DE102011016070A1 - Air conditioning system for motor car, has capacitor and coolant-side working vaporizer that exchange heat between refrigerant circuits, where one of refrigerant circuits comprises circulating pump and heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The system (1) has a refrigerant circuit (2) comprising a compressor (20), a capacitor (21), an expansion valve (27) and a coolant-side working vaporizer (22). Another refrigerant circuit (3) comprises a circulating pump (32) and a heat exchanger (30). The capacitor and the coolant-side working vaporizer exchange heat between the refrigerant circuits. An air side working vaporizer (23) of the former refrigerant circuit exchanges the heat with cabin air flow, where refrigerant flow in the coolant-side vaporizer is more controllable than refrigerant flow in the air-side vaporizer.

Description

The invention relates to an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle having the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

Such an air conditioning system is in the DE 10 2007 004 979 A1 disclosed. This air conditioning system of a motor vehicle has a refrigeration system with a refrigerant circuit, in which a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator are arranged. Furthermore, the air conditioning system to a coolant circuit with a circulation pump and a plurality of heat exchangers, which is provided for cooling of units of the vehicle. The air conditioning system is provided in addition to the actual air conditioning function in the vehicle ventilation for cooling a vehicle battery. For this purpose, the refrigeration cycle comprises an evaporator integrated in the battery and an expansion element arranged upstream of this evaporator, and a refrigeration cycle running via this evaporator with a condenser through which coolant flows and a pump conveying the condensed refrigerant to the evaporator. Thereby, the battery can be cooled by operation of the refrigeration system or separately by the associated condenser and the refrigerant pump which are coupled to the coolant circuit and the associated radiator.

The object of the invention is to provide an air conditioning system that allows particularly effective cooling and heating functions as possible.

The object is achieved by an air conditioning system having the features of patent claim 1. Such an air conditioning system with a refrigerant circuit and at least one coolant circuit has a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator in the refrigerant circuit. In the coolant circuit, at least one circulation pump and a heat exchanger are provided. In this case, the refrigerant circuit has a condenser and an evaporator, which both exchange heat between the refrigerant circuit and at least one coolant circuit. In this way, in this air-conditioning system, the refrigerant circuit can both cool and heat the coolant circuit without switching through flow-through sequences and thus serve the coolant circuit both as a heat source and as a heat sink for the refrigerant circuit. By this basic design particularly versatile, efficient and powerful cooling, heating and preheating functions can be made possible in a particularly simple arrangements of a device. In this case, the associated arrangements may be provided as a fixed device or be flexibly controllable by switching one or more circuits by means of valves.

In order to advantageously provide a particularly integrative embodiment of the air conditioning system, at least two coolant circuits are provided, wherein a first coolant circuit comprises the condenser and a second coolant circuit comprises the evaporator. Thus, in each case the evaporator can be connected to be cooled and the condenser to be heated or heat dissipating units of the coolant circuit.

An embodiment of the air conditioning system has a refrigeration cycle with a second evaporator, which can be flowed through for heat exchange with air, wherein the refrigerant flow of the water-side evaporator and / or the evaporator acting on the air side can be controlled. This makes it possible to operate the refrigerant circuit to provide a conventional air conditioning function with an air-side evaporator and thereby allow further cooling and / or heating functions. In this operation, heat can be supplied via the condenser to a coolant circuit and, if appropriate, heat can be extracted from a further coolant circuit simultaneously in a mixed operation via the likewise coolant-side evaporator which is also acted upon. In the respective coolant circuits corresponding cooling units, such as the radiator to be cooled units such as power electronics, heating units, such as an electric drive motor or devices to be heated, such as a cold drive battery can be integrated. By a controllability of the refrigerant-side evaporator and / or the air-side evaporator optionally, together with a power control of the refrigerant compressor, the loading of the two evaporators can be adjusted to cooling or heating requirement on the connected units and comfort requirements in the vehicle interior.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the refrigerant flow, preferably circulated by a refrigerant compressor and compressed passes through the capacitor. In this case, at the same time a coolant circuit with a circulation pump, the condenser and a cooler in operation and flows through a coolant flow. By means of this operating arrangement of the refrigerant circuit and the coolant circuit, a particularly high cooling capacity can be implemented on the condenser, which enables a particularly high cooling capacity and effectiveness of the refrigeration system. Furthermore, it is possible to dispense with the customary air-side condenser in the air inlet region of the engine compartment, so that there are advantages for installation space and design. This arrangement can be used to represent an air conditioning function with a arranged in the refrigerant circuit be provided on the air side evaporator, which allows a particularly powerful and efficient cooling of the vehicle interior. Alternatively, the refrigerant flow of the condenser can also enforce the coolant-side evaporator alone or in combination with the air-side evaporator and thus enable a particularly powerful cooling function for units of the vehicle.

