DE102006032936B4 - Use of a layer of heavily oxidized Si nanocrystals for coating plastics - Google Patents
Use of a layer of heavily oxidized Si nanocrystals for coating plastics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102006032936B4 DE102006032936B4 DE102006032936A DE102006032936A DE102006032936B4 DE 102006032936 B4 DE102006032936 B4 DE 102006032936B4 DE 102006032936 A DE102006032936 A DE 102006032936A DE 102006032936 A DE102006032936 A DE 102006032936A DE 102006032936 B4 DE102006032936 B4 DE 102006032936B4
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- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003763 resistance to breakage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/48—Stabilisers against degradation by oxygen, light or heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2369/00—Characterised by the use of polycarbonates; Derivatives of polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Schicht aus in trockener Sauerstoffatmosphäre stark oxidierten Si-Nanokristallen mit von einer Oxidhülle umgebenen Si-Kernen zum Schutz von Polycarbonatoberflächen gegen Degradation durch UV-Strahlen von Sonnenlicht und zur Absorption des UV-Anteils des Sonnenlichts und Umwandlung in Licht im roten Spektralbereich.The invention relates to the use of a layer of strongly oxidized Si nanocrystals in a dry oxygen atmosphere with Si cores surrounded by an oxide shell for protecting polycarbonate surfaces against degradation by UV rays from sunlight and for absorbing the UV component of sunlight and converting it into light in red spectral range.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Schicht aus in trockener Sauerstoffatmosphäre stark oxidierten Si-Nanokristallen mit von einer Oxidhülle umgebenen Si-Kernen zum Schutz von Polycarbonatflächen zur Erhöhung der durch Absorption von UV-Strahlung bedingten UV-Beständigkeit bzw. Verhinderung der Qualitätsminderung von Polycarbonat durch UV-Strahlung.The invention relates to the use of a layer of highly oxidized in dry oxygen atmosphere Si nanocrystals with surrounded by an oxide sheath Si cores to protect polycarbonate surfaces to increase the UV resistance due to absorption of UV radiation or prevention of deterioration of polycarbonate by UV -Radiation.
In der
Weiter wird im Stand der Technik die Herstellung von Beschichtungen/Filmen beschrieben, die aus Si/SiO2-Kompositen bestehen (Photoluminescence from ion-beam cosputtered Si/SiO2 thin films, Allergrini, M.; Ciofi, C.; Diligenti, A.; Fuso, F.; Nannini, A.; Pellegrini, V.; Pennelli, G. Dip. Fisica Materiale Technol. Fisiche Avanzate, Univ. Messina, Sant'Agata, I-98166, Italy Soldi State Communications (1996), 100 (6), 403–406).The prior art also describes the preparation of coatings / films consisting of Si / SiO 2 composites (Photoluminescence from ion-beam cosputtered Si / SiO 2 thin films, Allergrini, M., Ciofi, C., Diligenti, A Fuso, F. Nannini, A., Pellegrini, V. Pennelli, G. Dip Fisica Materials Technol. Fisiche Avanzate, Univ. Messina, Sant'Agata, I-98166, Italy Soldi State Communications (1996), 100 (6), 403-406).
Aufgrund der prekären Energiesituation wird verstärkt nach einer Verbesserung der Nutzung umweltfreundlicher Energien gesucht. Dazu gehört auch die Nutzung der im Sonnenlicht enthaltenen Energie. Dies erfolgt beispielsweise mit Wärmeabsorbern oder Photovoltaikmodulen. Solche Energiewandler werden meist mit einer Glasscheibe vor Witterungserscheinungen geschützt. Um einen hohen Wirkungsgrad zu erreichen, ist es daher wünschenswert, den durch die Verglasung hindurchtretenden Energieanteil des Lichtes zu maximieren und die Absorption des Sonnenlichtes durch das Glas zu verringern.Due to the precarious energy situation, efforts are increasingly being made to improve the use of environmentally friendly energies. This includes the use of energy contained in sunlight. This is done, for example, with heat absorbers or photovoltaic modules. Such energy converters are usually protected with a glass pane from the weather. Therefore, in order to achieve high efficiency, it is desirable to maximize the amount of energy of the light passing through the glazing and to reduce the absorption of sunlight by the glass.
