EP0038800B1 - Skeleton-frame system for the erection of building constructions - Google Patents

Abstract

The structure is comprised of a Z-shaped upper frame and of an inversed T-shaped lower frame connected at the outer angles thereof by four supports of a storey height and of which the sections are adapted to the static efforts. The structure thus forms an open box open on all sides, with regular outer sizes and provides part of the cube of a storey volume. The frames are prolonged upwardly and downwardly by supports formed by head and foot plates. These elements are completed by smaller frames with the same construction features to provide for technical gaps.

Description

The invention relates to an open skeleton frame system made of concrete or steel building materials, which encloses with its boundary lines a cuboid, in which in the four corners supports are provided, which are connected to one another by upper and lower supporting ring beams with attached ceiling support beams, the resulting one , frame body that is open on all sides can be expanded by further structural work as well as structural and technical expansion to form buildings that are largely prefabricated in the factory.

It is known (GB-A-1 119 161 and FR-A-2 263 358) to use room cells consisting of four supports and the upper and lower supporting ring beams connecting them with attached ceiling support beams for the construction of buildings. Here, on the one hand (GB-A-1 119 161) the supports are designed in an open H-shape and extend over half the floor height and on the other hand (FR-A-2 263 358) there is no massive, rigid connection between the support structure and the circumferential support ring beam.

The invention is based on the idea of dividing buildings which are ready for operation and safe in conventional solid construction into various cubes or disks of the same size, elongated blocks or disks (cuboids) and relocating them back to industrial prefabrication and equipping them there beyond the shell and expansion to the extent that they themselves Have installations and central systems for building services with objects and possibly even built-in furniture up to pendant lights and curtains as well as flat roof constructions etc.

Buildings of all kinds are composed of different components assigned to the respective purpose, which usually always take up a certain volume of the overall construction project.

• Gruben im Erdreich und über Gelände mit bzw. ohne Isolierung, Pergolen, Lauben, Terrassen (überdacht), PKW-Stellplätze offen - nur überdacht - mit oder ohne Montagegruben, Fundamentkonstruktionen zum Aufbau von Stahlbauwerken, Arkaden, Gewächshäuser, landwirtschaftliche Bauten und allgemeine Lagerbauten usw. -demontier- und erneut aufstellbare Bauwerke wie aufgeführt.

The simplest buildings and components with point foundations without a basement can be:

• Pits in the ground and above ground with or without insulation, pergolas, arbors, terraces (roofed), car parking spaces open - only roofed - with or without assembly pits, foundation structures for the construction of steel structures, arcades, greenhouses, agricultural buildings and general warehouse structures, etc -Dismantling and re-erecting structures as listed.

• Freistehende Garten- und Gerätehäuschen, Haltestellenhäuschen, Kleingebäude für öffentliche und nicht öffentliche Versorgungsanlagen mit und ohne Gruben, Verkaufspavillons, Tankräume aller Art, Garagen einzeln in Reihe oder gestapelt, Parkhäuser, kleinere Industrie-, Hallen- und Verwaltungsgebäude, private Schwimmbäder und Ein- bzw. Mehrfamielienhäuer ohne besondere Ansprüche, Sozialwohnungsbau, Kindergärten, Martkhallen, Studenten- und Altenwohnanlagen und sonstige Wohnheime für Asyl- oder Besserungszwecke, für Behinderte gerechte Bauten, Einkaufszentren, Tankstellenanlagen mit überdachten Fahrbahnen, usw. -demontier- und erneut errichtbare Bauwerke wie genannt.

Simple structures can be:

• Detached garden and tool sheds, bus stops, small buildings for public and non-public supply systems with and without pits, sales pavilions, tank rooms of all kinds, garages individually in rows or stacked, parking garages, smaller industrial, hall and administration buildings, private swimming pools and single or Multi-family houses without special requirements, social housing, kindergartens, market halls, student and elderly housing and other dormitories for asylum or improvement purposes, buildings suitable for the disabled, shopping centers, petrol station systems with covered lanes, etc. - structures that can be dismantled and re-erected as mentioned.

• Tiefgaragen, Ein- und Mehrfamilienhäuser mit hohen Ansprüchen, größere und größte Wohnungsanlagen privater Hand, Hochhäuser für Wohn- und Verwaltungszwecke, einfacher Schulbau, allgemeine öffentliche Verwaltungsbauten, Gesundheitshäuser, Bürgerhäuser, Anstalten des Strafvollzugs, Küchenanlagen mittlerer Größe, Supermärkte, öffentliche Großmarktanlagen, mittlere Hotels, Rathäuser, Ausstellungshallen, usw. - ebenfalls demontier- und erneut aufstellbare Bauwerke wie aufgeführt.

For structures with above-average space requirements and structural and technical expansion such as:

• Underground garages, single-family and multi-family houses with high demands, larger and largest residential complexes privately owned, high-rise buildings for residential and administrative purposes, simple school construction, general public administration buildings, health houses, town houses, prisons, medium-sized kitchen facilities, supermarkets, public wholesale market facilities, medium-sized hotels , Town halls, exhibition halls, etc. - also disassembled and re-erectable structures as listed.

• Krankenhausbauten, alle Bauten - auch Hochhäuser für Lehre und Forschung der Industrie, Hochschul- und Universitätsbauten, Museen und Galerien, öffentliche Schwimmbadanlagen, Großküchen, Kaufhäuser, Großhotelanlagen, usw. - auch diese Bauwerke wie aufgeführt in demontier- und erneut aufstellbarer Bauweise errichtet.

Buildings with the highest demands on all trades including full air conditioning are:

• Hospital buildings, all buildings - including high-rise buildings for teaching and research in industry, university and university buildings, museums and galleries, public swimming pools, canteen kitchens, department stores, large hotel complexes, etc. - these buildings are also constructed in the manner that can be dismantled and re-erected.

• a) in den vier Ecken einer rechteckigen Grundfläche werden Stützenfußeinrichtungen ('A') oder ('B') aus Stützenfußplatten in Stahl und Federn oder Stoßdämpfern angeordnet ;
• b) die Höhe (v) der Stützenfußplatten ist immer gleich ;
• c) die Stützenbreite (e) ist nur nach der Innenseite der rechteckigen Grundfläche variabel ;
• d) die vier Stützenfußeinrichtungen sind durch den unteren Tragringbalken variabler Höhe verbunden, dessen Breite der Stützenbreite (e) entspricht;
• e) zu der durch die Unterkanten der Fußplatten verlaufenden Ebene hat der untere Tragringbalken in der Höhe der Fußplatten einen Abstand von (v), und im gleichen Abstand über dieser Ebene ist außenseitig umlaufend ein Gesimsringbalken unten bündig an den Tragringbalken angearbeitet ;
• f) der Gesimsringbalken hat einen immer gleichbleibenden Querschnitt und seine Außenkanten bestimmen die immer gleichbleibende Grundfläche des Elementes von (a) auf ((a) : 2-(v)), wobei (a) immer die größte Länge eines Skelettrahmenelementes mit rechteckiger Grundfläche ist und die Tiefe (d) des Gesimsringbalkens zur Aufnahme von Außenwänden oder Brandwänden innen - beziehungsweise von Deckenplatten zur Schließung von Element zu Element in Zuge der Montage gewählt ist;
• g) auf der Innenseite des unteren Tragringbalkens ist auf gleicher Höhe des unteren Gesimsbalkens ein Decken-Auflagerringbalken angearbeitet, der einen gleichbleibenden, quadratischen Querschnitt hat ;
• h) auf den Decken-Auflagerringbalken sind in der kurzen Spannrichtung (k) im Fugenabstand (v : 2) der Höhe nach Deckenplatten verlegt, deren Höhe (m) einschließlich Fuge der Höhe des Tragringbalkens abzüglich der Höhe (1) des Decken-Auflagerringbalkens entspricht, wobei dadurch die Oberflächen der Deckenplatten mit den Oberseiten des Tragringbalkens in einer Ebene verlaufen ;

• i) im lichten Abstand von (n) befindet sich der Lage nach genau über dem unteren Tragringbalken der obere Tragringbalken, der ebenfalls die Breite (e), jedoch eine Höhe hat, die der Höhe (1) des Decken-Auflagerringbalkens plus einer Höhe (o) entspricht, wobei (o) größer als (m) ist ;
• j) an den oberen Tragringbalken ist oben ein außen umlaufender Gesimsbalken angearbeitet, der genau über dem unteren Gesimsbalken liegt und den gleichen Querschnitt hat ;
• k) die Oberseite des oberen Gesimsbalkens liegt bündig mit der Oberseite des oberen Tragringbalkens und bündig mit der Unterseite des oberen Tragringbalkens ist an diesen der obere innenseitig umlaufende Dach-Decken-Auflagerbalken angearbeitet, der genau über dem unteren Decken-Auflagerbalken liegt und den gleichen gleichbleibenden, quadratischen Querschnitt wie der Decken-Auflagerringbalken hat, wobei die Höhe (o), die der Höhe des oberen Tragringbalkens abzüglich der Höhe (1) des Decken-Auflagerringbalkens entspricht, die Aufnahme von Dach-Deckenplatten mit einem Fugenabstand von (v : 2) auf dem Auflagerringbalken und die volle Konstruktionshöhe einer Flachdachabdichtung erlaubt ;
• I) mit Ausnahme des oberen Tragringbalkens sind sämtliche Querschnitte und Abstände immer gleichbleibend und der Tragringbalken ist in seiner Breite von (e) und in seiner Tiefe über die Unterseite des innen umlaufenden Auflagerbalkens hinaus variabel ;
• m) in den vier Ecken wird der obere Tragringbalken durch die dort angeordneten Stützenkopfeinrichtungen ('A') oder ('B'), die jeweils aus einer Kopfplatte und einer Gewindebuchse bestehen, um die Höhe (v) überragt, wobei die Kopfplatten den gleichen Querschnitt wie die Fußplatten haben, und je nach Stützen-Querschnitt die Stützenbreite (e) nach der Innenseite der rechteckigen Grundfläche variabel ist ;
• n) der untere horizontale Tragringbalken ist mit dem oberen horizontal liegenden Tragringbalken durch vier vertikale gleichlange Stützen miteinander verbunden, deren Lage sich genau mit den vier Kopfplatten und den vier Fußplatten deckt und deren Stützenbreite (e) nach der Innenseite der rechteckigen Grundfläche variabel ist, ohne die vier Außenecken der Stützen der Lage nach zu verändern ;
• o) die vier Stützen weisen zwischen Oberkante des unteren Tragringbalkens und der Unterseite des oberen Tragringbalkens die gleiche lichte Höhe (n) auf, die so gewählt ist, daß die Grund-Elemente auch nach Einbau von abgehängten Decken und aufgestelzten Fußböden beim Einsatz als Vollgeschoß-Elemente immer noch die geforderten lichten Raumhöhen für Wohn- oder Arbeitsräume gewährleisten ; und
• p) die Oberkanten der Stützenkopf-Konstruktionen werden mit einer gedachten horizontalen Linie verbunden, wobei der Gesamtabstand von dieser Linie bis zur horizontalen Ebene unter den Stützenfuß-Konstruktionen für das Grund-Element die Höhe über alles von (b) ergibt und diese Gesamthöhe vorzugsweise durch das immer gleichbleibende Steigungsverhältnis von (z) bei Einbau von Treppenanlagen durchlaufen wird.

The open skeleton frame system according to the invention is characterized by a full-floor basic element which, in the case of a rectangular base area, is composed of the following rigidly connected structural components:

• a) in the four corners of a rectangular base, column foot devices ('A') or ('B') made of column foot plates are arranged in steel and springs or shock absorbers;
• b) the height (v) of the column foot plates is always the same;
• c) the column width (e) is variable only on the inside of the rectangular base area;
• d) the four column foot devices are connected by the lower supporting ring beam of variable height, the width of which corresponds to the column width (e);
• e) to the plane running through the lower edges of the foot plates, the lower support ring beam is at a height of (v) at the height of the foot plates, and at the same distance above this level, a cornice ring beam is machined all round on the outside of the support ring beam;
• f) the cornice ring beam always has a constant cross-section and its outer edges determine the always constant base area of the element from (a) to ((a): 2- (v)), where (a) is always the greatest length of a skeleton frame element with a rectangular base area and the depth (d) of the cornice beam for receiving external walls or fire walls inside - respectively of ceiling panels for closing from element to element in the course of assembly is selected;
• g) on the inside of the lower support ring beam at the same height as the lower cornice beam, a ceiling support ring beam is worked on, which has a constant, square cross-section;
• h) on the ceiling support ring beams are laid in the short span direction (k) at the joint spacing (v: 2) the height of the ceiling tiles, the height (m) including the joint of which corresponds to the height of the supporting ring beam minus the height (1) of the ceiling support ring beam , whereby the surfaces of the ceiling panels run in one plane with the upper sides of the supporting ring beam;

• i) at a clear distance from (n) the position is exactly above the lower support ring beam, which also has the width (e), but a height that is equal to the height (1) of the ceiling support ring beam plus a height ( o) corresponds to, where (o) is greater than (m);
• j) on the upper supporting ring beam, an outer all-round cornice beam is worked on, which lies exactly above the lower cornice beam and has the same cross-section;
• k) the top of the upper cornice beam is flush with the top of the upper support ring beam and flush with the underside of the upper support ring beam, the upper inner circumferential roof-ceiling support beam is worked on this, which lies exactly above the lower ceiling support beam and the same constant square cross-section like the ceiling support ring beam, the height (o), which corresponds to the height of the upper support ring beam minus the height (1) of the ceiling support ring beam, the inclusion of roof-ceiling tiles with a joint spacing of (v: 2) allowed on the support ring beam and the full construction height of a flat roof seal;
• I) With the exception of the upper support ring beam, all cross-sections and distances are always constant and the support ring beam is variable in its width from (e) and in depth beyond the underside of the inner circumferential support beam;
• m) in the four corners, the upper supporting ring beam is protruded by the height (v) by the column head devices ('A') or ('B'), which each consist of a head plate and a threaded bushing, the head plates being the same Cross-section like the foot plates, and depending on the column cross-section the column width (e) is variable towards the inside of the rectangular base area;
• n) the lower horizontal support ring beam is connected to the upper horizontal support ring beam by four vertical supports of equal length, the position of which coincides exactly with the four head plates and the four foot plates and whose support width (e) is variable towards the inside of the rectangular base area, without change the four outer corners of the supports according to their position;
• o) the four supports have the same clear height (s) between the upper edge of the lower support ring beam and the underside of the upper support ring beam, which is chosen so that the basic elements can also be used after installation of suspended ceilings and raised floors when used as a full-floor Elements still guarantee the required clear room heights for living or working spaces; and
• p) the upper edges of the column head constructions are connected with an imaginary horizontal line, the total distance from this line to the horizontal plane under the column foot constructions for the basic element giving the overall height of (b) and this total height preferably by the constant gradient ratio of (z) is passed through when installing stairways.

In order to be able to erect buildings in all their diversity and as far as possible in terms of architectural design and to cover the building and component requirements that arise, 10 basic elements have been developed according to the invention, which can be supplemented by any special elements.

The 10 basic elements with the considerations on which they are based are also explained in more detail with reference to the attached drawings according to their possible uses.

• a) in ihrer Länge und Breite speziell jedoch in ihrer Höhe müssen die Elemente ohne Entwicklung spezieller Transportfahrzeuge bewegbar sein.

The following aspects were decisive for dimensioning and material selection of the elements across all individual components:

• a) in their length and width, but especially in their height, the elements must be movable without the development of special transport vehicles.

Consideration should be given to generally prescribed road widths, heights of overhead lines and other obstacles in public transport.

Nevertheless, the respective road traffic regulations require special permits and escorts (driving in a convoy).