In order to achieve the advantage in an embodiment of the air conditioning system to integrate additional functions and in particular to require fewer components and thus costs and space for separate cooling devices, it is provided that in a coolant circuit in parallel and / or in series with the capacitor at least one other is arranged to be cooled unit of the motor vehicle. In this case, the coolant circuit may be provided, for example, for cooling the unit by means of the radiator. Furthermore, the heat dissipated at the condenser can also be used to heat an aggregate.

An advantageous embodiment of the air conditioning system has a shut off against the radiator coolant circuit having at least one circulation pump, a drive battery and / or an electric drive motor. This makes it possible to dissipate the heat generated at a drive battery or an associated electric motor via the coolant circuit of these components for use in heating functions. In addition, a power electronics of the electric motor can be flowed through as a further heat source. For a particularly low-consumption heating operation, the cabin heat exchanger for heating the cabin air can be arranged in this coolant circuit. Furthermore, the drive battery and / or the electric drive motor, for example, in a plug-in operation and / or charging the battery can be preheated, for example, an electric reactive power applied electric motor or an on-board charger can serve as heating or additional heating ,

In one embodiment of the air conditioning system, it is provided that in the closed against the radiator coolant circuit of the above-described embodiment, the at least one circulating pump, a drive battery and / or an electric drive motor, the coolant side evaporator is arranged and flowed through. In this case, the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioning system can be used as a heat pump. This has the particular advantage that, for a particular effectiveness of the system, the heat to be cooled units at relatively low temperatures dissipated for use and thereby loss heat dissipation and radiation can be greatly reduced.

In one embodiment of the air conditioning system, in which in a shut off against the radiator coolant circuit having at least one circulation pump, a drive battery and / or an electric drive motor and optionally the coolant side evaporator, it is provided that the capacitor is also arranged in this coolant circuit. This results in the advantage that the refrigeration system can be operated in the heat pump process, in which heat energy is generated by a high-loss circulation operation. If the refrigeration system works as a heater, it can, for example, preheat the battery and / or the electric motor during plug-in operation.

An embodiment of the air conditioning system has a coolant circuit in which a cabin air side acting heat exchanger is integrated. It is advantageous that heat available on the coolant side can be used in a particularly simple, effective and flexible manner for heating the vehicle cabin. In particular, this efficient heating functions are possible without additional components in which heat-emitting components are connected directly by means of the coolant circuit or indirectly, for example via a heat pump to the heat exchanger. By switching shut-off valves different coolant circuits are controllable. If the coolant circuit of the cabin heat exchanger additionally has a circulation pump and the condenser, wherein a refrigerant circuit acted upon by a refrigerant flow has at least the compressor and the coolant side and / or the air side evaporator, a heat pump which heats particularly effectively can be operated.

In order to advantageously enable a particularly flexible air conditioning system, a low-temperature coolant circuit is provided the shut-off valves or change-over valves, such as three-way valves. At least two coolant circuits, in particular two coolant circuits described above, are partial circuits of the low-temperature coolant circuit, from which these can be separated by the valves with separate coolant flows. As a result, components of the air conditioning system can synergistically fulfill several functions of different operating conditions.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the drawing and its description in which an embodiment of the air conditioning system is shown in different operating conditions. Showing:

1 An embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a summer and transient operation with battery cooling via chiller,

2 the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a summer and transitional operation with battery cooling via radiator,

3 the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a winter operation with ambient heat pump,

4 the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for winter operation with NT waste heat pump,

5 the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a winter operation NT waste heat heat pump in serial connection of the units,

6 the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a winter operation with direct heating,

7 the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a winter plug-in operation with aggregate preheating

8th the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a winter plug-in operation with cabin preheating

9 the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a summer plug-in operation with battery charging,

10 the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a summer plug-in operation with battery charging with a cool battery,

The 1 to 10 show a substantially same embodiment of an air conditioning system 1 that has a refrigerant circuit 2 and a low temperature (NT) coolant loop 3 features. The air conditioning system is so in both circuits with shut-off valves 24 . 25 and 40 to 48 equipped so that all coolant circuits 50 to 62 of the NT refrigerant circuit 3 and the two subcircuits of the refrigerant circuit 2 can be switched on shut-off and opening valves. The coolant circuits 50 to 62 And variants of the refrigerant circuit can also be designed depending on the functional requirements as a single closed circuits or with less switching variance switchable circuits.

