DE102023112217A1 - Method, system, computer program and computer-readable storage medium for charging a plurality of vehicles by a battery charging system - Google Patents

Abstract

A method is provided for charging a plurality of vehicles (2) by a battery charging system (5), comprising
- Determining, by the battery charging system (5), a flexibility for each of the vehicles (2),
- transmitting, by the battery charging system (5), an aggregated flexibility comprising at least some of the flexibilities to an energy management system (6) of a building (3),
- receiving, by the battery charging system (5), a retrievable power from the energy management system (6) for charging the vehicles (2) depending on the aggregated flexibility,
- Determining, by the battery charging system (5), for at least some of the vehicles (2) a charging plan depending on the available power, whereby
- the vehicles (2) are charged according to the charging plans.
Furthermore, a system (1), a computer program and a computer-readable storage medium are specified.

Description

A method for charging a plurality of vehicles by a battery charging system is provided. In addition, a system, a computer program and a computer-readable storage medium are provided.

One problem to be solved is to specify a method in which a predeterminable charge level of a vehicle is maintained. Furthermore, a device and a computer program are to be specified that can carry out such a method. In addition, a computer-readable storage medium with such a computer program is to be specified.

These objects are achieved by the method and the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments, implementations and further developments are the subject matter of the respective dependent patent claims.

First, the method for charging a large number of vehicles using a battery charging system is explained. The vehicles are, for example, a motor vehicle, such as a passenger car, a truck, a van and/or a motorcycle. At least some of the vehicles are in particular a battery electric vehicle (BEV) and/or a hybrid battery electric vehicle, each of which has an electric motor that is powered by the battery.

The vehicles are designed, for example, to be charged from a charging station. The charging stations are, for example, part of a building, in particular an industrial building. The charging stations are located, for example, in a parking lot of the building.

The battery charging system is, for example, connected to the charging stations by means of a first network. In particular, the battery charging system can communicate with the charging stations. The first network can be a wireless network. For example, the battery charging system is designed to receive charging information from the charging stations.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the battery charging system determines a flexibility for each of the vehicles. The vehicles are in particular vehicles that are charged in the parking lot and/or are to be charged in the parking lot. For example, the flexibility of all vehicles that are charged in the parking lot and/or are to be charged in the parking lot is determined. The flexibility is, for example, characteristic of a possibility to adapt the charging of the vehicle. In particular, the possibility scales with a charge state and/or a downtime of the respective vehicle.

If the charge level is relatively low, it is possible to charge a relatively large amount of energy. If the downtime is relatively long, it is possible to charge at relatively many times. In this case, with a low charge level and/or a long downtime, the possibility of adjusting the charging is relatively large. This means that the flexibility is relatively high.

Alternatively, if the state of charge is relatively high, it is possible to charge relatively little energy. If the downtime is relatively short, it is possible to charge at relatively few times. In this case, with a high state of charge and/or a short downtime, the possibility of adjusting the charging is relatively small. This means that the flexibility is relatively small.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the battery charging system transmits an aggregated flexibility, which includes at least some of the flexibilities, to an energy management system of the building. The aggregated flexibility includes in particular all of the flexibilities determined. For example, the battery charging system is designed to combine all of the flexibilities determined into an aggregated flexibility. The aggregated flexibility is, for example, representative of a sum of all flexibilities.

The battery charging system and the energy management system are connected, for example, via an application programming interface (API).

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the battery charging system receives a retrievable power from the energy management system for charging the vehicles depending on the aggregated flexibility. The retrievable power is determined, for example, by the energy management system depending on the aggregated flexibility. The determination by the energy management system is, for example, dependent on building information. The building information is, for example, characteristic of at least one piece of energy information of the building.

The available power is particularly representative of a power dependent on the time that the building can provide for charging all vehicles.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the battery charging system determines a charging plan for at least some of the vehicles depending on the available power. In particular, the battery charging system determines exactly one charging plan for each of the vehicles. For example, the battery charging system determines a charging plan for at least some or all of the vehicles. For example, the battery charging system determines each charging plan depending on the respective flexibility and the available power. The battery charging system disaggregates the aggregated flexibility, for example, and uses the disaggregated flexibilities to generate a charging plan for each of the vehicles depending on the available power.