Of the 10 developed elements, elements (1) to (3) have a rectangular base area and elements (6) to (10) have a square base area of the size that, taking into account a central joint, two elements (6) each in the element ( 1), two elements (7) in the element (2), two elements (8) in the element (3), two elements (9) in the element (4) and two elements (10) in the Element (5) fit.

Drawing sheet 1 shows in Fig. 1 that the elements (1) to (5) can be stacked on one another. This also applies to the elements (6) to (10) with each other.

Drawing sheet 2 shows in Fig. 2 that taking into account static requirements that bring changes only in the interior of the elements in the column and support beam area, the stackability of the elements (1) to (10) and thus the height of these elements buildings (even in graded form) are limited only by the use of vertical transport devices (crane systems).

Fig. 2 shows that in the basement not only elements of a square base, for example elements (6) under element (1) or elements (7) under element (2), but for example also two elements (8) under one element ( 2) or (3) or (4) can be arranged.

In coordination with the statics of the respective building to be erected on the ground, individual foundations as shown in Fig. 2 under (11) and (12) may be used or in-situ concrete structures such as foundation slabs as shown in Fig. 20 may be required.

The height grid (A) results from the lowest elements (1), (6), (4) and (9) or (b: 4), their height dimension above all. (b) is the height measurement of elements (2) and (7) above all. The elements (3) and (8) have an overall height of (b: 2). The elements (5) and (10) are the only ones with the special height of (c) above all. The most important criterion of all height dimensions, even with the most varied stacking of elements, is that they can always be traversed by a constant gradient ratio of (z). This is illustrated in drawing sheet 8 in Fig. 20 and drawing sheet 19 in Fig. 31. More details on the description of each individual element.

Drawing sheet 1 in Fig. 1 and drawing sheet 3 in Fig. 3 are for the bases of the elements (1) to (5) the length of (a) and the width of (a: 2-v) and for the elements (6) to (10) for length and width the dimension of (a: 2-v). 3 shows that there are no limits to the arrangement of the elements (1) to (10) with respect to one another and thus within a length pattern (B) = (a: 2-v) and a width pattern of (C) = (a: 2 -v) all conceivable building outlines are possible.

b) Since the elements in the shell with structural expansion and full technical expansion up to 90% are prefabricated in a factory, then transported and assembled on-site, the top priority for the choice of materials will be the weights of the shell structure, the expansion parts and all facilities as low as possible to keep.

This applies in particular to the full-floor element (2), which may contain a heating center that is fully operational at the factory, which is located in a basement, or contains a fully developed ventilation center that is to be moved as the last top floor.

Nevertheless, in extreme cases, full weights of up to 20 tons are expected for functionally designed and equipped full-floor elements.

On the other hand, an underground garage element (basic element (2)) can also have column cross-sections of 0.50 m and support beam widths of 0.50 m for structural reasons and be made of reinforced concrete, for example B 350.

On the other hand, according to structural analysis, a basic element (2) that only covers a fully developed part of a room for permanent occupancy can also be used with column cross sections of only 0.25 / 0.25 m and supporting beam widths of 0.25 m in lightweight concrete. Construction be made.

The choice of materials is therefore always based on the intended use of the room elements, which can be seen in the overall planning of a building project.

For the spatial elements (1) to (10), clad steel, reinforced concrete, prestressed steel, lightweight steel reinforced concrete as well as prestressed lightweight concrete constructions are therefore considered for their supporting beams and support structures in all six levels.

The above-mentioned materials can be used for particularly heavily loaded raw ceiling and roof constructions. Apart from these, only lightweight concrete roof and ceiling panels are preferably installed. However, the thickness of the ceiling structures must not exceed 0.20 m.

Load-bearing walls are generally not required according to the prefabricated system registered here. So outer, house, fire, and all other inner partitions can be made from lightweight materials, solid or multi-layered up to 0.30 m thick, as far as permitted.

• Die Elemente (1) bis (5) bzw. (6) bis (10) sind wie bisher aufgezeigt nicht nur in ihren Umrissen über alles, sondern auch in ihren wesentlichen konstruktiven Merkmalen weitestgehend baugleich.

The elements (1) to (10) in detail:

• The elements (1) to (5) and (6) to (10) are, as previously shown, not only largely identical in their outlines, but also in their essential design features.

Drawing sheet 4 shows the basic element (2) in Fig. 4 in longitudinal section, in Fig. 5 in horizontal section and in Figs. 6 and 7 in width section.

It consists of four square supports (17) with a cross section of (e / e), an upper circumferential support ring beam (15) with a cross section of (e / I + o), a lower circumferential support ring beam (19) with a cross section of ( e / 1 + m), an upper outer circumferential cornice ring beam (14) with a cross section of (d / I), a lower outer circumferential cornice ring beam (20) with a cross section of (d / l), an upper inner circumferential support ring beam (16 ) with a cross section of (I / h), a lower inner circumferential support ring beam (18) with a cross section of (1 / h), four head constructions (13) above the supports and in cross section of the supports with a height of (v), four foot constructions (21) under the supports and in cross section of the supports with a height of (v) and four circumferential anchor rail rings (94) (embedded in each case in the center of all inside pillars, in all undersides of the upper support ring beams and in all upper sides of the lower support ring beams).

The overall dimensions: (a) for the length, (a: 2-v) for the width and (b) for the height have already been explained. (n) indicates the clear support height of the full floor. This is chosen so that the element (2) when used for. B. in residential construction, taking into account the required clear room heights, the use of suspended ceilings and raised floors (each with the same height) with the resulting advantages for the installation.

The basic element (2) can still be used by choosing (s) as a full floor if the clear room height is required for offices or workplaces. By choosing the clear column spacing of (f) in the longitudinal direction, the basic element (2) is fully usable even for larger meeting rooms, whereby (f) becomes the width of the room and the required length of the rooms by lining up the basic elements (2) is achievable. Space-intensive installations must then be dispensed with within this element - or it must be supplemented by adding one of the basic elements (3) or (4).

The basic element (2) with the concrete ceiling inserted below and cement or industrial screeds lying above it, which run over the lower supporting ring beams (from element to element), can then already be fully used for the construction of industrial plants, underground garages, etc.

In small buildings z. B. two side-by-side basic elements (2) with the required outer wall parts and finished flat roof construction a double garage. A single element with four walls and a complete flat roof as well as a built-in gate with the clear width of the supports of (g) forms a garage with storage room.

The examples mentioned make it clear that the basic element (2) for full storeys is the most spatially most important element for the construction of buildings, which were mentioned in the application area.

Drawing 8 shows in Fig. 20 the stairwell special element for full storeys (2 ') in longitudinal section to complement the basic element (2). It is completely identical to the basic element (2) when used in single and two-family houses and also contains a double-flight straight staircase with two twelve steps (gradient ratio (z)), two platforms and a pedestal support beam at the width of the columns. These components are installed in the factory as part of the skeleton frame construction for the basic element (2).

Drawing sheet 9 shows in Fig. 21 the stairwell special element (2 ') in the middle in the plan. Due to the omission of the upper and lower roof and ceiling support beams, this stair element features wider stairways that are integrated in the wall panels between the supports in the longitudinal direction and can therefore be used in general residential construction. Platforms and other structural parts as in the previously described full-floor elements (2) and (2 ').

Drawing sheet 9 shows two stairwell special elements (2'.2) in the center left in FIG. 21. In order to achieve even wider staircases per element, only one staircase is hung on a wall panel between the supports. In a mirror image allocation and closure of platforms from one element to another, a stairway in buildings with strong Publikumsver- _'k ore may for installation results.

Drawing sheet 9 shows two stairwell special elements (2'.1) in the center right in Fig. 21. These are characterized by the fact that they only have straight single stairs, the runs of which have the full inside width between two supports in the width direction and are clamped between two wall panels in the length direction. Two of these elements side by side with or without connecting the platforms form staircases for the heaviest public traffic.

Drawing sheet 9 shows in Fig. 21 top left the elevator special element (2.1) for a large cabin elevator that fills the full clear space between the four supports according to length and width.

Drawing sheet 9 shows the basic element (2.2) with a partition in element width and correspondingly smaller elevator shaft in Fig. 21 bottom right.

On the drawing sheet 9, the basic element (2'.3) with a residential staircase with spiral steps through 180 ° is shown at the bottom right. This staircase system is integrated in three wall panels on the outside.

Drawing sheet 9 shows in Fig. 21 top right the stairwell element (2'.4) with a partition in the width of the element and a self-supporting spiral staircase which is also round on the outside.

Drawing sheet 9 shows the basic element (2'.5) in the top center in FIG. 21 with a partition in element width and an outside square spiral staircase.

On the drawing sheet 9, the basic element (2.3) with a possible division into rooms by smaller wall panels (three pieces) is shown at the top right.

Drawing sheet 9 shows in Fig. 21 bottom left the elevator special element (7.1) for a small cabin elevator, which fills the full clear space between the four supports according to length and width.

Drawing sheet 9 shows the stair element (7'.1) with a spiral staircase, which is also circular on the outside, in the lower left in FIG. 21.

On the drawing sheet 9, the stair element (7'.2) with a spiral staircase with an outer, square outline is shown in the bottom center of Fig. 21.

On drawing sheet 4, the basic element (7) is also shown in width section in both directions in FIGS. 6 and 7.

Figures 6 and 7 also show that all elements (1) to (10) are always set up and assembled at a joint distance of (2.v).

Drawing sheet 5 represents the basic elements (1) and (4) for foundation areas and the elements (6) and (9) for foundation areas in Fig. 8 in a longitudinal section, in Fig. 9 in a horizontal section and in Figs. 10 and 11 in Wide section. These elements have the following construction parts with the basic element (2):

The head and foot constructions (13) and (21) and the lower outer cornice beam (20). They differ in the following features:

The four supports of the same cross-section and the same position (22) only have a height of (b: 4) ./. (2.v), above the cornice the columns run on four sides of wall panel strips - longitudinal panels including angles in the longitudinal direction (27) and Wall panels (30) in the middle in the width direction (selected panel thickness of (u)), in the solid wall panels installation openings in lightweight materials are closed for breakthrough according to requirements of various sizes (23), (26) and (29), upper roof-ceiling tile support beams are between the supports and the wall panels (25) and (32), lower roof-ceiling tile support beams as described above (24) and (31).

The overall dimensions: (a) for the length, (a: 2-v) for the width and (b) for the height have already been explained. On drawing sheet 5, the KUBUS basic elements (6) and (9) are also shown in width section in both directions in FIGS. 10 and 11.

Drawing sheet 6 shows the basic element (3) and the basic element (8). 12 shows the basic element (3) in a longitudinal section, FIG. 13 shows the element (3) in a horizontal section and FIGS. 14 and 15 show the basic element (3) in two width sections.

Figures 14 and 15 again show the element (8) in its longitudinal and width section. The basic element (3) has the same structural parts (13) to (21) except (17) as the basic element (2). The same applies to the basic element (8) compared to the basic element (7). The only change in the elements (3) and (8) is that the supports (17) are replaced by the supports (33) with the lower clear height dimension of (r). The basic elements (3) and (8) are components that are mostly used when there is a high additional space or technology requirement above the basic elements (2) and (7). However, they will also arise if there is a high additional foundation space requirement under elements (2) or (7).

Drawing sheet 7 shows the basic elements (5) and (10). The basic element (5) is shown in FIG. 16 in longitudinal section, in FIG. 17 in horizontal section and in FIGS. 18 and 19 in two width sections and the element (10) in the width sections in both directions. For the basic elements (5) and (10), apart from the fact that the four supports (34) are lower and the upper roof support beams are omitted, there is complete identical construction with the basic elements (1) and (4).

The elements (5) and (10) differ from the elements (1), (4), (6) and (9) further by lower circumferential wall disks (41) and by installation openings as in the elements (1), (4 ), (6) and (9) but in other sizes (35), (36), (37), (38), (42) and (43). The basic elements (5) and (10) are always used when parapet, balcony and terrace enclosures are to be built or under or above elements already described, additional space in the foundation or technical area is required for installations.

Drawing 8 shows in Fig. 20, in addition to the elements (2 ') already described, also the stairwell element (1') to supplement the basic element (1) with a stair landing and a short single-flight staircase, to supplement the basic element (3) the staircase extension element (3 ') with a stair landing and a long, straight stair run (length of the run equals a run length in the stairwell element (2')) and to complement the basic element (5) the stairwell Element (5 ') without platform with only a short flight of stairs (e.g. in roof centers).

Drawing sheet 10 shows in Fig. 22 the application of KUBUS basic elements using the example of a rectangular model house. The KUBUS basic elements (7} as a porch, hallway, wet room, dining and pantry, kitchen, edible bar with differential steps and the spiral staircase element with the respective proportions from the outside are shown in the center from top to bottom - and interior walls, technical facilities and objects and the built-in furniture. Right from top to bottom are the basic elements (2) for a large bedroom, for a large bathroom (lowered), for a trim room with double-sided wet cells, for a guest room ( two people), for a large dining room, for a living area with a winter garden and for a further living area - each with their proportions of external and internal walls, technical facilities and objects, fixed fittings and loose furniture - in full equipment, in which the elements can leave the factory practically.

The basic elements (2) are shown on the left outside from top to bottom with all structural, technical and other equipment for an office room with a porch, two office rooms with a corridor share, utility room with a corridor, children's room with a corridor area and a large winter garden Difference levels and a large fireplace room. In this application example it is made clear that the basic elements (2) and (7) in their basic areas do everything to meet the space requirements in apartment and office construction according to the invention.

Drawing sheet 11 shows in Fig. 23 that when using full storey elements (2) and (7), even inconveniently cut plots - in this example sloping plot boundaries up to 45 ° - can be built with the best possible use of the plot area.

Fig. 23 also shows further application examples of the full-floor elements (2) and (7) in residential construction in the application example for a model house in the ground floor plan, which is graded in its contours. The full-floor element (2) will be placed in its use for a garage with tool shed and differential stages, a zweiläufiges staircase with 180 ^0- coiling and dining room share, dining room with conservatory and Eßbaranteil, bathroom with shower and bidet - with toilet and anteroom and differential stages , Closet and ladies' room and swimming pool, which is lowered to the upper edge of the terrace.

Fig. 23 also shows other full-floor elements (7) in their use as: windscreen and corridor element, living space share element with storage cupboard and stair element with a spiral staircase of the smallest diameter.

Drawing sheet 12 shows in FIG. 24 a possible partial basement of the ground floor floor plan shown in FIG. 23 using basic elements (2) and (7). The basic element (2) is represented in its use as: storage space for solid fuels, boiler room with chimney and corridor, workshop with corridor and tank room. The basic element (7) is represented as: house connection room and cellar room.

24 also shows a possible subsequent superstructure of the ground floor shown in FIG. 23. The basic element (5) is also shown in its application as a balcony with differential levels above the garage and as a terrace on the roof surface.

Fig. 24 also shows a further possible addition of the prescribed upper floor with a second upper floor.

Fig. 24 also shows a further possible increase on the second floor, a full-floor element (7) and a full-floor element (2) being shown as a laundry drying and sun terrace.

All in all, a building E + 3 can be built at regular intervals without any conversion costs.

Drawing sheet 13 shows in Fig. 25 in the application example for a rectangular model house that only three full-floor elements (2) are sufficient to accommodate the ground floor of a single-family house with a spacious three-room apartment.

Drawing sheet 14 shows in Fig. 26 that for a full basement of the rectangular model house shown in Fig. 25 three further full-floor elements (2) are sufficient to obtain the following rooms: boiler room, room with oil tank, room for solid fuels, hobby room and house connection room . The required light wells are already connected to the elements at the factory. Basement external staircases can be supplied as individual elements or can also be connected in whole or in part at the factory to the full-floor elements.

Drawing sheet 15 shows in Fig. 27 a further application example of the full-floor element (2) for a single-family dwelling with a rectangular base area without a basement.

Fig. 27 shows at the bottom left the section through the non-basement detached house in width through the element (2) with spiral staircase and a 45 ° gable roof.

