DE102009060428A1 - Thermal system for building, has solar collector integrated into primary circuit, and primary and secondary circuits thermally coupled with each other by heat exchanger, where heat medium is transferred with antifreeze agent - Google Patents

Abstract

The system (1) has a secondary circuit (2) in which a heat generator (3) and a storage element (4) are integrated. A thermal solar collector (6) e.g. vacuum tube collector and/or panel collector, is integrated into a primary circuit (7). A heat medium transferred with an antifreeze agent e.g. glycerin, is conveyed through the primary circuit by a pump (8). The primary and secondary circuits are thermally coupled with each other by a heat exchanger (9). A connection (13) of the secondary circuit is connected with an input (15) of the heat exchanger. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) an expansion module for modular expansion of a heating system (2) a method for operating a thermal system.

Description

State of the art

The invention is based on a thermal system with a secondary circuit, in which a heat generator, a storage element and at least one consumer are integrated, and with a thermal solar collector.

Such heat plant are well known. For example, from the document DE 103 41 741 B3 a solar system with a designed as a CPC vacuum tube collector collector known, which is connected via a supply line and a drain with a hot water tank. In the water heater a solar heat exchanger is arranged, to which the supply line and the discharge line is connected, and a Nachheizwärmetauscher arranged, which is connected to a conventional hot water heater. In this case, the heat transfer medium which is guided through the solar heat exchanger for heating the process water storage tank is also guided through the collector. In order to prevent freezing of this heat carrier in the region of the collector at minus temperatures, is in the document DE 103 41 741 B3 proposed to control a arranged in the supply line pump by a controller which is connected to a temperature sensor in the collector and operates the pump in response to a frost protection algorithm. The volume flow of the heat carrier through the collector is designed so that the collector temperature does not fall below a certain protection temperature. A disadvantage of this arrangement is that at low temperatures, a freezing of the collector is prevented by constantly maintaining the flow rate, even if the collector is no longer provided for heating the hot water tank. As a result, on the one hand, the pump is constantly or at least regularly in operation at low temperatures, which causes a tremendous waste of energy, and, on the other hand, the temperature in the service water reservoir is undesirably lowered.

Moreover, it is also known to prevent a freezing of the heat carrier in the region of the collector in that the heat transfer medium is mixed with antifreeze. A disadvantage of this solution, however, is that enormous amounts of antifreeze are needed because the heat transfer medium must be added in the entire cycle with sufficient amounts of antifreeze. The environment is enormously burdened by such amounts of antifreeze.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a thermal system of the type mentioned, which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art and in which nevertheless the risk of frost damage by freezing of the heat carrier in the region of the solar collector is eliminated.

This object is achieved by thermal plant with a secondary circuit in which a heat generator and a storage element are integrated, and with a thermal solar collector, wherein the solar collector is integrated into a primary circuit through which by means of a pump with an antifreeze offset heat transfer medium is promoted and wherein the primary and secondary circuits are thermally coupled to each other via a heat exchanger.

The heat installation according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that in the area of the solar collector only the heat transfer medium mixed with antifreeze is used, while for heating the storage element another heat transfer medium is used which has less or no antifreeze, such as eg. B. water. This has the consequence that a freezing of the heat carrier in the region of the solar collector is effectively prevented by the antifreeze without the entire heat transfer medium in the entire circuit would have to be mixed with antifreeze, so that the amount of antifreeze needed is considerably reduced. Moreover, even at minus temperatures no operation of the pump is necessary to prevent the freezing heat carrier. The further heat carrier in the secondary circuit preferably comprises water, while the antifreeze comprises, for example, glycol, glycerol or ethanol. The heat exchanger preferably comprises a plate, tube and / or tube bundle heat exchanger. The pump is preferably a high efficiency pump to maximize the efficiency of the thermal plant. The solar collector comprises in particular a vacuum tube collector and / or a flat collector. By separating the primary and secondary circuits different pressures in the primary and secondary circuits can be used, so that advantageously the solar panel can work with its optimum working pressure.

Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are the dependent claims, as well as the description with reference to the drawings.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the primary circuit has a pressure compensation element, a pressure relief valve, a flow valve, a sensor and / or a supply connection, so that in a particularly simple manner parameters, such as pressure, amount of the heat carrier and / or amount of antifreeze in the Primary circuit are adjustable, these parameters are optimized in an advantageous manner to the respective solar collector, so that the efficiency of the thermal system according to the invention can be maximized. Advantageously, furthermore, the pressure in the primary circuit is kept substantially constant with temperature fluctuations.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the secondary circuit has a first and a second connection, wherein the first connection is connected to a first input of the heat exchanger and the second connection to a first output of the heat exchanger. Advantageously, a particularly simple use of a conventional heating system with solar heat is thus feasible, the conventional heating system is modified only in such a way that in the secondary circuit of the first and second connection, for example in the form of simple T-fittings, are installed. The additional heat carrier of the secondary circuit automatically circulates through the heat exchanger, so that heat is transported from the primary circuit to the storage element.