Each of the charging plans is determined individually for each vehicle. The charging plan is representative of the time at which the respective vehicle is charged.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the vehicles are charged depending on the charging plans. Each charging plan is transmitted, for example, to one of the charging stations. The charging stations provide energy to the respective vehicle depending on the respective charging plan.

Furthermore, the vehicles can be charged depending on a preference of the vehicles. If the preference and the charging plan are compatible, the vehicle is charged according to the respective charging plan. If the preference and the charging plan are not compatible, the vehicle is not charged, is charged later, is charged with reduced charging power, or is charged immediately. The preference is, for example, characteristic of the usage behavior of a user of the respective vehicle.

Such a method advantageously ensures that the vehicles can be charged, particularly taking into account the building's energy information. The battery charging system can advantageously ensure that the specifications of the energy management system, which are characteristic of the available power, are met. By integrating the battery charging system autonomously into the building, latencies for controlling the charging stations are advantageously reduced. Furthermore, dependency on external systems is advantageously reduced.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the vehicles are charged depending on an incentive table. The incentive table includes, for example, a price structure that is characteristic of energy costs depending on a time of day, a location and/or electricity demand. Furthermore, the incentive table can include CO2 costs and/or a renewable energy share. This advantageously ensures that the vehicles are charged in a particularly cost-effective and/or environmentally friendly manner.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the flexibility is determined depending on a predeterminable departure time and a predeterminable charge level. For example, each vehicle is connected to the respective charging station when it arrives at the building's parking lot. The time of connection defines in particular an arrival time of the vehicle. Furthermore, an actual charge level of the vehicle can be determined at the arrival time. The time interval from the time of connection to the time of the predeterminable departure time is characteristic of the idle time of the respective vehicle.

For example, each vehicle is assigned a predeterminable departure time and a predeterminable charge level. This means that each vehicle is given a predetermination of what charge level must be achieved at the departure time. The predeterminable departure time and/or the predeterminable charge level are specified, for example, by a user of the respective vehicle.

The flexibility of each vehicle is defined, for example, by the arrival time and the actual charge level up to the specifiable departure time and the specifiable charge level.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the flexibility is determined depending on an expected arrival time and an expected state of charge. For example, the expected arrival time and the expected state of charge are determined depending on usage behavior and/or user information. The expected arrival time is, for example, characteristic of a point in time when the vehicle is expected to be connected. The expected state of charge is in particular the state of charge of the vehicle at the expected arrival time.

The flexibility of each vehicle is defined, for example, by the expected arrival time and the expected charge level up to the specified departure time and the specified charge level. This allows flexibility to be can be determined in part before the vehicle is connected to the charging station.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the retrievable power is dependent on at least one piece of energy information. The building comprises, for example, a plurality of energy entities, each of which is designed to consume, generate, store and/or measure electrical energy. At least some of the energy entities can be representative of at least one of the pieces of energy information. The energy information is provided, for example, to the energy management system.

For example, the energy management system is connected to the energy entities via a second network. The second network can also be a wireless network.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the energy information comprises at least one of the following information: energy availability, energy costs, peak loads of the building.

The energy entities include, for example, at least one controlled consumer and/or at least one uncontrolled consumer. Energy consumption of controlled consumers can in particular be controlled or monitored. The controlled consumer is, for example, an air conditioning system, a heating system and/or production facilities of the building. Energy consumption of uncontrolled consumers cannot in particular be controlled or monitored. The uncontrolled consumer is, for example, a lighting system, a pump, a compressor and/or a motor of the building, the operation of which is necessary to maintain basic building functions.

The energy entities include, for example, at least one energy generator and/or at least one energy storage device. The at least one energy generator is, for example, a generator that is designed to generate electrical energy and provide it to the building. The energy generator is, for example, a photovoltaic system and/or a wind turbine.

