DE102015225858A1 - Switching valve, in particular for a hydraulic system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a switching valve (1, 1a), in particular for a hydraulic system of a motor vehicle, with a housing (2), with at least one main piston (3) displaceably arranged in the housing (2) and with at least one at least partially in the housing ( 2) slidably disposed Rastierkolben (4), wherein the housing (2) at least a first flow opening (5) and at least a second flow opening (6), wherein a main spring (7) between the housing (2) and the main piston (3) ), wherein in a closed switching position of the main piston (3) a flow connection between the first and the second flow opening (5, 6) is blocked and / or interrupted by the main piston (3) and in an open switching position of the main piston (3) a flow connection between the first and the second flow opening (5, 6) by the main piston (3) is at least partially possible, wherein the Rastierkol ben (4) is displaceable relative to the main piston (3) and at least partially an end portion (4a) of the Rastierkolbens in at least one end region (3a) of the main piston (3) movably arranged and / or stored, and wherein at least one Rastierfunktion is provided and wherein the main piston (3) by means of the Rastierfunktion in the open switching position or in the closed switching position is durable. The space, the control effort and the costs are reduced by the fact that the main piston (3) and the Rastierkolben (4) are functionally effectively coupled via a locking spring (8) and that by a displacement of the Rastierkolbens (4) relative to the main piston (3 ) the Rastierfunktion can be activated or deactivated.

Description

The invention relates to a switching valve, in particular for a hydraulic system of a motor vehicle according to the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

The switching valves known in the prior art, in particular electromagnetic switching valves, are arranged correspondingly in particular in a hydraulic system of a motor vehicle. Part of such gearshift valves, the gear selector of the transmission of the motor vehicle are hydraulically controlled, partly realized the cooling of the transmission and / or the clutch of the motor vehicle. Thus, known switching valves, which also have a Rastierfunktion, partly substantially generally as follows: In the housing of the switching valve, a housing arranged in the displaceable main piston and at least partially slidably disposed in the housing Rastierkolben is provided. The housing has at least a first and at least one second flow opening, wherein a main spring is provided effectively between the housing and the main piston. In the closed switching position of the main piston, the flow connection between the first and the second flow opening is blocked and / or interrupted by the main piston, wherein in an open switching position of the main piston, a flow connection between the first and the second flow opening is at least partially made possible by the main piston. The Rastierkolben is arranged displaceably relative to the main piston and at least partially an end portion of the Rastierkolbens is arranged movable and / or stored at least in an end region of the main piston. Finally, a Rastierfunktion already mentioned above is provided, wherein the main piston by means of the Rastierfunktion in the open switching position or in the closed switching position is durable, that is fixed in a certain position or latched accordingly, depending on the specific embodiment of the switching valve.

Thus, in the prior art, first from the DE 43 26 838 A1 an electromagnetic switching valve is known which has a resettable by spring armature. It is provided a latchable and latchable locking mechanism, which is arranged in mechanical operative connection with the armature. The anchor is in the latched state of the locking prevented from returning to its original position. The locking mechanism provided here is in principle designed as is also known for the feed mechanism of pens.

Furthermore, from the DE 10 2008 038 439 B3 a switching valve is known where a Rastierfunktion is realized by means of a rotatably mounted detent member and with the aid of an actuatable with a thrust Verdrehteils. During an actuation process, the latching part is rotated in order to realize a latching function.

Finally, out of the DE 10 2011 051 775 A1 a switching valve, from which the invention essentially proceeds, which has a main piston with a pressurized main piston and a partially mounted in the main piston Rastierkolben. The main piston is here preserved or latched in two Rastierpositionen, namely in the closed position and in the open switching position. The relevant components for the control of the switching valve are in particular hydraulically actuated, the structure of the known switching valve is on the one hand complex, on the other hand, this is suitable in particular but not for an electromagnetic switching valve.

The switching valves known in the prior art are not yet optimally designed. Although known in the prior art switching valves corresponding Rastierfunktionen, which then hold the main piston either in the open or in the closed switching position or even in both switching positions and then in this position so rest, but the known switching valves have corresponding disadvantages: On the one hand, the realization of the respective Rastierstellung is structurally complex and on the other hand, the hydraulic and / or electromagnetic control to release, so to deactivate an activated Rastierfunktion not only very complex, but requires a large amount of space. Sometimes additional separate control surfaces (with a hydraulic control) or even additional additional actuators are necessary, in electromagnetically designed switching valves, which must be controlled accordingly, in particular then two electromagnetically actuated actuators necessary. The latter not only requires a large amount of space, but also increases the associated cost accordingly.