According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that between the first and the second connection, a further pump and / or a valve, in particular a check valve, are arranged, wherein the further pump and / or the valve are preferably connected in parallel to the heat exchanger. Advantageously, therefore, the simultaneous use of the heat exchanger and the heat generator is possible because a backflow of the further heat carrier from the heat exchanger into the heat generator, which in particular includes a conventional gas or oil boiler, is prevented by the check valve. The further pump is preferably used to promote the further heat transfer medium through the storage element and the heat generator. Optionally, it is provided that in the region of the heat exchanger an additional feed pump is integrated into the secondary circuit, which is provided for conveying the further heat carrier through the secondary circuit and in particular through the heat exchanger.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the solar collector comprises a plurality of individual solar collector modules, wherein the number of individual solar collector modules is adapted to the volume of the memory element. Advantageously, the solar collector surface is thus adaptable in particular to an existing storage element of a conventional heating system, so that when using the conventional heating system with solar heat without replacement of the existing storage element, an optimal efficiency of the thermal system can be achieved.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the thermal system comprises a heating system and / or a hot water system and / or that at least one consumer is integrated into the secondary circuit and / or that in the secondary circuit, a further heat exchanger is integrated, which is arranged in the region of the storage element and / or that the storage element comprises a service water storage. Advantageously, solar heat is thus used in the use of the secondary circuit for heating the hot water tank, without caused at low outdoor temperatures bursting of the solar collector or freezing of the heat carrier caused by higher energy consumption by permanent or regular operation of the pump.

Another object of the present invention is an expansion module for modular expansion of a conventional heating system, wherein the conventional heating system has a secondary circuit in which a heat generator and a storage element are integrated, and wherein the expansion module has a primary circuit in which a thermal solar collector, a pump and a heat exchanger are integrated, wherein the primary circuit is provided for operation with a staggered with antifreeze heat transfer medium and wherein the heat exchanger is provided for connection to the secondary circuit. Advantageously, by means of the expansion module according to the invention, a conventional heating system, which in particular does not comprise a solar collector, can be retrofitted with a solar collector. The required assembly work is reduced by the fact that the solar energy is transported by the heat carrier, which circulates in the primary circuit. This means that the additional heat transfer medium in the second secondary circuit does not have to be routed to the solar collector and therefore does not have to be mixed with antifreeze or the like. The primary circuit can be installed completely independently of the secondary circuit, with only the heat exchanger for heat transfer from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit is needed.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the heat exchanger is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the heat generator and / or to the storage element. Of the Heat exchanger is preferably installed in the boiler room of the conventional heating system, so that the upgrade of the conventional heating system requires no major changes in the secondary circuit. The heat transfer medium in the primary circuit is transported by the pump, which is equipped in particular with a sufficient delivery, through the solar collector and the heat exchanger.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the surface of the solar collector is adapted to the respective capacity of the storage element, so that an optimal efficiency can be achieved in an advantageous manner and at the same time the existing components of the conventional heating system can be used.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the solar collector comprises a plurality of individual solar collector modules, wherein the number of individual solar collector modules is adapted to the volume of the memory element. Due to the modular design of the solar collector of individual solar collector modules, the performance of the solar collector in a comparatively simple manner, in particular to the conventional heating system, adaptable.

Another object of the present invention is a heating system for a building comprising a heat plant, wherein the solar collector is disposed in an outer area of the building, while both the heat exchanger, and the secondary circuit are arranged together with the heat generator and the storage element completely within the housing. Advantageously, therefore, only the primary circuit from frost damage must be protected by freezing of the heat carrier, while in the region of the secondary circuit there is no risk of frost damage, since the entire secondary circuit is located within the building. Advantageously, therefore, only a significantly lower amount of antifreeze is needed compared to the prior art. Furthermore, the feed pumps can be completely switched off, even at minus degrees, so that no additional energy consumption is generated in a particularly environmentally friendly manner. It is preferably provided that the heat exchanger is arranged together with the heat generator and / or the storage element in a boiler room of the building.

