EP3289147B1 - Building element and associated reinforcing device - Google Patents

Building element and associated reinforcing device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3289147B1
EP3289147B1 EP16726130.4A EP16726130A EP3289147B1 EP 3289147 B1 EP3289147 B1 EP 3289147B1 EP 16726130 A EP16726130 A EP 16726130A EP 3289147 B1 EP3289147 B1 EP 3289147B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building element
insulating component
element according
mineral wool
affixed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16726130.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3289147A1 (en
EP3289147C0 (en
Inventor
Carole DURANTET
Jan Goor
Leif Andersson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Isover SA France
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Saint Gobain Isover SA France
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3289147A1 publication Critical patent/EP3289147A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3289147B1 publication Critical patent/EP3289147B1/en
Publication of EP3289147C0 publication Critical patent/EP3289147C0/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/943—Building elements specially adapted therefor elongated
    • E04B1/944—Building elements specially adapted therefor elongated covered with fire-proofing material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/388—Separate connecting elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
    • E04B2/7411—Details for fire protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7453—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with panels and support posts, extending from floor to ceiling
    • E04B2/7457—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with panels and support posts, extending from floor to ceiling with wallboards attached to the outer faces of the posts, parallel to the partition
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/388—Separate connecting elements
    • E04B2001/389—Brackets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2103/00—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like
    • E04B2103/04—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like of plastics, fibrous material or wood