The controlled consumer, the uncontrolled consumer, the energy generator and the energy storage are, for example, part of the building. The controlled consumer, the uncontrolled consumer, the energy generator and the energy storage are, for example, connected to one another via a building energy network.

The building energy network comprises, for example, a first part and a second part. The first part is, for example, connected to the energy entities of the building. The second part is, for example, connected to the charging stations of the building. The first part and the second part are connected to one another, for example, by means of a first network node. The first network node is in particular one of the energy entities.

The energy entities comprise, for example, at least one network connection, in particular an electricity meter and/or a second network node. The electricity meter can be an intelligent electricity meter. The second network node is connected in particular to the building energy network, in particular to the first part. The network connection is connected, for example, to a power grid. The power grid is designed to supply the building, in particular the energy entities, with energy.

The building's peak load is, for example, characteristic of energy consumed and/or provided by the building's energy entities. Energy availability is, for example, characteristic of the energy that can be delivered from the power grid. Energy costs are, for example, characteristic of a price of the energy supplied by the power grid.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the energy information is provided to the battery charging system. For example, the energy information can be provided to the battery charging system via the energy management system. Alternatively or additionally, the energy information is provided to the battery charging system by means of the second network.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the energy information is representative of at least one predefinable maximum load peak of the building. In particular, the energy information provided to the battery charging system is representative of the predefinable maximum load peak at the first network node.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the charging plans are determined depending on the predeterminable maximum load peak of the building. In particular, the charging plans are determined in such a way that the predeterminable maximum load peak is not exceeded. This advantageously ensures that a maximum power that is representative of the predeterminable maximum load peak is not exceeded either at the first network node or at the second network node. when the vehicles are charged according to the charging plans.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the charging plan for each of the vehicles is determined depending on a premise. For example, the charging plans are each optimized depending on the premise. The premise includes, for example, building information and/or vehicle information.

The building information includes, for example, one of the energy information of the energy entities of the building. The vehicle information includes, for example, further energy information of the vehicle, such as aging information of the vehicle's battery.

This makes it possible to avoid downtime, which has a negative impact on battery aging. Furthermore, the comparison of premises can avoid renegotiations between the battery charging system and the energy management system, as well as long operating times.

According to at least one embodiment of the method, the retrievable power is changed depending on whether the premise is fulfilled. If the premise is fulfilled, for example, with the respective determined charging plan, the respective vehicle is charged according to this charging plan. If the premise is not fulfilled, for example, with the respective determined charging plan, the respective vehicle is not charged according to this charging plan.

If the premise is not met, the battery charging system sends an error message to the energy management system, for example. The energy management system then determines, for example, a changed available power for charging the vehicles depending on the aggregated flexibility. Subsequently, for example, a changed charging plan is determined depending on the changed available power, with the vehicles being charged depending on the changed charging plans. The available power is changed in particular until the premise is met.

Furthermore, a system for charging a plurality of vehicles by a battery charging system is specified.

The system is designed to carry out the method described here. All features of the embodiment disclosed in connection with the method are therefore also disclosed in connection with the system and vice versa. For example, the system comprises the energy management system and the battery charging system. The energy management system and the battery charging system are connected to one another via the API, for example.

The battery charging system can be connected to an IT system. The IT system comprises, for example, a central IT system that is particularly designed to carry out monitoring and/or control tasks. The central IT system is, for example, directly connected to the battery charging system. The IT system also comprises, for example, a BEV OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) system that is designed to provide data on vehicle availability and vehicle forecasts to the battery charging system. The BEV OEM system is, for example, directly connected to the central IT system. The IT system also comprises, for example, an authentication and/or billing system that is designed to authenticate charging processes and/or to aggregate and/or bill charging processes. The authentication and/or billing system is, for example, directly connected to the central IT system.

The battery charging system and/or the energy management system can be connected to at least one network operator system, for example. The network operator system includes, for example, an energy market to which the battery charging system and/or the energy management system can be connected. The IT system and/or the network operator system, in particular the energy market, are each designed to provide the at least one piece of energy information.

This means that the energy flexibility of each system can be advantageously marketed on different markets, such as energy trading or network system services. The system can also advantageously take into account restrictions imposed by network operators, such as load and/or power limits.