The embodiment of the air conditioning system 1 has a refrigerant circuit 2 in which an electrically operating refrigerant compressor 20 is arranged. Downstream of the refrigerant compressor 20 is a coolant-cooled condenser 21 intended. Downstream of the capacitor 21 the refrigerant circuit branches into a strand with a coolant side acting evaporator 22 , which is provided for the heat exchange between refrigerant and coolant, and a strand with an air side acting evaporator 23 which cools air which is supplied to a vehicle cabin. In this case, the air-side evaporator 23 be traversed by fresh air and / or circulating air. The two strands are downstream with the suction side of the refrigerant compressor 20 connected and thus form two partial circuits of the refrigerant circuit 2 , In the strand of the air-side evaporator 23 is a shut-off valve 24 and upstream of the evaporator 23 an expansion organ 26 arranged. In the strand of the coolant-side evaporator 22 is a shut-off valve 25 and upstream of the evaporator 22 an expansion organ 27 arranged. The two subcircuits of the refrigerant circuit 2 are by controlling the performance of the refrigerant compressor 20 and over the valves 24 to 27 controllable in their respective functional performance.

The NT coolant circuit 3 the air conditioning system 1 has a coolant circuit 50 with a cooler 31 , the coolant-side condenser 21 to which a circulating pump 32 is assigned, an electric motor 37 and power electronics 36 on. The power electronics 36 serves to control the electric motor 37 ,

The coolant circuit 50 points between the radiator 31 and the capacitor 21 associated circulation pump 32 a valve 40 and downstream of the valve 40 a branch, in which parallel to power electronics 36 , Electric drive motor 37 and coolers 31 a cabin heat exchanger 30 is arranged, by means of a valve 41 can be locked. It is thus a coolant circuit 52 operable, with the valve closed 40 the cabin heat exchanger 30 , the associated valve 41 that the capacitor 21 associated circulating pump 32 and the capacitor 21 having. The the capacitor 21 associated circulating pump 32 can when the valve is open 40 Coolant from the direction of the radiator 31 and / or with the valve open 41 from the direction of the cabin heat exchanger to the condenser 21 promote it.

The NT coolant circuit 3 has an in 2 shown coolant circuit 51 on, in parallel to the capacitor 21 and the circulation pump 32 a three-way valve 48 , one of a drive battery 34 associated circulating pump 33 , the drive battery 34 , the power electronics 36 , the electric motor 37 and the radiator 31 are arranged. The three-way valve 48 is on the suction side of the circulation pump 33 the drive battery 34 connected by switching the input side of the three-way valve 48 either at a branch on the coolant circuit 50 between cooler 31 and capacitor 21 or at the outlet of the evaporator acting on the coolant side 22 is connectable. On the downstream side is the circulation pump 33 on the upstream side of the drive battery 34 connected. The flow through the drive battery 34 is by means of a valve 45 shut off. At the downstream side of the drive battery 34 is the upstream side of the evaporator acting on the coolant side 22 and by means of a valve 47 Lockable upstream side of power electronics 36 and the downstream of the power electronics 36 arranged electric drive motor 37 connected.

One by means of a valve 43 Lockable overflow line from the downstream side of the circulation pump 33 to the downstream side of the coolant-side evaporator 22 can apply these flows backwards through the circulation pump.

A line in which a coolant-flowable on-board loader 35 is arranged, connects as a branch on the downstream side of the drive battery 34 and the connected lines to evaporator 22 and to power electronics 36 with an overflow line coming from the inlet of the drive battery 34 towards a junction with a line of electric motor 37 to the radiator 31 in the coolant circuit 50 leads. The overflow line is from the inlet of the drive battery 34 to the junction between the electric motor 37 and coolers 31 before connecting the on-board charger by means of a valve 44 shut off. The line to the on-board loader 35 is by means of a valve 46 shut off.

All the circuit variants described above or below can be designed as a complex switchable, flexible overall circuit as in the described embodiment. Likewise, it is possible to design the necessary for the individual functions coolant circuits or refrigerant circuits as closed individual circuits or depending on functional requirements as less complex switchable partial circuits of the system described here.

In 1 is the air conditioning system 1 in an arrangement belonging to a summer operation case in which the vehicle cabin and the drive battery 34 to cool. In this case, the operated refrigerant circuit has the promotional refrigerant compressor 20 and downstream of the coolant-cooled condenser 21 on. To vehicle cabin and drive battery 34 Cool enough to be downstream of the condenser 21 the coolant side acting evaporator 22 and the air-side evaporator 23 arranged and flows parallel in the refrigerant circuit. The associated shut-off valves 24 and 25 are opened. Upstream of the evaporator 22 and 23 is the refrigerant to each associated expansion valves 26 and 27 relaxed. A regulation of the impingements of the two evaporators 22 and 23 with refrigerant can by means of the valve 24 . 25 , a control of the capacity of the refrigerant compressor 20 , the expansion valve 26 and / or the expansion valve 27 in single or common regulation.