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction element intended in particular for the construction of a building, such as a house, a building, etc., as well as an associated reinforcement device.
  • Construction with wooden elements is nowadays more and more popular with users who want to limit their impact on the environment.
  • such a building element comprises a wooden frame with several beams or uprights assembled forming the supporting structure of the element and one or more facing plates, for example made of plaster or chipboard, fixed to the frame.
  • An insulating layer for example mineral wool, is placed between the beams of the frame to provide thermo-acoustic insulation to the building element.
  • the increase in fire resistance also allows a better classification in terms of standards and therefore opens up a wider field of application for the construction element in the construction of buildings.
  • US2011056163 discloses a construction element for a building according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention aims to provide a construction element having improved fire resistance.
  • the invention aims to provide a device for reinforcing such a construction element.
  • the subject of the invention is a construction element for a building comprising a framework with at least one wooden beam and at least one facing plate fixed to the beam of the framework, the construction element comprising a component of mineral wool insulation affixed to the beam so as to cover said beam on the one hand on a front face and on the other hand on at least part of the side faces, the insulation component affixed to the front face being interposed between the facing plate and the beam.
  • the construction element may also include one or more of the following characteristics taken alone or in combination:
  • the mineral wool insulation component completely covers the side faces.
  • the mineral wool insulation component is also affixed to the rear face of the beam opposite the front face so as to encompass said beam completely.
  • the orientation of the fibers may include a component parallel to this face, in particular the dominant direction of the orientation of the mineral fibers of the mineral wool insulation component is parallel to this face.
  • the thickness of the insulation component is for example greater than or equal to 15mm and in particular comprised between 15mm and 50mm, more particularly 25mm.
  • the density of the mineral wool insulation component is for example greater than or equal to 30 kg/m 3 , in particular between 80 kg/m 3 and 100 kg/m 3 and more particularly between 85 kg/m 3 and 91 kg/m 3 .
  • the insulation component can be affixed to the wood beam by gluing and/or mechanical fastening.
  • the construction element further comprises a reinforcement device having at least one cross-sectional part of a general "U" shape, the bottom of the "U” being arranged facing the front face and the branches of the "U" facing the side faces, each side branch being fixed at an end zone in the side face of the beam, the insulation component being interposed either between the reinforcement device on the one hand and the beam on the other hand, or between the bottom of the U and the facing plate.
  • a reinforcement device having at least one cross-sectional part of a general "U” shape, the bottom of the "U” being arranged facing the front face and the branches of the "U" facing the side faces, each side branch being fixed at an end zone in the side face of the beam, the insulation component being interposed either between the reinforcement device on the one hand and the beam on the other hand, or between the bottom of the U and the facing plate.
  • the length of each branch of the reinforcement device is greater than half the thickness of the beam.
  • the reinforcement device may include vent openings.
  • the invention also relates to a reinforcement device for a construction element as defined above, the reinforcement device comprising on the one hand a front face intended to be fixed facing the front face of a beam and on the other hand at least two lateral branches intended to be fixed on the lateral sides of a wooden beam.
  • the length of each branch of the reinforcement device is greater than 40mm, in particular between 50mm and 70mm, in particular 60mm.
  • the reinforcement device comprises degassing openings.
  • the invention further relates to a set of reinforcement devices comprising at least one pair of reinforcement devices as defined above, the respective side branches of which have complementary cut-out shapes.
  • the invention finally relates to a construction element comprising at least one mineral wool panel and means for reinforcing the panel on the front and side faces of a wooden beam, in particular a device as defined above.
  • the construction element comprises a panel formed of three segments, in particular chamfered, continuous or contiguous, connected by their outer faces, the panel being foldable by foldable hinges so as to surround the wooden beam.
  • FIG 1 schematically shows a construction element 1 for a building.
  • a construction element 1 for a building may be an element forming a wall, partition, floor or ceiling.
  • It may be a prefabricated element, that is to say assembled for example in the factory to be delivered to a construction site, or be assembled on site.
  • the building element 1 can also integrate or incorporate other elements such as windows or doors without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the building element 1 comprises in particular a framework with at least one, in this case three wooden beams 3 which are for example regularly spaced from each other. These are three 3-bearing beams. These beams 3 are carriers for the building element 1 itself, but can also be carriers in a broader sense for the building for which it is used.
  • the beam(s) may be square or rectangular in cross-section.
  • this frame can also include more wooden crosspieces to stiffen the construction.
  • At least one facing plate 4 is fixed to the beams 3 of the wooden frame.
  • a single plate 4 covers the three beams.
  • several plates covering only two successive beams can be juxtaposed laterally.
  • a thermally insulating layer 5 for example made of mineral wool such as glass or rock wool, is placed between the beams 3.
  • the insulating layer 5 is for example a mineral wool marketed by the Applicant under the trademark "ULTIMATE TM ". It is a mineral wool manufactured according to a specific composition and process giving it good fire resistance approaching 700°C. This product, available in ranges of relatively low density with given thermal performance, is an advantage for producing a light construction element. For example we here uses a density of 20kg/m3. Rock or glass wool is also possible.
  • FIG 2 On the figure 2 is shown in a cross-sectional view along section line II-II a detail of the building element 1 of the figure 1 without the insulating layer 5.
  • the construction element 1 comprises an insulation component 7 made of additional mineral wool and different from the insulating layer 5.
  • This insulation component 7 is affixed to the wooden beam 3 and is interposed between the facing plate 4 and a front face 9 of the beam 3 which is opposite the facing plate 4.
  • the insulation component 7 is fixed against the beam 3 and extends on the side faces 11 of the beam 3, so to cover these partially or totally, typically over at least 50%, in this case completely. It is in plane contact against the face or faces of the beam.
  • the mineral wool insulation component 7 is formed at least in part of fibers in a proportion of between 80% and 99% by weight.
  • the spatial orientation of the fibers includes a component parallel to the face 9 or 11 against which the insulation component 7 is fixed.
  • the dominant direction of orientation of the mineral fibers of the insulation component 7 is parallel to the face 9 or 11 against which the insulation component 7 is fixed. This effectively prevents flames from directly licking the wood of beam 3 during direct exposure to fire of building element 1.
  • the insulating component may thus have a structure of mineral wool felt in which the fibers are distributed substantially in the form of strata substantially parallel to the main surfaces of the component. It can also have a felt structure densified by pendular coating or by creping, these two techniques known per se in the field of mineral wool have the effect of partially reorienting the mineral wool fibers with a vertical component in the direction of the component thickness. Such a partial rearrangement preserves sufficient horizontal orientation to oppose the passage of air, heat radiation, or flames.
  • the insulation component 7 can be composed of continuous or contiguous segments of mineral wool.
  • This insulation component 7 is in this embodiment in direct contact with the beam 3 and fixed against the latter by gluing with a silicate adhesive or a mineral mortar and a mechanical fixing such as for example a reinforcement device 13 shown in figure 2 .
  • the insulation component 7 has a thickness which can vary according to the fire protection to be provided to the wooden element. It is greater than or equal to 15mm and in particular between 15mm and 50mm (terminals included), more particularly 25mm.
  • the density of the material of the insulation component 7 is for example greater than or equal to 30 kg/m 3 , in particular between 80 kg/m 3 and 100 kg/m 3 (limits included) and more particularly between 85 kg/m 3 and 91 kg/ m 3 (terminals included).
  • the mineral wool of the insulation component 7 is therefore denser than that of the mineral wool of the insulating layer 5 and is in particular configured in the form of a rigid panel or a strip.
  • the mineral wool of the insulation component 7 is made with mineral fibers resistant to high temperatures.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a perspective view a diagram of a reinforcement device 13 according to a first embodiment.
  • the reinforcement device 13 is for example made of metal, in particular folded sheet metal, preferably galvanized, and has in cross section a general "U" shape and the insulation component 7 is sandwiched between the reinforcement device 13 d on the one hand and beam 3 on the other hand (see figure 2 ) or applied between the reinforcement device 13 and the facing (see figure 6 ).
  • the reinforcement device 13 is formed of a front plate 15 and for example two pairs of branches 17A and 17B spaced apart so as to be able to hold between said pairs of branches 17A and 17B the beam 3 and possibly the insulation component 7 .
  • the bottom of the "U” formed by the front plate 15 is arranged at the level of the front face 9 and the pairs of branches 17A, 17B of the "U” at the level of the side faces 11, each pair of side branches 17A, 17B being fixed at the level of an end zone 19A, 19B in the side face 11 of the beam 3, for example by screws 23 (see figure 2 ).
  • each pair of branches 17A, 17B of the reinforcement device 13 depends on the particular geometry of the wooden element to be protected and is generally provided to extend over at least half the thickness of the wooden element. drink.
  • the end zone 19A, 19B makes it possible to receive a screw 23 which is anchored in the wooden element in a position located beyond half the thickness of the beam, at a maximized distance with respect to the face likely to be exposed to fire.
  • the length of the branches is greater than or equal to 40mm, in particular between 50mm and 70mm (terminals included), in particular 60mm.
  • the reinforcement device 13 may comprise degassing openings 21 on the front plate 15 as well as on the branches 17A and 17B. These holes also facilitate the installation of the screws 23, thanks to the drilling made. They also contribute to reducing the thermal bridge generated by the presence of the metal reinforcement device.
  • the insulation component 7 on the front face 9 significantly delays the carbonization of the beam 3 at the level of this front face 9.
  • the insulation component 7 contributes significantly to increasing the fire resistance of the wooden beams 3 of a construction element 1 according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of a reinforcement device 13. This differs from that of the picture 3 by the shape of the pairs of branches 17A and 17B which are connected by a recessed central portion 17C.
  • This shape is suitable for the manufacture of pairs of reinforcing devices 13 whose side branches have complementary cutout shapes.
  • two symmetrical and alternating corrugated shapes 30 and 31 are cut from a sheet metal strip, which makes it possible to obtain alternately on a sheet metal strip a first part 33 of general H shape and a second part 35 of general diamond shape with rounded shapes and truncated on the upper and lower part.
  • two fold lines 37 and 39 are defined to obtain, on the one hand, the front plate 15 and, on the other hand, the pairs of side branches 17A and 17B for part 33 and a pair of branches for part 35.
  • the mineral wool insulation component 7 is also made for the mineral wool insulation component 7 to also cover the rear face of the beam 3 which is opposite the front face 9.
  • FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the building element 1 according to the invention.
  • This embodiment of the figure 6 differs from that of the figure 2 in that the reinforcement device 13 is directly fixed to the wooden beam 13 and reinforces the latter.
  • the reinforcement device 13 is therefore interposed between the insulation component 7 on the one hand and the wooden beam 3.
  • the insulation component 7 is fixed to the beam by screws and/or by glue and/or by staples.
  • FIG. 7 shows a wooden beam 3 equipped with two complementary reinforcing devices 33 and 35.
  • the construction elements 1 according to the invention can be marketed prefabricated but one can also envisage protection kits for the production of a construction element 1 on the construction site.
  • a kit comprises at least one mineral wool panel or strip corresponding to the insulation component 7 and a reinforcement device 13 of the panel on the front and side faces of a wooden beam.
  • a protection kit having at least three chamfered panels 71, 72 and 73 connected by their external faces by foldable hinges 75 or film hinges as shown on the figures 8 and 9 .
  • the protection kit also includes at least one reinforcement device 13.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

La présente invention concerne un élément de construction destiné notamment à la construction d'un bâtiment, comme une maison, un immeuble etc ainsi qu'un dispositif de renforcement associé.The present invention relates to a construction element intended in particular for the construction of a building, such as a house, a building, etc., as well as an associated reinforcement device.

Arrière-plan technologiqueTechnology background

La construction avec des éléments en bois est de nos jours de plus en plus plébiscitée par les usagers soucieux de limiter leur impact sur l'environnement.Construction with wooden elements is nowadays more and more popular with users who want to limit their impact on the environment.

De façon générale, un tel élément de construction comprend une ossature en bois avec plusieurs poutres ou montants assemblés formant la structure portante de l'élément et une ou plusieurs plaques de parement, par exemple en plâtre ou bois aggloméré, fixées sur l'ossature. Une couche isolante, par exemple de la laine minérale, est disposée entre les poutres de l'ossature pour conférer une isolation thermo-acoustique à l'élément de construction.Generally, such a building element comprises a wooden frame with several beams or uprights assembled forming the supporting structure of the element and one or more facing plates, for example made of plaster or chipboard, fixed to the frame. An insulating layer, for example mineral wool, is placed between the beams of the frame to provide thermo-acoustic insulation to the building element.

