DE102007023373B4 - Method for determining the performance status of a person - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for determining a person's performance status for the creation of an individual care concept and training instruction, comprising the steps of: performing a body analysis by determining the body fat percentage and the medical weight factor of the exerciser performing a step endurance exercise test to determine the cardiovascular exercise capacity at the anaerobic level Threshold of the exerciser, - execution of an antagonistic submaximal force test to determine strength deficits, imbalances and weak point analysis of the principal muscle groups of the exercising body, - comparison of the determined performance values and performance parameters with corresponding values of a person group corresponding to the age of the exercising person in a database Values stored in the database represent statistically recorded values of several subjects per group of persons.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for determining the performance status of a person for the creation of an individual care concept and training instruction according to the preamble of claim 1.

At the present time, maintaining the state of health and fitness in humans is an integral part of modern Western life. Gyms and sports studios are therefore becoming increasingly popular. With the help of training facilities, a training concept tailored to the training person is designed. The objectives can be very different. Such training goals are, for example, a general increase in performance, stamina, fat loss or targeted muscle. Increasingly, such training concepts also include individual diet and exercise habits.

For a targeted, individual training, be it in terms of weight loss, fat loss or buildup of muscle, however, a considerable amount of human resources for the care and advice of the trainees and the evaluation of training data is required. In fitness and sports studios, a training plan is usually designed for each exerciser, which is designed for the individual needs and objectives of the exercising person. For example, a training concept is designed for muscle building, in which phase-dependent main muscle groups such as the leg muscles, the abdominal and back muscles and the arm muscles are trained. Based on this training concept, the trainee should be able to adjust the training results after a certain amount of time. It is very often left to the trainees themselves to record and control the training sessions. The involvement of the trainer is usually in more or less irregular intervals. Targeted, individual and regular care is not possible in most fitness and sports studios for cost and time reasons.

Another disadvantage is that the training concepts offered by fitness and sports studios are based on a uniform scheme and individual weaknesses and deficits are determined at most at the beginning of the training phase.

The usual methods of measuring endurance performance described in the prior art are based, for the most part, on a measurement of cardiac output during a previous exercise period in which the person is subjected to increasing exertion. Such methods are for example in the DE 694 24 982 T2 and the DE 695 32 803 T2 described. However, these methods are only for the measurement of the cardiac pulse and therefore represent only a small part of the total performance profile of a person.

For a qualitative, optimized individual training support and an optimized care concept, however, an all-encompassing recording of the performance data of the exercising person and their evaluation is required. Such a concept will be in the DE 102 33 651 A1 pursued. It describes a method for individual training support in which user data such as weight, height, age, gender as well as the results of an initial training and / or the training goals of the user are entered into a dedicated device. Based on the user data, an individual training plan is created based on a database stored in a central computer. The training plan can be called up with the aid of a local computer device, the training activity is documented and transmitted to the central computer, and the training plan is adjusted and updated by comparison with the data of the central database, taking into account the actual training activity. When adjusting and updating the training plan, the physiological parameters measured during training, in particular the pulse and / or the blood pressure of the exerciser, can be taken into account. In this way, the training plan is adapted more precisely to the individual circumstances of the individual user and thus made more effective. Furthermore, it is provided in this method that accompanying the training by means of a display device visually, acoustically and / or tactually transmitted information. For example, to achieve the effect of a virtual bicycle or rowing tour, a video can be offered whose playback speed is varied depending on a pedaling frequency of a bicycle hometrainer or the beat frequency of a rowing training device. For example, if the training activity consists in a simple jog, a stepping rate meter is useful as the receiving means. Goal of in the DE 102 33 651 A1 described method is to vote the training plan over the Internet with the central computer and evaluate. The disadvantage, however, is that this method is merely a different handling of the data obtained in the respective performance test. The exerciser still uses the on the usual fitness equipment on the market, which will eventually be connected to a data processing system. The setting of an individual training concept, which takes into account the performance state of the trainee is not described.

From the US 6 010 452 A a method for operating a training device and a device for detecting body functions is known. One part of the method provides that the body functions are detected on the basis of the lactate level of the blood oxygen, the heartbeat rate, the blood sugar level and / or the body temperature. In addition, other body-specific data such as height, body measurements, age and BMI can be used. In this case, the specific data sets can be compared with reference values and maximum permissible limit values for the exercising persons can be defined.