The invention is therefore based on the object, the above-mentioned switching valve now such form and further that the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided, in particular the control effort for the activation and for the deactivation of a Rastierfunktion is reduced, especially in an electromagnetically designed switching valve control effort, the space requirement and the associated costs are reduced.

The aforementioned object is now achieved with the features of claim 1.

First, the main piston and the Rastierkolben are functionally effectively coupled together via a Rastierfeder, wherein the Rastierfunktion can be activated or deactivated by a displacement of the Rastierkolbens relative to the main piston. The Rastierfunktion can now be done in particular with the help of only one electromagnetic drive / actuator, which will be explained in more detail in detail. A second actuator, as hitherto in the prior art is no longer necessary, the control effort and costs are reduced.

The Rastierfunktion itself is realized in particular by means of at least one Rastierkugel preferably of several Rastierkugeln which can engage behind a housing arranged on the housing or formed Rastierring. In the respective Rastierposition the respective Rastierkugel is pushed or pushed over a ramp formed on the Rastierkolben, in particular in a relative movement of the Rastierkolbens to the main piston.

In particular, the switching valve is therefore also designed as an electromagnetic switching valve and has a movable or displaceable armature and an electromagnet. In particular, while the one end portion of the Rastierkolbens is coupled in particular one end portion of the main piston effective on the Rastierfeder, the other end portion of the Rastierkolbens is operatively connected to the armature and the Rastierkolben therefore actuated by the anchor accordingly. In the vicinity of the other end region of the main piston, a first and a second aperture is provided in the housing, wherein the opening cross section of the first aperture is greater than the opening cross section of the second aperture. About this arrangement and / or this design of the two differently designed panels, which are in particular each connected to a tank of the hydraulic system or connected, is in particular a movement of the main piston in the closed switching position and a movement of the main piston in the open switching position with respect to its movement speed controllable because different amounts of hydraulic fluid can be displaced via the first or second diaphragm. In this way, different movement sections of the main piston with different movement speeds can be realized in a simple and cost-effective manner, in particular a first movement section with a large movement speed of the main piston and a second movement section with a lower movement speed of the main piston.

The locking spring is arranged in particular in a recess of the main piston. In such an arrangement, no additional space for the arrangement of the locking spring is required. In particular, the main spring is effectively disposed between the other end portion of the main piston and an abutment piece formed or arranged on the housing. About the respective dimensions of the spring forces of the Rastierfeder and / or the main spring certain switching states are realized in a simple and cost-effective manner, which will also be explained in more detail below.

In particular, in the closed position of the main piston, the locking spring is compressed and the main spring in a prestressed state, wherein the particular electromagnetically designed switching valve then energized and the Rastierfunktion is disabled. In particular, this is the starting position of the switching valve designed according to the invention in its preferred embodiment.

Now, if in particular the electromagnetically designed switching valve is energized and / or an active actuation of the Rastierkolbens is realized, in particular a certain first actuating force acts so that the main piston and Rastierkolben in a first actuating direction substantially together are displaced and / or movable, comes an end portion of the Rastierkolbens directly to the main piston to the system or is here directly on, the main spring is then further compressed during the movement of the main piston in the first direction of actuation. The main piston is then displaced in particular into the open switching position, in particular with the aid of a first movement section with high movement speed and a second movement section with lower movement speed, which take place as a function of the realized by the first and second aperture different displacements of the hydraulic medium.

The Rastierkugel or the Rastierkugeln are arranged in respective recesses of the one end portion of the main piston. In the corresponding movement of the main piston therefore the respective Rastierkugel, if the locking function is deactivated, taken along, so in particular taken along in the common movement of the Rastierkolbens and the main piston in the first operating direction, wherein the main piston performs the aforementioned first and second movement section , If, however, the first actuating force provided on the main piston and on the locking piston falls away, in particular if an electromagnetic switching valve is de-energized, then the main piston and the detent piston are displaced or moved in a second actuation direction opposite to the first actuating direction, namely in particular as a function the spring force of the Rastierfeder and / or the Main spring or by the over the first and second aperture now realized hydraulic inflows and / or depending on the relaxation of the main spring. As a result, then moved in this case, the Rastierkolben faster than the main piston in the second direction of actuation, so that then the respective Rastierkugel can be pressed into a Rastierstellung on the ramp of the Rastierkolbens and then the Rastierfunktion is activated for the main piston. As a result, the main piston is then held in particular in the open switching position or is here rested (without the electromagnetic switching valve must then be energized further).