D'un point de vue portance, confort énergétique et insonorisation, ces éléments de construction donnent pleinement satisfaction, aussi bien pour leur utilisation dans la construction de murs ou de cloisons que de planchers ou de plafonds.From a bearing, energy comfort and soundproofing point of view, these construction elements give full satisfaction, both for their use in the construction of walls or partitions as well as floors or ceilings.

Cependant, la résistance au feu de tels éléments de construction reste une préoccupation permanente.However, the fire resistance of such construction elements remains an ongoing concern.

En effet, lors d'une exposition au feu, les performances de tenue mécanique, notamment la portance de l'ossature en bois se réduisent du fait notamment de la carbonisation des fibres de bois ce qui peut conduire à un effondrement de la structure, ceci, même si la plaque de plâtre et la laine minérale de l'élément de construction permet de protéger quelque peu l'ossature et de retarder cette échéance.Indeed, during exposure to fire, the mechanical strength performance, in particular the lift of the wooden frame is reduced due in particular to the carbonization of the wood fibers which can lead to a collapse of the structure, this , even if the plasterboard and the mineral wool of the construction element make it possible to protect the framework somewhat and to delay this deadline.

La Demanderesse a mené des expériences pour évaluer la résistance au feu de tels éléments de construction. Ainsi, un élément de construction formé de poutres en bois de section 45mmX145mm de la classe C30 et d'une plaque de plâtre résistante au feu du type F d'une épaisseur de 20mm présentait une durée de résistance d'environ 78min.The Applicant has conducted experiments to assess the fire resistance of such construction elements. Thus, a construction element made of wooden beams with a section of 45mmX145mm of class C30 and a type F fire-resistant plasterboard with a thickness of 20mm had a resistance time of approximately 78min.

Augmenter cette durée est primordiale pour par exemple allonger la durée d'évacuation des occupants du bâtiment en cas de feu. Ceci devient encore plus important dans le cadre d'un bâtiment à plusieurs étages réalisé avec de tels éléments de construction.Increasing this duration is essential, for example to extend the duration of evacuation of the occupants of the building in the event of fire. This becomes even more important in the context of a multi-storey building made with such construction elements.

En outre, les éléments de construction sont soumis à des normes de résistance au feu. En particulier la norme EN1363/1364 définit un classement R.E.I. suivi d'un chiffre. En résumé, ce classement R.E.I. suivi d'un chiffre exprime en minutes le temps pendant lequel un élément de construction satisfait simultanément aux critères suivants :

  • Résistance mécanique : temps pendant lequel l'élément conserve sa fonction portante (pour les éléments à fonction portante).
  • Etanchéité aux flammes : temps pendant lequel il n'y a pas de flammes ou de fumées qui passent du côté de la paroi non exposée (pour les éléments à fonction de séparation).
  • Isolation thermique : temps pendant lequel la température n'augmente pas au-dessus d'un certain seuil thermique du côté non exposé.
In addition, the construction elements are subject to fire resistance standards. In particular, the EN1363/1364 standard defines an REI classification followed by a number. In summary, this REI classification followed by a number expresses in minutes the time during which a construction element simultaneously satisfies the following criteria:
  • Mechanical resistance: time during which the element retains its load-bearing function (for elements with load-bearing function).
  • Flame tightness: time during which there are no flames or smoke passing from the side of the unexposed wall (for elements with a separation function).
  • Thermal insulation: time during which the temperature does not increase above a certain thermal threshold on the unexposed side.

L'augmentation de la résistance au feu permet de plus un meilleur classement au niveau des normes et ouvre donc à l'élément de construction un champ d'application plus large dans la construction de bâtiments.The increase in fire resistance also allows a better classification in terms of standards and therefore opens up a wider field of application for the construction element in the construction of buildings.

Le document US2011056163 divulgue un élément de construction pour un bâtiment selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The document US2011056163 discloses a construction element for a building according to the preamble of claim 1.

Objectifs de l'inventionObjectives of the invention

La présente invention vise à proposer un élément de construction ayant une résistance au feu améliorée.The present invention aims to provide a construction element having improved fire resistance.

Selon un autre objectif indépendant, l'invention vise à proposer un dispositif de renforcement d'un tel élément de construction.According to another independent objective, the invention aims to provide a device for reinforcing such a construction element.

Exposé de l'inventionDisclosure of Invention

Ainsi, l'invention a pour objet un élément de construction pour un bâtiment comprenant une ossature avec au moins une poutre en bois et au moins une plaque de parement fixée sur la poutre de l'ossature, l'élément de construction comprenant un composant d'isolation en laine minérale apposé sur la poutre de manière à recouvrir ladite poutre d'une part sur une face frontale et d'autre part sur au moins une partie des faces latérales, le composant d'isolation apposé sur la face frontale étant interposé entre la plaque de parement et la poutre.Thus, the subject of the invention is a construction element for a building comprising a framework with at least one wooden beam and at least one facing plate fixed to the beam of the framework, the construction element comprising a component of mineral wool insulation affixed to the beam so as to cover said beam on the one hand on a front face and on the other hand on at least part of the side faces, the insulation component affixed to the front face being interposed between the facing plate and the beam.

L'élément de construction peut comporter en outre une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes prises seules ou en combinaison :
Selon un aspect, le composant d'isolation en laine minérale recouvre les faces latérales en totalité.The construction element may also include one or more of the following characteristics taken alone or in combination:
In one aspect, the mineral wool insulation component completely covers the side faces.

Selon un autre aspect, le composant d'isolation en laine minérale est en outre apposé sur la face arrière de la poutre opposée à la face frontale de manière à englober ladite poutre complètement.According to another aspect, the mineral wool insulation component is also affixed to the rear face of the beam opposite the front face so as to encompass said beam completely.

Sur chaque face sur laquelle le composant d'isolation est apposé, l'orientation des fibres peut comprendre une composante parallèle à cette face, notamment la direction dominante de l'orientation des fibres minérales du composant d'isolation en laine minérale est parallèle à cette face.On each face to which the insulation component is affixed, the orientation of the fibers may include a component parallel to this face, in particular the dominant direction of the orientation of the mineral fibers of the mineral wool insulation component is parallel to this face.

L'épaisseur du composant d'isolation est par exemple supérieure ou égale à 15mm et notamment comprise en 15mm et 50mm, plus particulièrement de 25mm.The thickness of the insulation component is for example greater than or equal to 15mm and in particular comprised between 15mm and 50mm, more particularly 25mm.

La densité du composant d'isolation en laine minérale est par exemple supérieure ou égale à 30kg/m3, notamment comprise entre 80kg/m3 et 100kg/m3 et plus particulièrement comprise entre à 85kg/m3 et 91kg/m3.The density of the mineral wool insulation component is for example greater than or equal to 30 kg/m 3 , in particular between 80 kg/m 3 and 100 kg/m 3 and more particularly between 85 kg/m 3 and 91 kg/m 3 .

