JP2004538201A5 - - Google Patents

Description

Hulk covering

  The present invention relates to a process for protecting underwater resident article areas, in particular hulls of ships, from aquatic growths and perforators.

  Historically, ships have been made of wood, but there are aquatic organisms and perforators that eat the wood that make up the hulls of the ship, such as the Toredo worm and the bark beetle (Gribble), which are the life of the hull. Make it shorter.

  In the late 1700s, copper hulls were used to prevent wooden hull ships from being infested by perforators, and it was soon found that the copper hulls also hinder aquatic life. However, copper hulls could not be used in iron-clad ships being developed at this time. Copper promotes the corrosion process through the galvanic action of iron and steel.

  The development of antifouling coatings for application to underwater resident component areas soon followed. Early antifouling paints were poor in properties as they contained only cuprous oxide as an active ingredient. Late antifouling paints contained cuprous oxide, tin and tributyltin compounds (TBT) as active ingredients, which improved properties, but led to the destruction of aquatic organisms such as crustacean resources. The use of TBT is now banned on all ships under 25m.

  Despite the availability of various antifouling paints, each has drawbacks either in properties or environmental impact. In addition, to treat ship hulls and all other components with antifouling paint, the ship must be removed from the water to remove aquatic organisms before applying antifouling paint, which is toxic to humans and the environment. , And must be scrubbed until the area to be applied is clean. This task, ideally performed annually, is time consuming, unpleasant, stressful and expensive for components such as ships.

  There is a need for a treatment that is effective for ships and other components that spend long periods of time under water, lasts more than a year, and is generally environmentally friendly.

Accordingly, the present invention is an article of manufacture for treating an underwater resident component area, comprising a number of shapes and carrier films formed of copper or a copper-nickel alloy, and resident underwater. The present invention provides a product in which a shape is fixedly used so as to have a gap between the shapes at an appropriate position of the member in a member region to be used.

  Copper or copper-nickel alloy profiles protect wooden components from decay and burrowing insects, protect steel from rusting, aid in osmosis protection in glass fiber reinforced polyester, and protect aquatic organisms. Providing a highly durable oxidized surface that hinders.

  The profile is preferably made of a copper-nickel alloy.

  Copper-nickel alloy oxide, unlike cuprous oxide, which destroys the environment, does not leach into the sea and is generally only removed by corrosion. This can occur when the member moves at high speed. The copper-nickel alloy oxide remains effective on the alloy surface for a long period of time, and the alloy itself wears very slowly, leading to a long life processing of 6 years or more.

  The copper nickel alloy is cupronickel 90/10. Copper-nickel alloys are active ingredients in manufactured articles. Cupronickel 90/10 is most effective at interfering with aquatic life without adversely affecting the environment. Other copper-nickel alloys, such as cupronickel 70/30, may need to be improved in durability or other properties, for example, by moving quickly through water to cause corrosion of cupronickel 90/10 to an undesirable level. It is required for the member when it does.

  The shapes are preferably interfacing shapes. The connecting shape is preferably used in a region of the member which is preferably resident under the water so that the shape is substantially connected.

  The connecting features preferably have a thickness between 150 microns and 500 microns, more preferably 150 microns. The thickness of the connecting shape allows it to trace around the member to which the connecting shape is secured. The maximum diameter of the profile is preferably between 4 mm and 30 mm, depending on the end use.

At an appropriate position in the component area, the separation between the connecting features is preferably no more than 0.4 mm wide. The size of the separation is a compromise between the small dimensions desired to limit the location of aquatic organisms and the penetration of perforators and the limitations of manipulating the separation between features. The spacing between the connecting features is advantageous as it facilitates the matching of the features to the shape of the member to be coated. Previously used metal foil materials had to be pressed and rolled into the shape of the component area to be coated.

  The connecting shape preferably has three or more sides. The most preferred connection shapes are hexagons and squares. Sharp corners are not preferred because they can obstruct the laminar flow of water forming the drag and are susceptible to damage. Therefore, hexagons and squares are ideal as shapes.

  Alternatively, the shape may be particulate, eg, substantially spherical. The fine particles are preferably used in such a manner that each fine particle is fixed to a member region resident under the water surface at the time of use so that each fine particle comes into contact with or substantially comes into contact with an adjacent fine particle.