Another object of the present invention is a method for operating a thermal system, wherein in the primary circuit a staggered with antifreeze heat transfer medium is pumped by the pump through the solar collector and the heat exchanger, wherein in the secondary circuit, a further heat transfer medium pumped by the heat generator, the storage element and the heat exchanger and wherein by means of the heat exchanger, a heat exchange between the primary and the secondary circuit is brought about. Advantageously, in this case, as already detailed above, a particularly energy-saving and environmentally friendly operation of the thermal system is ensured, at the same time the risk of frost damage is eliminated. In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that both the heat generator, and the heat exchanger for heating the further heat carrier in the secondary circuit are used simultaneously. This has the advantage that when there is insufficient heat output, the heat output required for heating the storage element can be generated by a combination of solar collector and heat generator solely by the solar collector and thus an energy saving can be achieved on the part of the heat generator. Moreover, it is preferably provided that the heat absorbed by the solar collector, as well as the heat generated by the heat generator is discharged via a common further heat exchanger to the storage element. The installation effort when retrofitting the expansion module is thus significantly reduced.

Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description. The drawings show only exemplary embodiments of the invention, which do not limit the essential inventive idea.

1 shows a schematic view of a thermal system according to an exemplary first embodiment of the present invention and

2 shows a schematic view of a thermal system according to an exemplary second embodiment of the present invention.

In 1 is a schematic view of a heat plant 1 according to an exemplary first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the heat plant 1 essentially an expansion module 20 according to the present invention and a conventional heating system 21 composed. The conventional heating system 21 includes a secondary circuit 2 in which a further heat transfer medium, for example water, circulates. in the secondary circuit 2 is a heat generator 3 For example, a gas or oil boiler (conceivable would be a wood pellet boiler), a memory element 3 in the form of a water heater and a charge pump 17 integrated. The secondary circuit 2 includes in the present example a heating system, so that further consumers 5 in the form of radiators in the secondary circuit 2 are integrated. The further heat transfer medium in the secondary circuit 2 becomes in conventional operation of the heating system 21 by means of the heat generator 3 heated, with the heat over the consumers 5 to the room air of the building (not shown), in which the heat system 1 is installed, will give. Parallel to the memory element 4 Heat, in particular for the production of hot water, supplied by the further heat transfer medium, wherein the further heat carrier here by a further heat exchanger 22 within the memory element 4 to be led. The expansion module 20 has a solar panel 6 consisting of z. B. two series-connected individual solar collector modules 19 on, which is arranged for example on the roof of the building. Furthermore, the expansion module has 20 a heat exchanger 9 which is preferably in a boiler room of the building in the vicinity of the heat generator 3 and the memory element 4 is arranged. In a primary circuit 7 of the expansion module 20 circulates by means of a in the region of the heat exchanger 9 arranged pump 8th a mixed with an antifreeze heat transfer medium. The heat transfer medium comprises, for example, glycol mixed with water. In the primary circuit 7 are also a pressure compensation element 10 , a pressure relief valve 11 and a supply connection 12 integrated. The secondary circuit 2 is when upgrading the conventional heating system 21 now with a first connection 13 and a second port 14 , For example, a simple T-element, provided with the charge pump 17 between the first and the second connection 13 . 14 is arranged. The first connection 13 will now be via a supply line 13 ' with a first entrance 15 of the heat exchanger 9 and the second connection 14 about a derivative 14 ' with a first exit 16 of the heat exchanger 9 connected. The primary circuit 7 and the secondary circuit 2 are thus thermally coupled to each other, so that the heat carrier in the primary circuit 7 , due to solar radiation in the solar collector 6 recovered heat energy, in the heat exchanger 9 Heat to the other heat carrier in the secondary circuit 2 can deliver. This heat is transferred via the further heat exchanger 22 in the memory element 2 for example, delivered to the hot water. To a backflow of the further heat carrier from the heat exchanger 9 in the heat generator 3 to prevent is between the charge pump 17 and the second port 14 a check valve 18 arranged. This check valve 18 , a gravity brake and / or a non-return valve can also directly into the heat exchanger 19 be installed. For transporting the further heat carrier through the heat exchanger 9 is in the area of the heat exchanger 9 another pump 8th' in the secondary circuit 2 integrated. A heating of the further heat carrier is parallel both over the solar collector 6 in connection with the heat exchanger 9 , as well as over the heat generator 3 possible. The from the solar collector 6 generated heat, as well as that of the heat generator 3 generated heat are both on the same other heat exchanger 22 to the storage element 9 issued. When retrofitting the conventional heating system 21 with the extension module 20 becomes the size of the solar collector 6 on the capacity of the already existing memory element 4 customized. The storage element 3 includes in the present first embodiment, a horizontally oriented hot water tank. By separating the primary and secondary circuits 7 . 2 become the forest security of the solar collector 6 only comparatively small amounts of antifreeze needed, but nevertheless the risk of frost damage can be completely eliminated. In addition, different pressures in the primary and secondary circuits 7 . 2 Use, so that the solar collector 6 can work with his optimal working pressure.