The WO 2004/054 660 A1 describes a method for determining the individual fitness age of a person based on measurements of various physiological parameters, such. The recovery rate of the heart, flexibility, strength and body fat composition. The overall status of the physical fitness can be determined by comparing the fitness age with the actual age.

However, it is not possible according to these methods to determine force deficits, imbalances and other weak points of the main muscle groups that are decisive for body statics in a trainee.

Against this background, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the performance status of a person, with which it is possible to develop and coordinate an individual care concept for the person.

This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.

In the method according to the invention, first of all the actual state of the exerciser is determined, in order on the basis of which to enable a purposeful comparison for a meaningful introduction to a fitness- or health-oriented training program. In a first step, the performance diagnostics are carried out on the basis of a body analysis. This step preferably comprises a body fat measurement, which is preferably carried out according to the bio-impedance method. The bio-impedance method is based on the analysis of different conduction velocities of the tissue structures.

The medical weight factor for an electrical pulse is determined according to the following formula:

Subsequently, the "ideal body weight" is determined on the basis of the medical weight factor (as a percentage of body height):

With the aid of the variables F _size and F _{weight determined in} this way, a correction factor can be calculated: K _correction = F _size × F _weight .

Correction factor is the weight excess / deficiency correlated to body weight.

In a further step, a so-called endurance performance diagnosis, in which the PWC value (PWC = Physical Work Capacity) is determined. The PWC value is the power in watts per kilogram of body weight. Hereby it is determined what the exerciser can provide in Watt per kilogram of body weight. This step essentially involves the endurance abilities of the exerciser Help of the heart rate determined. With continuously increasing stress, there is a linear relationship between the exercise intensity and the heart rate up to the aforementioned heart rate turnover point. This was standardized at 170 beats / minute. The heart rate turnover point indicates the maximum work intensity at which the energy supply of the exerciser can barely be protected aerobically. The PWC value is thus an effective performance parameter for the endurance performance of the exerciser. Usually, as a first procedural measure, general anametic data collection can be performed. In this case, the trainee learns of course relevant facts such as possible illnesses as well as the exclusion of contraindications and medication.

Preferably, the Conconi test known in the art is used. The Conconi test is a method for determining the individual heart rate and exercise intensity, as measured by the load in watts, at the anaerobic threshold for endurance training. Usually, exercises are performed on the treadmill or on the bicycle ergometer for this test. Thus, the test establishes a relationship between exercise intensity and pulse rate.

Fundamental to the performance of the Conconi test is a steady and gradual increase in exercise levels of the exerciser. At the beginning a slow pace is chosen, which is increased during the training phase. As a result, a continuous increase in the intensity of stress is achieved. The pulse is continuously measured and recorded. Only when the exerciser has reached a pulse of 170 or before (for example, leg fatigue), the test is canceled.

The measured value pairs of pulse rate and power in watts are entered into a developed diagram and evaluated. Ideally, the heart rate increases linearly in proportion to the exercise demand. In case of weakened physical situation, untrainedness or other training impairments, the heart rate can increase only disproportionately to the required load demand (exponential curve).

In a next step of the method according to the invention, an antagonistic submaximal force test is carried out. This is a force test of the major muscle groups responsible for body statics. The antagonistic submaximal strength test primarily serves to detect muscular power deficits and imbalances. In this case, the actual state of the antagonists decisive for the body statics is determined and then a comparison of forces is carried out with age-matched comparators. The statistical data of the comparators are preferably stored in a central database. In addition to the usual data such as age, weight, gender, body fat percentage in the database and the power test data of the antagonistic submaximal strength test for each group of people are stored according to their age. Typical age groups are, for example, groups of people aged 15 to 19 years, 20 to 29 years, 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years and 60 to 69 years.

• ∂ großer Brustmuskel – großer Rückenmuskel (Oberkörpermuskulatur),
• – Rückenstrecker-Längsbauchmuskulatur (Rumpfmuskulatur),
• – Beinstrecker-Beinbeuger.