Drawing sheet 16 illustrates in Fig. 28 in an application example for a model house in an angular form the further use of full-floor elements (2) and (7), all elements from the application example under Fig. 27 being used again after only minor conversion measures. For example, when using elements from a medium-sized rectangular single-family home with a gable roof that does not have a basement, it can become a large angular single-family home with full basement and a hip roof.

Fig. 28 also shows in the basement floor plan three full-floor elements (2) according to their use for a large swimming pool system with sauna and machine room and in the ground floor floor plan an element (7) for a covered terrace.

Drawing sheet 17 shows in Fig. 29 a longitudinal section through roof-ceiling panels of the elements (2) and (3).

In the drawing sheet 17, the horizontal section through ceiling roof panels of the elements (2) and (3) is shown in Fig. 29.1. Four installation openings with a cross-section of (0.30 / 0.30 m) are prepared in the ceiling constructions in the inner corners of the all-round roof-ceiling tile support beams (93). Circular cutouts for spiral staircases (50) for diameters from the inner edge of the support beam to the inner edge of the support beam or from the inside. Support beams to the inside of the support beams are indicated.

Drawing sheet 17 shows two horizontal sections in Fig. 29.2. thanks to roof-ceiling tile layers for elements (7) and (8). These elements also have installation openings (93) with a cross section of (0.30 / 0.30 m) prepared in their four corners. The possible circular cutouts (50) from the ceiling tile layers are also indicated here.

Drawing sheet 17 shows in Fig. 29.3 the longitudinal section through a roof ceiling tile valid for the Elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) as well as a section through the roof ceiling panels in width for elements (7) and (8).

Drawing sheet 18 shows in Fig. 30 the roof slabs for the elements (1), (4) and (5) in longitudinal section.

Drawing sheet 18 shows in Fig. 30.1 a horizontal section through ceiling roof panels of elements (1), (4) and (5).

Drawing sheet 18 shows in Fig. 30.2 two horizontal sections through the roof ceiling panels of elements (6), (9) and (10).

Drawing sheet 18 shows in Fig. 30.3 the longitudinal section through a roof slab in elements (1), (4), (5), (6), (9) and (10) and a section through the plate widths for the elements ( 6), (9) and (10).

Also within the roof ceiling panels for the elements (1), (4), (5), (6), (9) and (10) are circular cutouts for spiral staircases (50) and in all four corners of the roof ceiling panel structures installation openings (93) indicated in the cross section of (0.30 / 0.30 m). Cutouts and openings are exactly above or below those of elements (2), (3), (7) and (8). However, due to the other element designs, they have no direct contact with structural parts of the element itself.

Drawing 19 shows in Fig. 31 possible ceiling-roof tile layers in the diagram (vertical section) with an arbitrary arrangement of basic elements (1) to (10) with one another. Fig. 31 clearly shows in the representation of the central stairwell that the basic elements (1) to (10) are characterized as a special feature in that they can always be walked through with the same gradient ratio. However, it will also be seen that ceiling tiles can lie at any level within the vertical grid at the smallest distance of 0.85 m or in the normal grid of 1.05 m. On the other hand, it is also possible to build tall tower and shaft systems with roof closings without any intermediate ceiling tile layer.

Drawing sheet 20 Fig. 32 only partially shows possibilities for the formation of external walls using gad concrete slabs 50 cm or 62.5 cm wide as well as some examples of additional arrangement of auxiliary supports as far as these are statically required.

Particularly noteworthy, as very cheap in the assembly process of outer walls made of gas concrete slabs for the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) on outer wall corners, which are mitred (80) and (81) , and on different constructions for facade closure from element to element-like outer wall element joint (87) by placing a fitting plate from support to support, outer wall element joint (88) by truncated pyramid-shaped fitting plate, outer wall element joint (89) by placing a fitting plate between two «External walls», external wall element joint (91) through T-shaped fitting to the outer edge of the cornice and placing a fitting plate between two «external walls •. There are no load-bearing outer walls when building with elements. Auxiliary supports (58) clamped in the middle at the bottom as required, auxiliary supports (59) clamped in the middle at the bottom three-quarters as required and auxiliary supports (60) clamped in at the top and bottom depending on the requirement and structural analysis.

Drawing sheet 21 shows in Fig. 33 in a perspective diagram with sections the most important construction details of the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) which have been described up to here, supplemented by external walls and roof ceiling panels.

Fig. 33 also shows three further design features for building using basic elements: Basically, all of the cornice beams running around the top and bottom of the outside are designed in their outer third in the form of a water leg (upper slope and lower water nose). In general, all exterior and interior walls and all roof and ceiling tiles are stored on PVC or rubber bearings, which are in the middle of the support joints and generally have a height of (v: 2).

The basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) have four circumferential anchor rail rings - profiles according to structural requirements - in the middle of the inside of the supports and top and bottom, especially for absorbing external wall loads Lying on the underside of the supporting beams.

Drawing sheet 22 shows the largest possible outer wall openings in FIG. 34. These can always extend from column to column in their clear structural dimensions in width and length of the basic elements (2) and (7). Even the narrow strip between two supports in the transition from element to element can be used in the full width of the support spacing to create openings in the outer wall area. The clear height dimension depends on the respective use or the degree of expansion of the full-floor elements. However, the full clear interior height can always be the height for the outer wall openings to be created. For the facade design, as shown in Fig. 34, the horizontal lines that result from the construction of the KUBUS basic elements (1) to (10) resulting from the top and bottom cornice beams can be used. Mandatory visible outer wall joints only result with restrictions in the length dimensions of the basic elements (1) to (10) over everything in the joint area from element to element. In addition to the illustrated outer walls made of gas concrete slabs with an outer plastic coating, all known multi-layered outer wall systems can also be installed in the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8). With the previously mentioned outer wall constructions, it is also possible for to loosen the element joints in the vertical and to arrange them in other places according to your own visual feeling. It is even conceivable to get rid of the joint and cornice beams horizontally by choosing a multi-layered outer wall system with, for example, an outer light metal facade shell, which then runs in front of the end faces of the cornice beams and thus even these structural parts of the basic elements ( 1) to (10) covered.

The solid wall connections developed for element-to-element exterior wall connections, in particular, offer the optical outer facade division: wall plate with a truncated pyramid-shaped cross-section (88) (forming two vertical joints at a greater distance) and the T-shaped wall connection part which is flush with the projecting cornice beams on the outside , in connection with the horizontal element joints and cornice beams, extremely varied options for structuring the facade for a wide variety of building projects.

It is found that the basic elements (1) to (10) of the architectural facade design developed according to the invention leave all possibilities open.

Drawing sheet 23 in FIG. 35 shows a number of examples in vertical section from the myriad of possibilities for opening openings in outer walls. Fig. 35 shows a double window-door construction with a blind on the inside, with a height from the suspended ceiling to the raised floor or to the floor above the bare ceiling (96). Door system (97) with a small blind box lying above the suspended ceiling, the blind running between the window constructions, is shown.

Above right it is shown that in the case of window door openings with roller blind boxes, it is necessary to lower the suspended ceiling and, if necessary, the erected floor. In the top right, in the middle, there is a door and window opening with a fighter (98) underneath, and in the top right, a simple window and door construction without partitions with shutters (99) is shown.

Fig. 35 also shows at the bottom left that the largest roller shutter boxes (103) for door / window heights of around 3.00 m always form a visible lintel box, even below suspended ceilings. In the lower left in the middle you can see a door-window element in a double-shell construction with a blind installed in the middle (105). At the bottom left is also a single window (104), which only leads from the lintel to the parapet height.

Fig. 35 shows two further options at the bottom right, which are given in height in the case of door / window constructions if they lead from suspended ceilings to raised floors or to floor constructions on bare ceilings. At the bottom right in the middle is a simple door-window element with fighter divisions at the top and bottom (101) and box for indirect lighting (102) on the lintel. A simple window / door combination with only one lower fighter and one roller blind box (100) is shown in the lower right.

Drawing sheet 24 shows inner walls in FIG. 36. These are generally not load-bearing when building with elements.

Interior walls can be set up within the full-floor elements (2) and (7) in the usual thicknesses and even in the thicknesses of the outer walls at any point within the element base areas (except for the full joint widths between the elements). Fig. 36 shows from the myriad of possible variations due to the layout, only a few examples of inner walls which are massively assembled from gas concrete slabs. However, interior walls can generally also be created in all known multi-layer wall systems for light partition walls. If necessary, only special connecting pieces need to be developed for this, which are required to close the inner wall gaps in the joint area from element to element. For this purpose, FIG. 36 also shows a gas concrete slab having a truncated pyramid-shaped cross-section (119) or a rectangular slab (120) to be inserted bluntly.

For edged door openings within the inner walls of any size, only known telescopic frame elements should be used (if necessary with only minor changes to the adjustment).

Drawing sheet 25 shows in Fig. 37 interior walls in vertical width section in their different heights.

In Fig. 37 above, the following inner walls are shown from left to right: A light partition 15 cm thick ending at the top inside the suspended ceiling (123), a fire wall / apartment or house partition 20 cm thick up to the top edge of the inside continuous supporting beam (124), a low inner partition wall ending in a suspended ceiling in residential construction (125), an inner wall 15 cm thick in height from the top of the support beam to the underside of the support beam (126), an inner partition wall 15 cm thick to the top reaching from two vertically offset suspended ceilings (127) and the thinnest inner partition (10 cm thick) of medium height then with the top of a suspended ceiling (128). For the pre. The interior walls, lightweight partitions, apartment / house partitions described below apply to the fact that these can be made from lightweight construction, since there are no load-bearing interior walls when building with elements. In Fig. 37, only solid walls, made of gas concrete slabs, are made.

Drawing sheet 25 shows in Fig. 37 below from left to right the height of further inner walls in section such as: Weakest partition only 10 cm thick to the bottom inner circumferential Support beams (129), a 15 cm thick inner wall from the upper edge of the unfinished ceiling to the lower edge of the unfinished ceiling (130), example of an interior wall that is not designed to be as high as a room through a raised floor (131) that is 20 cm thick when building with elements, the best fire / house or apartment partition at the height from the upper edge of the lower - to the underside of the upper cornice beam (like an outer wall) (132), a partition only 10 cm thick ending with the top of a suspended ceiling (133) and another fire or apartment partition with a thickness of 20 cm, however, the height only extends from the lower to the upper support beam (134).

Apart from the only exception, where the inner walls can have the same height as the outer walls, basically all possible types of inner walls are placed with a joint spacing (v: 2) on the upper sides of the supporting ring beams or on the lower ceiling panels.

Drawing sheet 26 shows in Fig. 38 top left construction and assembly details such as joints, anchors and bearings for ceilings and walls. The right part of FIG. 38 shows: Gas concrete outer wall elements have threaded bolts connected to the reinforcement. The end faces of the support ring beams are glued on with thermal insulation. The outer wall is placed on a rubber or soft PVC profile (v: 2) high on the outer lower cornice beam. The threaded bolts are anchored and aligned using steel angle plates in the anchor channels, which are embedded in the center of the supports. The resulting joints (v: 2) between the outer wall panels and the upper and lower cornice beams and the upper and lower supporting beams are stuffed with thermal insulation material and sealed at their outer ends in a permanently elastic manner. Loads from the outer walls are not transferred to the lower cornice beams when building with elements that are specific. Ceiling and roof panels made of heavy or lightweight concrete are also generally stored on the inner circumferential supporting ring beams on (v: 2) high rubber or soft PVC joint tapes. The resulting circumferential vertical and horizontal joints are either filled with a plastic mortar, or stuffed with thermal insulation material and, if necessary, permanently sealed all round.

Note of a basic nature: All freely visible steel parts used when building with KUBUS elements are basically coated in such a way that rust is prevented in the long term.

In Fig. 38 steel connection angles are shown, the size and number of pieces for the attachment of outer walls in the circumferential anchor channels depends on the structural analysis. This also applies to the arrangement of mounting brackets. Fig. 38 shows on the right the already described possibility of installing the outer walls by fastening in the lintel area against the underside of the upper support ring beam or the attachment of the outer wall base area against the upper side of the lower support ring beam and only a medium mounting angle against the support.

Drawing sheet 26 shows in Fig. 39 the formation and installation of fire walls to the element frame and to ceilings with their joint, anchor and bearing connections.

39 shows in its left half a fire wall on the left, which closes from the top of the lower ceiling to the underside of the upper ceiling. To install the wall, a steel T-profile is attached to the lower ceiling with a short standing bridge. Joint tapes made of rubber or soft PVC are glued to the right and left of this bridge. To hold the fire wall at the top, a steel T-profile is also fastened to the underside of the upper ceiling, but with a longer standing bridge. The gas concrete fire wall panels shown have a groove at the top and bottom, the upper one being deeper than the lower one. When setting up the wall, the lower bar bearing construction is surrounded with cement or plastic mortar, the wall plate with its upper groove is pushed up to the stop over the upper bar and lowered over the lower bar and bearing profiles. The top groove and joint to the ceiling are closed in pure cement mortar or briefly plastic plastic mortar. The joints that have already been closed in this way to the ceilings above and below are then permanently elastic grouted on both sides. Instead of the mortar joints, cement-asbestos fibers can also be used to close.

Fig. 39 shows in the left half on the right a fire wall with assembly, but conveniently arranged at the top against the end face of the circumferential supporting ring beam. As an alternative or in addition, fastening by means of steel mounting brackets against the underside of the supporting ring beam and to the fire wall surface is possible. This angle and its steel fastening parts are to be covered with a known fire protection material.

On the right-hand side, a fire wall is shown in FIG. 39, which corresponds to the height and arrangement of the shell element frame of an outer wall. This wall can initially be set up using the same means as already described and installed as a fire wall against the front sides of the upper and lower support ring beams and to the cornice beams. However, this wall is held and supported by the three steel mounting brackets. Again, however, including the anchor channels, these must be covered with known fire protection materials.

Drawing sheet 26 shows the formation and assembly of interior partitions of light construction with their joints, anchors and bearings.

Fig. 40 represents in its left half outside the assembly of inner walls - z. B. from massive gas concrete slabs - if these do not close up against a raw component of the elements. These are placed on a joint profile tape (v: 2) high between two continuous steel angle rails on the raw ceiling. These walls are held at the top by means of superimposed U-steel profiles Steel angle plates can be mounted against solid outer wall plates.

In the left half of Fig. 40 on the right a double-shell lightweight partition is shown, which also does not lead to massive parts of the body frame in height and is therefore assembled with all parts as already described.

Fig. 40 shows in its right half inner walls with their mounting parts when these walls connect to raw components (element frames or ceiling panels) at the top. So z. B. a wall of gas concrete slabs, which is flush with an end face of a structural component, held there only with a flat steel strip and mounted on the opposite side a continuous steel bracket. Fig. 40 also shows on the far right assemblies of double-walled lightweight partition walls against a solid ceiling also at the top. It makes sense to mount these walls above and below between steel angles running through on both sides.

Drawing sheet 26 shows in the lower right in Fig. 41 outer and inner walls with their wall connections from element to element across the element joints in a horizontal surface section and at the bottom the position of vertical outer wall joints in accordance with architectural requirements in the facade view.

Fig. 41 shows at the very top the connection of solid gas concrete inner walls with a thickness of 15 cm by means of truncated pyramid wall panels. Below that, Fig. 41 shows the same connection, however, with a gas concrete inner wall only 10 cm thick.

Fig. 41 below shows the wall connection for a 10 cm thick, double-skin lightweight wall by planking on both sides against H-shaped upright profiles. Below this, however, the same wall connection is shown for a light double-skin partition with a thickness of 15 cm.