Coolant side is the evaporator 22 in a coolant circuit 54 integrated, the evaporator 22 , the circulation pump 33 and the drive battery 34 having. The circuit for limiting this coolant circuit 54 against the other aggregates of the NT coolant circuit 3 takes place primarily by a switching position of the three-way valve 48 , which is the suction side of the circulation pump 33 with the downstream side of the coolant side evaporator 22 connects and a connecting line to NT cooler and condenser 21 shut off. Other valves 44 . 46 and 47 , in other connecting lines to the rest of the NT refrigerant circuit, can be closed to avoid mixing operations and thus to improve performance as well. By cooling the drive battery 34 by means of the coolant side acting evaporator 22 and the associated refrigerant circuit is a particularly powerful cooling of the drive battery 34 by means of the refrigeration cycle 2 possible. The refrigerant charge of the evaporator 22 is in view of the required cooling capacity on the drive battery 34 controlled.

The air side evaporator 23 is also in the refrigerant circuit 2 acted upon by a refrigerant flow and cools fresh air and / or circulating air, which is supplied to the vehicle cabin. After the evaporator 23 the air flow flowing through it can be wholly or partly through an air flow downstream of the evaporator 23 arranged cabin heat exchanger 30 to be warmed up for setting a comfort temperature. This is the cabin heat exchanger 30 in a coolant circuit 52 arranged in which in operation of the refrigerant system, the condenser 21 with assigned circulating pump 32 and the cabin heat exchanger 30 are arranged. The admission of the cabin heat exchanger 30 with coolant can be via the associated valve 41 be controllable.

The coolant flowed through condenser 21 is to provide the cooling power for traction battery 34 and cabin airflow at the evaporator 23 in a coolant circuit 50 arranged, in which essentially the capacitor 21 , the circulation pump assigned to him 32 and the radiator 31 are arranged. On the radiator 31 becomes the at the condenser 21 dissipated heat to a cooling air flow be delivered. Since in this cooling air flow waiving a condenser acting on the air side, only the radiator 31 angeorndet, this can implement a higher cooling capacity.

In the coolant circuit 50 are also still an electric drive motor 37 and associated power electronics 36 arranged as well as the capacitor 21 by means of the over the radiator 31 cooled coolant flow can be cooled.

In summary, offers an air conditioning system 1 with the in 1 shown refrigerant and refrigerant circuits an effective and very powerful indirect cooling of the drive battery 34 over the chiller working refrigerant circuit 2 , In this case, the heat dissipation takes place at the evaporator on the coolant side 22 from the coolant circuit 54 absorbed waste heat of the drive battery 34 as well as the cabin air on the air side evaporator 23 dissipated heat through the capacitor 21 to a coolant circuit 50 , the further the waste heat of the electric motor 37 and its power electronics 36 picks up and over the radiator 31 dissipates to the environment. Another reheating of the air-side evaporator 23 Cooled cabin air takes place via the bypass flow to the radiator 31 arranged cabin heat exchanger 30 , This function is particularly needed during a transitional period and in a summer load case operation.

2 shows an arrangement of the air conditioning system 1 the similar to the arrangement according to 1 particularly suitable for a load case of transitional or summer. In this case, this arrangement is particularly suitable for operating conditions in which the thermal load on the drive battery 34 is lower. This allows the drive battery 34 in a coolant circuit 51 with the help of the circulation pump 33 be cooled directly over the radiator, allowing for operation of the refrigerant circuit 2 that by means of the compressor 20 , the capacitor 21 , the expansion valve 26 and the airside evaporator 23 only the cabin air cools, significantly less energy is needed.

In the air conditioning system 1 is in this arrangement according to the 2 a coolant circuit 51 for cooling the drive battery 34 with the three-way valve 48 , in this arrangement, the downstream side of the radiator 31 with the suction side of the circulation pump 33 connects, the circulation pump 33 , the drive battery 34 , the open downstream valve 45 the drive battery 34 , the open valve 47 , the power electronics 36 and the associated electric motor 37 , the cooler 31 and the open valve 42 on the downstream side of the radiator 31 intended. It is about the three-way valve 48 and the valve 43 the coolant-side evaporator 22 from the coolant circuit 51 shut off. The on-board loader 35 is through the valves 46 and 44 shut off from the coolant circuit. The circulation pump 33 is in their capacity especially on the cooling requirement of the drive battery 34 Voted. Furthermore, cooling requirements of the power electronics 36 and the electric motor 37 for controlling the circulation pump 33 be used.