On peut prévoir que la laine minérale du composant d'isolation est réalisée avec des fibres de laine minérale résistante à haute température.Provision may be made for the mineral wool of the insulation component to be made with high temperature resistant mineral wool fibers.

Le composant d'isolation peut être apposé sur la poutre de bois par collage et/ ou une fixation mécanique.The insulation component can be affixed to the wood beam by gluing and/or mechanical fastening.

Selon l'invention l'élément de construction en outre comprend un dispositif de renforcement ayant au moins une partie de section transversale une forme générale en « U », le fond du « U » étant disposé en regard de la face frontale et les branches du « U » en regard des faces latérales, chaque branche latérale étant fixée au niveau d'une zone d'extrémité dans la face latérale de la poutre, le composant d'isolation étant interposé soit entre le dispositif de renforcement d'un part et la poutre d'autre part, soit entre le fond du U et la plaque de parement.According to the invention, the construction element further comprises a reinforcement device having at least one cross-sectional part of a general "U" shape, the bottom of the "U" being arranged facing the front face and the branches of the "U" facing the side faces, each side branch being fixed at an end zone in the side face of the beam, the insulation component being interposed either between the reinforcement device on the one hand and the beam on the other hand, or between the bottom of the U and the facing plate.

Selon un aspect, la longueur de chaque branche du dispositif de renforcement est supérieure à la moitié de l'épaisseur de la poutre.According to one aspect, the length of each branch of the reinforcement device is greater than half the thickness of the beam.

Le dispositif de renforcement peut comprendre des ouvertures de dégazage.The reinforcement device may include vent openings.

L'invention concerne également un dispositif de renforcement pour un élément de construction tel que défini ci-dessus, le dispositif de renforcement comprenant d'une part une face frontale destinée à être fixée en regard de la face frontale d'une poutre et d'autre part au moins deux branches latérales destinées à être fixées sur les côtés latérales d'une poutre en bois.The invention also relates to a reinforcement device for a construction element as defined above, the reinforcement device comprising on the one hand a front face intended to be fixed facing the front face of a beam and on the other hand at least two lateral branches intended to be fixed on the lateral sides of a wooden beam.

Selon un aspect, la longueur de chaque branche du dispositif de renforcement est supérieure à 40mm, notamment comprise entre 50mm et 70mm, en particulier 60mm.According to one aspect, the length of each branch of the reinforcement device is greater than 40mm, in particular between 50mm and 70mm, in particular 60mm.

Selon un autre aspect, le dispositif de renforcement comprend des ouvertures de dégazage.According to another aspect, the reinforcement device comprises degassing openings.

L'invention concerne de plus un ensemble de dispositifs de renforcement comprenant au moins une paire de dispositifs de renforcement tels que définis ci-dessus dont les branches latérales respectives possèdent des formes complémentaires de découpe.The invention further relates to a set of reinforcement devices comprising at least one pair of reinforcement devices as defined above, the respective side branches of which have complementary cut-out shapes.

L'invention concerne enfin un élément de construction comprenant au moins un panneau en laine minérale et des moyens de renforcement du panneau sur les faces frontale et latérales d'une poutre en bois, notamment un dispositif tel que défini ci-dessus.The invention finally relates to a construction element comprising at least one mineral wool panel and means for reinforcing the panel on the front and side faces of a wooden beam, in particular a device as defined above.

Selon un aspect, l'élément de construction comprend un panneau formé de trois segments notamment chanfreinés, continus ou jointifs reliés par leur faces externes, le panneau étant repliable par des charnières pliables de façon à entourer la poutre en bois.According to one aspect, the construction element comprises a panel formed of three segments, in particular chamfered, continuous or contiguous, connected by their outer faces, the panel being foldable by foldable hinges so as to surround the wooden beam.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres détails, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un élément de construction selon un mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un détail d'un élément de construction selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un dispositif de renforcement selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un dispositif de renforcement selon un second mode de réalisation
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique de dessus d'une bande de tôle avec des lignes de découpe et de pliage pour la fabrication d'un dispositif de renforcement,
  • la figure 6 montre une vue en coupe transversale d'un détail d'un élément de construction selon un second mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 7 montre une vue en perspective d'une poutre en bois équipé de deux dispositifs de renforcement de forme complémentaire,
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un exemple de réalisation d'un composant d'isolation pour un élément de construction selon l'invention, et
  • la figure 9 est une vue en coupe transversale de l'exemple de réalisation d'un composant d'isolation selon la figure 8 à l'état déplié.
The invention will be better understood and other details, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • there figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a building element according to one embodiment,
  • there figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a detail of a construction element according to a first embodiment,
  • there picture 3 is a schematic perspective view of a reinforcement device according to a first embodiment,
  • there figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of a reinforcement device according to a second embodiment
  • there figure 5 is a schematic top view of a sheet metal strip with cutting and folding lines for the manufacture of a reinforcement device,
  • there figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a detail of a construction element according to a second embodiment,
  • there figure 7 shows a perspective view of a wooden beam fitted with two reinforcing devices of complementary shape,
  • there figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an insulation component for a building element according to the invention, and
  • there figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of an insulation component according to figure 8 in the unfolded state.

Sur toutes les figures, les éléments identiques portent les mêmes numéros de référence.In all the figures, identical elements bear the same reference numerals.

On va maintenant décrire un exemple d'un mode de réalisation en référence aux figures.An example of an embodiment will now be described with reference to the figures.

Les réalisations suivantes sont des exemples. Bien que la description se réfère à un ou plusieurs modes de réalisation, ceci ne signifie pas nécessairement que chaque référence concerne le même mode de réalisation, ou que les caractéristiques s'appliquent seulement à un seul mode de réalisation. De simples caractéristiques de différents modes de réalisation peuvent également être combinées pour fournir d'autres réalisations.The following achievements are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each reference is to the same embodiment, or that the features apply only to a single embodiment. Simple features of different embodiments can also be combined to provide other realizations.

Sur la figure 1 est représenté de façon schématique un élément de construction 1 pour un bâtiment. A titre d'exemple et de façon non-exhaustive, il peut s'agir d'un élément formant mûr, cloison, plancher ou plafond.On the figure 1 schematically shows a construction element 1 for a building. By way of non-exhaustive example, it may be an element forming a wall, partition, floor or ceiling.

Il peut s'agir d'un élément préfabriqué, c'est-à-dire assemblé par exemple en usine pour être livré sur un chantier de construction, ou être assemblé sur chantier.It may be a prefabricated element, that is to say assembled for example in the factory to be delivered to a construction site, or be assembled on site.

L'élément de construction 1 peut aussi intégrer ou incorporer d'autres éléments comme par exemple des fenêtres ou des portes sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.The building element 1 can also integrate or incorporate other elements such as windows or doors without departing from the scope of the present invention.