In the lower half, Fig. 41 shows truncated pyramid-shaped wall panels for closing between elements in the outer facade area and below, how the position of the vertical facade joints can be influenced by the choice of connecting panels of different widths. As already described for the outer walls in FIG. 38, threaded bolts also protrude from the truncated pyramid-shaped outer wall plates. Before assembly, these element connecting plates are provided with thermal insulation strips on their narrow, sloping faces and permanently elastic joints all round in front and behind. For fastening in the outer wall, U-shaped steel brackets made of square tubing with round openings are fastened between two supports from one element to the other in the vertical anchor rails of the supports. The threaded bolts of the truncated pyramid-shaped wall plate are pushed through these openings. By tightening nuts, these wall panels are pressed between the outer wall ends of two elements flush with them on the outside.

Drawing sheet 27 shows in Fig. 42 the possibilities of a column head and column foot formation 'A' on the left half of the sheet and the possibility of a column head and column foot formation 'B' on the right side.

The illustrated column head designs developed according to the invention serve primarily for transport in the vertical of the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) (as shown) and for transporting the elements (1), ( 4), (5), (6), (9) and (10) in a smaller version.

The column foot designs were invented in the size shown, in particular by up to 90% of the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) that were completed in terms of construction, technology and furnishing after vertical movements both during the factory production - In particular, however, to ensure as soft a placement as possible when stacking the basic elements on top of each other on site. In order to avoid hard mounting processes for the basic elements (1), (4), (5), (6), (9) and (10), column base designs according to 'A' or 'B' are also used for these elements ', but are used in smaller and weaker forms.

The column head design 'A' consists of a solid steel plate with the thickness of (v) and a base area that corresponds to the cross section of the respective element columns. The column head plate is pierced in the middle by an upper round opening at a height of (v: 2) and a lower round opening that has a smaller diameter - also in height (v: 2). A steel sleeve with an internal thread is attached under the solid steel plate. This has the same inner diameter as the lower, smaller circular opening in the column head plate and is closed from below by a metal plate. To transport the elements vertically, eyelet screws are inserted into the four threaded sleeves of an element.

The dimensions of the column head designs according to 'A' and 'B' are verified in the course of the structural analysis for the structural element frames including their anchoring. After that, the strengths of the eyelet screws and the diameter of the sleeve tubes will be determined. Immediately after the settling process on site has been completed, the eyebolts are removed and the open threaded sleeves are closed by inserting metal plates.

The four column base designs of the respective elements have the same solid steel plates as base plates with a height of (v) as the column head plates with a central opening in the largest diameter (inside) of the steel tube placed directly on the base plate with an upper lid closure . In accordance with static verification, taking into account the respective degree of expansion of the basic elements, strong springs made of special steel are fastened in the center of the cover of the steel cylinder described above. Among other things, these springs are calculated so that they are in the suspended state of the elements relax only so far that the outer steel sleeve with which they are connected at the lower end is still guided inside the steel jacket surrounding it, the outermost cylinder and the opening in the footplate. The steel spring itself can only move in the innermost steel tube with the smallest diameter, which is attached to the lid of the steel tube with the largest diameter.

Fig. 42 shows the column foot design 'B' at the top right. This consists of a solid steel base plate in the shapes and dimensions already described. However, it has a circular opening with the largest diameter. This is also the inside diameter of the steel cylinder above it, which is connected to the footplate and covered at the top. In the middle of the steel plate, which closes the tube cylinder at the top, a special shock absorber (possibly to be newly developed and built by specialist companies) is attached to the inside of the surrounding steel cylinder by means of two eyelet constructions. For these column base designs 'B', the basic elements underneath must be equipped with the column head designs 'B'. These have clearances in the form of a circular segment in the center of the head plate and the cover plate above the threaded sleeves - the upper diameter is larger than the lower special shock absorber end that snaps into it.

42 also shows connections to the column head and foot plates with one another in the left and in the right half of the sheet. In the middle on the far left, the head and foot plates are welded to one another by means of a flat steel strip which covers the joint of the plates. On the left half of the sheet, in the center right, only a welded connection is shown at the transition from the top to the bottom plate. On the right half of the sheet is a loose connection by means of a square flat steel ring, which surrounds column head and column base plates at a certain distance, so that from the lower to the upper element z. B. in the event of an earthquake, there is some possibility of movement. These flat steel rings are welded together horizontally from element to element using flat steel strips. The connection work described above is carried out within the joints resulting from the stacking of basic elements with a working space of (2 - v) height.

Drawing sheet 28 shows possible anchor connections in the vertical and in the horizontal plane in FIG. 43. Various connections between or within the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) are shown at random. The exact nature of these connections within or between the elements will always be determined on a case-by-case basis by the static analysis. This also applies to the entire dimensioning of all individual parts.

Fig. 43 shows wind anchor connections which are installed diagonally as required between the supporting parts of the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) or in the spaces between elements in the vertical plane will. This can be done in the aforementioned areas within - or between two elements in a crossed form to all four corners.

43 also shows horizontal anchor connections which always connect the column base and head plates of two elements to be assembled next to one another in the area of the element joints. This happens in the area of the horizontal element joints, which result from the stacking of the elements. These horizontal anchors can be used to create element connections with each other to all developed basic elements (1) to (10).

Drawing sheet 29 in Fig. 44 shows wind anchor connections to be used diagonally in the vertical plane and anchor connections in the horizontal plane.

Anchor connections are shown in FIG. 44 both in rigid constructions and in movable constructions by using springs. The latter will be used preferentially when building in earthquake-prone areas.

Fig. 44 shows in vertical sections through supports directly under the support head - or directly above the support foot designs as shown in Fig. 42, that four cross-threaded bushes are embedded in the supports, which connections for all four support sides provide horizontal anchors. For the production of horizontal anchor connections in rigid form, two threaded steel bushes, which protrude in front of the supports, are screwed into two opposing steel threaded bushings. Rod ends on both sides of a steel rod are used to make the connection. This makes it possible to compensate for smaller tolerances that arise when the basic elements are stacked in height. A shorter threaded bushing is pushed over an articulated head, the depth of which corresponds to the thread length by which a steel threaded piece protrudes in front of the support. Above the joint head at the other end of the rod there is a correspondingly longer bushing, which only has a thread in its front half and is dimensioned in length so that it is screwed tightly to the steel threaded piece which projects beyond the other support can. By strictly tightening the longer connection socket, an anchor is created that creates a rigid connection between two elements. In the lower half of the drawing sheet 29, a horizontal anchor connection is shown by means of the same construction parts as described. To create a movable but tensioned connection, only the rigid steel rod is replaced with a strong spring at the ends of which there are also rod ends.

Further horizontal element connections are shown in FIG. 44 at the top and at the bottom, above their top and bottom plates. These are also shown in Fig. 42 and have already been described there. To be completed. that using these element-to-element connections as well of the construction parts shown above can be produced either with rods or springs, depending on requirements.

Drawing sheet 29 shows in the middle the vertical, diagonal, also crosswise possible wind anchor connections. In addition to the representations, these can also be used in mirror image within the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8). In the middle right, the round steel cross is shown in the horizontal section with the possibility to anchor anchors on all four support sides. From the vertical sections it can be seen that these round steel crosses are always directly below the upper cross bushings - or immediately above the lower cross bushings in the supports.

• Über Rundstähle der Rundstahlkreuze werden nach oben oder nach unten gerichtet Stahlhaken gelegt an deren einen Ende sich Gelenkköpfe befinden. Hinter diesen Gelenkköpfen schließen sich Stahl-Gewindebuchsen. Um den Rundstahl des Stahlhakens und über die Buchsen befindet sich eine Blechhaube, die bündig mit der Stützenaußenseite abschließt und in der Stütze einen ovalen Bewegungsraum, wie unten links dargestellt, für die unterschiedlichen diagonalen Verläufe der einzubauenden Windanker bietet. In die, innerhalb der Stützen liegenden Gewindebuchsen werden Stahlstangen eingeschraubt, die an ihrem anderen Ende Gelenkköpfe aufweisen über die wiederum beweglich entsprechend lange Gewindebuchsen gelegt sind. Diese Konstruktionsmerkmale weisen auch die jeweils oben oder unten liegenden Anker-Vorrichtungen der gegenüberliegenden Stützen auf. Sie unterscheiden sich nur dadurch, daß sich über ihren Gelenkköpfen kürzere Gewindebuchsen befinden. Zwischen diesen sich oben und unten gegenüber befindlichen Vorrichtungen werden schließlich starre diagonale Windanker-Verbindungen hergestellt, indem eine Rundstahlstange mit gegenläufigen Gewinden an ihren Enden in die kürzere Buchse voll eingeschraubt wird, sie aber gerade noch auch in die längere Buchse geschraubt werden und über diese straff angezogen werden kann.

Devices for diagonal wind anchor connections within the supports - whether for elements (2), (3), (7) or (8) - should always be of the same type within the supports at the top and bottom. The devices are therefore designed as follows:

• Steel hooks are placed upwards or downwards over round steels of the round steel crosses. At one end there are rod ends. Steel threaded bushings close behind these rod ends. There is a sheet metal hood around the round steel of the steel hook and over the bushings, which is flush with the outside of the support and offers an oval movement space in the support, as shown below left, for the different diagonal profiles of the wind anchors to be installed. Steel rods are screwed into the threaded bushings lying within the supports, which have rod ends at their other end, over which in turn correspondingly long threaded bushings are placed. These design features also have the anchor devices of the opposite supports, which are located above or below. They differ only in that there are shorter threaded bushings above their rod ends. Rigid diagonal wind anchor connections are finally made between these devices, which are located opposite one another at the top and bottom, by fully screwing a round steel rod with opposite threads at its ends into the shorter socket, but also just screwing it into the longer socket and tightening it can be tightened.

A flexible but still exciting diagonal wind anchor connection is achieved by taking a piece out of the round steel rod described above and placing a special steel spring in this gap.

Depending on the arrangement or position of the diagonal anchor connections from element to element, within the longitudinal direction of the elements (2) and (3) or within the elements (7) and (8), there are different lengths in the diagonals. These dimensional differences are always only bridged by the use of shorter or longer round steel rods with opposing threads or, at this point, shorter or longer spring-rod constructions also with opposing threads at the rod ends.

All individual steel parts of the above-described constructions must be made of rustproof materials as far as they are visible or exposed, or they must be protected against rust by appropriate coatings.

Drawing sheet 30 shows in Fig. 45 ceiling constructions (suspended) with the ceiling suspension constructions developed for building with basic elements in vertical section.

It is shown from top to bottom that, in accordance with the most varied positions of solid ceilings, height compensation is achieved by using appropriately long suspension rods. In the case of very heavy suspended ceilings and solid ceilings made of gas concrete, it is possible to penetrate them with the suspension bars and create cross anchors at the top. Suspended ceilings are also suspended by the elastic support joints of the solid ceilings, but in addition the suspension rods are attached at their upper ends by springs, which can contribute to a soft ceiling suspension. Basically, suspended ceilings can also be formed in a graduated form.

The installation of all known mounting ceiling systems (from case to case without any change) is guaranteed.

In order to be able to complete up to 90% of the structural suspended ceilings for transport, even if the ceilings do not have their own solid ceilings, steel is used in the width direction of the elements at a distance from the suspended constructions from ceiling-roof support beams to ceiling-roof support beams -T rails mounted and attached to the suspension structures described.

The suspension constructions for suspended ceilings developed for building with elements are characterized by the fact that for the first time suspended ceilings up to 90% are prefabricated in the factory and after the on-site installation of the elements a compensation of low height tolerances from element to element by area-wise lifting or Lowering can be done without dismantling the ceiling.

On drawing sheet 30 in FIG. 46, the floor constructions (stilted) specially developed for this purpose are also shown in vertical section for building with basic elements (but only for elements (2) and (7)).

Due to their design, these also enable the subsequent compensation of low height tolerances from element to element, thereby opening up just like the suspended ones Ceilings, first the possibility to complete full floors in a building under construction up to 90%.

By using stilts of different heights, it is possible, as far as this is permissible within the clear room heights to be maintained, to create gradations within the floor areas. Especially when used as installation floors, additional space is gained for the technical expansion, which can also be completed in the factory by building elements with up to 90%.

Known floor construction types can only be used for very heavily used top coverings (e.g. in industry) and for floors in wet rooms.

Drawing sheet 31 shows in horizontal sections the ceiling hanger arrangements in Fig. 47 and the stilts arrangements in Fig. 48.

It is of particular importance, as shown in the upper half of the sheet, when building with elements (2) and (7) that, compared to the known suspended ceiling and installation floor systems, even larger-sized ceiling and floor panels up to 1.00 / 1, 00 m and larger.

When arranging ceiling hangers and stilts, care must be taken to ensure that they close to the outside with all-round unfinished components of the elements, in order to ensure that finished ceiling and floor surfaces are blocked off element by element for transport.

As further shown in FIGS. 47 and 48, connections between ceiling hangers with one another and connections between stilts with one another can be connected to one another square over all four corners but also in strips in both directions with only individual stiffeners in the opposite directions.

Even erected floor constructions are elastic just by storing the raw ceilings on rubber or soft PVC tapes. The elasticity when walking on these stilted floors can be increased by placing soft PVC under the footplates of the stilts.

• Mittels zwei Gasbeton-Dübeln und Spezial-Schrauben ist eine Kopfplatte mit einer Rohdecke aus Leichtbaustoff verbunden. Mittig der Kopfplatte ist ein Rundstahlstab befestigt. Die Länge dieses Stabes richtet sich nach der Höhe der abzuhängenden Decke. Mit ihrem oberen Deckelabschluß ist mittig mit dem Stahlstab eine Gewindebuchse angebracht. Durch Befestigung von L-förmigen Stahlblechwinkeln kreuzweise gegen den Außenmantel eines Stahlrohres werden vier U-förmige Haken für die anzuhängende Decke gebildet. Das Stahlrohrstück wird mit einem oberen Stahldeckel, der eine entsprechend große runde mittige Öffnung hat, oben geschlossen. Ein Massiv-Stahlzylinder erhält nach unten einen großen tiefen Kerbeneinschnitt und nach oben eine runde Kopfplatte, deren Durchmesser etwas kleiner ist als der Innendurchmesser des Stahlrohres. Auf der Oberseite dieser Kopfplatte sind kleine Kugellager eingelassen und mittig ein Stahl-Gewindebolzen angebracht. Dieser Bolzen wird durch die Öffnung des Stahlrohrdeckels mit der Gewindebuchse soweit verschraubt, daß ein Drittel der Gewindehöhe noch freibleibt. Somit ist über eine kleine quadratische oder runde Öffnung innerhalb der abgehängten Decke über die Kerbe des Stahlzylinders ein jederzeitiges Nachjustieren möglich.

The upper half of drawing sheet 32 in Fig. 49 shows detailed sections through the ceiling-suspension constructions specially developed for building with elements - from right to left - including the anchorages:

• A head plate is connected to a raw ceiling made of lightweight material using two gas concrete dowels and special screws. A round steel rod is attached in the middle of the head plate. The length of this bar depends on the height of the ceiling to be suspended. A threaded bushing is attached centrally to the steel rod with its upper cover. Four U-shaped hooks are formed for the ceiling to be attached by fastening L-shaped steel sheet angles crosswise against the outer jacket of a steel tube. The steel tube piece is closed at the top with an upper steel lid, which has a correspondingly large round central opening. A solid steel cylinder has a large deep notch at the bottom and a round top plate at the top, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the steel tube. Small ball bearings are embedded on the top of this head plate and a steel threaded bolt is attached in the center. This bolt is screwed through the opening of the steel tube cover to the threaded bushing so that a third of the thread height still remains free. A small square or round opening inside the suspended ceiling above the notch of the steel cylinder enables readjustment at any time.

49 shows a ceiling hanger construction, the round steel hanger of which is held by a loop in the surface of a lightweight concrete ceiling via a cross bar and has a threaded piece with a small footplate at its lower end. A longer piece of steel pipe has a threaded insert in its upper third. This is used to screw the steel pipe to the threaded part of the round steel hanger up to the upper end. The possibility of hanging the ceiling is the same as for the ceiling hanger shown on the right. For readjustment, however, the ceiling must be loosened here in order to be able to turn the entire steel tube with the four hooks in total.