If the latching function is now activated, a second actuation force acts on the latching piston for displacing the latching piston in the first actuating direction to deactivate the latching function; in particular, the second actuating force is less than the first actuating force and is also implemented via the armature of an electromagnetically designed switching valve , First, the Rastierkolben is then moved relative to the main piston in the first direction of actuation, wherein the Rastierfeder is compressed. However, by the relative movement of the Rastierkolbens to the main piston then the respective Rastierkugel from the Rastierstellung releasably or in the Rastierstellung not blocked by the ramp of the Rastierkolbens. In particular, the second actuating force is less than the spring force of the main spring in the compressed state, so that the main piston is movable in the second direction of actuation and then the respective Rastierkugel from the Rastierstellung hereby herausdrückbar or herauslösbar. In other words, the main piston moves relatively opposite to the short previous direction of movement of the Rastierkolbens, whereby the Rastierkugeln, which are mounted in the recesses of the main piston, are displaced due to the movement of the main piston from its Rastierstellung under the Rastierring. Here, the locking spring is compressed, wherein finally one end portion of the Rastierkolbens comes directly to the main piston to the plant and finally then the main piston and the Rastierkolben moves in the second direction of actuation. In the end, the main piston itself is thus even spent in the closed switching position and also the Rastierkolben in particular with the anchor is then displaced into a corresponding starting position.

The locking function is therefore activated or deactivated in the preferred embodiment of the switching valve, in particular with only one electromechanically designed actuator, wherein in particular the specific size of the first and second actuating force via the energization of the electromechanical switching valve can be adjusted accordingly.

The switching valve according to the invention is designed in particular as a two-way valve or as a three-way valve, in particular depending on the specific application as a multi-way valve. In particular, the switching valve according to the invention can have additional control pressure openings and / or other components, in particular as a function of the respective specific use.

As a result, the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided and corresponding advantages are achieved.

There are now a variety of ways to design the switching valve according to the invention in an advantageous manner and further. For this purpose, reference may first be made to the claims subordinate to claim 1. In the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings and the accompanying description may now be explained in more detail. In the drawing shows:

1 in a schematic representation, partially cut from the side of an inventive switching valve, in particular designed as an electromagnetic switching valve in a starting position with representation of the essential components,

2 in a schematic representation of the opening process of in 1 shown switching valve at a first time, where the Rastierfunktion is still disabled,

3 in a schematic representation of the opening process of in 1 illustrated switching valve at a second time, where the Rastierfunktion is still disabled,

4 in a schematic representation of the opening process of in 1 illustrated switching valve at a third time, where the Rastierkolben is moved relative to the main piston and the Rastierfunktion is thus activated accordingly,

5 in a schematic representation of the opening process of in 1 illustrated switching valve at a fourth time, wherein the Rastierfunktion is activated, namely the main piston is held in particular in the open switching position or is locked,

6 in a schematic representation of the closing of the in 5 illustrated switching valve, wherein at a first time the Rastierkolben is moved relative to the main piston to disable the Rastierfunktion

7 in a schematic representation of the closing of the in 5 illustrated switching valve, wherein at a second time the main piston is moved relative to the Rastierkolben, wherein the Rastierfunktion is deactivated and the main piston is moved relative to the Rastierkolben accordingly to move the Rastierkugeln under the Rastierring, and

8th in a schematic representation of the closing of the in 5 illustrated switching valve, wherein at a third time the main piston has been moved in particular in the closed switching position.

The 1 to 8th show a switching valve 1 , in particular an electromagnetic switching valve 1a in respective schematic representation in different switching positions. The switching valve shown in the figures 1 is particularly designed for a hydraulic system of a motor vehicle or usable here / suitable, but other applications are conceivable. In the preferred embodiment, the switching valve 1 as electromagnetic switching valve 1a , Especially designed as a two-way valve.