Für jede Muskelgruppe wird das maximal erreichte Testgewicht ermittelt. Daraus ergibt sich das individuelle Kraftniveau. Je nach Leistungsniveau der Gegenspieler (z. B. Beuger oder Strecker) ergibt sich gegenüber dem so ermittelten Kraftniveau ein Krafterhalt oder ein Kraftdefizit. Als Orientierung dienen die für jede Personengruppe in der Datenbank hinterlegten Durchschnittswerte. Liegt eine Dysbalance (Fehlverhältnis der Gegenspieler) vor, muss die jeweils schwächere Muskelgruppe der Gegenspieler stärker trainiert werden als die andere, um die Körperstatik wieder herzustellen. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, dass der Trainierende eine ausgeglichene Körperstatik erreicht und keine Muskelgruppe im Verhältnis zur anderen mehr als die andere trainiert und somit verstärkt wird. Häufiger Fehler ist in der Praxis das Trainieren optisch wirksamer Muskelgruppen (z. B. der Oberarmmuskulatur oder der Brustmuskulatur), während die für die Optik weniger wirksam erscheinenden Muskelgruppen eher vernachlässigt werden. Für die Körperstatik ist diese Trainingsmethode jedoch äußerst nachteilig und kann zu Haltungsschäden und schweren Funktionsstörungen führen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren setzt hier an und versucht, ein solches Ungleichgewicht der Muskelgruppen bei den Gegenspielern zu vermeiden bzw. auszugleichen. Der antagonistische Submaximalkrafttest erlaubt eine effiziente Ermittlung von Kraftdefiziten, Dysbalancen und eine Schwachstellenanalyse.The following six major antagonist muscle groups are preferably subjected to the antagonistic submaximal force test:

• Brust large chest muscle - large back muscle (upper body muscles),
• - dorsal extensor musculature (trunk muscles),
• - leg extension hamstrings.

For each muscle group the maximum achieved test weight is determined. This results in the individual strength level. Depending on the performance level of the opponent (eg, Beuger or Strecker), there is a force retention or a power deficit compared to the force level determined in this way. The average values stored for each group of persons in the database serve as a guide. If there is a dysbalance (mismatch of opponents), the weaker muscle group of the opponent must be trained more than the other to restore the body statics. This ensures that the exerciser achieves a balanced body statics and that no group of muscles is trained in relation to the other more than the other and thus strengthened. Common mistakes in practice are the training of optically effective muscle groups (eg, the upper arm muscles or the chest muscles), while the muscle groups that appear less effective for the optics tend to be neglected. For body statics, this training method, however, is extremely disadvantageous and can lead to postural damage and serious malfunction. The inventive method starts here and tries to avoid or compensate for such an imbalance of the muscle groups in the opponents. The antagonistic submaximal force test allows efficient determination of power deficits, imbalances and vulnerability analysis.

In a further step, the actual training planning takes place, based on the physiological data and fitness parameters determined in the aforementioned steps. The values from the antagonistic submaximal force test are used to perform a weak point analysis in order to determine the muscle groups to be strengthened. From the target frequency determined from the PWC test, an individually adjusted cardiovascular training for different problems (fat burning, basic stamina, interval training) can be planned. In this phase is a meaningful termination of the training process at appropriate time intervals, the training and support during the training phase by trained personnel, possibly also a detailed gymnastics program with targeted exercises to relax the muscles and the control and adaptation of the training course to the respective situation of the trainee possible. The goal is to achieve complete motor adaptation, mobilization and targeted strength building for the body's holding apparatus.

Preferably, a repetition of the antagonistic submaximal force test takes place after an intensive training phase (re-test). In this preferred embodiment, a further adaptation of the training control to the newly determined actual state takes place. Subsequently, care is taken in the continuing training according to predetermined scheduling with sufficient time intervals, as described above.

The method according to the invention enables a targeted training control for the trainee. It involves the recognition and naming of the individual performance level, in particular the athletic performance condition of the trainee and enables a targeted and thus for the trainees success-oriented training control. On the basis of the determined heart rate values and the PWC value, the method provides an insight into the health problem, the weight situation, the cardiovascular situation and the force situation.

Compared with the methods known from the prior art, the inventive method is characterized in that the training concept is all-encompassing, individual and for the overall performance of the body (stamina, power, weight loss) promising. The method also makes it possible for the trainees to be individually supported by the training personnel by means of targeted specifications in accordance with the parameters determined in the method.

The method will be explained in more detail with reference to the following example.

Example:

The exerciser (a man or a woman) is first subjected to a general anamorphic survey. Relevant problems, possible illnesses and the exclusion of contraindications and possible medication revenues are clarified with the trainee.

In addition, a body analysis in which the body fat percentage is determined by the bio-impedance method, and a determination of the ideal body weight as a weight factor in percent body size using a medical formula.