Fig. 49 shows a ceiling-suspended construction in the center left, which is connected to it in a heavy concrete component via an anchor rail. The round steel hanger is anchored in it. A threaded tube is inserted into a steel pipe section that is open on both sides up to a lower third of the height. A threaded bolt, which is attached to a notch at the bottom and receives a circumferential bearing edge, is fully screwed into the tubular steel piece and is given a small head plate that prevents the threaded bolt from rotating downwards. Before that, a steel ring in the shape of an upside down L's with the attached hooks for the ceiling suspension was pushed over. With this ceiling hanger construction, it is also possible to readjust it through small round or square openings in the finished ceiling.

On the far left, Fig. 49 shows the ceiling hanger construction shown on the far right in the view, but with an anchoring in a heavy concrete component by means of a circular segment shell with a crossbar open at the bottom. The round steel hanger is bent over and secured against opening below the shell to form the round steel. Furthermore, it is shown in section that two small flat steel plates can be fixed at a distance against the steel tube. These then serve as supports for T-steel rails (similar to Fig. 50, top right) when cross beams, for example across wide ventilation ducts, are required within suspended ceilings.

Drawing sheet 32 shows in the lower half in Fig. 50 the element-specifically developed Stilts construction in vertical sections and a partial view.

It is shown on the left that the stilts are composed of the individual components described below according to their functions: a square steel base plate with screw openings in two diagonally opposite corners or in all four corners for fastening to the bare ceiling by means of screws (with dowels) or stone anchors. If necessary, a soft PVC plate can also be inserted between the leveled raw ceiling and the base plate. A pipe section made of steel with an internal thread is placed on the steel base plate up to the height of two thirds of the pipe section. From above, a long round steel bolt with a lower thread is screwed in length like the internal thread in the pipe section with a smooth upper part with a final deep notch. Then the steel tube section is closed at the top around the bolt by a steel ring cover and a steel plate ring is attached to the smooth bolt part. In this steel ring there are ball bearings for very heavily loaded top floors to make it easier to turn the upper part - otherwise the steel ring surfaces are only smoothly treated. Another steel plate ring of the same diameter with the same cavities for the ball bearings (or only ground smooth on the underside) is placed loosely from above. Another piece of steel pipe, which remains open at the top, is attached to it.

Fig. 50 shows in a section on the right side directly in front of the ring plates that between the latter, the aforementioned ring plate and the steel tube outer jacket, two steel eye-bearing plates that widen conically upwards are always inserted at the same distance from one another.

T-steel rails are placed between and on these support plates to form the base plate layer grid. The support plates are set lower by the material thickness of the T-steel rails on the upper pipe section. To avoid impact sound, the T-steel rails do not quite reach the outer casing of the upper pipe section and the tops of the support plates and T-rails as well as the pipe section are covered with a hood made of rubber or soft PVC from above. The rubber or soft PVC tapes on the tops of support plates and T-rails have a strip shape.

The height of the stilts constructions depends on the distance of the top floors above the bare ceilings. The lower pipe section and the total bolt must be extended or shortened accordingly. The smallest round or square notches in the joint of the corners of four base plates enable the floor notches to be readjusted at the factory to adjust the height from element to element quickly and easily on site via the notch of the bolt.

All parts of the ceiling suspension and floor support structures are statically verified in all their parts from case to case. The entire steel components are made of stainless steel or coated permanently against rust.

Special elements

To achieve an even more relaxed architecture, but also to be able to meet purely visual requirements inside the building, special elements to the basic elements (1) to (10) described are possible with only minor modifications.

• Das Sonder-Element (1") als Balkon-Element. Dabei ist eine auskragende Betonplatte mit dem in Längsrichtung des Elementes (2) liegenden unteren Tragbalken auf volle Länge verbunden. Die Balkonplatte hat eine Breite von ((a : 2-v) : 2).
• Das Sonder-Element (2") hat an einer Längsseite eine ebenfalls mit dem unteren Tragbalken verbundene Balkonplatte, jedoch von kreissegmentförmiger Grundfläche mit einem Stichmaß von ((a : 2-v) : 2).
• Das Sonder-Element (3") ist ausgebildet wie das Grund-Element (7) jedoch mit einer zusätzlich an die unteren Tragbalken in Längs- oder Breitenrichtung angearbeiteten rechteckigen Balkonplatte gleicher Tiefe wie bei Element (1") beschrieben.
• Das Sonder-Element (4") unterscheidet sich vom Sonder-Element (3") dadurch, daß die angebaute Balkonplatte nicht rechteckig sondern halbkreisförmig ausgebildet ist.
• Das Sonder-Element (5") ist ausgebildet wie das Sonder-Element (1") jedoch ergänzt durch eine zusätzliche Balkonplatte, wie vor beschrieben, an der Breitenseite.
• Das Sonder-Element (6") besteht aus dem Sonder-Element (2") jedoch ebenfalls ergänzt durch eine zusätzliche Balkonplatte an der Breitenseite.
• Das Sonder-Element (7") ist wie das Element (3") ausgebildet hat jedoch eine zusätzliche übereck angearbeitete weitere Balkonplatte.
• Das Sonder-Element (8") besteht aus dem Sonder-Element (4") und hat eine übereck angeordnete zusätzliche Balkonplatte.

The following special elements are mentioned here:

• The special element (1 ") as a balcony element. A cantilevered concrete slab is connected to the full length of the lower supporting beam in the longitudinal direction of the element (2). The balcony slab has a width of ((a: 2-v): 2).
• The special element (2 ") has on one long side a balcony slab that is also connected to the lower supporting beam, but has a base in the shape of a segment of a circle with a pitch of ((a: 2-v): 2).
• The special element (3 ") is designed like the basic element (7), but with a rectangular balcony plate of the same depth as in element (1"), which is additionally worked onto the lower supporting beams in the longitudinal or width direction.
• The special element (4 ") differs from the special element (3") in that the attached balcony slab is not rectangular but semicircular.
• The special element (5 ") is designed like the special element (1") but supplemented by an additional balcony plate, as described above, on the wide side.
• The special element (6 ") consists of the special element (2") but is also supplemented by an additional balcony plate on the width side.
• The special element (7 ") is designed like the element (3") but has an additional balcony plate worked on in a corner.
• The special element (8 ") consists of the special element (4") and has an additional balcony plate arranged in a corner.

In the case of the special elements shown, it is also possible to place element-high outer walls instead of the balcony parapets or railings and to slam the space gained into the rooms behind.

In all cases of architecture, which includes load-bearing parts of the shell construction in the overall design of a building, the basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) in abge converted form can also be built with round supports and rounded upper support beam rings as special elements (9 "), (10"), (11 ") and (12").

This is only a small excerpt from the almost inexhaustible options for modifying the basic elements (1) to (10) - whereby the most important design features of the basic elements are always retained.

Dimensions

Dimensions are entered in the drawing sheets 1 to 32 using code letters. The code letters from (A) to (C) and (a) to (z) are each provided in a directory with precise information in the metric system.

Since the change of only one of these dimensions is equivalent to the loss of one of the advantages of the developed building system and the departure of several dimensions, the functionality of the developed prefabricated building system as a whole is questioned, all dimensions given are essential for the overall invention.

Sequence of element production at the factory and assembly of buildings on the property side

After architectural planning of the building shell and expansion and project planning of the technical expansion, coordinated with the length, width and height grid of the basic elements and their structural parts according to building-related structural verification, it can be assumed that every steel or concrete plant with the facilities for large-volume prefabricated structures for the production of the basic elements (1) to (10) is able.

• Ein etwa 100,00 m langer und 60,00 m breiter Industriebaukörper mit Satteldach in Längsrichtung und an beiden Traufen ca. 10,00 m hoch über Gelände hat mittig in Längsrichtung ein Hallenlager in dem die Bewehrungs-Konstruktionen vorbereitet werden. Dort kann auch eine zentrale Betonmischanlage mit Silos oder Boxen für Zuschlagstoffe untergebracht sein. Der erforderliche Beton kann auch als Fertigbeton in das Werk geliefert werden.

Ideal prerequisites for the construction of the shell-frame constructions made of concrete and for the further structural and technical expansion up to a production level of 90% would be z. B. Bring a precast concrete plant as described below:

• An approximately 100.00 m long and 60.00 m wide industrial building with a pitched roof in the longitudinal direction and on both eaves approx.10.00 m high above the ground has a hall warehouse in the center in the longitudinal direction in which the reinforcement structures are prepared. There can also be a central concrete mixing plant with silos or boxes for aggregates. The required concrete can also be delivered to the factory as ready-mixed concrete.

Two oval production lines run around the warehouse. The long straight lines of these production lines lead via four gates in the narrow sides of the hall to about 100 m into the storage spaces in front of and behind the industrial site. Over the two oval production lines in the hall and their straight extensions into the terrain, there are trolley constructions at approx. 10.00 m height with square special traverses underneath, which are able to withstand up to 20 tons, 90% of the ground - Easily lift elements and transport them horizontally. The two production lines to the right of the warehouse are used to manufacture the structural elements. The import of steel formwork, the other steel construction parts, aggregates for the concrete production as well as all element-related wall and ceiling panels takes place via the two front gates of the hall. To the right of these bodyshell production lines on the ground floor and on the first floor at the very front are the administrative rooms and then from front to back are the storage and work rooms of all companies in their trade-related order according to the bodyshell production process. Completed structural elements can then immediately be moved to the left production lines for further expansion, or brought over the two rear doors on the right of the hall and temporarily stored outdoors. The body-in-white elements are protected in the field by covers made of transparent films.

As a further addition, the elements are brought to the two production lines for expansion via the rear left gates. To the left of the expansion production lines, in the longitudinal direction of the industrial building on the ground floor and first floor, are storage and work rooms of all the necessary companies of the structural and technical expansion in the order of their trade-specific use.

The construction elements, which are up to 90% completed, are transported via the straight extensions of the finishing production lines through the two front gates and temporarily stored on site. Unless they have four outer walls and a finished flat roof construction, they are again protected against weather influences by a cover made of transparent film.

When installing the steel formwork on the vibrating plates in the manufacturing plant, with all intermediate storage and when transporting them on heavy-duty truck trailers, make sure that when installing column feet in basic elements in the training according to 'A' or 'B' there is always a free space between There is a lower edge of the lower support ring beam to the support surface of about 0.30 m distance, so that the damper constructions are not stressed even before the elements are put in place.

The description of some application examples already referred to the structural preparatory work required on the property and the sequence of the structural assembly of basic elements pointed out and will be discussed in detail in the following section when describing the advantages of building with basic elements.

At this point, it is pointed out that all of the basic elements contain the components required for on-site construction, structural and technical expansion, which are required for connections and closings from one element to the other. It is e.g. B. truncated pyramid-shaped outer and inner wall panels, ceiling panels, anchor connections, remaining hangers and stilts with ceiling and floor panels, prepared wooden cladding for supports, slide pipes and all other technical components for the production of flexible element connections. In accordance with their identification according to their location within the floor plans, the prefabricated solid construction cells arrive on the building site in the planned assembly cycle. The heavy crane systems and assembly columns required for assembly are ready. For the transport of the basic elements in suspension on the crane, strong eyelets are screwed into the four support heads at the same depth. A steel cable is attached to each eyelet. The four steel cables are guided vertically over special steel crossbeams - corner distances corresponding to the rectangular bases of the elements (1) to (5) and the square bases of the elements (6) to (10). In order to achieve the softest possible lifting of all basic elements, a spring structure can be installed in front of the crane rope hook where the four steel cables meet at the intersection of the diagonals above the basic surfaces of the elements.

To attach the basic elements to each other, it is advisable to build a jig that consists of five square steel tubes with the same cross sections of 9/9 cm, which are welded together so that they form a cross. The four outer tubes have the same height of (b) a full-floor element. The central core steel tube still protrudes the other four tubes by approx. 1.00 m. In the four inner corners are extended up to the top edge of the core tube by welding eight right-angled sheet steel triangles with a height of 1.00 m. The floating elements are placed in these extended inner angles and guided when lowering.

In the construction method according to the invention, with timely provision of the basic elements and correspondingly taut organization on the property, construction time sequences result which are generally considered impossible. It is conceivable to build a star-shaped high-rise building over fourteen full floors, turnkey and reliable with all connections, regardless of the seasons, in about twelve months.

• 1) Erfindungsgemäßer Fertigbau bedeutet vollen Entfall von saisonalen Beschäftigungsproblemen im gesamten Hochbaugewerbe - erreicht durch : Erstellung von Rohbau, baulichen Ausbau, technischen Ausbau, baulichen Einrichtungen und Möblierungen bis zu 90% in vorhandenen Großfertigteil-Werksanlagen des Beton- oder Stahlbaues und Errichtung der Gebäude in absoluter Trockenmontage bauseits zu jeder Jahreszeit.
• 2) Begrenzung von herkömmlichen Ortbeton- und Naßarbeiten auf das absolute Minimum und somit Trockenbauweise sowohl bei der Herstellung im Werk - wie auch bei Aufbau auf dem Baugelände - dadurch gegeben : Indem werksseitig zum Beispiel frisch betonierte Rohbaurahmen-Elemente sofort nach dem Abbinden und Ausschalen mit einer starken Klarsicht-Gitterfolie eingehüllt werden, der volle weitere Ausbau im Werksgebäude oder im Freien unter dem Folienschutz erfolgt, die Folie erst nach dem Transport und der Versetzung des Raum-Elementes auf der Baustelle entfernt wird. Nach Austrocknung des Betons (bis auf Restfeuchten) und ebenso von teilweisen Mörtelfugen erfolgt der gesamte Ausbau in Trockenbauteilen. Baustellenseitig sind bei entsprechend offener Witterung nur die Erdarbeiten und minimalste Ortbetonarbeiten für die Elementmontagen erforderlich wie Sauberkeitsschichten für das Versetzen von Punktfundamenten oder KUBUS-Fundamentelementen (1) und (6), Ortbetonstreifenfundamente oder -Platten bzw. Ortbeton-Dichtungswannenkonstruktionen beim Bauen im Grundwasserbereich. Nach Schaffung dieser bauseitigen Voraussetzungen erfolgt die Errichtung aller Gebäude erfindungsgemäß im Trockensystem.
• 3) Entfall bisher üblicherweise erforderlicher Aufwendungen für Baustelleneinrichtung (ausgenommen Baustraßen und Einfriedungen) am Ort der Gebäudeerrichtung - auch der Anlagen für Energie - dadurch erzielbar : Indem nach Erfüllung vorgenannter Voraussetzungen die gesamte Gebäudeerstellung ohne Baustrom- und Bauwassereinrichtungen im bisherigen Umfang möglich ist. Baustrom auch für Schweißarbeiten aller Art wird über bewegliche Dieselaggregate erzeugt. Bauwasser wird grundsätzlich nicht benötigt. Es genügt die Aufstellung von Bautoiletten- und Waschwagen mit Wassertanks.
• 4) Die vorzeitige Bebauung eines Grundstücks bereits vor oder im Laufe der Erschließung durch Versorgungsunternehmen ist durch die unter den Punkten 1 bis 3 genannten Vorzügen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung erstmals gegeben.
• 5) Fertigbau und seine Montage heißt hier erfindungsgemäß auch Umkehrung der Gebäudeerstellung - also Demontage unter einfachsten und kostengünstigsten Bedingungen. Hier sind zu nennen : Die erfindungsgemäßen baulichen Elementverbindungen und die Tatsache, daß alle Heizungs-, Wasser-, Abwasser-, Gas-, Stark- und Schwachstromleitungen und so weiter von Element zu Element im Bereich von Stützenaußenseite zu Stützenaußenseite und Fugen horizontal und vertikal flexibel gekoppelt werden. Dies bedeutet, daß selbst städtebauliche Korrekturen großen Umfangs, Verlegung bebauter Gebiete für die Anlegung von Flugplätzen oder Stauseen, Abtrag von Gebäuden nach Falscheinschätzung geologischer Gegebenheiten und so weiter ermöglicht sind - sofern diese Bebauungen nach dem hier erfundenen System erfolgten. Das Wort « Abbruch im Bauwesen wird durch die Erfindung gegenstands- und bedeutungslos.
• 6) Bauen in erdbebengefährdeten Gebieten der Erde und in denen die erforderlichen Grundstoffe für Beton nicht vorhanden sind - ist erreicht, da die erfindungsgemäßen Fertigbau-Raumzellen als Rohbauteile oder « fast schlüsselfertig wie im Transportwesen bereits praktiziert als « Container » auf dem Land- und Seeweg verschickt werden können.