The switching valve 1 . 1a initially has a housing 2 on. Furthermore, the switching valve 1 . 1a at least one in the housing 2 displaceable or movable arranged main piston 3 and at least one at least partially in the housing 2 displaceable or movably arranged Rastierkolben 4 on. The housing 2 has at least one first flow opening 5 and a second flow opening 6 on. In the preferred here in the 1 to 8th illustrated embodiment, the first flow opening is in particular connected to the tank / sump of a hydraulic system, wherein the second flow opening 6 the hydraulic system can be supplied with hydraulic fluid.

A mainspring 7 is effective between the housing 2 and the main piston 3 provided (in the 1 to 8th recognizable or represented on the right).

In the closed position of the main piston 3 , wherein the completely closed switching position of the main piston 3 in the 1 and 8th is shown, is a flow connection between the first and the second flow opening 5 and 6 through the main piston 3 essentially completely blocked and / or interrupted. The 1 and the 8th show that an outer portion or - another - end 3b of the main piston 3 the second flow opening 6 closes accordingly. In an open switching position of the main piston 3 is a flow connection between the first and second flow openings 5 and 6 through the main piston 3 at least partially possible.

So show the 2 to 7 different switching positions of the main piston 3 where a flow connection between the first and second flow openings 5 and 6 is at least partially possible, in particular the second flow opening 6 by an outer portion, in particular the - other - end portion 3b of the main piston 3 at least not completely closed, so that between the first and second flow opening 5 and 6 corresponding hydraulic fluid can flow. This flow connection is then in particular due to the positioning of a recess 3c of the main piston 3 , as shown in the figures realized.

The locking piston 4 is displaceable relative to the main piston (or vice versa, the main piston 3 is to Rastierkolben 4 relatively displaceable) arranged. So at least partially an end area 4a of Rastierkolbens 4 in particular in at least one end region 3a of the main piston 3 movably arranged and / or stored. Furthermore, at least one Rastierfunktion is now provided, wherein the main piston 3 with the help of the Rastierfunktion in the open switching position or in the closed switching position durable or can be locked (depending on the specific embodiment of the switching valve according to the invention 1 ).

At the here in the 1 to 8th illustrated preferred embodiment of the switching valve 1 is the main piston 3 held with the help of Rastierfunktion especially in the open switching position or is latched or locked in this open switching position, as in the 5 shown.

The disadvantages mentioned above are now initially avoided by the fact that the main piston 3 and the locking piston 4 functionally effective via a locking spring 8th are coupled together and that by a displacement of the Rastierkolbens 4 relative to the main piston 3 the Rastierfunktion can be activated or deactivated. In particular, thereby the switching valve 1 , In particular, the electromagnetically designed switching valve 1a be operated with only one electromagnetic actuator, so that the aforementioned disadvantages avoided and corresponding advantages are achieved. In particular, corresponding space can be saved as well, the electrical power requirement is also reduced, therefore, in particular in the operation of the motor vehicle, there is therefore less operating costs, ie lower fuel consumption and lower pollutant emissions. A continuous power of the particular electromagnetically designed switching valve 1a and / or other actuators and / or complex mechanical Locking devices when the switching valve 1 In another embodiment, in particular, is designed only as a hydraulically controllable switching valve, are not necessary to the main piston 3 in a certain switching position, in particular to hold or to lock in the open switching position, this may now be explained in more detail below:
The Rastierfunktion is now with the help of at least one Rastierkugel 9 , in particular with the help of several Rastierkugeln 9 , with the help of one on the housing 2 arranged or on the housing 2 trained locking ring 10 and / or with the help of a Rastierkolben 4 trained ramp 11 feasible or realized. The activation and deactivation of the detent function may be described below using the 1 to 8th be explained in more detail, wherein the 1 a starting position of the switching valve 1 . 1a show the 2 to 4 the opening operation of the switching valve 1 . 1a namely, the movement of the main piston 3 pointing in the direction of its open switching position, and 5 the main piston 3 in an open switching state, but where the main piston 3 is latched, ie the Rastierfunktion is activated accordingly. The 6 to 8th then clarify the closing of the switching valve 1 . 1a So the movement of the main piston 3 from its open switching position in its closed switching position or the deactivation of the Rastierfunktion using the relative to the main piston 3 movably arranged Rastierkolbens 4 ,

In principle, the preferred embodiment of the switching valve 1 as an electromagnetic switching valve 1a trained switching valve 1 , The electromagnetically designed switching valve 1a therefore has a movable or displaceable anchor 12 and an electromagnet 13 as an actuator. The one end area 4a of Rastierkolbens 4 is about the Rastierfeder 8th with the main piston 3 , in particular the one end area 3a of the main piston 3 effectively coupled, now the other end 4b of Rastierkolbens 4 with the anchor 12 is effective, in particular firmly connected, as can be seen from the figures.