Es ist auch bekannt an Stelle von Glas Kunststoffscheiben zum Schutz der Energiewandler zu verwenden (
Im Vergleich zu Glas verfügt Polycarbonat über den grundlegenden Nachteil der fehlenden UV-Beständigkeit bedingt durch Absorption der UV-Strahlung, was durch starke Absorption bei Wellenlängen unter 400 nm zu einer Qualitätsminderung des Materials führt. Bedingt durch die hohen Absorptionskoeffizienten von Polycarbonat für UV-Photonen, können diese nur bis in sehr geringe Tiefe (weniger als 1 μm) in das Material eindringen. Durch UV-Strahlung induziertes Aufbrechen der Oberflächenbindung bei Polycarbonat bzw. Bruch durch nicht strahlungsbedingte Entspannungsprozesse (Umwandlung der UV-Energie in Wärme) kommt es zur Verfärbung der Polycarbonatprodukte und das Auftreten von Rissen, die in größere Tiefen des Materials vordringen (bis zu 20 mμ).Compared to glass, polycarbonate has the fundamental disadvantage of lack of UV resistance due to absorption of UV radiation, which results in degradation of the material due to strong absorption at wavelengths below 400 nm. Due to the high absorption coefficients of polycarbonate for UV photons, they can penetrate into the material only to a very small depth (less than 1 μm). UV radiation-induced breakage of the surface bond in polycarbonate or breakage by non-radiation relaxation processes (conversion of UV energy into heat) results in discoloration of the polycarbonate products and the occurrence of cracks that penetrate into greater depths of the material (up to 20 mμ ).
Der Werkstoff wird dadurch für bestimmte Einsatzzwecke als Austauschmaterial uninteressant, obwohl ein Austausch aufgrund einer Vielzahl von positiven Eigenschaften gegenüber Glas wünschenswert ist. Besonders vorteilhaft wäre dabei ein Austausch des Einhausungsmaterials von modernen Energiewandlern wie Sonnenkollektoren oder Photovoltaik-Elementen, welches bislang vorrangig aus einer Konstruktion aus Glas und Aluminium bestehen.The material thereby becomes uninteresting for certain uses as a replacement material, although replacement is desirable because of a variety of positive properties to glass. Particularly advantageous would be an exchange of Einhausungsmaterials of modern energy converters such as solar panels or photovoltaic elements, which previously consist primarily of a construction of glass and aluminum.
Beispielsweise ist das spezifische Gewicht von Polycarbonat erheblich geringer als das von Glas. Polycarbonat ist hochtransparent (bis zu 92%) im sichtbaren und im nahen Infrarotbereich bei Wellenlängen von 0,4 μm und 2 μm.For example, the specific gravity of polycarbonate is significantly less than that of glass. Polycarbonate is highly transparent (up to 92%) in the visible and near infrared at wavelengths of 0.4 μm and 2 μm.
Polycarbonat ist ein thermoplastischer Werkstoff und kann recycelt werden. Das Material ist von hoher Reinheit (Granulat) und kann synthetisch hergestellt werden. Das Granulat ist gegenüber anderen Materialien wenig kostenintensiv und die Fertigungstechnologie von Platten, Rohren und anderen Teilen aus Granulat ist technisch unproblematisch und auf dem Markt eingeführt Weiter erfolgt die Verarbeitung im Vergleich zu Glas (ca. 1400°C und darüber) bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen (ca. 500°C). Erzeugnisse aus Polycarbonat sind kugelsicher und besitzen eine lange Lebensdauer. Ihre Bruchsicherheit ist über 20 Mal höher als die von normalem Glas.Polycarbonate is a thermoplastic material and can be recycled. The material is of high purity (granules) and can be synthetically produced. The granulate is less expensive than other materials and the production technology of plates, tubes and other parts made of granules is technically unproblematic and introduced on the market Further processing takes place in comparison to glass (about 1400 ° C and above) at relatively low temperatures ( about 500 ° C). Polycarbonate products are bulletproof and have a long life. Their resistance to breakage is more than 20 times higher than that of normal glass.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht deshalb darin, die Qualitätsminderung von Polycarbonat durch UV-Strahlung zu verhindern. Gleichzeitig soll dabei die hohe Transparenz der Polycarbonate im sichtbaren und im nahen Infrarotbereich nicht so beeinträchtigt werden, dass bestimmte positive optische Eigenschaften der Kunststoffe nicht mehr nutzbar sind.The object of the invention is therefore to prevent the degradation of polycarbonate by UV radiation. At the same time, the high transparency of the polycarbonates in the visible and in the near infrared range should not be so impaired that certain positive optical properties of the plastics are no longer usable.