Purpose and object of the invention - the development of a real prefabricated system in solid construction for all construction projects is fulfilled by the given properties, summarized below:

• 1) Prefabricated construction according to the invention means that seasonal employment problems in the entire building construction industry are completely eliminated - achieved by: construction of the shell, structural expansion, technical expansion, structural facilities and furniture up to 90% in existing large-scale precast plants of concrete or steel construction and construction of the building in Absolute dry installation on site in every season.
• 2) Limitation of conventional in-situ concrete and wet work to the absolute minimum and thus dry construction both in the production in the factory - as well as in the construction on the building site - given by: In the factory, for example, freshly concreted structural shell elements immediately after setting and stripping be wrapped in a strong transparent grid film, the full further expansion takes place in the factory building or outdoors under the film protection, the film is only removed after the transport and relocation of the room element on the construction site. After the concrete has dried out (except for residual moisture) and also some mortar joints, the entire expansion is carried out in drywall components. On the construction site, if the weather is appropriately open, only the earthworks and minimal in-situ concrete work for the element assemblies are required, such as layers of cleanliness for moving point foundations or KUBUS foundation elements (1) and (6), in-situ concrete strip foundations or slabs or in-situ concrete sealing tub constructions when building in the groundwater area. After creating these on-site requirements, all buildings are erected according to the invention in a dry system.
• 3) Eliminates the expenses previously required for construction site equipment (except construction roads and fencing) at the site of the building erection - including the energy systems - as a result: After the above requirements have been met, the entire building construction can be carried out to the previous extent without building electricity and construction water facilities. Construction power for welding work of all kinds is generated via movable diesel units. Construction water is generally not required. It is sufficient to set up building toilets and washing cars with water tanks.
• 4) The premature development of a plot of land before or in the course of the development by utility companies is given for the first time by the advantages mentioned under points 1 to 3 according to the present invention.
• 5) According to the invention, prefabricated construction and its assembly also mean reversing the building construction - that is, disassembly under the simplest and most cost-effective conditions. These include: The structural element connections according to the invention and the fact that all heating, water, sewage, gas, high and low voltage lines and so on are flexible horizontally and vertically from element to element in the area of the column outside and column outside and joints be coupled. This means that even large-scale urban planning corrections, relocation of built-up areas for the creation of airfields or reservoirs, demolition of buildings based on incorrect estimates of geological conditions and so on are possible - provided that these developments were carried out according to the system invented here. The word «demolition in the building industry becomes meaningless and meaningless through the invention.
• 6) Building in earthquake-prone areas of the world and in which the necessary raw materials for concrete are not available - is achieved because the prefabricated building cells according to the invention are already in use as shell components or «almost turnkey as in transportation as« containers »by land and sea can be sent.

• 7) Erfindungsgemäßer Fertigbau heißt hier : Werksseitige Ausrüstung der Teilraum-Elemente einschränkungslos sogar mit Pendelleuchten, Vorhängen und hochempfindlichen elektrischen oder elektronischen Geräten und selbst mit losem Mobiliar, Verglasungen und Außenendanstrichen, - da Außentransportschutz vorgesehen ist und erfindungsgemäß Stützenfuß-Ausbildungen vorhanden sind, die weichestes Aufsetzen der fertigen Raumelemente bei Transporten und Montagen gewährleisten.
• 8) Die im Anwendungsgebiet genannten Gebäude und darüber hinaus - also die uneingeschränkte Palette - über alle Bauvorhaben einschließlich Hochhäuser ist nur über das hier nachgewiesene Fertigbausystem zu erfassen.
• 9) Kosteneinsparungen in bisher nicht erreichbarer Höhe sind erzielbar, da die Elemente (1) bis (10) - insbesondere die Elemente für Vollgeschosse (2) und (7) in großen Stückzahlen vorgefertigt und gelagert werden können. Zeiteinsparungen auf dem Baugrundstück gegenüber herkömmlichen Bauweisen durch denkbar kürzeste Bauzeiten. So kann das auf Zeichnungsblatt 13 in Fig. 25 dargestellte Erdgeschoß einer großzügigen Dreizimmerwohnung einschließlich der Vollunterkellerung die im Zeichnungsblatt 14 unter Fig. 26 dargestellt ist, mit nur insgesamt sechs Grund-Elementen (2) für Vollgeschosse und ebenfalls nur sechs Element-Montagen an einem einzigen Tag aufgestellt und montiert werden. Die Verbindungen von Element zu Element im Rohbau-, baulichen- und technischen Ausbau, Verbindung des Schornsteines horizontal sowie Anschlüsse des Hauses für die Wasser- und Energieversorgung sind in nur vier Tagen hergestellt. Das heißt, daß dieses Dreizimmer-Einfamilienheim nach insgesamt nur fünf Arbeitstagen voll funktions- und schlüsselfertig bewohnt werden kann. Außerdem entfallen Kosten für Gerüste völlig.
• 10) Fertigbau unter Verwendung der Bau-Elemente ermöglicht auch nachträglich immer volle Bebauungsmöglichkeiten von Grundstücken bei weitestgehender Ausnutzung der jeweils zugelassenen Bauvolumen. Sind z. B. auf einem Grundstück zum Zeitpunkt der Bebauung nur fünf Vollgeschosse über Gelände zulässig - andererseits ist aber aufgrund einer bestimmten Entwicklung des Baugebietes eine spätere zulässige Bebauung durch Hochhäuser zu erwarten -, so kann dem durch geringste zusätzliche Maßnahmen bei der Errichtung der unteren Geschosse Rechnung getragen werden. Nach Zuerwerb eines Nachbargrundstückes kann wiederum bei Verwendung von Bau-Elementen ohne große Umstellungen sich das ursprüngliche fünfgeschossige Gebäude zu einer weitläufigen Hochhausanlage entwickeln. Wie im Großen so auch im Kleinen kann im privaten Wohnungsbau unter der Voraussetzung, daß die Planung darauf abgestimmt wurde, zunächst nur ein Küchenelement (2) und ein Wohn-Schlafraumelement (2) mittig im Grundstück plaziert werden und sich im Laufe von Jahren (auch in Abständen von zehn und mehr Jahren) zu einem großen z. B. Zwölfzimmer-Haus mit Einliegerwohnung und Büroräumen entwickeln. Sollte sich in diesem Prozeß eine Planungsänderung ergeben, so ist es ohne weiteres möglich, auch z. B. mittig aus dem Grundriß ein Raum-Element herauszunehmen und an anderer Stelle einzusetzen und es steht nach geringen Umbaumaßnahmen dem neuen Nutzungszweck zur Verfügung.
• 11) Architektur - Spielraum für alle denkbaren Gebäude in allen Bereichen nach innen und außen ohne die geringsten Einschränkungen mit allen Möglichkeiten, die alles bisher in Fertigbau-Bauweise oder unter Verwendung von Fertigbauteilen Hervorgebrachte in den Schatten zu stellen vermag.
• 12) Beste Wärmedämmung und somit energiesparendste Bauweise bei Verwendung der Grund- Elemente (1) bis (10) ist gegeben, wenn für Dach- und Deckenkonstruktionen 20 cm dicke Gasbetonplatten verlegt und für Wände aller Art im Mittel 20cm dicke Gasbetonplatten gestellt werden. Kältebrücken von außen sind ausgeschlossen, da Stützen und tragende Balken oben und unten sowie große Teile der Gesimsbalken durch die Montage der Außenwände überdeckt werden. Mangelhafte Isolierungen in der horizontalen Ebene können nicht auftreten, da bereits werksseitig untere Elemente umlaufend vor den Stützenköpfen auf den Gesimsbalken Dämmstreifen aufweisen, die höher sind als (v). Darauf aufzusetzende Elemente weisen jeweils außerhalb der Stützenfüße an den Gesimsbalken unten umlaufende Dämmstreifen in einer Dicke von größer (v) auf. Bei sämtlichen Elementfugen in der vertikalen Richtung sind die genannten Dämmstreifen ebenfalls in Dicken größer (v) um die Stirnseiten der Gesimsbalken herumgeführt, so daß beim Auf- und Aneinandersetzen der Grund-Elemente (1) bis (10) ohne weitere Arbeitsgänge sämtliche Elementfugen in der horizontalen und vertikalen Richtung zwangsläufig dicht geschlossen und gedämmt werden. Schalldämmungen in jedem geforderten Wert sind erzielbar, da es bei dem hier erfundenen Fertigbau-System von Element zu Element keinerlei massive Verbindungen gibt, die Schall von einem Element zum anderen übertragen könnten. Auch durch die speziell entwickelten aufgestelzten Bodenkonstruktionen ist beste Trittschalldämmung erreichbar. Selbst innerhalb eines Elementes und von Element zu Element sind hervorragende Schalldämmwerte gegeben, da grundsätzlich alle Wandbauteile auf plastischen oder elastischen Fugen zu den Rohbauteilen der Grund-Elemente gelagert sind. Auch die Herstellung von Bauteilen mit besonders hohen Anforderungen an die Schalldämmung unter Verwendung von Grund-Elementen ist möglich, da in diesen Fällen dann alle Roh- und Ausbauteile in Schwerbaustoff-Ausführung eingebaut werden können.
• 13) Beim Bauen mit den zehn entwickelten Grund-Elementen können bei voller Ausschöpfung der aufgezeigten Möglichkeiten der Vorfertigung nur die erfindungsgemäß ausgewiesenen Systeme für abgehängte Decken und aufgestelzte Böden zum Einbau kommen, da nur sie erstmals die Möglichkeit geben bis auf umlaufende Randstreifen werksseitig geschlossene Decken und Böden auf der Baustelle ohne Demontage zum Ausgleich geringer Höhenunterschiede bei Montage der Elemente untereinander durch Nachjustieren anzugleichen. Insbesondere die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäß aufgezeigten Systems für aufgestelzte Fußboden-Konstruktionen bietet äußerst reizvolle aber auch kostensparende Möglichkeiten für Installation, technischem Ausbau und dem Einsatz von Materialien zu Fußboden-Oberbelagsplatten die bisher wenig oder gar nicht hierfür Anwendung fanden. So sind innerhalb der Elemente erstmals volle freie Installationsmöglichkeiten ohne jegliche Stemm- und Fräsarbeiten möglich. Unterflur-Heizungen auf der Basis aller bekannten Heizungssysteme in Abwandlung auf freie Verlegung sind denkbar. Mit Ausnahme von Naßzellen und Naßräumen können die gesamten elektrischen Leitungen in Lehrrohren auf den Rohdecken oder in aufgestelzten Kabelkanälen verlegt werden. Elektro-Installations-Systeme die selbst Schalter und alle sonstigen Bedienungselemente und Stromentnahmestellen innerhalb der Fußböden vorsehen können voll zum Einsatz kommen und bieten die Möglichkeit, daß es zum Kinderspiel wird eine Steckdose oder einen Schalter nachträglich auf die Möblierung bezogen an eine andere Stelle zu verlegen.

Earthquake security is provided by the construction of the individual basic elements themselves, which, among other things, prevent collapse and penetration of ceilings and by the anchor connections of the elements developed with one another according to the invention in the horizontal and vertical planes.

• 7) Prefabricated construction according to the invention means here: Factory equipment of the sub-room elements without restriction, even with pendant lights, curtains and highly sensitive electrical or electronic devices and even with loose furniture, glazing and exterior finishes, - since exterior transport protection is provided and according to the invention prop foot designs are available, the softest Ensure that the finished room elements are in place during transport and assembly.
• 8) The buildings mentioned in the area of application and beyond - i.e. the unrestricted range - of all construction projects including high-rise buildings can only be recorded using the prefabricated construction system shown here.
• 9) Cost savings in a previously unachievable amount can be achieved since the elements (1) to (10) - in particular the elements for full storeys (2) and (7) can be prefabricated and stored in large quantities. Time savings on the building plot compared to conventional construction methods due to the shortest possible construction times. 25, the ground floor of a spacious three-room apartment including the full basement, which is shown in drawing sheet 14 under FIG. 26, with only a total of six basic elements (2) for full storeys and also only six element assemblies on one be set up and assembled in one day. The connections from element to element in the building shell, structural and technical expansion, connection of the chimney horizontally and connections of the house for the water and energy supply are made in just four days. This means that this three-room single-family home can be fully occupied and ready for use after only five working days. In addition, costs for scaffolding are completely eliminated.
• 10) Prefabricated construction using the construction elements also always enables full development options for plots of land with the greatest possible utilization of the respectively approved construction volumes. Are z. B. on a plot of land at the time of development only five full storeys permitted over the site - on the other hand, due to a certain development of the construction area, later permissible development by high-rise buildings is to be expected - this can be taken into account by the slightest additional measures in the construction of the lower floors will. After acquiring a neighboring plot of land, the original five-story building can in turn develop into a spacious high-rise complex if building elements are used without major changes. As in the large as well as in the small, only one kitchen element (2) and one living room / bedroom element (2) can be placed in the middle of the property, provided that the planning has been coordinated with it, and over the years (also at intervals of ten or more years) to a large z. B. Develop twelve-room house with separate apartment and office space. Should there be a change in planning in this process, it is possible without further ado. B. in the middle of the floor plan to take out a room element and use it elsewhere and after minor renovation measures it is available for the new purpose.
• 11) Architecture - scope for all conceivable buildings in all areas internally and externally without the slightest restrictions and with all the possibilities that everything in the prefabricated construction method or using prefabricated components has been able to outshine.
• 12) The best thermal insulation and therefore the most energy-saving construction when using the basic elements (1) to (10) is given when 20 cm thick gas concrete for roof and ceiling constructions slabs are laid and 20 cm thick gas concrete slabs for walls of all kinds. Cold bridges from the outside are excluded, since supports and supporting beams above and below as well as large parts of the cornice beams are covered by the installation of the outer walls. Insufficient insulation in the horizontal plane cannot occur because the lower elements already have factory-wide insulation strips on the cornice beams that are higher than (v). Elements to be placed on top of this each have insulation strips running around the bottom of the cornice beams at a thickness of greater (v). For all element joints in the vertical direction, the mentioned insulation strips are also thicker (v) around the end faces of the cornice beams, so that when the basic elements (1) to (10) are placed and put together, all element joints in the horizontal and vertical direction are inevitably tightly closed and insulated. Sound insulation in any required value can be achieved, since the prefabricated system invented here does not have any massive connections from element to element that could transmit sound from one element to another. The best impact sound insulation is also achievable through the specially developed stilted floor constructions. Excellent sound insulation values are given even within an element and from element to element, since all wall components are fundamentally supported on plastic or elastic joints to the raw components of the basic elements. It is also possible to manufacture components with particularly high demands on sound insulation using basic elements, since in these cases all raw and extension parts can be installed in heavy-duty materials.
• 13) When building with the ten developed basic elements, only the systems according to the invention for suspended ceilings and raised floors can be installed with full use of the shown prefabrication options, since only they give the possibility for the first time except for all-round edging strips closed ceilings and Adjust floors on site without dismantling to compensate for slight differences in height when assembling the elements with each other by readjusting. In particular, the use of the system shown according to the invention for erected floor constructions offers extremely appealing but also cost-saving possibilities for installation, technical expansion and the use of materials for floor covering tiles which have hitherto been used little or not for this purpose. For the first time, full free installation options are possible within the elements without any chiselling and milling work. Underfloor heating on the basis of all known heating systems in modification to free installation are conceivable. With the exception of wet cells and wet rooms, the entire electrical lines can be laid in drainage pipes on the bare ceilings or in built-in cable ducts. Electrical installation systems that themselves provide switches and all other controls and power take-off points within the floors can be fully used and offer the possibility that it will be child's play to relocate a socket or a switch to another location related to the furniture.