As the 1 to 8th continue to show are in the housing 2 , namely in particular in the surrounding area of the other end region 3b of the main piston 3 a first and a second aperture 14 and 15 intended. The opening cross section of the first panel 14 is larger than the opening area of the second panel 15 , Since the opening cross-section of the first panel 14 is greater than the opening cross section of the second panel 15 can during a movement of the main piston 3 if the first aperture 14 not through the outer section or through the other end section 3b of the main piston 3 is closed, correspondingly more hydraulic fluid to be displaced or correspondingly more flow, in particular both diaphragms, the first and second aperture 14 and 15 connected to the tank of a hydraulic circuit. At the moment where the first aperture 14 through the outer portion or through the other end portion 3b is closed and only the second aperture 15 is available for displacement or to the Nachströmung of hydraulic fluid is then the movement of the main piston 3 slows down accordingly then when the first iris 14 is open, this may at this point to understand the in the 1 to 8th also shown movements are generally preceded at this point.

As the 1 to 8th further show now is the Rastierfeder 8th in a recess 3d of the main piston 3 arranged, with the main spring 7 effective between the other end region 3b of the main piston 3 and one on the case 2 trained or arranged abutment piece 16 is arranged.

In the in 1 illustrated switching position / initial position of the switching valve 1 . 1a is in the preferred embodiment shown here, where the main piston 3 in the closed position, the Rastierfeder stands 8th now compressed, with the main spring 7 is in a prestressed state and the electromagnetically designed switching valve 1a is not energized. In this state the locking function is deactivated. The Rastierkugeln 9 lie on the inner circumference of the Rastierringes 10 or are just not in their Rastierstellung. In the de-energized state of the electromagnetically designed switching valve 1a , as in 1 shown is the electromagnet 13 unmounted and the anchor 12 is on the left side of a wall 17 at. In particular, by the spring force of the main spring 7 goes out, is the Rastierfeder 8th compressed accordingly. How out 1 therefore, it is apparent that the Rastierfeder 8th compressed accordingly, with the front end portion 4a , in particular the end wall of the end region 4a of Rastierkolbens 4 then directly with a heel of the main piston 3 or a paragraph of the one end region 3a of the main piston 3 in contact. In the in 1 illustrated state where the main piston 3 is in the closed switching position, are the opening cross-sections of the first and second aperture 14 and 15 free, wherein the opening cross-section of the second flow opening 6 is closed.

The 2 to 4 now show the opening process of the switching valve 1 . 1a :
When energizing the switching valve 1a , in particular with 1500 mA and / or by an active actuation of the Rastierkolbens 4 with a certain first operating force are now the main piston 3 and the locking piston 4 in a first actuating direction (in the 2 to 4 from left to right) essentially initially together movable or movable. When energizing the switching valve 1a becomes the anchor 12 shifted from left to right, with one end area 4a of Rastierkolbens 4 directly at the one end area 3a or a paragraph of the main piston 3 abuts and the Rastierkolben 4 hence the main piston 3 from left to right with shifts. This is the mainspring 7 namely, during the corresponding movement of the main piston 3 from left to right (in the "first direction of actuation") further compressed. In a first movement section of the Rastierkolbens 4 / Main piston 3 The hydraulic fluid is then through the first and through the second aperture 14 and 15 displaced so that the Rastierkolben 4 and the main piston 3 can be moved relatively quickly from left to right (cf. 2 ). In a second movement section, in particular shown in 3 becomes the opening area of the first panel 14 through a section or the other end region 3b of the main piston 3 closed, so that now less hydraulic fluid can be displaced or only hydraulic fluid through the second panel 15 is displaceable. Therefore, the movement of the main piston 3 in its second movement section, shown in 3 , slowed down accordingly. Nonetheless, the main piston 3 Here in the preferred embodiment in the direction of its open switching position further shifted, as in 3 or represented in the figures by the arrows.