  The microparticles preferably have a diameter of 150 microns or less, more preferably 100 microns or less, even more preferably 50 microns or less.

  In a first aspect, the shape is removably secured to the carrier film. The profile is detachably secured to the carrier film, preferably by a suitable adhesive. The carrier film is preferably a plastic material capable of incorporating unevenness without folds.

  The interlocking features are preferably secured to the carrier film to produce a regular pattern of features, each surrounded by a regular narrow spacing that preferably forms a boundary. The width of the boundary is preferably 0.150 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less. The separation between the coupling features allows the carrier material holding the coupling features to be manipulated to conform to the component area to be coated.

  If microparticles are used, the microparticles are preferably removably secured to the carrier film so as to provide a uniform coverage of the microparticles on the film.

  The article of manufacture can be provided in sheet or band form.

  The carrier film holds the features together during manufacture and installation and protects the installation until it is ready for use.

  The carrier film is preferably standard low density polyethylene, more preferably 60 microns. The adhesive for detachably fixing the shaped body to the carrier film is preferably an acrylic adhesive.

  In a second aspect, the shape is permanently affixed to one side of the carrier film. The profile is permanently affixed to one side of the carrier film, preferably by a suitable adhesive, preferably a solvent modified acrylic adhesive.

  The carrier film is preferably a plastic material, more preferably a plastic material capable of incorporating unevenness without folds, and more preferably a waterproof plastic material. More preferably, the carrier film is a waterproof polyester membrane.

  Alternatively, the carrier film is an acrylic foam adhesive. The shaped body permanently adheres to the acrylic foam adhesive due to the nature of the acrylic foam adhesive. Acrylic foam adhesives are particularly useful for deep sea applications.

  The interlocking features are preferably secured to the carrier film to produce a regular pattern of features, each surrounded by a regular narrow spacing that preferably forms a boundary. The width of the boundary is preferably 0.150 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less. The separation between the coupling features allows the carrier material holding the coupling features to be manipulated to conform to the component area to be coated.

  If microparticles are used, the microparticles are preferably affixed to the carrier film so as to provide a uniform coverage of the microparticles on the film.

  The article of manufacture can be provided in sheet or band form.

  The carrier material more preferably has an adhesive on the surface that does not hold the connecting features. The adhesive is preferably a solvent-modified acrylic adhesive. The surface holding the adhesive is preferably coated with a removable backing, which protects the adhesive until it is ready for use.

  The provision of a carrier material to which the shape is permanently fixed, preferably with an adhesive surface, allows for simple application to parts of articles of manufacture.

  In a second aspect, a protective film may be removably secured, preferably by a suitable adhesive, to the surface of the article holding the shape to protect the shape during manufacture and installation. The protective film is preferably standard low density polyethylene, more preferably 60 microns. The adhesive for detachably fixing the protective film to the shape body is preferably an acrylic adhesive.

  The carrier film holding the interconnected shape preferably secures the continuous film of copper or copper-nickel alloy using a suitable adhesive, preferably depending on whether the shape is removably or permanently attached to the carrier film. Carrier film material. The interconnected shapes are preferably chemically etched with a hydrochloric acid based etchant (etchant), more preferably using either an acid resistant ink mask or a dry film photoresist to remove unwanted copper nickel material. It is made by doing. The acid-resistant ink mask or dry film photoresist is developed with the desired pattern, coated with copper or a copper-nickel alloy and left fixed to the carrier film, while the base hydrochloric acid removes the unprotected metal material. Used to dissolve chemically.

  Alternatively, the pattern of interconnect features may be acid-etched, more preferably an epoxy-acid resist to coat the copper or copper-nickel alloy and remain adhered to the carrier film, and an acid to remove unwanted materials. And may be created using

  Articles of manufacture can also be made by processes such as pressing, stamping, rolling, grinding, electrical-laser processes, milling, and the like.

  Articles of manufacture made of a carrier material holding copper or copper-nickel alloy fine particles are preferably applied to the surface of the carrier film by using an appropriate adhesive depending on whether the fine particles are detachable or permanently fixed to the film. It is made by coating.

