CN209259726U - An integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity energy generation - Google Patents

Abstract

This application provides a kind of integral systems that can be generated electricity based on solar seawater desalination and salt error, comprising: desalination plant, salt error power generator and solar collecting device；Desalination plant successively includes: sea water layer, evaporation layer and condensed layer from bottom to up；Condensed layer is back taper condensation front, is provided with fresh water collecting slot immediately below the vertex of condensed layer；Evaporation layer is provided with heat absorption material, and heat absorption material leads to solar collecting device thermal conductivity to be connect, and is used for heating seawater；Sea water layer is provided with the first water inlet and the first water outlet；For importing seawater, the first water outlet is connected to first water inlet with salt error power generator.The application is by being discharged into salt error power generator for the concentrated seawater generated after sea water desalination, electric energy can be converted by salt error and dilutes concentrated seawater simultaneously, reduce the extent of the destruction of concentrated seawater discharge water environment, while the technical problem that sea water desalination Facilities Construction region caused by also solving because of concentrated seawater emission problem is limited.

Description

An integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity energy generation

technical field

This application relates to the field of new energy equipment, in particular to an integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity difference energy generation.

Background technique

The problem of water resources is a global environmental problem, and more than 97% of the water resources in the world are salt water such as sea water. Because seawater desalination has low energy consumption and abundant raw water resources, countries around the world regard seawater desalination as the most feasible and economical way to obtain fresh water. The green and sustainable seawater desalination methods developed by people at present mainly use solar heat for distillation, and then collect the distilled fresh water.

The process of seawater desalination will produce a large amount of high-concentration concentrated seawater. Direct discharge of concentrated seawater will cause damage to the ecological environment. The subsequent treatment of concentrated seawater is generally used for salt production or chemical production. Therefore, existing seawater desalination projects generally It needs to be built adjacent to salt pans or chemical plants to reduce transportation costs, but at the same time it also causes technical problems that the existing seawater desalination facility construction area is limited by the discharge of concentrated seawater.

Utility model content

This application provides an integrated system based on solar seawater desalination and salinity difference energy generation, which is used to solve the technical problem that the existing seawater desalination facility construction area is limited by the discharge of concentrated seawater.

This application provides an integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity energy generation, including: seawater desalination device, salinity power generation device and solar energy collection device;

The seawater desalination device sequentially includes: a seawater layer, an evaporation layer and a condensation layer from bottom to top;

The condensation layer is an inverted conical condensation surface, and a fresh water collection tank is arranged directly below the apex of the condensation layer;

The evaporating layer is provided with a heat absorbing material, and the heat absorbing material is thermally connected to the solar energy collection device for heating seawater;

The seawater layer is provided with a first water inlet and a first water outlet;

The first water inlet is used to introduce seawater, and the first water outlet communicates with the salinity difference power generation device.

Preferably, the seawater desalination device further includes: a cooling layer;

The cooling layer is arranged above the condensation layer and forms a closed cavity with the condensation layer;

The cooling layer is provided with a second water inlet and a second water outlet, the second water inlet is used to introduce seawater, and the second water outlet communicates with the first water inlet.

Preferably, the solar energy collection device specifically includes: a device frame, a focusing lens, a fixed-point focusing and tracking mechanism, and a solar energy transmission mechanism;

The device frame is used to fix the fixed point focus tracking mechanism and the solar energy conduction mechanism;

The first end of the solar energy conduction mechanism is fixed at the focal point of the focusing lens through a tapered base;

The second end of the solar energy conduction mechanism is fixedly connected to the heat absorbing material;

The solar energy conduction mechanism and the focusing lens are provided in one-to-one correspondence;

The fixed-focus focus tracking mechanism specifically includes: a variable frequency speed regulation motor and transmission parts, which are used to adjust the angle of the focus lens.

Preferably, the solar energy conduction mechanism is specifically a light pipe;

The first end of the light pipe is provided with a rotating paraboloid tip, and the rotating paraboloid tip is provided with an inner groove, and the opening of the inner groove faces the focusing lens;

Both the inner wall of the light guide tube and the inner wall of the inner groove are provided with a total reflection coating;

The second end of the light pipe is sealed by high light-transmitting glass, and is connected with the limiting hole provided in the heat absorbing material.