The Rastierkugel 9 or the respective Rastierkugeln 9 are in an unspecified recess or in a corresponding plurality of unspecified recesses of the one end portion 3a of the main piston 3 arranged or stored here, as shown in FIGS .. During the movement of the main piston 3 in the 2 to 3 from left to right, namely in its first operating direction, the respective Rastierkugeln 9 , in particular in the common movement of the Rastierkolbens 4 and the main piston 3 in the first actuating direction (from left to right) through the aforementioned recesses during the first and also during the second movement section of the main piston 3 taken along or are mitführbar / mitnehmbar. The 2 and 3 Therefore, also show the movement of Rastierkugeln 9 left to right.

4 now shows the de-energized switching valve 1 . 1a during the opening process, but in the absence of the first on the Rastierkolben 4 or on the main piston 3 acting, in particular by the anchor 12 caused actuation force. In the in 4 illustrated de-energized state of the switching valve 1 . 1a therefore falls on the Rastierkolben 4 over the anchor 12 previously applied first actuating force away. Hereupon now the Rastierkolben 4 and also the main piston 3 in an opposite to the first - now the second direction of movement (namely now from right to left) moved or moved here or begins this shift in the second direction of actuation. Due to the spring force of the Rastierfeder 8th and / or the mainspring 7 and / or the through the first and second aperture 14 and 15 now realized hydraulic inflows moves the Rastierkolben 4 from right to left now faster than the main piston 3 in the second direction of actuation. This is in 4 particular to recognize that now an axial distance between the front end 4a of Rastierkolbens 4 and the paragraph of the end area 3a of the main piston 3 , which has previously served for direct contact with the Rastierkolben, is shown clearly. During the movement of the locking piston 4 but from right to left is now over the ramp 11 the respective Rastierkugel 9 or the respective Rastierkugeln 9 spent in their respective Rastierstellung or pressed, in particular radially outward. This will be the Rastierfunktion for the main piston 3 activated. The Rastierkugeln 9 then lie in a corresponding recess of the housing 2 at the locking ring 10 on, as in 5 shown. 5 therefore shows the latched main piston 3 , in particular in its open switching position, where the first and second flow openings 5 and 6 are fluidically connected and the flow connection between the two flow openings 5 and 6 is made possible accordingly, the main piston 3 but is in this position rastiert. 5 therefore also shows the de-energized state of the switching valve 1a In particular, the Rastierfunktion is due to the spring forces, in particular due to the main spring 7 holding the main piston 3 pushes from right to left and thus the respective Rastierkugeln 9 against the locking ring 10 Press, maintained or even from Rastierkolben 4 that's about the detent spring 8th is pressed from right to left and over the ramp 11 the respective Rastierkugeln 9 press in their Rastierstellungen, as well as off 5 seen. In particular, the anchor is 12 in 5 again on the wall 17 then on.

The 6 to 8th now show the closing of the switching valve 1 . 1a or the deactivation of the Rastierfunktion.

6 shows still the activated Rastierfunktion at the beginning of the deactivation. In 6 now becomes the switching valve 1a energized accordingly, in particular with 750 mA. This creates a second actuating force on the Rastierkolben 4 for shifting the Rastierkolbens 4 in the first operating direction (from left to right) acts. This will then first the Rastierkolben 4 relative to the main piston 3 moved in the first direction of actuation (from left to right) and the Rastierfeder 8th compressed accordingly. The on the Rastierkolben 4 acting second actuating force is sufficient to the Rastierfeder 8th to compress and the Rastierkolben 4 to move from left to right. This shifts so relative to the main piston 3 , As a result, now the respective Rastierkugel 9 detachable from their Rastierstellung or the respective Rastierkugel 9 then no longer blocked in their respective Rastierstellung, as well as the ramp 11 of Rastierkolbens 4 is pushed from left to right.

7 shows the partially radially inwardly shifted Rastierkugeln 9 , when moved to the right (see also 6 ) Locking piston 4 , In particular, the second actuating force is less than the first actuating force, in particular, the electromechanical switching valve 1a therefore also energized accordingly. The second operating force is also lower than the spring force of the main spring 7 in the compressed state, leaving the main piston 3 now in the second direction of actuation (from right to left) is movable and the respective Rastierkugel 9 from the respective now unblocked Rastierstellung thereby herausdrückbar or is herauslösbar, as in 7 shown. During the movement of the main piston 3 From right to left, this hydraulic fluid passes through the second orifice 15 after, by the current movement of the main piston 3 in the second direction of actuation, the respective Rastierkugel 9 under the locking ring 10 is displaceable, as in particular in 8th shown.