  Excess non-adhered particulates are preferably removed from the carrier film by shaking the film. More preferably, the fine particles are applied to the carrier film when the carrier film is unwound from the first roller and re-wound onto the second roller.

  The carrier material is very flexible, so that the article of manufacture can easily be used to treat sharp edges and tight contours of the member area.

  The present invention also provides a method for treating a submerged resident component area, comprising: forming a plurality of features formed of copper or a copper-nickel alloy and affixed to a carrier film in the submerged resident component area. , Wherein the shapes are applied so as to contact or substantially contact each other.

  In a first aspect, the profile is applied in a sheet form releasably attached to the carrier film to the component area, more preferably with an adhesive. The use of a sheet material makes it easier to install the shaped body.

  The profile sheet may be applied directly to the member area to be coated. Preferably, a suitable adhesive system, such as an epoxy-based primer followed by an adhesive epoxy resin, is applied to the member area to be coated by brush, roller or spray means. The epoxy adhesive is preferably based on a bisphenol A epoxy resin that reacts with the addition polyamine. This results in a flexible cured product. The adhesive system secures the shape to the component area to be coated and provides additional protection against decay, rust, perforators and penetration.

  Preferably, the shaped body sheet is pressed into the adhesive system while the shaped body is in contact with the adhesive system. Rollers may be used to apply pressure to the sheet to ensure adhesion.

  Once the adhesive system is cured, the component areas remain covered with a number of features that are in contact or substantially in contact with each other, even when the carrier film is peeled off.

  The profile may instead be applied to a member area that is made by molding. Preferably, the profile sheet is positioned within the mold while the profile is facing the mold. The profiled sheet may be held in place by an adhesive, preferably a heat or pressure activated adhesive. The use of a heat or pressure sensitive adhesive allows any repositioning of the sheet prior to activation of the adhesive.

  The facing features in the mold are coated with a suitable adhesive system before starting the molding process, for example using brushes, rollers, spray means. Once the molding process is completed, the mold is removed, leaving the shaped body sheet adhered to the mold member. The carrier film is then preferably peeled off, leaving the component area covered with the feature.

  The member region may be treated with a manufactured article made of a carrier film holding a connected shape, a manufactured article made of a carrier film holding fine particles, or a combination of these manufactured articles. More preferably, the article of manufacture comprising the carrier film holding the microparticles is used on sharp edges or cramped member areas, and the remaining article to be coated with the article of manufacture comprising the carrier film holding the interconnected shape is used. Used on the member area.

  In a second aspect, a sheet-like shape permanently or more preferably glued to one side of the carrier film is applied to the member area. The surface of the carrier film that does not retain the shape is preferably provided with an adhesive and is preferably covered with a protective film. The use of a sheet material, preferably one having an adhesive surface, makes it easier to install the article of manufacture.

  The profile sheet may be applied directly to the component area to be coated. Preferably, the component areas to be coated are thoroughly cleaned to provide a good surface to which the article of manufacture is applied.

  The adhesive surface of the carrier film is pressed onto the component, preferably with a profile facing away from the component. Rollers may be used to apply pressure to the sheet to ensure adhesion.

  Any protective film covering the article of manufacture is peeled off, leaving the member area covered with a number of features in contact with or substantially in contact with each other.

  The features may alternatively be applied to the member areas being made by the mold. Preferably, the profile sheet is positioned within the mold while the profile is facing the mold. The profiled sheet may be held in place by an adhesive, preferably a heat or pressure sensitive adhesive. The use of a heat or pressure sensitive adhesive allows any repositioning of the sheet prior to activation of the adhesive.

  Remove any protective film covering the adhesive surface of the carrier film. Once the molding process is completed, the shaped body sheet remains adhered to the mold member even if the mold is removed. Any protective film covering the profile is preferably subsequently stripped, leaving the component region with the profile covered by the profile.

  The member region may be treated with a manufactured article made of a carrier film holding a connected shape, a manufactured article made of a carrier film holding fine particles, or a combination of both types of manufactured articles.

  In aspects of the invention, the separation between the features is preferably filled with grout, more preferably epoxy grout.