In the secondary flow to circulating pump 33 and drive battery 34 is at the in 2 shown arrangement of the capacitor 21 with assigned circulating pump 32 arranged. The open radiator-side valve 40 , the circulation pump 32 , the capacitor 21 , the power electronics 36 , the electric motor 37 , the cooler 31 and the open downstream valve 42 the radiator 31 thus form a separate coolant circuit 50 , From the power electronics 36 , via electric motor 37 and coolers 31 have the coolant circuits 50 and 51 a common flow path in which the coolant flows of the two coolant circuits 50 and 51 mix. Cooling requirements of power electronics 36 and the electric motor 37 can thus both by controlling the circulation pump 33 the drive battery 34 , as well as by controlling the circulation pump 32 of the capacitor 21 be compensated.

In the sidestream to power electronics 36 , Electric motor 37 and coolers 31 is at a flow path with the circulation pump 32 and the capacitor 21 the cabin heat exchanger 30 connected to the evaporator 23 cooled cabin air after comfort requirements at least partially heats. In this case, the heat supplied to the cabin air flow in an air-controlled air conditioning system by mixing a heated part of the cabin air flow with a cool, the cabin heat exchanger 30 flowing around, part of the cabin air flow regulated. Furthermore, the heat supplied to the cabin air flow by controlling the cabin heat exchanger 30 associated valve 41 respectively. This can be done by heating the full cabin airflow by means of the cabin heat exchanger 30 or in addition to the above-explained mixture of partial air flows of the cabin air flow.

3 shows an arrangement of the air conditioning system 1 for a particularly effective warming up of the vehicle cabin in wintry conditions. Here is the refrigerant circuit 2 , with the refrigerant compressor 20 , the expansion valve 27 and the coolant side evaporator 22 operated as a heat pump, with a coolant circuit 55 , the circulation pump 33 , the coolant-side evaporator 22 , the power electronics 36 , the electric motor 37 and the radiator 31 having, Heat is extracted, which is the electrical components power electronics 36 and electric motor 37 and / or over the radiator 31 the environment is withdrawn. It can be the power electronics 36 and electric motor 37 extracted heat either be a waste heat of these components or storage heat, by heating the components when connecting the vehicle to an electrical supply connection, for example, during or after charging and control of power electronics 36 and electric motor 37 generated with reactive power.

The coolant circuit 55 has the coolant circulating promotional circulating pump 33 on which the coolant through the open valve 43 the evaporator 22 supplies. The drive battery 34 , the on-board loader 35 and an overflow line are through the closed valves 44 . 45 and 46 shut off against a flow. After the evaporator 22 , in which heat to the refrigerant circuit 2 is discharged, is in the coolant circuit 55 the opened valve 47 , the power electronics 36 , the electric motor 37 the cooler 31 and the open valve 42 connected to the three-way valve 48 connected, which returns the coolant to the inlet of the circulation pump 33 supplies. The coolant circuit 55 is over the closed valve 40 in the connection from the outlet of the radiator 31 and inlet of the circulation pump 32 against the coolant circuit 32 blocked.

Special heating efficiency is thereby achieved that power electronics 36 and electric motor 37 be cooled by the heat pump at low temperatures. On the one hand, the waste heat from power electronics 36 and electric motor 37 used by the heat pump for heating, on the other hand, the power electronics 36 and electric motor 37 kept at a low temperature, so that a heat transfer to the environment is minimized. If the outside temperature is very low, the cooler can 31 freeze, which isolates it and the power electronics 36 and electric motor 37 generated heat is not dissipated via the radiator to the environment, but the evaporator 22 the heat pump is supplied. By lowering the temperature level of the coolant, the heat loss through the (iced) radiator can be completely prevented. In favorable operating conditions, the surface temperature level of the power electronics and the electric motor may be below the ambient temperature level, so that these components lose no waste heat, but absorb ambient heat.

The capacitor 21 of the refrigerant circuit 2 gives the heat to a coolant circuit 52 off, the circulation pump 32 , the condenser 21 , the cabin heat exchanger 30 and the open valve 41 having, by means of the cabin heat exchanger 30 the heat can be supplied to the cabin air flow and thus the cabin is heated up. The coolant circuit 52 is by means of the valve 40 against the remaining part of the NT coolant circuit 3 blocked.

4 shows the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a winter operation, in which the vehicle cabin by means of a working as a heat pump refrigerant circuit 2 is heated. The heat is absorbed in units that are preheated before driving and serve as a heat storage or where heat is generated during driving. In this case, a particular effectiveness of the heating function is given, since the heat can be absorbed by the heat pump function at low temperature, so that the heat-emitting aggregates can be kept at low temperature and thus emit significantly less heat unused to the environment.