8th now shows that at the corresponding further movement of the main piston 3 especially if now the main piston 3 also faster in the second direction of actuation is movable because the first panel 14 then is exposed and can flow according to more hydraulic fluid, now the locking spring 8th is further compressed. The power of the main spring 7 is larger than that of the anchor 12 or the Rastierkolbens 4 , so the main piston pushes 3 the Rastierkolben 4 with the anchor 12 back to the left in the starting position. Here is the one end 4a of Rastierkolbens 4 in particular directly at the one end area 3a or the corresponding paragraph of the main piston 3 on, in which case the main piston 3 the Rastierkolben 4 with in the second direction of actuation (from right to left) moves. At the end of the movement is in particular the main piston 3 even moved to its closed switching position or the Rastierkolben 4 is with the anchor 12 been moved to its original position, as in 8th (or in 1 ).

The switching valve according to the invention 1 or the preferably electromagnetically designed switching valve 1a is in particular designed as a two-way valve, but can also be designed as a three-way valve, in particular, according to additional additional control pressure openings can be provided which also in the 1 to 8th clearly visible, but are not specified here.

It is also conceivable that in the 1 to 8th illustrated switching valve 1 not with an anchor 12 and / or electromagnets 13 is controlled, but hydraulically via a corresponding hydraulic control device. It is essential that on the relative displaceability of Rastierkolbens 4 to the main piston 3 the Rastierfunktion can be activated or deactivated, as described above. The main piston 3 can then be preserved or latched as in the preferred embodiment here in an open switch position by the activated Rastierfunktion or - alternatively - be durable or latchable in a closed switch position, depending on the specific design / application of the switching valve according to the invention 1 . 1a ,

As a result, the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided and achieved corresponding advantages.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 switching valve

1a

electromagnetic switching valve

2

 casing

3

 main piston

3a

end

3b

other end area

3c

recess

3d

recess

4

 Rastierkolben

4a

end

4b

other end area

5

 first flow opening

6

 second flow opening

7

 mainspring

8th

 detent spring

9

 Rastierkugel

10

Rastierring

11

ramp

12

anchor

13

electromagnet

14

first aperture

15

 second aperture

16

Support portion

17

 wall

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 4326838 A1 [0003]
• DE 102008038439 B3 [0004]
• DE 102011051775 A1 [0005]

Claims (15)