Next, a step endurance stress test, oriented at the heart transition point at 170, is performed to determine cardiovascular stress capacity. To determine the anaerobic threshold, if necessary, a lactate measurement is carried out with the exerciser. The higher the anaerobic threshold, the higher the performance that can be sustained over a longer period of time. The heart rate at the anaerobic threshold is about 170 beats per minute for a 20-30 year old subject. In low-endurance-trained men, the anaerobic threshold is 4 mmol lactate per liter of blood.

Next, a Conconi test (PWC text) is performed. In this test, endurance performance is determined using the heart rate in physical performance. In the case of continuously increased load, there is ideally a linear relationship between the exercise intensity and the heart rate (trained state). From a certain exercise intensity of the exerciser, the heart rate change point is reached, d. H. The load can be further increased, but the heart rate does not rise to the previous level. At loads above the anaerobic threshold, the oxygen uptake is lower than would correspond to the linear increase. After oxygen uptake also depends on the transport capacity and thus on the heart rate, the heart rate also increases to a lesser extent under load above the anaerobic threshold than expected due to the intensity of the exercise. This changeover point indicates the maximum work intensity at which the energy supply can barely be secured aerobically.

The results of a typical PWC test, in which the endurance performance in watts per kilogram of body weight is determined, are in a man ( 1 ) and a woman ( 2 ) shown in the following figures. The age groups are indicated in the diagram shown as follows:
No. 1 = 15 to 19 years,
No. 2 = 20 to 29 years,
No. 3 = 30 to 39 years,
No. 4 = 40 to 49 years,
No. 5 = 50 to 59 years,
No. 6 = 60 to 69 years.
Shown in the figures are the antagonists of the six major muscle groups of large pectoral muscles - large back muscle (upper body muscles), back extensor cervical muscles (trunk muscles), leg extensor hamstrings. The result of the test is shown in the diagram. The individual measuring points are connected with a line to a curve.

At the in 1 In the test shown, the subject does 10 repetitions in each set until this repetition number is no longer reached, ie until the submaximal force is reached. Each of the six main muscle groups was tested in accordance with the previously determined specifications and entered in the diagram. Based on average values, which are stored in a database, the fitness state of the person can be determined from the diagram. It can also be seen whether an antagonist antagonist needs more training than the other. For example, if the chest muscles are more developed than the back muscles, the training concept and the subsequent care must be adjusted to the strengthening of the back muscles.

In 2 The same test has been done with a woman. The determined values are as expected below those of the man.

The example described above merely serves to illustrate the method according to the invention. The method should not be limited to this embodiment. The scope of protection is apparent from the following claims.

Claims (11)

Method for determining the performance status of a person for the creation of an individual care concept and training instruction, comprising the steps: - performing a body analysis by determining the body fat percentage and the medical weight factor of the exerciser, Performing a step endurance exercise test to determine the cardiovascular exercise capacity at the anaerobic threshold of the exerciser, - Performing an antagonistic submaximal strength test to determine strength deficiencies, dysbalances and weak point analysis of the principal muscle groups of the exerciser, which are decisive for body statics. Comparison of the determined performance values and performance parameters with corresponding values of a person group corresponding to the age of the exercising person in a database, wherein the values stored in the database represent statistically ascertained values of several test persons per person group. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises: - Performing individual training planning, based on the determined in the previous steps physiological values and performance parameters and optionally adjusting the training steps taking into account the personal training goals of the exerciser. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises: - collecting general anamenistic data on training-relevant facts of the trainee. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that in the anamorphic survey relevant medical problems, possible diseases and the exclusion of contraindications are taken into account. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the determination of the body fat fraction takes place according to the bio-impedance method. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step endurance load test is carried out after the Conconi test. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the step endurance load test, a heart rate changeover point is set at 170 beats / minute and the power is determined at a pulse rate of 170 beats / minute (= Physical Working Capacity, PWC). A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main muscle groups tested in the sub-maximal force test are selected from the group consisting of: chest muscle - large back muscle (upper body musculature), dorsal longitudinal muscle (trunk musculature), leg extension hamstring. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after an intensive training phase, a repetition of the antagonistic submaximal force test takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method is carried out several times at different training stages and based thereon a training control. Use of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 for determining the individual performance status, increasing the endurance performance, weight reduction and muscle building in a person.

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