The refrigerant circuit 2 has the electric refrigerant compressor 20 on, which compresses the refrigerant, heats and the condenser 21 supplies. The capacitor 21 gives the heat to the coolant circuit 52 off, the capacitor 21 , the cabin heat exchanger 30 that the cabin heat exchanger 30 assigned and opened valve 41 and the capacitor 21 associated circulating pump 32 having. About the cabin heat exchanger 30 the air supplied to the vehicle interior is heated. The coolant circuit 52 is by means of the valve 40 against the remaining part of the NT coolant circuit 3 blocked.

After the capacitor 21 are the coolant-side evaporator 22 and the airside evaporator 23 connected in parallel and flows through. About the valves 24 and 25 can be the admission of the two evaporators 22 and 23 to be controlled. About the expansion valves 26 and 27 the cooling capacity of the evaporator 22 and 23 regulated.

The two evaporators 22 and 23 take in heat pump operation of the refrigerant circuit 2 Heat up, on the condenser 21 for heating the vehicle interior by means of the cabin heat exchanger 30 to the coolant circuit 52 is delivered. It takes the air-side evaporator 30 Heat from the air supplied to the interior, in particular in recirculation mode particularly much heat in the air supplied to the interior is available and this by cooling the evaporator 23 can be dried. By this drying, a particularly high proportion of recirculated air can be used. In mixed air operation, it is particularly effective for particularly effective drying and thus particularly advantageous if cool outside air only after the Cooling and drying of the circulating air by means of the evaporator 23 is added to this. This is a higher temperature level for heat absorption in the evaporator 23 and thus a higher heat absorption in the evaporator 23 , As well as a more effective drying of the circulating air possible.

The coolant side evaporator 22 withdraws a coolant circuit 56 Warmth. This coolant circuit 56 has the circulation pump 33 on, the inlet side via the three-way valve 48 with the outlet side of the evaporator 22 is connected and the coolant via drive battery 34 , Electric motor 37 and power electronics 36 promotes which act as heat sources. These units can be flowed through in series or in parallel, depending on the connection options and temperature levels. In the coolant circuit 56 is the drive battery 34 parallel to the flow through each other in series electric motor 37 and power electronics 36 connected. These are the valve of the drive battery 34 , the valve 44 Overflow line from the inlet side of the drive battery 34 to the electric motor 37 and power electronics and the valve 47 between evaporator 22 or downstream side of the drive battery 34 and the power electronics 36 open and that the on-board loader 35 associated valve 47 blocked. The coolant flows which the drive battery 34 , the electric motor 37 and the power electronics 36 flow through, are used to heat the evaporator 22 fed.

5 shows the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement for a winter operation with low-temperature waste heat heat pump and serial connection of the units. The arrangement, the operating case and the function essentially correspond to the arrangement and function of the air conditioning system 1 , in the 4 is shown, so that the above description applies to the differences described below also for the arrangement of the embodiment shown here.

In the in 5 arrangement shown in addition to the components already described one by means of a valve 49 lockable overflow provided, which is the outlet side of the drive battery 34 with the electric motor 37 and the power electronics 36 combines. The on-board loader 35 can be arranged for example from structural conditions in the overflow. The overflow line is against the inlet side of the evaporator 22 locked, which in the present embodiment by the closed valves 45 and 46 he follows. As a result, in contrast to the arrangement of 4 a serial flow of heat-releasing aggregates drive battery 34 , Electric motor 37 and power electronics 36 , This allows the units to operate at different temperature levels. For example, a battery arranged upstream of the other units can be cooled or a battery arranged downstream of the other units can be kept warm.

In 6 the embodiment of the air conditioning system is shown in an arrangement for a winter operation with direct heating, in which the waste heat of aggregates, such as the electric motor 37 , the power electronics 36 and, depending on the drive load case and outside temperatures, if necessary, the drive battery 34 directly via a coolant circuit 58 the cabin heat exchanger 30 is supplied. The refrigeration system with the refrigerant circuit 2 is switched off in this case of operation.

The coolant circuit 58 has the circulation pump 33 on which the coolant of the inlet side of the drive battery 34 zufördert. About that in the direction of the evaporator 22 closed three-way valve 48 , And arranged in the inflow line on the output side of the circulation pump valve 43 is the coolant-side outflow side of the evaporator 22 locked against the perfused part of the NT coolant circuit.

Should be a cooling request of the drive battery 34 present, is the valve 44 the overflow line of the drive battery 34 closed and the drive battery 34 is with the valve open on the outlet side 45 and the on-board loader 35 with the associated open valve 46 as a return flow in the coolant circuit 58 integrated. A closed valve 47 prevents overflow of the electric motor 37 and the power electronics 36 , In the drive battery 34 the coolant absorbs heat. Should not be a cooling request of the drive battery 34 are present, the valves 45 in the line of battery flow and 46 closed in the return line and the valve 44 the overflow line, which bypasses the drive battery 34 makes open.