The present invention is further directed to a member having an area that resides below the surface of the water, wherein the area is covered with a number of shapes formed of copper or a copper-nickel alloy, the shapes being located between the shapes on the member area. Providing said member arranged to be spaced apart ;

  The material of the present invention and the method of using the same will be described by examples with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a manufactured article 1 of the present invention. The article of manufacture 1 comprises a carrier film 2 and a number of hexagons 3 made of cupronickel 90/10 alloy adhered to the carrier film 2.

The composition of Cupronickel 90/10 alloy is
0.05 carbon maximum,
Cobalt 0.1 max,
Iron 1.0-2.0,
Manganese 0.5-1.0,
Nickel 9.0-10.0,
Phosphorus 0.02 max,
Lead 0.02 max,
Sulfur 0.05 max,
Tin 0.03 max,
Zinc 0.5 max,
Impurity 0.2 max,
Copper residue.

  Hexagons 3 are assigned to rows on carrier film 2 and each row is shifted by half a hexagon with respect to the adjacent row. Hexagons 3 are spaced from each other by a maximum of 0.4 mm in each direction, which creates a boundary 4 around each hexagon 3. Hexagon 3 has a width (w) from one side to the opposite side of 5 mm and a thickness of 0.150 mm.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view of another manufactured article 5 of the present invention. The manufactured article 5 includes a carrier film 2 and a large number of spherical fine particles 7 made of cupronickel 90/10 alloy (the composition is described above) fixed to the carrier film 2. The fine particles 7 are fixed to the carrier film 2 by an appropriate adhesive.

  The fine particles 7 are randomly allocated on the carrier film 2, and each fine particle is in contact with or substantially in contact with an adjacent fine particle. The fine particles 7 are spaced from each other by a maximum of 0.4 mm in each direction. The diameter (d) of the fine particles 7 is 0.150 mm.

  The article of manufacture 1 is made of a carrier film 2 having a continuous film of cupronickel 90/10 affixed as described below. The pattern of the connection shape body is to chemically etch unnecessary copper nickel material with an etching agent (etching solution) based on hydrochloric acid using an acid resistant ink mask or dry film photoresist that develops the desired pattern Create by The etchant mask used is compatible with the epoxy and adhesive used to secure the material 1 of the present invention to the component (in this example, the component is a ship hull).

  The manufactured article 5 is made by unwinding the carrier film 2 from the roll and exposing the side surface of the carrier film 2 holding an adhesive for fixing the shaped body to the carrier film to the fine particles 7 of cupronickel 90/10. The fine particles 7 are sprinkled only on the carrier film 6 holding the adhesive by the action of gravity. Excess non-adhesive fine particles 7 are removed from the carrier film 2 by vibration of the film 6. The film coated with microparticles 7 is then rewound and stored ready for use.

  In the description of the remaining FIGS. 3 and 4, the description to hexagon 3 is meant to include fine particles 7.

  In the first aspect of the invention shown in FIG. 3, the carrier film 2 is formed of 60 micron standard low density polyethylene and has an acrylic adhesive on one surface 2a, which during the manufacturing and installation process, Formulated to hold hexagon 3 on film 2.

  In the second aspect of the present invention shown in FIG. 4, the carrier film 2 is formed of a waterproof polyester membrane, and has a solvent-modified acrylic adhesive on one surface 2a. Formulated to hold on. The other surface 2b of the film 2 is provided with a solvent-modified acrylic adhesive for fixing the manufactured article to the member. A protective film 10 made of standard low-density polyethylene is provided and is detachably fixed to the hexagon 3 with an acrylic adhesive. A protective film 11 is provided and removably secured to the adhesive-bearing surface 2b to protect the adhesive until the article of manufacture is used.

  The articles of manufacture of the present invention can be applied to existing ship hulls so that future pollution control agents are not required, and can also be provided when manufacturing new ship hulls.

  In order to apply the manufactured articles 1,5 to the existing hull of the ship, each manufactured article is used in the same way.