Ein möglicher Weg zur Verhinderung der Qualitätsverschlechterung von Polycarbonat infolge von UV-Strahlung bei gleichzeitiger Nutzung des UV-Anteils des Sonnenspektrums besteht darin, die Oberfläche des Polycarbonats mit einer geeigneten Beschichtung zu versehen, die den UV-Anteil des Sonnenspektrums ohne Verschlechterung der Beschaffenheit des Materials vollständig absorbiert und in der Lage ist, die absorbierten UV-Photonen in sichtbare Photonen umzuwandeln.One possible way of preventing the degradation of polycarbonate due to UV radiation while utilizing the UV portion of the solar spectrum is to provide the surface of the polycarbonate with a suitable coating which will reduce the UV content of the solar spectrum without degrading the nature of the material completely absorbed and capable of converting the absorbed UV photons into visible photons.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Verwendung einer auf den Kunststoff aufzubringenden Schicht gelöst, die aus in trockener Sauerstoffatmosphäre stark oxidierten Si-Nanokristallen besteht, wobei die Si-Nanokristalle einen Si-Kern aufweisen, der von einer Oxidhülle umgeben ist. Überraschend hat sich gezeigt, dass mit einer derartigen Beschichtung versehene Polycarbonate unter UV-Bestrahlung nicht degradieren und im stark sichtbaren Spektralbereich photolumineszieren, wobei die Photolumineszenz durch die UV-Bestrahlung nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Die aus stark oxidierten Si-Nanokristallen bestehende Schicht zeigt bei Bestrahlung mit dem UV-Anteil des Sonnenlichtes keine Qualitätseinbußen. Dieser Teil des Sonnenspektrums wird demnach von den Si-Nanokristallen vollständig absorbiert und wirksam in Licht im roten Spektralbereich umgewandelt, welches beispielsweise in modernen Energiewandlern vom Absorber in Wärme umgewandelt werden kann. Der Wirkungsgrad derartiger Anlagen kann dadurch beträchtlich erhöht werden. Die Beschichtung verfügt dabei über ein mit dem Polycarbonat übereinstimmendes Absorptionsverhalten, nämlich bei Wellenlängen < 400 nm.According to the invention this object is achieved by the use of a layer to be applied to the plastic, which consists of strongly oxidized in dry oxygen atmosphere Si nanocrystals, wherein the Si nanocrystals have a Si core, which is surrounded by an oxide shell. Surprisingly, it has been shown that polycarbonates provided with such a coating do not degrade under UV irradiation and photoluminesce in the highly visible spectral range, wherein the photoluminescence is not impaired by the UV irradiation. The layer of highly oxidized Si nanocrystals shows no loss of quality when irradiated with the UV component of sunlight. Accordingly, this part of the solar spectrum is completely absorbed by the Si nanocrystals and effectively converted into light in the red spectral region which, for example, can be converted into heat by the absorber in modern energy converters. The efficiency of such systems can thereby be increased considerably. The coating has a matching with the polycarbonate absorption behavior, namely at wavelengths <400 nm.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der Beschichtung wird die Qualitätsverschlechterung von Polycarbonat infolge UV-Strahlung zusätzlich durch den Photolumineszenzeffekt weitestgehend verhindert. Das von der Schicht und dem Polycarbonat absorbierte UV-Licht wird dabei in sichtbares Licht umgewandelt. In modernen Energiewandlern wird dadurch nicht nur eine Qualitätsverschlechterung des Einhausungsmaterials verhindert, gleichzeitig werden auch die in der Einhausung befindlichen aktiven Geräte des Energiewandlers (Photovoltaik-Elemente und Absorber) vor einer durch UV-Bestrahlung hervorgerufenen Beschädigung geschützt.The inventive use of the coating, the deterioration of polycarbonate due to UV radiation is additionally largely prevented by the photoluminescent effect. The absorbed by the layer and the polycarbonate UV light is converted into visible light. In modern energy converters, this not only prevents a deterioration in the quality of the housing material, but at the same time also protects the active devices of the energy converter (photovoltaic elements and absorbers) in the enclosure against damage caused by UV irradiation.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006032936A DE102006032936B4 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2006-07-17 | Use of a layer of heavily oxidized Si nanocrystals for coating plastics |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006032936A DE102006032936B4 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2006-07-17 | Use of a layer of heavily oxidized Si nanocrystals for coating plastics |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102006032936A1 DE102006032936A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
| DE102006032936B4 true DE102006032936B4 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006032936A Expired - Fee Related DE102006032936B4 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2006-07-17 | Use of a layer of heavily oxidized Si nanocrystals for coating plastics |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| DE (1) | DE102006032936B4 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4495218A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1985-01-22 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Process for forming thin film |
-
2006
- 2006-07-17 DE DE102006032936A patent/DE102006032936B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4495218A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1985-01-22 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Process for forming thin film |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CA-Abstract mit AN: 126:96226, Dip. Fisica Materiale Technol. Fisiche Avanzate, Univ. Messina, Sant'Agata, I-98166, Italy, Photoluminescence from ion-beam cosputtered Si/SiO2 thin films, Allergrini,M.,Ciofi,C., Diligenti,A., Fuso,F., Nannini,A., Pellegrini,V., Pennelli,G., Solid State Communications (1996), 100 (6), 403-406 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| DE102006032936A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
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