From the flow path of the drive battery 34 or the bypass line for bypassing the drive battery 34 the coolant is the electric motor 37 and the power electronics 36 fed, where it continues to absorb heat and the cabin heat exchanger 30 is supplied for heating the air supplied to the vehicle interior. On the downstream side of the cabin heat exchanger 30 takes place via the open valves 40 and 41 the return flow to the three-way valve 48 and to the circulation pump 33 , Through the switched-off circulation pump 32 or an additional shut-off valve is a flow through the refrigerant side unused capacitor 21 prevented. The cooler 31 is through the associated closed valve 42 shut off.

In this direct heating is particularly little electrical energy to spend, since only the described coolant circuit 58 to circulate by means of the circulation pump.

7 shows the embodiment of the air conditioning system in an arrangement in which an aggregate preheating in the winter with connected charging port. In this case, the drive battery 34 to improve their charging capacity and the electric motor 37 be warmed up as a heat storage to minimize the Heizaufwands after a vehicle start. This is done primarily by the fact that flows through the coolant on-board loader 35 heated during charging, the refrigerant circuit 2 operates in the so-called short-circuited heat pump operation and so the coolant warms up, with a coolant circuit 59 which supplies heat to the other aggregates. Due to the compression work of the refrigerant compressor 20 takes the coolant at the condenser 21 more heat than heat to the evaporator 22 emits. In addition, electric motor 37 and power electronics 36 be heated with reactive power and their heat used for heating and stored in the electric motor.

In this operating case, the refrigerant circuit works 2 as a heater, the electric drive power of the refrigerant compressor 20 in a via an associated coolant circuit 59 short-circuited heat pump operation essentially converts into heat energy. For this purpose, the refrigerant compressor promotes 20 the refrigerant to the condenser 21 where heat to the coolant circuit 59 is delivered. As the air side evaporator 23 by means of the valve 24 is shut off, the return flow of the refrigerant via the open valve 25 , the expansion valve 27 and the coolant side evaporator 22 to the refrigerant compressor 20 , At the evaporator 22 can the refrigerant circuit 2 Heat from the coolant circuit 59 take up.

The coolant circuit has the circulation pump 33 on, the parallel coolant flows over the drive battery to be heated 34 and the open valve located on its downstream side 45 , parallel to it via the open valve 44 the overflow line, the heating on-board loader 35 and its open valve 46 , parallel to these via the electric motor 37 and the power electronics 36 and via the parallel to above-described parallel flow paths connected evaporator 22 and the open valve of its inflow line 43 , After these parallel flow paths is the strong heating capacitor 21 , the reverse flowed through circulation pump 32 or an overflow valve of the circulation pump opened at this point 22 , the open valve 40 and from there to the circulation pump 33 open three-way valve 48 in the coolant circuit 59 arranged. The cooler 31 is via the assigned valve 42 and the cabin heat exchanger 30 over the valve 41 from the coolant circuit 59 shut off.

The in the 8th illustrated arrangement of the embodiment of the air conditioning system allows in a winter plug-in operation, a combined preheating of units, and the vehicle cabin. The arrangement of the heating circuit corresponds 60 especially in their function essentially the in 7 described arrangement of the heating circuit 59 until the valve is on 41 is open and thereby a coolant flow heating the cabin heat exchanger 30 applied.

Basically all components of the heating circuit can be used 59 , as in 7 be flowed through described. Alternatively, however, a flow as in 8th shown, this also on the in 7 shown operating case retransmitted. Here are the parallel flow paths after the circulation pump 33 by closing the valve 44 the overflow line only the drive battery 34 with her open valve 45 and in parallel the opened valve 43 and the evaporator 22 connected in parallel. The on-board loader 35 with his open valve 46 , as well as the electric motor 37 and the power electronics 36 are flowed through in series. This arrangement of the coolant circuit 60 in this area, as mentioned above, alternatively also to the coolant circuit 59 for the exclusive preheating of the aggregates transferable.

To when heating the cabin heat exchanger 30 in the coolant circuit actually parallel to the cabin heat exchanger 30 arranged capacitor 21 safely to flow through, this is not like in the coolant circuit 59 contrary to the conveying direction of the circulation pump 32 flows through, but with connected circulating pump 32 flows through in the conveying direction. Thus, the on the capacitor 21 accumulating heat first the cabin heat exchanger 30 supplied for heating the vehicle cabin. The at the cabin heat exchanger 30 outflowing coolant flows partly from the circulation pump 32 sucked again to the condenser 21 and partly from the via the three-way valve 48 connected circulating pump 33 again to the partly heating and partly to be heated units.