  In the first aspect, Hull first prepares for cleaning to remove any existing aquatic organisms. Epoxy primer is applied to the hull with a brush to a level 60 mm above the loaded water line. Once the primer has cured, apply the adhesive epoxy resin to the primed hull with a brush. The articles 1,5 are then applied in sheet form to the hull while the cupronickel 90/10 shaped bodies 3,7 are in contact with the adhesive on the hull. Pressure is applied by rollers to ensure that the profiles 3, 7 are pressed into the adhesive on the hull. Once the adhesive has cured, the carrier film 2 is peeled from the profiles 3,7, leaving behind a hull coated with the profiles 3,7 made of cupronickel 90/10 in contact or substantial contact with each other .

  When applying the products 1,5 to a new ship having molded hulls, a normal mold is prepared. A shipbuilding engineer may be used to provide a plan that shows how to cut the articles of manufacture 1,5, position them in the mold, and cover the entire hull.

  A heat-sensitive adhesive having low adhesive strength is applied to the prepared mold. This adhesive allows the sheets of articles 1, 5 to be positioned, re-positioned if necessary, and held in place in the molding while the carrier film 2 is in contact with the adhesive. Once the sheets of articles 1, 5 are correctly positioned, a low heat source is applied to push the sheets of articles 1, 5 into the mold using rollers.

  Next, an epoxy-based primer is applied to the exposed surfaces of the manufactured articles 1 and 5, that is, the cupronickel 90/10 shaped bodies 3 and 7 with a brush, cured, and subsequently, an epoxy resin for bonding is applied. The hull is then trimmed in a typical manner of molding.

  After completing the hull molding, remove it from the mold. Water may be used to easily remove the hull from the mold. The carrier film 2 is then peeled off, leaving behind a molded hull covered with features 3,7 made of cupronickel 90/10 in contact or substantial contact with each other.

  In the treatment of existing or newly built hulls, articles of manufacture 5 carrying particulates 7 made of cupronickel 90/10 alloy generally apply to hull areas having sharp edges or cramped shapes. The use of the microparticles 7 adhered to the carrier film 6 makes the article of manufacture 5 flexible, making it easier to use in these places. The article of manufacture 1 holding the bonded hexagon 3 adhered to the carrier film 2 is generally applied to a larger and more accessible area of the hull.

  In the second aspect, Hull first prepares for cleaning to remove any existing aquatic organisms. Next, the protective film 11 is removed, the solvent-modified acrylic adhesive is exposed on the surface 2b, and the articles 1, 5 are applied to the hull in a sheet shape while the adhesive surface 2b is in contact with the hull. Pressure is applied by rollers to ensure that the sheets of shapes 3,7 are firmly adhered to the hull by the adhesive. The protective film 10 is then peeled off from the profiles 3,7, leaving behind the hull covered by the profiles 3,7 made of cupronickel 90/10 in contact or substantial contact with each other.

  When applying the products 1 and 5 to a new ship having a molded hull, a normal mold is prepared. A shipbuilding engineer may be used to provide a plan showing how to cut the articles of manufacture 1,5, position them in the mold, and cover the entire hull.

  A heat-sensitive adhesive having low adhesive strength is applied to the prepared mold. This adhesive allows the sheets of articles 1, 5 to be positioned, re-positioned if necessary, and held in place within the molding while the carrier films 2, 6 are in contact with the adhesive. Once the sheets of articles 1, 5 are correctly positioned, a low heat source is applied to push the sheets of articles 1, 5 into the mold using rollers.

  Next, an epoxy-based primer is applied to the exposed surfaces of the manufactured articles 1 and 5, that is, the cupronickel 90/10 shaped bodies 3 and 7 with a brush, cured, and subsequently, an epoxy resin for bonding is applied. The hull is then trimmed in a typical manner of molding.

  The protective sheet 11 is removed from the surface 2b of the carrier film to expose the solvent-modified adhesive. The hull is then trimmed in a typical manner of molding.

After completing the hull molding, remove it from the mold. Water may be used to easily remove the hull from the mold. The protective film 10 is then peeled off, exposing the features 3,7, leaving behind a new mold hull, preferably coated with the features 3,7 made of cupronickel 90/10 in contact with each other .

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the manufactured article of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of another manufactured article of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a manufactured article according to the first aspect of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a manufactured article according to the second aspect of the present invention.