Preferably, the fixed focus tracking mechanism specifically further includes: a return spring;

The transmission parts specifically include: a driving gear, a driven gear, a transmission pole shaft and a rack;

The driving gear and the driven gear are engaged with the rack respectively;

The driving gear is used for linkage with the variable frequency speed regulating motor;

The driven gear is linked with the focusing lens through the transmission pole shaft;

One end of the return spring is fixedly connected to one end of the rack, and the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the device frame;

The driving gear is an incomplete gear.

Preferably, the salinity difference power generation device specifically includes: a third water inlet, an ion dialysis layer and a third water outlet;

The third water inlet, the ion dialysis layer and the third water outlet are sequentially connected;

The third water inlet is a double-pipe structure, including a water inlet for a concentrated solution channel and a water inlet for a dilute solution channel;

The water inlet of the concentrated solution channel is connected to the first water outlet, and the water inlet of the dilute solution channel is used to introduce fresh water or seawater of normal concentration;

The ion dialysis layer is used to convert salt difference energy into electrical energy.

Preferably, the focusing lens is specifically a Fresnel focusing lens.

Preferably, the heat absorbing material is specifically a black fiber blanket with a metal skeleton.

As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present application has the following advantages:

The application provides an integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity energy generation, including: a seawater desalination device, a salinity power generation device, and a solar energy collection device; the seawater desalination device includes from bottom to top: seawater layer, evaporation layer and a condensation layer; the condensation layer is an inverted cone condensation surface, and a fresh water collection tank is arranged directly below the apex of the condensation layer; the evaporation layer is provided with a heat absorbing material, and the heat absorbing material and the solar energy The collection device is thermally conductively connected for heating seawater; the seawater layer is provided with a first water inlet and a first water outlet; the first water inlet is used to introduce seawater, and the first water outlet is connected to the salinity difference The generator is connected.

This application discharges the concentrated seawater produced after seawater desalination into the salinity difference power generation device, converts the salt difference energy into electric energy through reverse electrodialysis and dilutes the concentrated seawater at the same time, so that the diluted concentrated seawater can be directly discharged into the sea, reducing the concentration The degree of damage to the water environment caused by seawater discharge also solves the technical problem of the limited construction area of seawater desalination facilities caused by the discharge of concentrated seawater.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity energy generation provided by the present application;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure and water flow direction of the seawater desalination device and the salinity difference power generation device in an integrated system based on solar seawater desalination and salinity difference power generation provided by the present application;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a solar collector in an integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity energy generation provided by the present application;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a solar conduction mechanism in an integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity energy generation provided by the present application;

FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of transmission parts and return springs in an integrated system based on solar desalination of seawater and salinity difference power generation provided by the present application.

Detailed ways

The embodiment of the present application provides an integrated system based on solar seawater desalination and salinity difference energy generation, which is used to solve the technical problem that the existing seawater desalination facility construction area is limited by the discharge of concentrated seawater.

In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the following The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this application.

Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, the embodiment of the present application provides an integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity difference energy generation, including: seawater desalination device 2, salinity difference power generation device 13 and solar energy collection device;

The seawater desalination device 2 includes from bottom to top: seawater layer 20, evaporation layer 40 and condensation layer 39;

The condensation layer 39 is an inverted conical condensation surface 15, and a fresh water collection tank is provided directly below the apex of the condensation layer 39;

The evaporating layer 40 is provided with a heat absorbing material, which is thermally connected to the solar collector for heating the seawater, wherein the heat absorbing material is fixed by several pillars arranged in the seawater layer;

The seawater layer 20 is provided with a first water inlet 19 and a first water outlet 21;

The first water inlet 19 is used to introduce seawater, and the first water outlet 21 communicates with the salinity difference power generation device 13 .

It should be noted that the usage method of this embodiment is specifically as follows: firstly, normal seawater is introduced into the seawater layer 20 of the seawater desalination device 2 through the first water inlet 19, and the solar heat absorbed by the heat absorbing material disposed on the seawater layer 20 The seawater is heated to promote the evaporation of the seawater, and the evaporated water vapor rises to the condensation layer 39 located on the upper layer of the seawater layer 20 and the evaporation layer 40 to condense into small water droplets and finally collects into the fresh water receiving tank 17, and then discharges to the fresh water collection container In the process, the step of seawater desalination is completed;

The seawater stored in the seawater layer 20 becomes dense seawater due to continuous evaporation of water. The concentrated seawater is pumped into the salinity difference power generation device 13 through the first water outlet 21, and the salinity difference energy is converted into electrical energy by the salinity difference power generation device 13, and At the same time, the concentrated seawater is diluted so that the diluted concentrated seawater can be directly discharged into the sea, which solves the technical problem that the existing seawater desalination facilities need to be built adjacent to salt fields or chemical plants;

The specific water flow direction is shown in Figure 2, where P in Figure 2 is a water pump.

