface of the cylindrical case 21 for the charger / discharger 20 along the axial direction, and the connector 25 is disposed in the slit hole 21c. In addition, the lead wire 13 (13a, 13b) is drawn into the cylindrical case 21 from the slit hole 21c, and the capacitor 12 is connected to the charging circuit 23 and the discharging circuit 24 through the lead wire 13.

  In this embodiment, a power receiving adapter 31 using a Qi (Chi) standard wireless power feeding method is used as the charging element 30. According to the Qi standard, by connecting a power supply pad 40 to a USB terminal of a personal computer and placing the power receiving adapter 31 on the power supply pad 40, + 5V, 0.5A power is supplied to the charging circuit 23 by electromagnetic induction, for example. .

  In this embodiment, both the capacitor capacitor 10 and the charger / discharger 20 are housed in the AA → AA conversion spacer and can be used in the same manner as the AA battery.

  As an example, as shown in FIG. 5, when used as a power source for a mouse M of a personal computer, the capacitor capacitor 10 and the charger / discharger 20 are placed in the battery box, and the power receiving adapter 31 is placed on the bottom surface of the mouse M. Install. According to this, the capacitor capacitor 10 can be charged by placing the mouse M on the power supply pad 40.

  In the present invention, a more preferable charging element 30 is a photovoltaic power generation element (including a dye-sensitized solar cell) called an energy harvesting device, or a vibration power generation element (vibration type, hand swing type, slide type, forced type) using a piezoelectric element. Drive type). According to these charging elements, the capacitor can be charged in a self-contained manner without requiring a power supply.

  When applying the energy harvesting device to the mouse M shown in FIG. 5, for example, in the case of a photovoltaic power generation element, it is only necessary to attach it to the outer surface of the mouse M, and the capacitor capacitor 10 can be charged even with indoor illumination light. .

  Further, in the case of the vibration power generation element, it may be attached to the outer surface of the mouse M or incorporated into the mouse M, and the capacitor capacitor 10 can be charged by vibration applied during mouse operation. In any case, since the power generation capability of the energy harvesting device is very small at present, it is necessary to amplify it with a power amplifier (power amplifier).

  Here, the charging characteristics when the capacitor 12 is a lithium ion capacitor (LIC) will be described with reference to the graph shown in FIG. The output voltage of the charging circuit (first DC / DC converter) 23 is +3.771 V, and the output current is 489 mA.

  Since the lithium ion capacitor tries to draw excessive current until the charging voltage after about 1 minute 30 seconds has reached about +3.63 V from the start of charging, the charging control circuit function reduces the charging current to 0.5 A or less. To keep it down. In the region of +3.63 V or more, the charging current gradually converges, and accordingly, the voltage rise becomes moderate, and the fully charged (+3.75 V) state is reached in about 5 minutes of charging time.

Estimate the mouse drive time of a personal computer with a fully charged lithium ion capacitor (+ 3.75V). The discharge time calculation formula is based on the following formula (1).
t = 0.5 × C × (V0 ² −V1 ² ) / P (1)
Where t is the discharge time (sec), C is the capacitance of the capacitor (F), V0 is the charge voltage, V1 is the voltage after discharge, P is the output (W), C is 10F, V0 and V1 are the main The voltage range of +3.75 to +2.3 V, which is the operating voltage range of LIC in the mouse used in the test, was set. In addition, since power consumption is high at the time of starting of a mouse | mouth, but it is about 10 seconds, it ignored in this calculation.

  During continuous operation, the theoretical power consumption of the mouse is about 8.8 mV, and the driveable time is estimated to be about 19,937 seconds≈5 hours 32 minutes. When the sleep state is not operated, the theoretical power consumption value of the mouse is about 0.18 mV, and the driveable time is estimated to be about 974722 seconds≈11 days, 6 hours and 45 minutes.

  Next, charging characteristics when the capacitor 12 is an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) will be described with reference to a graph shown in FIG. The output voltage of the charging circuit (first DC / DC converter) 23 is +2.680 V, and the output current is 486 mA.

  Since the electric double layer capacitor tries to draw an excessive current until the charging voltage of about 10 seconds after the start of charging reaches about +2.5 V, the charging current is set to 0.5 A or less by the charging control circuit function. It is suppressed to. In the region of +2.5 V or more, the charging current gradually converges, and the voltage rise gradually decreases accordingly, and a full charge (+2.67 V) state is reached in about 2 minutes 30 seconds.