In 2 is a schematic view of a heat plant 1 according to an exemplary second embodiment of the present invention, wherein the second embodiment of the present invention substantially the in 1 illustrated first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the solar collector 6 a total of three series-connected solar collector modules 19 includes and the memory element 3 is formed in the form of a vertically oriented stationary hot water tank.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10341741 B3 [0002, 0002]

Claims (16)

Heat plant ( 1 ) with a secondary circuit ( 2 ), in which a heat generator ( 3 ) and a memory element ( 4 ) and with a thermal solar collector ( 6 ), characterized in that the solar collector ( 6 ) into a primary circuit ( 7 ) is integrated, by means of which a pump ( 8th ) conveyed with antifreeze heat transfer medium, wherein the primary and secondary circuit ( 2 . 7 ) via a heat exchanger ( 9 ) are thermally coupled together. Heat plant ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collector ( 6 ) comprises a vacuum tube collector and / or a flat collector. Heat plant ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary circuit ( 2 ) a first and a second connection ( 13 . 14 ), wherein the first connection ( 13 ) with a first input ( 15 ) of the heat exchanger ( 9 ) and the second connection ( 14 ) with a first output ( 16 ) of the heat exchanger ( 9 ) connected is. Heat plant ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that between the first and the second connection ( 13 . 14 ) another pump ( 17 ) and / or a valve ( 18 ), in particular a check valve, is arranged, wherein the further pump ( 17 ) and / or the valve ( 18 ) the heat exchanger ( 9 ) are preferably connected in parallel. Heat plant ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar collector ( 6 ) a plurality of individual solar collector modules ( 19 ), wherein the number of individual solar collector modules ( 19 ) to the volume of the memory element ( 4 ) is adjusted. Heat plant ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal system comprises a heating system and / or a hot water system and / or that in the secondary circuit ( 2 ) at least one consumer ( 5 ) and / or that in the secondary circuit another heat exchanger ( 22 ), which in the region of the memory element ( 4 ) is arranged and / or that the memory element ( 4 ) comprises a service water storage. Heat plant ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary circuit is a pressure compensation element ( 10 ), a pressure relief valve ( 11 ) and / or a supply connection ( 12 ) having. Expansion module ( 20 ) for the modular extension of a conventional heating system ( 21 ), the conventional heating system ( 21 ) a secondary circuit ( 2 ), in which a heat generator ( 3 ) and a memory element ( 4 ), characterized in that the expansion module ( 20 ) a primary circuit ( 7 ), in which a thermal solar collector ( 6 ), a pump ( 8th ) and a heat exchanger ( 9 ), the primary circuit ( 7 ) is provided for operation with an antifreeze offset heat transfer medium and wherein the heat exchanger ( 9 ) for connection to the secondary circuit ( 2 ) is provided. Expansion module ( 20 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 9 ) in the immediate vicinity of the heat generator ( 3 ) and / or to the memory element ( 4 ) is arranged. Expansion module ( 20 ) according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the surface of the solar collector ( 6 ) to the respective capacity of the memory element ( 3 ) is adjusted. Expansion module ( 20 ) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the solar collector ( 6 ) a plurality of individual solar collector modules ( 19 ), wherein the number of individual solar collector modules ( 19 ) to the volume of the memory element ( 4 ) is adjusted. Heating system ( 1' ) for a building having a thermal plant ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the solar collector ( 6 ) is arranged in an outer area of the building, while both the heat exchanger ( 9 ), as well as the secondary circuit ( 2 ) together with the heat generator ( 3 ) and the memory element ( 4 ) are arranged completely within the housing. Heating system ( 1' ) according to claim 12, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 9 ) together with the heat generator ( 3 ) and / or the memory element ( 4 ) is arranged in a boiler room of the building. Method for operating a thermal plant ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the primary circuit ( 2 ) an antifreeze mixed heat transfer medium by means of the pump ( 8th ) through the solar collector ( 6 ) and the heat exchanger ( 9 ) is pumped, that in the secondary circuit ( 7 ) a further heat transfer medium through the heat generator ( 3 ), the memory element ( 4 ) and the heat exchanger ( 9 ) is pumped and that by means of the heat exchanger ( 9 ) one Heat exchange between the primary and secondary circuits ( 2 . 7 ) is brought about. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that both the heat generator ( 3 ), as well as the heat exchanger ( 9 ) for heating the further heat carrier in the secondary circuit ( 2 ) be used. Method according to one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the by the solar collector ( 6 ), as well as the heat generated by the heat generator ( 3 ) generated heat via a common further heat exchanger ( 22 ) to the memory element ( 3 ) is delivered.

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