Further, the seawater desalination device 2 also includes: a cooling layer 16;

The cooling layer 16 is arranged above the condensation layer 39, and forms a closed cavity with the condensation layer 39;

The cooling layer 16 is provided with a second water inlet 1 and a second water outlet 3 , the second water inlet 1 is used to introduce seawater, and the second water outlet 3 communicates with the first water inlet 19 .

It should be noted that the cooling layer 16 and the condensation layer 39 in this embodiment form a closed cavity structure, that is, the condensation layer 39 is the lower bottom surface of the cooling layer 16, and the seawater is introduced through the second water inlet 1 arranged on the cooling layer 16. , so that the seawater flows above the condensation layer 39, reducing the heat of the condensation layer 39 to improve the condensation efficiency, then importing the seawater layer 20 from the second water outlet 3 in the cooling layer 16 to carry out the seawater desalination step, and at the same time, flowing through the cooling layer 16 When the seawater absorbs the heat of the condensation layer 39, it also uses the absorbed heat to preheat the seawater, which further improves the efficiency of seawater evaporation.

Further, the solar energy collection device specifically includes: a device frame 6, a focusing lens 5, a fixed focus focus tracking mechanism and a solar energy transmission mechanism 4;

The device frame 6 is used to fix the fixed focus spotlight tracking mechanism and the solar energy conduction mechanism 4;

The first end of the solar energy conduction mechanism 4 is fixed at the focal point of the focusing lens through the conical base 7;

The second end of the solar energy conduction mechanism 4 is fixedly connected with the heat absorbing material;

The solar energy conduction mechanism 4 is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the focusing lens 5;

The fixed-focus focusing tracking mechanism specifically includes: a variable frequency speed regulating motor 9 and transmission parts for adjusting the angle of the focusing lens 5 .

It should be noted that the device frame 6 is used to support the focusing lens, the frequency conversion motor 9 and other transmission parts. When the sun rises, start the variable frequency speed regulation motor 9, and drive the focusing lens 5 to rotate at an angular speed of 15° per hour through the transmission parts, so as to achieve the purpose of tracking the sun

More specifically, the solar tracking device of this embodiment adopts a polar axis 8 type tracking mechanism, the focusing lens is supported by a U-shaped frame 48 , and the U-shaped frame 48 is fixed on the polar axis 8 and rotates with the polar axis 8 . Nuts are installed on the U-shaped frame 48 to regularly adjust the orientation of the focusing lens. The pole shaft 8 rotates through the power provided by the transmission parts, and then drives the U-shaped frame 48 to swing. The focal point of the focusing lens 5 is on the intersection of the extension line of the polar axis 8 and the axis of declination rotation. When the fixed-point focusing tracking mechanism tracks the sun, it can ensure that the focal point does not change in position.

Further, the solar energy conduction mechanism 4 is specifically a light pipe;

The first end of the light pipe is provided with a rotating paraboloid tip 44, and the rotating paraboloid tip 44 is provided with an inner groove, and the opening of the inner groove faces the focusing lens 5;

The inner wall of the light pipe and the inner wall of the inner groove are all provided with a total reflection coating;

The second end of the light pipe is sealed by high light-transmitting glass, and is connected with the limiting hole 41 arranged in the heat absorbing material;

The focal point of the inner groove of the rotating paraboloid tip 44 coincides with the focal point of the focusing lens 5 .

It should be noted that the focal point of the focusing lens 5 in this embodiment coincides with the focal point of the inner groove of the rotating paraboloid tip 44 . From the properties of parabola, it can be seen that the divergent light emitted from the focal point will emerge as parallel light after being reflected by the parabola. Utilizing this property, the focal point is focused on the focal point of the rotating paraboloid, and the light at the focal point of the focusing lens 5 is adjusted by the rotating paraboloid in the inner groove and then emitted in parallel, and the light is guided into the light guide tube, and the light is reflected from the The other side of the light guide exits. It is absorbed by the heat-absorbing material at the other end of the light pipe to achieve the purpose of heating.