Switching valve ( 1 . 1a ), in particular for a hydraulic system of a motor vehicle, with a housing ( 2 ), with at least one in the housing ( 2 ) slidably arranged main piston ( 3 ) and at least one at least partially in the housing ( 2 ) displaceably arranged Rastierkolben ( 4 ), the housing ( 2 ) at least one first flow opening ( 5 ) and at least one second flow opening ( 6 ), wherein a main spring ( 7 ) effectively between the housing ( 2 ) and the main piston ( 3 ) is provided, wherein in a closed switching position of the main piston ( 3 ) a flow connection between the first and the second flow opening ( 5 . 6 ) through the main piston ( 3 ) is blocked and / or interrupted and in an open switching position of the main piston ( 3 ) a flow connection between the first and the second flow opening ( 5 . 6 ) through the main piston ( 3 ) is at least partially possible, wherein the Rastierkolben ( 4 ) relative to the main piston ( 3 ) is displaceable and at least partially an end region ( 4a ) of the Rastierkolbens in at least one end region ( 3a ) of the main piston ( 3 ) is movably arranged and / or stored, and wherein at least one Rastierfunktion is provided and wherein the main piston ( 3 ) is durable by means of the Rastierfunktion in the open switching position or in the closed switching position, characterized in that the main piston ( 3 ) and the Rastierkolben ( 4 ) functionally effective via a locking spring ( 8th ) are coupled together and that by a displacement of the Rastierkolbens ( 4 ) relative to the main piston ( 3 ) the Rastierfunktion can be activated or deactivated. Switching valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the Rastierfunktion by means of at least one Rastierkugel ( 9 ), one on the housing ( 2 ) or on the housing ( 2 ) formed locking ring ( 10 ) and / or one on Rastierkolben ( 4 ) trained ramp ( 11 ) is feasible. Switching valve according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the switching valve ( 1 ) as electromagnetic switching valve ( 1a ), namely a movable or displaceable armature ( 12 ) and an electromagnet ( 13 ), and that the other end region ( 4b ) of Rastierkolbens ( 4 ) with the anchor ( 12 ) is effectively connected. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the housing ( 2 ) in the vicinity of the other end region ( 3b ) of the main piston ( 3 ) a first and a second aperture ( 14 . 15 ) are provided, wherein the opening cross-section of the first panel ( 14 ) is greater than the opening cross section of the second diaphragm ( 15 ). Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking spring ( 8th ) in a recess ( 3d ) of the main piston ( 3 ) and that the main spring ( 7 ) effectively between the other end region ( 3b ) of the main piston ( 3 ) and one on the housing ( 2 ) formed or arranged counter-bearing piece ( 16 ) is arranged. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the closed switching position of the main piston ( 3 ) the locking spring ( 8th ), the mainspring ( 7 ) in a prestressed state and the electromagnetically designed switching valve ( 1a ) is de-energized, with the Rastierfunktion is disabled. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the switching valve is energized ( 1a ) and / or by an active actuation of the Rastierkolbens ( 4 ) with a certain first actuating force of the main pistons ( 3 ) and the Rastierkolben ( 4 ) are substantially jointly displaceable and / or movable in a first actuating direction, wherein the one end region ( 4a ) of Rastierkolbens ( 4 ) directly on the main piston ( 3 ), and wherein the main spring ( 7 ) during the movement of the main piston ( 3 ) is further compressed in the first actuating direction, wherein in a first movement section, a hydraulic fluid through the first and through the second diaphragm ( 14 . 15 ) and in a second movement section only through the second diaphragm ( 15 ) is displaceable, in particular the main piston ( 3 ) is displaceable in the open switching position. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Rastierkugel ( 9 ) or the Rastierkugeln ( 9 ) in a recess or in recesses of the one end region ( 3a ) of the main piston ( 3 ) is arranged or are. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective Rastierkugel ( 9 ) during the common movement of the Rastierkolbens ( 4 ) and the main piston ( 3 ) Is in the first direction of actuation by the respective recess during the first and the second movement portion with feasible or are. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, however, when the first actuating force of the main pistons ( 3 ) and the Rastierkolben ( 4 ) are displaceable and / or movable in a second actuation direction opposite to the first actuation direction, wherein due to the spring force of the detent spring ( 8th ) and / or the main spring ( 7 ) and / or by the first and second aperture ( 14 . 15 ) realized Hydraulic inflows then the Rastierkolben ( 4 ) faster than the main piston ( 3 ) is movable in the second direction of actuation, so that then over the ramp ( 11 ) the respective Rastierkugel ( 9 ) can be pressed in a Rastierstellung and then the Rastierfunktion for the main piston ( 3 ) is activated, in particular then the main piston ( 3 ) is held in the open switching position. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when activated Rastierfunktion for deactivating the Rastierfunktion a second actuating force on the Rastierkolben ( 4 ) for the displacement of the Rastierkolbens ( 4 ) acts in the first direction of actuation, in which case first the Rastierkolben ( 4 ) relative to the main piston ( 3 ) moved in the first direction of actuation and the Rastierfeder ( 8th ) is compressed, so that the respective Rastierkugel ( 9 ) is detachable from the Rastierstellung or is no longer blocked here. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second actuating force is less than the first actuating force, in particular the electromechanical switching valve ( 1a ) is energized accordingly. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second actuating force is less than the spring force of the main spring ( 7 ) in the compressed state, so that the main piston ( 3 ) is movable in the second actuating direction and the respective Rastierkugel ( 9 ) herausdrückbar from the Rastierposition hereby or is releasable. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by the movement of the main piston ( 3 ) in the second actuating direction the respective Rastierkugel ( 9 ) under the locking ring ( 10 ) is displaceable, wherein the Rastierfeder ( 8th ) and one end region ( 4a ) of Rastierkolbens ( 4 ) directly on the main piston ( 3 ) comes to rest, in which case the main piston ( 3 ) also the Rastierkolben ( 4 ) moves in the second direction of actuation, in particular the main piston ( 3 ) is displaceable even in the closed switching position and / or the Rastierkolben ( 4 ) in particular with the anchor ( 12 ) is displaceable in a starting position or are. Switching valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching valve ( 1 . 1a ) is designed as a 2-way valve or as a three-way valve and / or additionally has control pressure openings.

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