L'élément de construction 1 comprend en particulier une ossature avec au moins une, dans le présent cas trois poutres en bois 3 qui sont par exemple espacés régulièrement les unes des autres. Il s'agit de trois poutres 3 porteuses. Ces poutres 3 sont porteuses pour l'élément de construction 1 lui-même, mais peuvent de plus être porteuses dans un sens plus large pour le bâtiment pour lequel il est utilisé. La ou les poutres peuvent être de section transversale carrée ou rectangulaire.The building element 1 comprises in particular a framework with at least one, in this case three wooden beams 3 which are for example regularly spaced from each other. These are three 3-bearing beams. These beams 3 are carriers for the building element 1 itself, but can also be carriers in a broader sense for the building for which it is used. The beam(s) may be square or rectangular in cross-section.

Bien entendu, cette ossature peut aussi comprendre de plus des traverses en bois pour rigidifier la construction.Of course, this frame can also include more wooden crosspieces to stiffen the construction.

Au moins une plaque de parement 4 est fixée sur les poutres 3 de l'ossature bois. Dans cette réalisation, une plaque unique 4 recouvre les trois poutres. En variante, plusieurs plaques ne recouvrant que deux poutres successives, peuvent être juxtaposées latéralement.At least one facing plate 4 is fixed to the beams 3 of the wooden frame. In this embodiment, a single plate 4 covers the three beams. As a variant, several plates covering only two successive beams can be juxtaposed laterally.

De plus, une couche isolante thermiquement 5, par exemple en laine minérale comme la laine de verre ou de roche, est disposée entre les poutres 3. La couche isolante 5 est par exemple une laine minérale commercialisée par la Demanderesse sous la marque « ULTIMATE™ ». Il s'agit d'une laine minérale fabriquée selon une composition et un procédé spécifique lui conférant une bonne tenue au feu approchant les 700°C. Ce produit, disponible dans des gammes de densité relativement basse à performances thermique donnée, est un avantage pour réaliser un élément de construction léger. Par exemple on utilise ici une densité de 20kg/m3. Une laine de roche ou de verre est également envisageable.In addition, a thermally insulating layer 5, for example made of mineral wool such as glass or rock wool, is placed between the beams 3. The insulating layer 5 is for example a mineral wool marketed by the Applicant under the trademark "ULTIMATE ™ ". It is a mineral wool manufactured according to a specific composition and process giving it good fire resistance approaching 700°C. This product, available in ranges of relatively low density with given thermal performance, is an advantage for producing a light construction element. For example we here uses a density of 20kg/m3. Rock or glass wool is also possible.

Sur la figure 2 est montré selon une vue en section transversale selon la ligne de coupe II-II un détail de l'élément de construction 1 de la figure 1 sans la couche isolante 5.On the figure 2 is shown in a cross-sectional view along section line II-II a detail of the building element 1 of the figure 1 without the insulating layer 5.

Comme on le voit sur cette figure 2, l'élément de construction 1 comprend un composant d'isolation 7 en laine minérale supplémentaire et différent de la couche isolante 5. Ce composant d'isolation 7 est apposé sur la poutre de bois 3 et est interposé entre la plaque de parement 4 et une face frontale 9 de la poutre 3 qui est en vis-à-vis de la plaque de parement 4. Le composant d'isolation 7 est fixé contre la poutre 3 et se prolonge sur des faces latérales 11 de la poutre 3, de façon à recouvrir celles-ci partiellement ou totalement, typiquement sur au moins 50%, dans le présent cas en totalité. Il est en contact plan contre la ou les faces de la poutre.As seen on this figure 2 , the construction element 1 comprises an insulation component 7 made of additional mineral wool and different from the insulating layer 5. This insulation component 7 is affixed to the wooden beam 3 and is interposed between the facing plate 4 and a front face 9 of the beam 3 which is opposite the facing plate 4. The insulation component 7 is fixed against the beam 3 and extends on the side faces 11 of the beam 3, so to cover these partially or totally, typically over at least 50%, in this case completely. It is in plane contact against the face or faces of the beam.

Le composant d'isolation 7 en laine minérale est formé au moins en partie de fibres en proportion comprise entre 80% et 99% en poids.The mineral wool insulation component 7 is formed at least in part of fibers in a proportion of between 80% and 99% by weight.

De plus, l'orientation spatiale des fibres comprend une composante parallèle à la face 9 ou 11 contre laquelle le composant d'isolation 7 est fixé. Préférentiellement, la direction dominante d'orientation des fibres minérales du composant d'isolation 7 est parallèle à la face 9 ou 11 contre laquelle le composant d'isolation 7 est fixé. Ceci empêche efficacement que les flammes puissent lécher directement le bois de la poutre 3 lors d'une exposition directe au feu de l'élément de construction 1.Moreover, the spatial orientation of the fibers includes a component parallel to the face 9 or 11 against which the insulation component 7 is fixed. Preferably, the dominant direction of orientation of the mineral fibers of the insulation component 7 is parallel to the face 9 or 11 against which the insulation component 7 is fixed. This effectively prevents flames from directly licking the wood of beam 3 during direct exposure to fire of building element 1.

Le composant isolant peut ainsi avoir une structure de feutre de laine minérale dans laquelle les fibres sont réparties substantiellement sous forme de strates sensiblement parallèles aux surfaces principales du composant. Il peut aussi avoir une structure de feutre densifié par nappage pendulaire ou par crépage, ces deux techniques connues en soi dans le domaine de la laine minérale ont pour effet de réorienter partiellement les fibres de laine minérale avec une composante verticale dans la direction de l'épaisseur du composant. Une telle réorganisation partielle préserve une orientation horizontale suffisante pour s'opposer au passage de l'air, du rayonnement thermique, ou des flammes.The insulating component may thus have a structure of mineral wool felt in which the fibers are distributed substantially in the form of strata substantially parallel to the main surfaces of the component. It can also have a felt structure densified by pendular coating or by creping, these two techniques known per se in the field of mineral wool have the effect of partially reorienting the mineral wool fibers with a vertical component in the direction of the component thickness. Such a partial rearrangement preserves sufficient horizontal orientation to oppose the passage of air, heat radiation, or flames.

A l'inverse, une structure de type lamellaire dans laquelle les fibres sont orientées suivant des strates essentiellement parallèles à la direction de l'épaisseur du composant n'est pas recommandée. Car elle crée un effet de cheminée, offrant très peu de résistance au passage de l'air dans la direction de l'épaisseur du composant, et au contraire canalisent la pénétration des fumées ou flammes au contact de l'élément en bois à protéger.Conversely, a structure of the lamellar type in which the fibers are oriented along strata essentially parallel to the direction of the thickness of the component is not recommended. Because it creates a chimney effect, offering very little resistance to the passage of air in the direction of the thickness of the component, and on the contrary channels the penetration of smoke or flames in contact with the wooden element to be protected.

Le composant d'isolation 7 peut être composé de segments de laine minérale continus ou jointifs.The insulation component 7 can be composed of continuous or contiguous segments of mineral wool.