Further, the fixed-point focus tracking mechanism specifically includes: a return spring 47;

The transmission parts specifically include: driving gear 45, driven gear 46, transmission pole shaft 8 and rack 43;

The driving gear 45 and the driven gear 46 are engaged with the rack 43 respectively;

The driving gear 45 is used for linkage with the variable frequency speed regulating motor 9;

The driven gear 46 is linked with the focus lens 5 through the transmission pole shaft 8;

One end of back-moving spring 47 is fixedly connected with one end of rack 43, and the other end of back-moving spring 47 is fixedly connected with device frame 6;

The driving gear 45 is an incomplete gear.

It should be noted that the present embodiment utilizes a U-shaped frame 48 and a nut to fix the focusing lens 5, and the U-shaped frame 48 is fixedly connected to one end of the polar shaft 8, and the other end of the polar shaft 8 is connected to the driven device set in the device frame 6. The gear 46 is connected, and the driving gear 45 connected with the frequency conversion speed regulating motor 9 is a semi-toothed structure (that is, the tooth profile only covers 180°), and the driving gear 45 drives the driven gear 46 to rotate through the rack 43. In addition, a spring is installed at one end of the rack 43. When the driving gear 45 turns to no teeth meshing, the spring will pull the rack 43 to reset, and the rack 43 drives the gear and the pole shaft 8 to rotate, further driving the picture frame to make it return. to the original position. When tracking the sun during the day, the spring is charged. After the tracking of the sun is completed, the driving gear 45 rotates to the position where there is no tooth meshing. The movable gear 46 and the pole shaft 8 reset together.

Return spring 47 makes tracking system reset automatically to collect the next day's solar energy. In this system, due to the existence of device frame 6, if the reset mode of rotating 360 ° is adopted, the rotation track of device frame 6 and the fixing of light guide tube 4 The seat will interfere, and the rotation of 360° means that the motor drives the gears to do work all day long, so the energy consumption is large. However, in the present invention, the motor runs idling in the state of no gear meshing, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced. For these two considerations, the present invention adopts a spring return method.

Further, the salinity difference power generation device 13 specifically includes: a third water inlet, an ion dialysis layer and a third water outlet;

The third water inlet, the ion dialysis layer and the third water outlet are sequentially connected;

The third water inlet is a double-pipe structure, including a water inlet 14 for a concentrated solution channel and a water inlet 10 for a weak solution channel;

The water inlet 14 of the concentrated solution channel is in communication with the first water outlet 21, and the water inlet 10 of the dilute solution channel is used to introduce fresh water or seawater of normal concentration;

The ion dialysis layer is used to convert the salt difference energy into electrical energy.

It should be noted that the casing of the salinity difference power generation device 13 is a cuboid. The two layers of the upper part are separated by a partition 32 and a partition 33 , and the lower part is also divided into two layers, separated by a partition 23 and a partition 24 . The middle part is an ion dialysis layer composed of anion and cation semipermeable membranes and anion and anode electrodes. The concentrated seawater is introduced into the concentrated solution layer through the water inlet 14 of the concentrated solution channel, and the ordinary seawater or the river water at the place where the river enters the sea is pumped into the water through the water inlet 10 of the dilute solution channel. The dilute solution layer, the concentrated solution and the dilute solution respectively flow into the gaps between multiple cation semipermeable membranes and anion semipermeable membranes, and generate electricity through reverse electrodialysis. Then it is discharged from the third water outlet 11. The cathode 29 and the anode 31 in the salt difference power generation device 13 will generate a potential difference, and the cathode 29 and the anode 31 are connected to the electrical appliance or the storage battery through the wires 30-a, 30-b, and the current can also be connected to the market through shaping and adjustment. Electricity.

Further, the focusing lens 5 is specifically a Fresnel focusing lens.

Further, the heat absorbing material is specifically a black fiber blanket with a metal skeleton.

It should be noted that this embodiment uses a black fiber blanket with a metal skeleton as the absorbing material for solar heat, wherein, according to the good thermal insulation effect of the fiber blanket and the loose and porous characteristics, the capillary action on the wet liquid is increased, and the effect of the metal skeleton It promotes heat conduction, thereby accelerating the evaporation of seawater and has good air permeability.