  Estimate mouse drive time of personal computer with fully charged (+ 2.67V) electric double layer capacitor. The discharge time calculation formula is based on the above formula (1). In this case, C is 10F, V0, and V1 are +2.67 to +1.9 V, which is the operating voltage range of EDLC in the mouse used in this test. In addition, since power consumption is high at the time of starting of a mouse | mouth, but it is about 10 seconds, it ignored in this calculation.

  During continuous operation, the theoretical power consumption of the mouse is about 8.8 mV, and the driveable time is estimated to be about 2000 seconds≈33 minutes. When the sleep state is not operated, the theoretical power consumption value of the mouse is about 0.18 mV, and the driveable time is estimated to be about 97750 seconds≈27 hours 9 minutes.

  In addition, a mouse | mouth etc. can be driven as a virtual battery by including an output voltage variable circuit in the discharge circuit (2nd DC / DC converter) 24, and setting an output voltage to 1.5V, for example. Further, it is preferable to provide a fuse in the output system of the discharge circuit 24.

  Thus, according to the capacitor module of the present invention, the capacitor capacitor 10 and its charger / discharger 20 are placed in a cylindrical case (preferably a single-to-single AA conversion spacer) having a positive terminal and a negative terminal at both ends. The capacitor (preferably a lithium ion capacitor or electric double layer capacitor) can be used as a power source for portable information terminals, mice, etc. in the same way as a commercially available AA or AAA rechargeable battery. can do.

  In the above-described embodiment, the capacitor capacitor 10 and the charger / discharger 20 are both housed in a cylindrical case made of a AAA-AA conversion spacer as an outer case, but as another embodiment of the present invention, A cylindrical case or a box-shaped case having a larger internal volume than the AAA-AA conversion spacer can also be used for the outer case (the outer case having the positive terminal and the negative terminal).

  In that case, the vibration power generation element of the energy harvesting device is preferably placed in the outer case of the charger / discharger 20, but depending on the size of the outer case, the vibration power generation element may be connected to the capacitor capacitor 10 and the charger / discharger 20. Moreover, you may make it accommodate in one exterior case, and such an aspect is also contained in this invention.

10 Capacitor capacitor 11 Cylindrical case (AAA → AA conversion spacer)
11a Positive terminal 11b Negative terminal 12 Capacitor 13 Lead wire 20 Charger / Discharger 21 Cylindrical case (AAA → AA conversion spacer)
21a positive terminal 21b negative terminal 22 charge / discharge circuit board 23 charging circuit (first DC / DC converter)
24 Discharge circuit (second DC / DC converter)
24a, 24b Output terminal 25 Connector 30 Charging element

Claims (8)

A capacitor, a charger / discharger containing a charging / discharging circuit board including a charging circuit and a discharging circuit for the capacitor in an outer case having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and charging the capacitor via the charging circuit And a charging element that
The capacitor is connected to the charging circuit and the discharging circuit of the charger / discharger through lead wires, and the + and − output terminals of the discharging circuit are connected to the positive terminal and the discharging terminal in the outer case. Connected to the negative terminal,
The capacitor is charged from the charging element through the charging circuit, and the stored charge of the capacitor is fed from the positive terminal and the negative terminal to the power-supplied device through the discharging circuit. .   2. The capacitor module according to claim 1, wherein an energy harvesting device including a photovoltaic power generation element or a vibration power generation element is used as the charging element.   The capacitor module according to claim 2, wherein the vibration power generation element is housed in an outer case of the charger / discharger.   2. The discharge circuit includes an output voltage variable circuit, and the stored charge of the capacitor is output as approximately +1.5 V by the output voltage variable circuit, and the charger / discharger is used as a virtual battery. 4. The capacitor module according to any one of items 3 to 3.   5. The cylindrical case according to claim 1, wherein the outer case is a cylindrical case having the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal at both ends, and having an AA battery or AAA battery type appearance. The capacitor module described.   The outer case of the charger / discharger is a first cylindrical case, and further includes a second cylindrical case identical to the first cylindrical case, and the capacitor is housed in the second cylindrical case. Item 6. The capacitor module according to Item 5.   The capacitor module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the capacitor is an electric double layer capacitor or a lithium ion capacitor.   5. The capacitor module according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor is accommodated together with the charger / discharger in the outer case. 6.