Ce composant d'isolation 7 est dans ce mode de réalisation en contact direct avec la poutre 3 et fixé contre celle-ci par collage avec une colle silicate ou un mortier minéral et une fixation mécanique comme par exemple un dispositif de renforcement 13 représenté à la figure 2.This insulation component 7 is in this embodiment in direct contact with the beam 3 and fixed against the latter by gluing with a silicate adhesive or a mineral mortar and a mechanical fixing such as for example a reinforcement device 13 shown in figure 2 .

Le composant d'isolation 7 possède une épaisseur qui peut varier selon la protection au feu à apporter à l'élément en bois. Elle est supérieure ou égale à 15mm et notamment comprise entre 15mm et 50mm (bornes incluses), plus particulièrement de 25mm.The insulation component 7 has a thickness which can vary according to the fire protection to be provided to the wooden element. It is greater than or equal to 15mm and in particular between 15mm and 50mm (terminals included), more particularly 25mm.

La densité du matériau du composant d'isolation 7 est par exemple supérieure ou égale à 30kg/m3, notamment comprise entre 80kg/m3 et 100kg/m3 (bornes incluses) et plus particulièrement compris entre 85kg/m3 et 91kg/m3 (bornes incluses).The density of the material of the insulation component 7 is for example greater than or equal to 30 kg/m 3 , in particular between 80 kg/m 3 and 100 kg/m 3 (limits included) and more particularly between 85 kg/m 3 and 91 kg/ m 3 (terminals included).

La laine minérale du composant d'isolation 7 est donc plus dense que celle de la laine minérale de la couche isolante 5 et est notamment configurée sous forme d'un panneau rigide ou d'une bande.The mineral wool of the insulation component 7 is therefore denser than that of the mineral wool of the insulating layer 5 and is in particular configured in the form of a rigid panel or a strip.

La laine minérale du composant d'isolation 7 est réalisée avec des fibres minérales résistantes à haute température.The mineral wool of the insulation component 7 is made with mineral fibers resistant to high temperatures.

La demanderesse commercialise une laine minérale adaptée pour cette application sous la marque « ULTIMATE ». Par exemple, un produit de la référence U MPN 85 est approprié pour un usage selon l'invention.The applicant markets a mineral wool suitable for this application under the brand “ULTIMATE”. For example, a product of reference U MPN 85 is suitable for use according to the invention.

La figure 3 montre selon une vue en perspective un schéma d'un dispositif de renforcement 13 selon un premier mode de réalisation.There picture 3 shows in a perspective view a diagram of a reinforcement device 13 according to a first embodiment.

Le dispositif de renforcement 13 est par exemple en métal, notamment de la tôle pliée de préférence galvanisée, et possède en section transversale une forme générale en « U » et le composant d'isolation 7 est pris en sandwich entre le dispositif de renforcement 13 d'une part et la poutre 3 d'autre part (voir figure 2) ou appliqué entre le dispositif de renforcement 13 et le parement (voir figure 6).The reinforcement device 13 is for example made of metal, in particular folded sheet metal, preferably galvanized, and has in cross section a general "U" shape and the insulation component 7 is sandwiched between the reinforcement device 13 d on the one hand and beam 3 on the other hand (see figure 2 ) or applied between the reinforcement device 13 and the facing (see figure 6 ).

Plus spécifiquement le dispositif de renforcement 13 est formé d'une plaque frontale 15 et par exemple deux paires de branches 17A et 17B espacés de manière à pouvoir tenir entre lesdites paires de branches 17A et 17B la poutre 3 et éventuellement le composant d'isolation 7.More specifically the reinforcement device 13 is formed of a front plate 15 and for example two pairs of branches 17A and 17B spaced apart so as to be able to hold between said pairs of branches 17A and 17B the beam 3 and possibly the insulation component 7 .

Ainsi, le fond du « U » formé par la plaque frontale 15 est disposé au niveau de la face frontale 9 et les paires de branches 17A , 17B du « U » au niveau des faces latérales 11, chaque paire de branches latérales 17A, 17B étant fixée au niveau d'une zone d'extrémité 19A, 19B dans la face latérale 11 de la poutre 3, par exemple par des vis 23 (voir figure 2).Thus, the bottom of the "U" formed by the front plate 15 is arranged at the level of the front face 9 and the pairs of branches 17A, 17B of the "U" at the level of the side faces 11, each pair of side branches 17A, 17B being fixed at the level of an end zone 19A, 19B in the side face 11 of the beam 3, for example by screws 23 (see figure 2 ).

La longueur de chaque paires de branches 17A, 17B du dispositif de renforcement 13 dépend de la géométrie particulière de l'élément en bois à protéger et est généralement prévue pour s'étendre sur au moins la moitié de l'épaisseur de l'élément en bois. Ainsi la zone d'extrémité 19A, 19B permet de recevoir une vis 23 qui s'ancre dans l'élément en bois dans une position située au-delà de la moitié de l'épaisseur de la poutre, à une distance maximisée par rapport à la face susceptible d'être exposée au feu. La longueur des branches est supérieure ou égale à 40mm, notamment comprise entre 50mm et 70mm (bornes incluses), en particulier de 60mm.The length of each pair of branches 17A, 17B of the reinforcement device 13 depends on the particular geometry of the wooden element to be protected and is generally provided to extend over at least half the thickness of the wooden element. drink. Thus the end zone 19A, 19B makes it possible to receive a screw 23 which is anchored in the wooden element in a position located beyond half the thickness of the beam, at a maximized distance with respect to the face likely to be exposed to fire. The length of the branches is greater than or equal to 40mm, in particular between 50mm and 70mm (terminals included), in particular 60mm.

Afin de favoriser le dégazage du bois en cas de feu, le dispositif de renforcement 13 peut comprendre des ouvertures de dégazage 21 sur la plaque frontale 15 ainsi que sur les branches 17A et 17B. Ces trous permettent également de faciliter la mise en place des vis 23, grâce au perçage réalisé. Ils contribuent aussi à diminuer le pont thermique généré par la présence du dispositif de renforcement métallique.In order to promote the degassing of the wood in the event of fire, the reinforcement device 13 may comprise degassing openings 21 on the front plate 15 as well as on the branches 17A and 17B. These holes also facilitate the installation of the screws 23, thanks to the drilling made. They also contribute to reducing the thermal bridge generated by the presence of the metal reinforcement device.

La demanderesse a conduit des essais de tenue de feu d'un tel élément de construction 1. Pendant ces essais, les éléments de construction 1 ont été soumis à un feu avec des brûleurs à gaz du côté des plaques de parement 4 en plâtre. De plus, les poutres 3 ont été soumises à une charge correspondant à 30% de la charge de rupture à température ambiante sans feu. Ces essais ont montré que la tenue au feu, notamment pour son aspect de stabilité, a largement progressé et la durée de rupture de charge en cas de feu a pu être augmentée entre 25% et 30% par rapport à des poutres en bois des éléments de construction de l'état de la technique.The applicant conducted fire resistance tests of such a construction element 1. During these tests, the construction elements 1 were subjected to a fire with gas burners on the side of the facing plates 4 in plaster. In addition, the beams 3 were subjected to a load corresponding to 30% of the breaking load at room temperature without fire. These tests have shown that the fire resistance, in particular for its aspect of stability, has greatly improved and the load break duration in the event of fire has been increased by between 25% and 30% compared to wooden beams of the elements. construction of the state of the art.