In 9 is an arrangement of the air conditioning system 1 shown for an operating case, in which at higher outside temperatures, so in the so-called summer case, the traction battery 34 is charged when the charging port is connected. This is the drive battery 34 and the on-board loader 35 by means of a coolant circuit 61 cooled, that of the drive battery 34 associated circulating pump 33 , its inlet side via the three-way valve 48 and the open valve 42 with the outlet side of the radiator 31 connected is. On the delivery side of the circulation pump 33 is the drive battery 34 with the valve open 45 , the on-board loader 35 with its open valve 46 , as well as the radiator 31 connected. Here is the evaporator 22 over the valve 43 and the closed side of the three-way valve 48 , the overflow line by means of the associated valve 44 and the remainder of the NT refrigerant circuit 3 by means of the closed valves 47 and 40 shut off against a flow.

The coolant circuit 61 forms in this arrangement a particularly fuel-efficient and effectively operating coolant circuit for the heating during charging charging drive battery 34 and the on-board loader 35 , To a removal of the on the drive battery 34 it is a prerequisite that the outside temperature is lower than a maximum permissible temperature of the drive battery 34 ,

10 shows an arrangement of the air conditioning system 1 , which allows a charging operation when the outside temperature is a maximum allowable temperature of the drive battery 34 exceeds, while the current temperature of the drive battery 34 still below the maximum permissible temperature of the drive battery 34 lies. A maximum allowable temperature of the on-board charger 35 is about 65 degrees above normal outdoor temperatures so that it can be cooled.

It is with only deviation from the in 9 illustrated arrangement by closing the drive battery 34 associated valve 45 and opening the valve 43 the connecting pipe between the inlet side of the evaporator 22 and the outlet side of the circulation pump 33 the drive battery 34 over the inactive reverse flowed evaporator 22 bypassed and only the on-board loader 35 over the radiator 31 cooled. The remaining comments on the coolant circuit above 61 otherwise meet the coolant circuit 62 to.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• DE 102007004979 A1 [0002]

Claims (10)

Air conditioning system of a motor vehicle having a refrigerant circuit and at least one coolant circuit, wherein the refrigerant circuit comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator and the coolant circuit comprises at least one circulation pump and a heat exchanger, characterized in that the refrigerant circuit ( 2 ) a capacitor ( 21 ) and a coolant side acting evaporator ( 22 ), which between the refrigerant circuit ( 2 ) and at least one coolant circuit ( 3 . 50 to 62 ) Exchange heat. Air conditioning system of a motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that two coolant circuits ( 50 to 62 ), wherein a first coolant circuit ( 50 . 52 ) the capacitor ( 21 ) and a second coolant circuit ( 54 . 55 . 56 . 57 . 62 ) the evaporator ( 22 ) having. Air conditioning system of a motor vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the refrigerant circuit ( 2 ) an air side, second evaporator ( 23 ), which exchanges heat with a cabin air flow, wherein the refrigerant flow of the coolant-side evaporator ( 21 ) and / or the air side evaporator ( 23 ) is controllable or at least switchable. Air conditioning system of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the capacitor ( 21 ) is acted upon by a refrigerant flow, wherein a coolant circuit ( 50 ), the at least one circulating pump ( 32 ), the capacitor ( 21 ) and the radiator ( 31 ), is subjected to a flow of coolant. Air conditioning system of a motor vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that in a coolant circuit ( 50 . 51 ) parallel and / or in series with the capacitor ( 21 ) at least one further unit to be cooled ( 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 ) of the motor vehicle is arranged. Air conditioning system of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a against the radiator ( 31 ) shut off or separated from this coolant circuit ( 54 . 56 . 57 . 58 . 59 . 60 ) at least one circulating pump ( 33 ), a drive battery ( 34 ) and / or an electric drive motor ( 37 ) having. Air conditioning system of a motor vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that the coolant circuit ( 54 . 56 . 57 . 59 . 60 ) the evaporator ( 22 ) having. Air conditioning system of a motor vehicle according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the coolant circuit ( 59 . 60 ) the capacitor ( 21 ) having. Air-conditioning system of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an acted upon by a coolant flow coolant circuit ( 52 ) a cabin heat exchanger ( 30 ) having. Air-conditioning system of a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a low-temperature coolant circuit ( 3 ) is provided and at least two coolant circuits ( 50 to 62 ) by valves ( 40 to 49 ) lockable partial circuits of the low-temperature coolant circuit ( 3 ) are.

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