In addition, a computer program is specified, comprising instructions which, when the computer program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method described here.

Furthermore, a computer-readable storage medium is specified on which the computer program described here is stored.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawings.

• 1 Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel,
• 2 schematische Darstellung eines Systems gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel,
• 3 schematische Darstellung einer API des Systems gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel,
• 4 schematische Darstellung einer Flexibilität, die in einer Methode gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ermittelt wird,
• 5 schematische Darstellung eines Ladevorgangs gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel,
• 6 bis 9 schematische Darstellungen von Parametern einer Methode gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel, und
• 10 schematische Darstellung eines Ladeplans, der in einer Methode gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ermittelt wird.

They show:

• 1 Flowchart of a method according to an embodiment,
• 2 schematic representation of a system according to an embodiment,
• 3 schematic representation of an API of the system according to an embodiment,
• 4 schematic representation of a flexibility determined in a method according to an embodiment,
• 5 schematic representation of a charging process according to an embodiment,
• 6 to 9 schematic representations of parameters of a method according to an embodiment, and
• 10 schematic representation of a charging plan that is determined in a method according to an embodiment.

Elements of the same construction or function are marked with the same reference symbols throughout the figures.

In the flow chart of the method according to the embodiment of the 1 First, a method step S1 is carried out in which a flexibility is determined by a battery charging system 5 for each vehicle 2 that is or will be connected to a charging station of a building 3. The determination of the flexibility for one of the vehicles 2 is in connection with the 4 described in more detail.

Subsequently, in method step S2, the battery charging system 5 transmits an aggregated flexibility, which includes at least some of the flexibilities, to an energy management system 6 of the building 3. In particular, the battery charging system 5 determines the aggregated flexibility and transmits it to the energy management system 6 through an API 25. The API 25 is connected to the 3 described in more detail.

In method step S3, the battery charging system 5 subsequently receives a retrievable power from the energy management system 6 for charging the vehicles 2 depending on the aggregated flexibility. In particular, the energy management system 6 is designed to determine the retrievable power depending on the aggregated flexibility and in particular energy information. The retrievable power is in connection with the 5 described in more detail.

Subsequently, in method step S4, the battery charging system 5 determines a charging plan for at least some of the vehicles 2 depending on the available power and in particular the flexibility. For example, the charging plan for each of the vehicles 2 is determined depending on a premise. The premise includes, for example, one of the energy information items.

If the premise is met, vehicles 2 are charged in step S5 depending on the charging plans.

If the premise is not met, the available power is changed in step S6. The energy management system 6 is designed in particular to change the available power in step S6 depending on the aggregated flexibility. Furthermore, the flexibility of one of the vehicles can change due to user preferences and/or unplugging the vehicle from the respective charging station. In this case, the respective flexibility is recalculated by the battery charging system 5 and the method is started with step S1 from 1 updated so that updated charging plans are determined.

The system 1 according to the embodiment of the 2 comprises a building 3 with charging stations 4. Vehicles 2 can be connected to the charging stations 4. The system 1 further comprises an energy management system 6 and a battery charging system 5, which are connected to one another via an API 25. The battery charging system 5 is connected, for example, to the charging stations 4 by means of a first wireless network, which is particularly in 2 as a wireless network symbol, also called WiFi symbol, whose outline is shown as a solid, comparatively thin line.

The battery charging system 5 is further connected to a central IT system 7. The central IT system 7 is connected to a BEV OEM system 8 and an authentication and/or billing system 9. The BEV OEM system 8 is connected to the vehicles 2 by means of a further first wireless network, which is particularly suitable for 2 as a wireless network symbol, also called WiFi symbol, whose outline is shown as a dashed line.

The building 3 also includes energy entities. The energy entities include, for example, a controlled consumer 10, an uncontrolled consumer 11, an energy generator 12 and an energy storage device 13.

The controlled consumer 10, the uncontrolled consumer 11, the energy generator 12 and the energy storage 13 and the charging stations 4 are connected to one another via a building energy network. The building energy network comprises a first network node 15, which is arranged between the energy entities and the charging stations 4.