Selon les analyses de la Demanderesse, le composant d'isolation 7 sur la face frontale 9 retarde de façon significative la carbonisation de la poutre 3 au niveau de cette face frontale 9.According to the analyzes of the Applicant, the insulation component 7 on the front face 9 significantly delays the carbonization of the beam 3 at the level of this front face 9.

Alors que dans les éléments de construction de l'état de la technique, même lorsque les espaces entre les poutres sont remplies d'une couche isolante, le feu pénètre assez rapidement dans l'interstice et attaque les faces latérales de la poutre.Whereas in state-of-the-art construction elements, even when the spaces between the beams are filled with an insulating layer, the fire penetrates the gap fairly quickly and attacks the side faces of the beam.

En revanche, selon la présente invention, grâce à la protection des faces latérales 11 de la poutre 3, on retarde aussi significativement un affaiblissement de la structure de la poutre 3 étant donné que la section de la poutre 3 disponible pour la portance diminue plus lentement.On the other hand, according to the present invention, thanks to the protection of the side faces 11 of the beam 3, a weakening of the structure of the beam 3 is also significantly delayed since the section of the beam 3 available for the lift decreases more slowly. .

Le fait que le dispositif de renforcement 13 est ancré latéralement dans la poutre 3 dans une zone qui n'est pas ou plus tard soumise à la carbonisation, par exemple au niveau des extrémités des paires de branches 19A et 19B, a plusieurs avantages :

  • La durée de la tenue du composant d'isolation 7 sur la poutre 3 est augmentée.
  • Le dispositif de renforcement 13 joue de plus un rôle de renfort de la poutre 3. En effet, même si la face frontale 9 commence à se carboniser, le dispositif de renforcement 13 est toujours tenu de façon stable par l'intermédiaire de sa fixation par ses zones d'extrémité 19A et 19B des paires de branches 17A et 17B, et ce d'autant plus que la fixation latérale est déportée selon l'épaisseur de la poutre à l'opposé de la surface susceptible d'être exposée au feu ; ceci a pour conséquence que la plaque de parement 4 qui est en matériau non inflammable peut être maintenue plus longtemps en place.
  • La capacité de portance de l'ossature bois en conditions dégradées est ainsi augmentée, et on peut imaginer ainsi de développer des bâtiments avec moins de quantité de bois par étage (poutres de section plus faible), ou plus d'étages, le nombre maximum d'étages autorisés en construction bois étant aujourd'hui limité.
  • Enfin, il a été observé que les plaques de parement 4 se déforment moins et plus tardivement lors de l'exposition au feu.
The fact that the reinforcement device 13 is anchored laterally in the beam 3 in an area which is not or later subjected to carbonization, for example at the level of the ends of the pairs of branches 19A and 19B, has several advantages:
  • The duration of the hold of the insulation component 7 on the beam 3 is increased.
  • The reinforcement device 13 also acts as a reinforcement for the beam 3. Indeed, even if the front face 9 begins to char, the reinforcement device 13 is still held in a stable manner by means of its fixing by its end zones 19A and 19B of the pairs of branches 17A and 17B, and this all the more so as the lateral fixing is offset according to the thickness of the beam opposite the surface likely to be exposed to the fire ; this has the consequence that the facing plate 4, which is made of non-flammable material, can be kept in place longer.
  • The bearing capacity of the wooden frame in degraded conditions is thus increased, and one can thus imagine developing buildings with less quantity of wood per floor (beams of smaller section), or more floors, the maximum number of floors authorized in wooden construction being limited today.
  • Finally, it has been observed that the facing plates 4 deform less and later when exposed to fire.

On comprend donc que le composant d'isolation 7 contribue significativement à l'augmentation de la résistance au feu des poutres 3 en bois d'un élément de construction 1 selon l'invention.It is therefore understood that the insulation component 7 contributes significantly to increasing the fire resistance of the wooden beams 3 of a construction element 1 according to the invention.

La figure 4 montre un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de renforcement 13. Celui-ci se distingue de celui de la figure 3 par la forme des paires de branches 17A et 17B qui sont reliées par une portion centrale 17C en retrait.There figure 4 shows another embodiment of a reinforcement device 13. This differs from that of the picture 3 by the shape of the pairs of branches 17A and 17B which are connected by a recessed central portion 17C.

Cette forme est adaptée pour la fabrication de paires de dispositifs de renforcement 13 dont les branches latérales possèdent des formes complémentaires de découpe.This shape is suitable for the manufacture of pairs of reinforcing devices 13 whose side branches have complementary cutout shapes.

Ceci est montré plus en détail sur la figure 5. Pour la fabrication du dispositif de renforcement 13 selon la figure 4, on découpe dans une bande de tôle deux formes ondulées 30 et 31 symétriques et en alternance ce qui permet d'obtenir en alternance sur une bande de tôle une première pièce 33 de forme générale en H et une seconde pièce 35 de forme générale en losange aux formes arrondies et tronquée sur la partie supérieure et inférieure.This is shown in more detail on the figure 5 . For the manufacture of the reinforcement device 13 according to figure 4 , two symmetrical and alternating corrugated shapes 30 and 31 are cut from a sheet metal strip, which makes it possible to obtain alternately on a sheet metal strip a first part 33 of general H shape and a second part 35 of general diamond shape with rounded shapes and truncated on the upper and lower part.

Pour chacune des pièces 33 et 35, on définit deux lignes de pliage 37 et 39 pour obtenir d'une part la plaque frontale 15 et d'autre part les paires de branches latérales 17A et 17B pour la pièce 33 et une paire de branches pour la pièce 35.For each of the parts 33 and 35, two fold lines 37 and 39 are defined to obtain, on the one hand, the front plate 15 and, on the other hand, the pairs of side branches 17A and 17B for part 33 and a pair of branches for part 35.

Selon une variante non représentée, on prévoit également que le composant d'isolation 7 en laine minérale recouvre en outre la face arrière de la poutre 3 qui est opposée à la face frontale 9.According to a variant not shown, provision is also made for the mineral wool insulation component 7 to also cover the rear face of the beam 3 which is opposite the front face 9.

La figure 6 montre un second mode de réalisation de l'élément de construction 1 selon l'invention.There figure 6 shows a second embodiment of the building element 1 according to the invention.