Among many captivating possibilities, only the laying of synthetic glass floor panels with underfloor lighting without the use of ceiling burners should be mentioned here. After the on-site assembly of the basic elements, which are also technically completed by up to 90%, all technical lines, pipes and ducts are connected from element to element using flexible parts on site. For technical installations of larger cross-sections in the vertical through all floors there are z. B. ventilation ducts and downpipes prefer the strip-shaped distances between two supports from element to element or the square areas between four supports when putting together four elements according to technical project planning.

List of code numbers for components

• (1) Basic element for foundations - rectangular base
• (1 ') Stair element for foundations - rectangular base
• (2) Basic element for full storeys - rectangular base
• (2 ') Stair element for full storeys - rectangular base
• (3) Basic element for high additional space - technology or foundation requirements - rectangular base
• (3 ') Stair element for high additional space - technology or foundation requirements - rectangular base
• (4) Basic element for low additional space or technology requirements - rectangular base
• (4 ') Stair element for low additional space or technology requirements - rectangular base
• (5) Basic element for parapet, balcony and terrace protection and foundations of the lowest height - rectangular base
• (5 ') Stair element for parapet, balcony and terrace enclosures and foundations of the lowest height - rectangular base
• (6) Basic element for foundations - square base
• (6 ') Stair element for foundations - square base
• (7) Basic element for full storeys - square base
• (7 ') Stair element for full floors - square base
• (8) Basic element for high additional space, technology or foundation requirements - square footprint
• (8 ') Stair element for high additional space, technology or foundation requirements - square footprint
• (9) Basic element for low additional space or technology requirements - square base
• (9 ') Stair element for low additional space or technology requirements - square footprint
• (10) Basic element for parapet, balcony and terrace enclosures and foundations of the lowest height - square base
• (10 ') Stair element for parapet, balcony and terrace enclosures and foundations of the lowest height - square base
• (11) Block or angular foundations in the outer wall area
• (12) Block foundations in the interior
• (13) Head plates over supports for all elements
• (14) Upper outer circumferential ledge beam
• (15) Upper circumferential support ring beam
• (16) Upper circumferential ceiling support beam
• (17) Element supports (selected: headroom of 3.30 m)
• (18) lower inner circumferential ceiling support beam)
• (19) Lower circumferential support ring beam
• (20) Lower all-round cornice beam
• (21) Base plates under supports for all elements
• (22) Element supports, 1.05 m high including head and foot plates
• (23) Installation opening 0.90 / 0.40 m cross section
• (24) Lower short ceiling support beam
• (25) Upper short ceiling support beam
• (26) Installation opening 1.00 / 0.40 m cross section
• (27) Longitudinal wall panels in front of the supports
• (28) Upper long ceiling support beams
• (29) Installation openings 0.65 / 0.40 m cross section
• (30) (Longitudinal) and wide wall panels in front of the supports
• (31) Lower short ceiling support beams
• (32) Upper (long) and short stiffening beams
• (33) Element supports (selected: headroom of 1.20 m)
• (34) Element supports, 0.85 m high, including head and foot plates
• (35) Installation opening 0.15 / 1.00 m cross section
• (36) Installation opening deeper 0.15 / 1.00 m or a total of 0.30 / 1.00 m cross-section
• (37) Installation opening 0.15 / 1.20 m cross section
• (38) Installation opening deeper 0.15 / 1.20 m or a total of 0.30 / 1.20 m cross section
• (39) All-round wall panel in front of the supports for elements with a square base
• (40) All-round lower cornice beam
• (41) All-round wall panel in front of the supports for elements with a rectangular base
• (42) Installation opening 0.15 / 0.50 m cross section
• (43) Installation opening 0.15 / 0.50 m lower or a total of 0.30 / 0.50 m cross-section
• (44) Roof ceiling tiles in normal width (selected 0.625 m)
• (45) Roof-ceiling fitting plate in the middle with a rectangular base
• (46) Roof-ceiling fitting plate off-center with a square base
• (47) Edge joint vertically around roof and ceiling tiles 0.025 m thick
• (48) Support joint for horizontal roof and ceiling tiles 0.025 m thick
• (49) Fitting plate off-center with a square base
• (50) Circular staircase opening between the ceiling support beams or between the support beams
• (51) roof-ceiling tile in normal width (selected 0.625 m)
• (52) Roof-ceiling fitting plates in the middle with a rectangular base
• (53) Edge joint vertically around roof and ceiling tiles also around supports 0.025 m thick
• (54) Support joint on the supports interrupted for horizontal roof and ceiling tiles, 0.025 m thick
• (55) Roof-ceiling end plates released on the supports
• (56) Roof-ceiling fitting plate in the middle with a square base
• (57) Roof-ceiling end plates, notched, can be installed in both directions with a square base
• (58) Half-height auxiliary support in the middle as required
• (59) Auxiliary support three-quarters high in the middle as required
• (60) Auxiliary support clamped at the top and bottom as required
• (61) Exterior wall panel standing in normal width (selected 0.625 m)
• (62) Wide-longitudinal wall panels standing one covering a longitudinal wall in normal width (selected 0.50 m)
• (63) Outer longitudinal wall fitting plate standing on the outer wall - covering a width wall (selected normal width 0.625 m)
• (64) Outer longitudinal wall fitting plate standing on the outer wall - covering two width walls (selected normal width 0.625 m)
• (65) Outer width wall fitting plate for an outer wall between two longitudinal walls (selected normal width 0.625 m)
• (66) Outer longitudinal wall fitting plate in the middle of the outer wall, running over the outer corner and up to the middle of the element joint (selected normal width 0.625 m)
• (67) Outer longitudinal wall fitting plate for longitudinal wall lying between two width walls (selected normal width 0.50 m)
• (68) Outer longitudinal wall corner fitting plate with longitudinal wall running over an outer corner and running to the middle of the element joint (selected normal width 0.625 m)
• (69) Outer width wall fitting plate off-center with width wall between outer wall and middle of element joint (selected 0.50 m)
• (70) Outer width wall fitting plates in the middle of the outer wall between two outer walls (selected 0.50 m)
• (71) Outer width wall fitting plates in the middle of the outer wall abutting an outer wall and covering an outer wall (selected 0.50 m)
• (72) Outer width wall fitting plate in the middle of the wall between two longitudinal walls (selected 0.625 m)
• (73) Outside width wall corner fitting plate against wall abutting an outside wall and covering a width wall (selected 0.625 m)
• (74) Outer width wall fitting plate in the center, as described under (73), but with a selected normal width of 0.50 m
• (75) Outer width wall fitting plate in the middle of the wall as described under (73), but with a selected normal width of 0.625 m
• (76) Outer width wall corner fitting plate abutting the longitudinal wall and covering one longitudinal wall (selected 0.625 m)
• (77) Outer width wall fitting plate in the middle of the wall abutting the outer wall and a mitred corner (selected 0.625 m)
• (78) Outer width wall fitting plate in the middle of the wall between two longitudinal walls (selected 0.625 m)
• (79) Outer width wall fitting plate in the middle of the wall abutting the longitudinal wall and running to the edge of the Gesmis (selected 0.625 m)
• (80) Miter-sided outer wall corner with miter (selected 0.625 m)
• (81) Miter-sided outer wall corners with miter (selected 0.50 m)
• (82) Outside wall corners blunt from two normal panels (selected 0.50 m)
• (83) Joint angle between outer wall panels and supports
• (84) Joint between outer wall panels and column
• (85) External wall element joint by joining two normal 0.50 m slabs
• (86) External wall element joint through a fitting plate between two «outer walls
• (87) External wall element joint by placing a fitting plate from column to column
• (88) External wall element joint by truncated pyramid-shaped fitting plate
• (89) External wall element joint by placing a fitting plate between two «outer walls
• (90) Outer wall element joint by fitting plate between two «outer walls
• (91) External wall element joint through T-shaped fitting to the outer edge of the cornice and placing a fitting plate between two «outer walls
• (92) External wall element joint through a fitting between the two outer walls extending to the outer edge of the cornice
• (93) Roof-ceiling installation openings prepared 0.30 / 0.30 m cross-section
• (94) Anchor channels in the inside of the supports, in the undersides of the upper support beams and in the upper sides of the lower support beams (continuous or circumferential)
• (95) Support profiles in joint thicknesses for roof, ceiling and exterior wall panels
• (96) Double window-door construction with inner blind
• (97) Double window-door construction with a small blind box
• (98) Simple window-door construction with lower fighter
• (99) Simple window-door construction without division with shutters
• (100) Simple window-door combination with only one lower fighter and blind box attached at the top
• (101) Simple door-window element with fighter partitions above and below
• (102) Box for indirect lighting on the lintel
• (103) Largest roller shutter boxes for door window heights of approx. 3.00 m
• (104) Simple windows from the lower edge of the lintel to the parapet height
• (105) Door-window element in two-shell construction with a venetian blind installed in the middle
• (106) Light partition inside 0.10 m thick
• (107) Light internal partition wall, 0.10 m thick
• (108) Solid inner partition 0.15 m thick in panel construction
• (109) Solid inner partition 0.15 m thick
• (110) Light inner partition wall in panel construction 0.10 m thick
• (111) Solid continuous interior partitions in slab construction 0.15 m thick
• (112) Heavy internal fire wall in panel construction 0.20 m thick with truncated pyramid element connection
• (113) Internal partition 0.15 m thick in panel construction
• (114) Solid inner partition in panel construction 0.15 m thick
• (115) Light inner partition as a wall panel 0.10 m thick
• (116) Solid internal partition made of 0.15 m thick panels
• (117) Interior wall crossing point for the attachment of 0.15 m thick wall panels
• (118) Vertical connection joints from two sides within 0.15 m thick inner walls
• (119) Truncated pyramid-shaped connecting plate from element to element within 0.15 m thick inner walls
• (120) Connection wall strips on element joint width within 0.15 m thick inner walls
• (121) Vertical inner wall joints connecting 0.15 m thick inner walls from two sides against a 0.10 m thick wall
• (122) Vertical joint with right-angled connection of two 0.15 m thick inner walls
• (123) Light partition wall 0.15 m thick, ending at the top of the suspended ceiling
• (124) Fire wall / apartment or house partition 0.20 m thick right through to the upper edge of the all-round supporting beam
• (125) Low interior partition ending in a false ceiling in residential construction
• (126) Inner wall 0.15 m thick in height from the top of the beam to the bottom of the beam
• (127) Interior partition 0.15 m thick, reaching up to the top of two offset suspended ceilings
• (128) Thinnest inner partition 0.10 m thick from medium height with the top of a suspended ceiling
• (129) Weakest partition 0.10 m thick to underside of upper inner support beam
• (130) 0.15 m thick inner wall from the upper edge of the raw ceiling to the lower edge of the raw ceiling
• (131) Interior wall not as high as the floor
• (132) Fire, house or apartment partition 0.20 m thick in the height from the upper edge of the lower to the underside of the upper cornice beam
• (133) Partition 0.10 m thick ending with the top of a suspended ceiling
• (134) Fire apartment partition wall in a thickness of 0.20 m, in the height of the lower to upper support beams

List of code letters for dimensions

• (a) Length of 6.70 m over all with rectangular bases
• (a: 2-v) width of 3.30m over everything with rectangular bases and length and width over everything for square bases
• (b) Height of 4.20 m above all for full-floor elements
• (b: 2) Height of 2.10 m above all for elements for high additional space, technology or foundation requirements
• (b: 4) Height of 1.05 m above all for the elements for foundations and for low additional space or technology requirements
• (c) Height of 0.85 m above all for parapet, balcony and patio protection elements
• (d) depth of 0.30 m of the upper and lower outer cornice beams
• (e) Column, length and width dimensions and width dimensions of the supporting beams above and below, as well as length and width dimensions of the foot and head plates (selected 0.30 m - variable -)
• (f) Clear longitudinal dimension between the supports (chosen 5.50 m - variable -)
• (g) Clear (longitudinal) and width dimension between the supports (selected 2.10 m - variable -)
• (h) Depth dimension of 0.15 m of the upper and lower inner circumferential ceiling support beams (i) Clear longitudinal dimension between the ceiling support beams (selected 5.20 m - variable -)
• (k) Clear (longitudinal) and width dimension between the ceiling support beams (selected 1.80 m - variable -)
• (I) Height of 0.15 m of the ceiling support beams running around the top and bottom and the outer cornice beams running around the top and bottom
• (m) Height dimension of the supporting ring beam running around the bottom without the dimension of (1) (selected 0.225 m - variable -)
• (n) Clear height dimension for supports (selected 3.30 m - variable -)
• (o) Height dimension of the supporting ring beam running around the top without the dimension of (1) (selected 0.275 m - variable -)
• (p) Clear height dimension from the bottom of the upper inner ceiling support beam to the upper side of the lower inner ceiling support beam (selected 3.525 m - variable -)
• (q) Clear height dimension of the upper supporting ring beam from the outside (selected 0.275 m - variable -)
• (r) Clear height dimension for supports (selected 1.20 m - variable -)
• (s) Clear (longitudinal) and width dimension of 2.40 m between ceiling support beams
• (t) depth of 0.10 m for narrow, all-round cornice beams (variable)
• (u) Dimension of 0.20 m for external wall panels (variable)
• (v) Dimension of 0.05 m for half joint spacing between the elements horizontally and vertically and for the heights of the column, head and foot plates
• (w) Podium depths for straight stairways with a dimension of 1.21 m (variable)
• (x) Pedestal beam height with a dimension of 0.30 m (variable)
• (y: ...) grid to the smallest dimension of 1.70 m related to the axes of the elements in both directions (vertical and horizontal)
• (z) Rise ratio of 0.175 m for seating and 0.280 m for treads - all steps consistently through all elements
  • (A) grid spacing of 1.05 m in the building height including joint parts - except for the attic flat roof termination with 0.85 m
  • (B) grid spacing of 3.40 m for buildings in length including joint halves
  • (C) grid spacing of 3.40 m for buildings in width including joint halves

Claims (14)

1. An open skeleton-frame system made of concrete resp. structural steel parts enclosing a specified CUBE with rectangular base with its boundary lines, for which supports (17) are intended in the four corners. These supports are connected with each other by means of loadbearing ring beams (15, 19) with ceiling beam supports (16, 18) mounted on above and below. The structural frame, open at all sides, can be extended by means of shell extension works, as well as construction work and technical installations such as to form buildings being prefabricated to a great extent. The first patent claim as principal claim relates to the full story basic element (2), designed according to invention, which - in case of a rectangular base - consists of the following structural parts, being connected with each other in a rigid manner :

a) Column base plates made of steel, with formation according to 'A' or'B', will be placed within four angles of a rectangular base with sides ((f) and 2-(e)) and ((g) and 2-(e)).

b) Height (v) of the column base plates (21) will always be the same according to invention.

c) Horizontal cross-section with both sides (e) on (e) is larger and smaller only at inner sides according to invention.

d) The four formations of column base will be connected by means of a lower bearing ring beam (19) according to invention, of which the cross section has the width of (3) and height = (I) and (m), whereby the bearing ring beam (e) at bottom is variable towards inside and (m) with respect to height.

e) The bearing ring beam (19) at level of base plates (21) has a distance of (v) to an imaginary level. The projecting ring beam (2) at outside, is attached to the bearing ring beam (19), flush at bottom, with same distance to the imaginary level below.

f) The beam is distinguished by a cross-section with sides (d) and (I) which is invariable, by exterior edges, and determined by an invariable base of element (2) with sides (a) and ((a) : 2-(v)). Depth (d) has been chosen according to invention to take outer walls or interior fire walls, resp. floor slabs for covering of elements in the course of erection.

g) On the floor ring beam (19) there is attached a ceiling bearing support ring beam (18) at same height as lower projecting beam (20) at the inner side of the bearing ring beam. According to invention its cross-section is (h) x (I).

h) On top of the floor ring beams (18) floor slabs will be laid with short direction of clamping (k) and joint spacing (v : 2) height of which will be (m), incl. joint. Preferably, top surfaces of floor slabs will be flush with upper sides of bearing ring beam (19) because of this.

i) The upper bearing ring beam (15) will be positioned exactly above the lower bearing ring beam (19) with a clear distance of (n). It will also have a width of (e), however a height of (I) and (o), according to invention.

j) An exterior projecting ring beam (14) will be attached on top of upper bearing ring beam (15). It will be placed exactly above the lower projecting beam (20) and shall have the same cross-section, according to invention.

k) The top side of the upper projecting beam (14) shall be flush with the top side of the upper bearing ring beam (15). The upper interior floor ring beam for roof/ceiling (16) will be connected with the upper bearing ring beam (15), i. e. flush with its bottom side. It will be positioned exactly above the lower floor beam and shall have the same cross-section with sides (h) and (I). The distance from (o) is greater than from (m) and will preferably allow for placing of roof/floor slabs with joint spacing (v : 2) on top of the floor ring beam (16) and for total overall height of a flat roof sealing.