The energy entities further comprise a grid connection comprising an electricity meter 14 and a second network node 16. The electricity meter 14 is connected to an electricity grid 17.

The energy entities are connected to the energy management system 6 by means of a second wireless network, which is particularly 2 as a wireless network symbol, also called a WiFi symbol, whose contour is shown as a solid, comparatively thick line. Furthermore, at least some of the energy entities, in particular the first network node 15 and the second network node 16, can be connected to the battery charging system 5 via the first wireless network.

The battery charging system 5, in particular the central IT system 7 and the energy management system 6 are connected to a network operator system 18 and have access to energy information from the network operator system 18. The network operator system 18 includes, among other things, market access 19, access to the energy market 20, access to the energy supplier 21, access to an external market participant 22, access to a metering point operator 23 and access to a distribution network operator 24.

The market access 19, the access to the energy supplier 21 and/or the access to the external market participant 22 can each deliver energy information to the battery charging system 5 and/or to the energy management system 6 and exchange further information.

The market access 19, the access to the energy supplier 21 and/or the access to the external market participant 22 can each provide energy information to the battery charging system 5 and/or to the energy management system 6 and exchange further information. Furthermore, the metering point operator 23 can exchange information with the power grid 17 and the distribution network operator 24 with the electricity meter 14.

The API 25 according to the embodiment of the 3 is designed to carry out method steps S7 to S11, which can be integrated into method steps S2 to S4. In method step S7, the battery charging system 5 and the energy management system 6 are authenticated. In method step S8, the aggregated flexibility is transmitted from the battery charging system 5 to the energy management system 6.

Subsequently, in method step S9, the retrievable power is transmitted from the energy management system 6 to the battery charging system 5. In this step, further energy information can also be transmitted from the energy management system 6 to the battery charging system 5, such as a maximum power to be maintained at the first network node 15 and/or a minimum power at the second network node 16.

In method step S10, the actual power consumed by the charging stations 4 is transmitted from the battery charging system 5 to the energy management system 6. Furthermore, in method step S10, the battery charging system 5 transmits an error message to the energy management system 6 if the premise is not met.

In method step S11, the available power is changed by renegotiation between the battery charging system 5 and the energy management system 6 and the modification of the available power.

The diagram of the 4 shows an example of the flexibility of a vehicle 2. An energy content is indicated on the left y-axis and a flexibility represented by an energy on the right y-axis. A time t is indicated on the x-axis. The energy content represents a state of charge of the vehicle. At the beginning t ₀ , vehicle 2 has a low state of charge. Curve K1 corresponds to immediate charging up to a maximum charge and curve K2 corresponds to immediate charging up to a predeterminable state of charge that corresponds to approximately 80% of the maximum charge. Curve K3 corresponds to the latest possible charging up to the maximum charge and curve K4 corresponds to the latest possible charging up to the predeterminable state of charge. The latest possible charging depends on a predeterminable departure time t ₁ , at which vehicle 2 has reached the maximum charge or the predeterminable state of charge.

The flexibility corresponds to an area between curve K1 and curve K3 or curve K2 and curve K4, depending on which charging target is to be achieved.

Curve K5 corresponds to charging the vehicle 2 according to an exemplary determined charging plan to the maximum charge at the predeterminable departure time. Curve K6 corresponds to charging the vehicle 2 according to an exemplary determined The curve K7 corresponds to a flexibility according to the charging of curve K5 and the curve K8 corresponds to a flexibility according to the charging of curve K6.

According to 5 Vehicle 2 has a state of charge (SOC) of 50% at the arrival time AK 09:00. The predeterminable departure time AB is given as 14:00 and the predeterminable state of charge is given as 80%. Vehicle 2 is charged depending on the available power P _v (kW) and an incentive table. The incentive table includes costs K(€) per CO2(g) depending on the time t between the times t ₀ and t ₁ in 4 . Using this information, the charging plan P(kW) is determined with which vehicle 2 is charged.