Ce mode de réalisation de la figure 6 se distingue de celui de la figure 2 par le fait que le dispositif de renforcement 13 est directement fixé sur la poutre en bois 13 et renforce celle-ci. Le dispositif de renforcement 13 est donc interposé entre le composant d'isolation 7 d'une part et la poutre en bois 3.This embodiment of the figure 6 differs from that of the figure 2 in that the reinforcement device 13 is directly fixed to the wooden beam 13 and reinforces the latter. The reinforcement device 13 is therefore interposed between the insulation component 7 on the one hand and the wooden beam 3.

Lors des essais au feu, il a été observé que la carbonisation de la face frontale 9 a pu être retardée ce qui contribue également à une meilleure tenue au feu de l'élément de construction 1.During the fire tests, it was observed that the carbonization of the front face 9 could be delayed, which also contributes to better fire resistance of the construction element 1.

Pour tous les modes de réalisation, le composant d'isolation 7 se fixe sur la poutre par des vis et/ou par une colle et/ou par des agrafes.For all the embodiments, the insulation component 7 is fixed to the beam by screws and/or by glue and/or by staples.

La figure 7 montre une poutre en bois 3 équipée de deux dispositifs de renforcement 33 et 35 complémentaires.There figure 7 shows a wooden beam 3 equipped with two complementary reinforcing devices 33 and 35.

Les éléments de construction 1 selon l'invention peuvent être commercialisés préfabriqués mais on peut également envisager des kits de protection pour la réalisation d'un élément de construction 1 sur le chantier. Un tel kit comprend au moins un panneau ou une bande en laine minérale correspondant au composant d'isolation 7 et un dispositif de renforcement 13 du panneau sur les faces frontales et latérales d'une poutre en bois.The construction elements 1 according to the invention can be marketed prefabricated but one can also envisage protection kits for the production of a construction element 1 on the construction site. Such a kit comprises at least one mineral wool panel or strip corresponding to the insulation component 7 and a reinforcement device 13 of the panel on the front and side faces of a wooden beam.

Pour permettre un stockage aisé à plat, on prévoit un kit de protection présentant au moins trois panneaux chanfreinés 71, 72 et 73 reliés par leurs faces externes par des charnières pliables 75 ou charnières film comme montré sur les figures 8 et 9.To allow easy flat storage, provision is made for a protection kit having at least three chamfered panels 71, 72 and 73 connected by their external faces by foldable hinges 75 or film hinges as shown on the figures 8 and 9 .

Bien entendu, on peut aussi prévoir trois panneaux chanfreinés ou non et reliés de façon à former un « U » permettant d'entourer une poutre de bois.Of course, it is also possible to provide three panels, chamfered or not and connected so as to form a "U" making it possible to surround a wooden beam.

Le kit de protection comprend également au moins un dispositif de renforcement 13.The protection kit also includes at least one reinforcement device 13.

On comprend donc qu'en protégeant par une isolation thermique performante et résistante au feu, on peut allonger de façon significative la tenue au feu d'un élément de construction avec des poutres en bois.It is therefore understood that by protecting with high-performance, fire-resistant thermal insulation, the fire resistance of a construction element with wooden beams can be significantly extended.

Claims (12)

  1. A building element (1) for a building, said building element (1) comprising a framework with at least one wooden beam (3) and at least one facing sheet (4) fixed to the beam (3) of the framework, the building element (1) comprising:
    - an insulating component (7) made of mineral wool affixed to the beam so as to cover said beam (3) on the one hand on a frontal face (9) and on the other hand on at least a part of the lateral faces (11), the insulating component (7) affixed to the frontal face (9) being interposed between the facing sheet (4) and the beam (3), characterized in that the building element (1) comprises:
    - a reinforcing device (13) having at least a portion of generally "U"-shaped cross-section, the bottom of the "U" being disposed opposite the frontal face (9) and the side branches (17A, 17B) of the "U" opposite said side faces (11), each side branch (17A, 17B) being fixed at an end region (19A, 19B) in the side face (11) of the beam (3), the insulating component (7) being interposed either between the reinforcing device (13) on the one hand and the beam (3) on the other hand or between the bottom of the "U" and the facing sheet (14).
  2. Building element according to claim 1, characterised in that the mineral wool insulating component (7) covers the side faces (11) completely.
  3. Building element according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the mineral wool insulating component (7) is additionally affixed to the rear side of the beam (3) opposite the front side (9) so as to encompass said beam (3) completely.
  4. Building element according to claim 3, characterized in that on each side (9, 11) on which the insulating component (7) is affixed, the orientation of the fibres comprises a component parallel to this side (9, 11), in particular the dominant direction of the orientation of the mineral fibres of the mineral wool insulating component (7) is parallel to this side (9, 11).
  5. Building element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thickness of the insulating component (7) is greater than or equal to 15mm and in particular between 15mm and 50mm, more particularly 25mm.
  6. Building element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the density of the mineral wool insulating component (7) is greater than or equal to 30kg/m3, in particular between 80kg/m3 and 100kg/m3 and more particularly between 85kg/m3 and 91kg/m3.
  7. Building element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mineral wool of the insulating component (7) is made of high-temperature resistant mineral wool fibres.
  8. Building element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the insulating component (7) is affixed to the wooden beam (3) by gluing and/or mechanical fixing.
  9. The building element according to claim 1, characterised in that the length of each side leg (17A, 17B) of the reinforcing device (13) is greater than half the thickness of the beam.
  10. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing device (13) comprises degassing openings (21).
  11. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of each side branch (17A, 17B) of the reinforcing device (13) is greater than 40mm, in particular between 50mm and 70mm, in particular 60mm.
  12. Building element according to claim 1, characterised in that the insulating component is a folded panel, said panel being formed of three, in particular chamfered, panel segments (71, 72, 73), which are connected by their outer sides by foldable hinges (75).
EP16726130.4A 2015-04-30 2016-04-28 Building element and associated reinforcing device Active EP3289147B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1500917A FR3035669B1 (en) 2015-04-30 2015-04-30 CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT AND REINFORCING DEVICE THEREFOR
PCT/FR2016/050999 WO2016174359A1 (en) 2015-04-30 2016-04-28 Building element and associated reinforcing device

Publications (3)

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EP3289147A1 EP3289147A1 (en) 2018-03-07
EP3289147B1 true EP3289147B1 (en) 2023-06-07
EP3289147C0 EP3289147C0 (en) 2023-06-07

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US (1) US20180298604A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3289147B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2018514669A (en)
CA (1) CA2983565A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3035669B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2017141395A (en)
WO (1) WO2016174359A1 (en)

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US20240279917A1 (en) * 2023-02-17 2024-08-22 Peter Sing Composite Stiffener

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JP2018514669A (en) 2018-06-07
RU2017141395A3 (en) 2019-10-10
CA2983565A1 (en) 2016-11-03
RU2017141395A (en) 2019-05-30
FR3035669B1 (en) 2018-11-23
EP3289147A1 (en) 2018-03-07
FR3035669A1 (en) 2016-11-04
EP3289147C0 (en) 2023-06-07
WO2016174359A1 (en) 2016-11-03
US20180298604A1 (en) 2018-10-18

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