Claims (33)

A article of manufacture for processing a member regions that reside under water, a number of shaped body formed of copper or a copper-nickel alloy and made from the carrier film, the member area resides below the water surface, shaped body member An article of manufacture which is fixed and used so as to have a gap between the shapes at an appropriate position .   The article of manufacture of claim 1, wherein the shape is a copper-nickel alloy shape.   The article of manufacture of claim 2, wherein said copper-nickel alloy is Cupronickel 90/10.   An article of manufacture according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the thickness of the shape is between 150 microns and 500 microns.   5. The article of manufacture of claim 4, wherein the shape has a thickness of 150 microns.   The manufactured article according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the maximum diameter of the shape body is 4 mm to 30 mm.   The manufactured article according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the shape is a connection shape.   The manufactured article according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shape is fine particles.   The article of manufacture according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the width of the space between the connected shapes is 0.4 mm or less when located in the member region.   10. The article of manufacture of claim 9, wherein said fine particles have a diameter of 150 microns or less.   The manufactured article according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the shape is detachably fixed to the carrier film.   The article of manufacture according to claim 11, wherein the carrier film is a plastic material capable of incorporating unevenness without folds.   An article of manufacture according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the carrier film is a standard low density polyethylene.   The manufactured article according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the shape body is fixed to the carrier film with an acrylic adhesive.   The manufactured article according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the shape is permanently fixed to one surface of the carrier film.   The manufactured article according to claim 15, wherein the shape body is permanently fixed to one surface of the carrier film with a solvent-modified acrylic adhesive.   The article of manufacture according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the carrier film is a waterproof plastic material capable of incorporating unevenness without folds.   19. The article of manufacture of claim 17, wherein the carrier film is a waterproof polyester membrane.   19. The article of manufacture of any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the carrier material has an adhesive on a surface that does not hold the connected features.   20. The manufactured article according to claim 19, wherein the adhesive is a solvent-modified acrylic adhesive.   21. The article of manufacture of any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein a protective film is removably secured to a surface of the article of manufacture holding the body to protect the body during manufacture and installation. .   The article of manufacture of claim 15, wherein said carrier film is an acrylic foam adhesive.   An article of manufacture according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the article of manufacture is provided in sheet or strip form.   Prepare a carrier film to which a continuous film of copper or copper-nickel alloy is fixed, and contact the unnecessary copper-nickel material by chemically etching it with an acid-based etching agent so that there is a gap between the shapes. 2. The method for producing an article of manufacture of claim 1, comprising producing a number of shaped bodies that substantially contact. A method for treating a submerged resident member area, comprising: separating a plurality of shapes formed of copper or a copper-nickel alloy onto a carrier film ; It said method consisting in applying to to have.   26. The method of claim 25, wherein the shape is removably secured to the carrier film.   A suitable adhesive system is applied to the area of the member to be coated, the shape is pressed against the shape sheet while in contact with the adhesive system, and the carrier film is peeled off, and a number of shapes contacting or substantially in contact with each other. 27. The method of claim 26, comprising leaving the coated component area.   While facing the shaped body to the mold, the shaped body sheet is positioned in the mold, the shaped body facing the inside of the mold is covered with an appropriate adhesive system, a molding process is performed, the mold is removed, and the mold member is removed. 27. The method of claim 26, comprising leaving the bonded feature sheet and peeling off the carrier film, leaving a member area with the member area covered with the shape.   26. The method of claim 25, wherein the shape is permanently adhered to the surface of the carrier film, and the surface of the carrier film that does not retain the shape has an adhesive.   The method of claim 1 further comprising pressing the adhesive surface of the carrier film onto the member with a shape facing away from the member, leaving a member area covered with a number of shapes that contact or substantially contact each other. Item 30. The method according to Item 29.   Positioning the shaped body sheet in the mold while facing the adhesive surface of the carrier film to the mold, performing a molding step, removing the mold, leaving the shaped body sheet adhered to the mold member, and peeling off the carrier film 30. The method of claim 29, comprising leaving the member areas covered with a number of features that contact or substantially contact each other.   32. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 31, wherein grout is applied to the separation between the features. A member having an area that resides below the surface of the water, the area being covered with a number of shapes formed of copper or a copper-nickel alloy, such that the shape has a separation between the shapes on the member area. Said member arranged.