I) With the exception of upper bearing ring beam all cross-sections and distances will always remain the same. The bearing ring beam (15) will be variable with respect to its width (e) and its depth above bottom side of interior floor ring beam (16).

m) The upper bearing ring beam (15) will be surpassed in height by a column cap formations according to ('A') or ('B') and by the resp. cap plates (13) in the four corners, with difference in altitude (v). The cap plates (13) will have the same cross-section as the base plates (21). This cross-section can also be larger or smaller than (e) and (e), in each case according to column cross-section.

n) The lower horizontal bearing ring beam (19) is connected to the upper horizontal bearing ring beam (15) by means of four vertical columns of same length, the position of which shall correspond exactly with the four cap plates (13) and the four base plates (21) and they shall have the same cross-section (e) on (e). This cross-section can preferably be larger or smaller towards the inside without causing change of position of the four outside corners of the columns.

o) The four columns will have the characteristic feature that their clear height (n) will be the same between top edge of lower bearing ring beam (19) and bottom side of upper bearing ring beam (15). This height (n) has been chosen by preference so that basic elements (2) will even have the required clear height of living- and workrooms after installation of suspended ceilings and elevated floors in case of use as full story element.

p) The top edges of the column cap constructions will be connected by means of an imaginary horizontal line. The total distance between this line and the horizontal level below the column base constructions will result in overall height (b) of basic element (2). This overall height will preferably pass through the ratio of rise (z), always invariable, in case of staircase installation.

2. The full story basic element (2), according to principal claim 1, can be combined with one basic element (1) for complementary installation in foundation ditch below and with one basic element (4) for additional low demand with respect to room and technical installations above. The basic elements (1) and (4) are of identical construction. According to invention, they also have the same structural parts (13), (21) and (20), with respect to cross-sections and spacing in horizontal level, as basic element (2). These elements preferably differ from basic element (2), according to invention, thanks to the fact that connecting bearing beams at top and bottom are missing and are replaced by continuous cross walls (27) and (30) with thickness (u). Closed installation recesses (23, 26 and 29) made of light construction materials will be prepared within these solid cross walls. Floor beams exist with the same cross-section as in case of basic element (2), however, not in form of bearing ring beams but positioned between the columns with individual length. Upper floor beams (24) and (31) for roof/floor slabs. The four columns (22) with same variable cross-section and in same position to outside as in case of basic element (2) will only have overall height of ((b) : 4)/(2-(v)) from top side of column cap plate to bottom side of column base plate. Without deduction of (2-(v)) the overall height of basic elements (1) and (4) will be ((b) : 4). This is determined by the fact that it is passed through with always same ratio of rise (z) in case of staircase installation, as is the case for basic element (2).

3. Basic element (3) has been designed according to invention for completion and placement above or below basic element (2) - put forward in principal claim 1 - which will meet requirements with respect to additional rooms, technical installations or foundations. Structural parts (13) through (16) + (18) through (21) will preferably be the same as in case of basic element (2). The only difference compared with basic element (2) is that columns (17) will be replaced by columns (33) with a lesser clear height of (r).

4. Basic element (5) for formation of protectors for fascias, balconies, and terraces, as well as for meeting of modest demand for additional space with respect to foundations or technical installations, and also for completion and placement above or below basic elements (1), (2), (3) and (4), put forward in principal claims 1 through 3.

According to invention, basic element (5) will be identical with basic elements (1) and (4) to a great extent. Deviations from basic elements (1) and (4) will be that preferably the continuous cross walls (41) will be lower in this case, installation recesses will be of different given size (35), (36), (37), (38), (42) and (43) and the upper floor beams will be missing. Basic element (5) will also be different from basic elements (1) and (4) because of the fact that the four columns (34) will be lower and will have overall height (c) from top edge of column cap plate to bottom edge of column base plate. Preferably, it will be possible to pass through overall height (c) with always same ratio of rise (z) as in the case of overall height of elements in principal claims 1) through 4).

5. Basic elements (6) and (9) for spacial complation of basic elements (1) and (4) described in principal claim 1-3. Basic elements (6) and (9) are distinguished from basic elements (1) and (4) according to invention, only because of the fact that they will have a square base with sides ((a) : 2-(v)) and ((a) : 2-(v)).

6. Basic element (7) for spacial completion of basic element (2), as described in principal claim 1, will also only be different according to invention, because it has the same square overall base as elements (6) and (9).

7. Basic element (8) for spacial completion of basic element (3), as described in principal claim 3 to 6 will also differ from basic element (3), according to invention only because it has the same square overall base as elements (6), (7) and (9).

8. Basic element (10) for spacial completion of basic element (5), as described in principal claim 4 to 7 will only differ from basic element (5), according to invention, because it has the same overall square base as elements (6), (7), (8) and (9).

9. The formation ('A') of column cap and column base according to fig. 42 as claim 1.

The formations of column cap, designed according to invention, will serve for vertical transport of basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) and with smaller size for transport of elements (1), (4), (5), (6), (9) and (10).

Their use will make soft placement possible in the course of stacking of basic elements one upon the other and with respect to vertical movements. This is important all the more so in the case of basic elements, which have been complated up to 90 % with regard to construction, technical installations and furnishings.

Formation ('A') of the column cap will preferably consist of a solid steel plate with thickness (v) and a base which corresponds to cross-section of the respective column of the element. The column cap plate will be perforated in center of top in form of a circular opening with height (v : 2) and a circular opening at bottom which has a smaller diameter - height also (v : 2). A steel tube with internal thread will be attached below the solid steel plate. It has the same inside diameter as the small circular opening at bottom of the column cap plate and is closed with a metal plate at bottom. It should be possible, that cap screws with eye can be inserted into the four threaded tubes for vertical transport of elements.

The four column base formations of respective elements have - according to invention - the same solid steel plates as base plates, each with height (v), as the column cap plates with an opening in center which has the maximum diameter (inside) of the steel tube directly mounted on top of the base plate with cover on top. According to statical analysis and with respect to extent of completion of elements (1) through (10), heavy special type steel springs will be fastened in center of steel tube cover. These springs are, among others, designed in such a way that they will only unbend to such a degree during suspension of elements that the outer steel tube to which they are connected at lower end, will still be guided in the surrounding steel jacket, the outermost cylinder, and the opening in the base plate. The steel spring itself will only be able to move within the inmost steel tube with minimum diameter, which will be fastened to the cover of the steel tube with maximum diameter.

10. Formation ('B') of column cap and column base according to fig. 42 as claim 1.

The formations of column cap, designed according to invention, will serve for vertical transport of basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8) and with smaller size for transport of elements (1), (4), (5), (6), (9) and (10).

Their use will make soft placement in the course of stacking of basic elements one upon the other and with respect to vertical transport possible. This is important all the more so in the case of basic elements, which have been completed up to 90 % with regard to construction, technical installations and furnishings.

Formation ('B') of the column cap will, according to invention, consist of a solid steel plate with shape and dimensions of the column cap plate.

However, it will preferably have a circular opening with maximum diameter. This, at the same time, will be the internal diameter of the steel tube with cover on top, which will be positioned above and connected with the base plate. In center of the steel plate, which closes the top of the tube cylinder, there will be a special type pendulous shock absorber above two eye hook constructions and within the inner casing of the surrounding steel cylinder.

For these formations ('B') the basic elements below are equipped with cap plate formations ('B'). These will show segmental openings with upper diameter larger than the catching end of the special type shock absorber, in center of the cap- and cover plates above the threaded tubes.

11. Wind anchors in vertical plane and anchor connections in horizontal level to be installed transversally according to fig. 44 as claim 1.

According to invention, anchor connections are shown as rigid design as well as in flexible construction with use of springs. Four threaded tubes in crosswise construction will be fit into the columns - preferably directly below the column cap - or the column base formation, according to secondary claims 1 and 2 - which will provide connections for horizontal anchors at all four sides of the column. For fabrication of rigid horizontal anchor connections in accordance with invention, threaded steel pieces projecting from the columns can be screwed into two opposite threaded steel tubes. Flexible heads will be at both ends of a steel bar for creation of the connection. By means of this it will be possible to level slight permissible variations which might result from stacking basic elements (1) through (10) one upon the other. A short threaded tube with depth according to length of thread of the threaded steel piece projecting from the column, will be put over a flexible head.

Above the flexible head there will be a tube at the other end of the bar, with length accordingly greater, which will only be threaded in its front half and of such a length that it can be screwed tightly into the threaded steel piece projecting from the other column. By means of tightening of the longer connection tube, an anchor will be produced which will constitute a rigid connection between two elements. For creation of a mobile but still tight connection in accordance with invention, the rigid steel bar is merely exchangeable for a strong spring which will also have flexible heads at its ends.

Further horizontal element connections can also be produced with the constructional elements described, i. e. rigid or mobile by means of bars or springs.

Vertical, transversal, and also those wind anchors to be placed crosswise, can also be installed laterally reversed within basic elements (2), (3), (7) and (8).

Preferably, a round steel cross will be within cross-section of the column with possibility to provide anchor connection at all four sides of the column. This round steel cross will always be positioned directly below the upper cross tubes or directly above the lower cross tubes.

According to invention, steel hooks with flexible heads at the ends and directed towards top or bottom, are laid over the round steels of the round steel crosses. Threaded steel tubes will close behind these flexible heads. A sheet metal hood which closes flush with the outside of the columns and forms an oval moving space for the different transversal wind anchors to be installed, will be positioned around the round steel of the steelhook and above the tubes.

Steel rods which will have flexible heads at the other end with threaded tubes of respective length placed over them, can be screwed into the threaded tubes positioned within the columns. These structural features will also be shown by the anchor devices of the opposite columns, positioned at top or bottom. They only differ with respect to the shorter threaded tubes positioned above their flexible heads. Finally, rigid transversal wind anchors are provided between these devices, facing one another on top and bottom, by means of a round steel bar, screwed completely into the shorter tube, with thread in opposite direction at its ends, while it will still be possible to also screw it into the longer tube and to tighten it.

According to invention, a mobile wind anchor connection which, however, can be tightened, is provided by means of removal of a center piece of the round steel bar and by installation of a special type steel spring within this gap.

According to arrangement, resp. position of the transversal anchor connections between elements, within longitudinal direction of elements (2) and (3) or else within elements (7) and (8), different linear dimensions will occur diagonally. These differences between measurements are always bridged over by use of shorter or longer round steel bars in center, with thread in opposite direction, resp. by means of shorter or longer spring-bar-designs also with thread in opposite direction at the end of the bars.

12. Design of suspension arrangement for ceiling according to fig. 49, as claim 1.

According to invention this will be connected to the bare ceiling by means of a cap plate. A round steel bar will preferably be fastened in center of the cap plate. Length of this bar will depend upon height of the ceiling to be suspended. A threaded tube will be attached in center of cover on top of it. By means of fastening of L-shaped steel plate angles, crosswise against the outer jacket of a steel tube, four U-shaped hooks are formed for the ceiling to be suspended. The piece of steel tube is closed with an upper steel cover which has a round opening in center of corresponding size. A solid steel cylinder will receive a large, deep indentation towards the bottom and a round end plate towards the top, the diameter of which shall be somewhat smaller than the internal diameter of the steel pipe. Small ball bearings will be inserted into the top of this end plate and a threaded steel bolt will be fixed in center. This bolt is bolted into the threaded tube through the opening of the steel pipe cover that one third of length of thread remains unused. In this way it will be possible that two small flat steel plates are attached to the steel tube with space in between. According to invention, these might then serve as support for T-steel rails, in case that e. g. crossheads are required across the wide ducts above the suspended ceilings.

13. Construction of suspended ceiling as shown in fig. 49, as claim 12, which will consist of the following in accordance with invention.

A round steel suspender which is anchored at the bottom side of a bare ceiling. A threaded tube is inserted into a steel tube up to one third of the length of the lower part. A threaded bolt, which has been straddled to form a notch and will receive a surrounding edge of support, is bolted into the piece of steel tube completely and receives a small end plate which will prevent racing of the threaded bolt. Prior to this, a steel ring - shaped like an L turned upside down - has been slid over it with the hooks for suspension of the ceiling. Unhindered readjustment is possible through small, round or square openings of completed ceilings suspension construction.

14. Construction of elevated floor according to fig. 50 as claim 1.

According to invention the elevated floor construction has been designed specially with respect to elements and will preferably consist of the following functional piece parts :

a) A square steel base plate with openings for screws in two corners diagonally opposing or in all four corners for attachment at bare ceiling by means of screws (with plugs) or stone anchors. If necessary, a soft PVC pad is laid between flush bare ceiling and base plate.

b) A steel tube is placed on top of the steel base plate with interior thread up to 2/3 height of the tube. A long, round steel bolt with thread in lower part according to thread in the tube and smooth upper part with deep indentation at end, is bolted from above, and the steel tube will then be closed around the bolt on top by means of a steel ring cover and a steel plate ring is attached to the smooth parto of the bolt above.

c) Ball bearings for easy turning of the top and for upper ceiling with heavy loads are located in this steel ring - otherwise, the upper surfaces of the steel rings will be made smooth and sliding. Another steel plate ring with same diameter and with the same hollow space for ball bearing (or ground smooth on bottom surface only) will be laid from above without connection.

d) Another piece of steel tube which will remain open on top is fastened on top of this.

e) Preferably, two supporting steel plates will always be inserted crosswise, equally spaced, and cone shaped in upward direction between ring plate described above and the outside of the steel tube.

f) T-steel rails for formation of the arrangement of layers of base plates are placed between and on top of these supporting plates. The supporting plates will be attached to the upper part of the tube, reduced in height according to thickness of the T-steel rails. For prevention of impact sound, the T-steel rails. For prevention of impact sound, the T-steel rails will not reach the outer surface of the upper tube and the top of the supporting plates and T-steel rails as well as the tube will be lined with a hood made of rubber or soft PVC. The rubber- or soft PVC-lining on top of supporting plates and T-rails will be in strips.

g) Height of the elevated floor construction will depend upon distance between upper ceiling and bare ceiling. In accordance with this, the lower tube and the complete bolt are finished shorter or longer. Through very small round or square jogs in corner joint of the four base plates, it will be possible to readjust floor surfaces installed at works fast and without problems through the indentation of the bolt ; this for purpose of height adjustment of elements on site.

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