In the diagram in 6 a power at the second network node 16 as a function of time t is shown as a dashed curve. In this diagram, a predeterminable maximum load peak at the second network node 16 is also shown as a dotted line.

In the diagram in 7 a retrievable power as a function of time t is shown as a dashed curve, which is transmitted from the energy management system 6 to the battery charging system 5.

In the diagram in 8 a power as a function of time t is shown as a solid curve with which the vehicles 2 are charged. This solid curve corresponds to a real power consumed by the charging stations 4, which is transmitted from the battery charging system 5 to the energy management system 6. In this diagram, a predeterminable maximum load peak at the first network node 15 is also shown as a dotted line.

In the diagram in 9 Flexibility as a function of time t is shown as a solid line. The comparatively thick curve corresponds to the aggregate flexibility and the numbered curves #1, #2 and #n to the flexibilities of the vehicles 2 according to 2 .

The process step S4 according to the 10 , in which the battery charging system 5 determines a charging plan for at least some of the vehicles 2 depending on the available power and in particular the flexibilities, comprises an optimization O. The optimization O optimizes the charging plans for the vehicles 2 accordingly.

A large amount of information is provided to the optimization O. A first piece of information includes an estimated arrival time and an estimated charge level. A second piece of information includes the flexibilities of each of the vehicles 2. A third piece of information and a fourth piece of information each include one of the energy information items. The third piece of information includes, for example, a peak load at the first network node 15 and at the second network node 16. The fourth piece of information includes energy market marketing information and/or the system services called up. This information is provided to the optimization O.

Furthermore, the optimization O is provided with premises P, comprising vehicle and/or building information. The premises P include, for example, aging information of the battery of the vehicle 2, avoiding cycles of renegotiation of the requested power, avoiding long operating times.

If the optimization O is compatible with the premises P, an individual loading plan LP is created. If the optimization O is not compatible with the other premises P, the premises P are adjusted.

list of reference symbols

1

system

2

vehicle

3

Building

4

charging station

5

battery charging system

6

energy management system

7

central IT system

8

BEV OEM system

9

authentication and/or billing system

10

controlled consumer

11

uncontrolled consumer

12

energy producers

13

energy storage

14

electricity meter

15

first network node

16

second network node

17

power grid

18

network operator system

19

market access

20

energy market

21

energy supplier

22

external market participants

23

meter operator

24

distribution network operators

25

API

AK

arrival time

AWAY

departure time

SOC

state of charge

P

premises

O

optimization

LP

loading plan

I1..I4

information

S1..S11

procedural steps

Claims (10)

Method for charging a plurality of vehicles (2) by a battery charging system (5), comprising - determining, by the battery charging system (5), a flexibility for each of the vehicles (2), - transmitting, by the battery charging system (5), an aggregated flexibility, which comprises at least some of the flexibilities, to an energy management system (6) of a building (3), - receiving, by the battery charging system (5), a retrievable power from the energy management system (6) for charging the vehicles (2) depending on the aggregated flexibility, - determining, by the battery charging system (5), for at least some of the vehicles (2), a charging plan depending on the retrievable power, wherein - the vehicles (2) are charged depending on the charging plans. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein - the vehicles (2) are charged depending on an incentive table. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the flexibility is determined as a function of a predeterminable departure time and a predeterminable state of charge, and/or - the flexibility is determined as a function of an expected arrival time and an expected state of charge. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the retrievable power is dependent on at least one energy information item. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein - the energy information comprises at least one of the following information: energy availability, energy costs, peak loads of the building (3). Method according to the preceding claim, wherein - the energy information is provided to the battery charging system (5), - the energy information is representative of at least one predeterminable maximum load peak of the building (3), and - the charging plans are determined depending on the predeterminable maximum load peak of the building (3). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the charging plan for each of the vehicles (2) is determined depending on a premise, and - the retrievable power is changed depending on the fulfillment of the premise. System (1) for charging a plurality of vehicles (2) by a battery charging system (5) which is designed to carry out the method according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 to carry out. Computer program comprising instructions which, when the computer program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 to execute. Computer-readable storage medium on which the computer program is claim 9 is stored.

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