In the embodiment of the present application, the concentrated seawater produced after seawater desalination is discharged into the salinity difference power generation device 13, and the salinity difference energy is converted into electric energy through reverse electrodialysis, and the concentrated seawater is diluted at the same time, so that the diluted concentrated seawater can be directly discharged into the sea. It reduces the damage to the water environment caused by concentrated seawater discharge, realizes the organic combination of seawater desalination and salinity difference power generation, realizes the secondary utilization of concentrated seawater, and also solves the limited construction area of seawater desalination facilities caused by the discharge of concentrated seawater technical issues.

Above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be applied to the foregoing embodiments The technical solutions described in the examples are modified, or some of the technical features are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the application.

Claims (8)

1. An integrated system based on solar seawater desalination and salinity difference energy generation, comprising: a seawater desalination device, a salinity difference power generation device and a solar energy collection device; The seawater desalination device sequentially includes: a seawater layer, an evaporation layer and a condensation layer from bottom to top; The condensation layer is an inverted conical condensation surface, and a fresh water collection tank is arranged directly below the apex of the condensation layer; The evaporating layer is provided with a heat absorbing material, and the heat absorbing material is thermally connected to the solar energy collection device for heating seawater; The seawater layer is provided with a first water inlet and a first water outlet; The first water inlet is used to introduce seawater, and the first water outlet communicates with the salinity difference power generation device. 2. The integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity energy generation according to claim 1, wherein the seawater desalination device further comprises: a cooling layer; The cooling layer is arranged above the condensation layer and forms a closed cavity with the condensation layer; The cooling layer is provided with a second water inlet and a second water outlet, the second water inlet is used to introduce seawater, and the second water outlet communicates with the first water inlet. 3. The integrated system based on solar seawater desalination and salinity difference energy generation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the solar energy collection device specifically includes; mechanism; The device frame is used to fix the fixed point focus tracking mechanism and the solar energy conduction mechanism; The first end of the solar energy conduction mechanism is fixed at the focal point of the focusing lens through a tapered base; The second end of the solar energy conduction mechanism is fixedly connected to the heat absorbing material; The solar energy conduction mechanism and the focusing lens are provided in one-to-one correspondence; The fixed-focus focus tracking mechanism specifically includes: a variable-frequency speed-regulating motor and a transmission part, and the focusing lens is fixedly connected to the transmission part through a bracket. 4. The integrated system for generating electricity based on solar desalination and salinity difference energy according to claim 3, characterized in that, the solar energy conduction mechanism is specifically a light guide tube; The first end of the light pipe is provided with a rotating paraboloid tip, and the rotating paraboloid tip is provided with an inner groove, and the opening of the inner groove faces the focusing lens; The inner wall of the light guide tube and the inner wall of the inner groove are all provided with a total reflection coating; The second end of the light pipe is sealed by high light-transmitting glass, and is connected with the limit hole arranged in the heat absorbing material; The focal point of the inner groove of the tip of the paraboloid of revolution coincides with the focal point of the focusing lens. 5. The integrated system for power generation based on solar desalination and salinity difference energy according to claim 3, characterized in that, the fixed focus tracking mechanism further includes: a return spring; The transmission parts specifically include: a driving gear, a driven gear, a transmission pole shaft and a rack; The driving gear and the driven gear are engaged with the rack respectively; The driving gear is used for linkage with the variable frequency speed regulating motor; The driven gear is linked with the focusing lens through the transmission pole shaft; One end of the return spring is fixedly connected to one end of the rack, and the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the device frame; The driving gear is an incomplete gear. 6. The integrated system based on solar seawater desalination and salinity difference power generation according to claim 1, wherein the salinity difference power generation device specifically comprises: a third water inlet, an ion dialysis layer and a third water outlet; The third water inlet, the ion dialysis layer and the third water outlet are sequentially connected; The third water inlet is a double-pipeline structure, including a water inlet for a concentrated solution channel and a water inlet for a dilute solution channel; The water inlet of the concentrated solution channel is connected to the first water outlet, and the water inlet of the dilute solution channel is used to introduce fresh water or seawater of normal concentration; The ion dialysis layer is used to convert salt difference energy into electrical energy. 7 . The integrated system based on solar desalination and salinity difference power generation according to claim 3 , wherein the focusing lens is specifically a Fresnel focusing lens. 8. The integrated system based on solar desalination of seawater and salinity difference power generation according to claim 1, wherein the heat absorbing material is specifically a black fiber blanket with a metal skeleton.