CN118658646A - A heat removal system for a small offshore reactor containment and its containment - Google Patents
A heat removal system for a small offshore reactor containment and its containment Download PDFInfo
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- CN118658646A CN118658646A CN202410742139.7A CN202410742139A CN118658646A CN 118658646 A CN118658646 A CN 118658646A CN 202410742139 A CN202410742139 A CN 202410742139A CN 118658646 A CN118658646 A CN 118658646A
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011797 cavity material Substances 0.000 description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/243—Promoting flow of the coolant for liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/26—Promoting flow of the coolant by convection, e.g. using chimneys, using divergent channels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/28—Selection of specific coolants ; Additions to the reactor coolants, e.g. against moderator corrosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种海上小型堆安全壳热量导出系统及其安全壳，所述安全壳设置在反应堆压力容器的外部，所述热量导出系统包括设置在所述安全壳外部的热段、冷段和气流段；所述热段和冷段内均设有导热介质，所述热段与所述安全壳相连，所述冷段与所述热段相连，所述气流段与所述冷段相连；所述导热介质在温差条件下从所述热段向所述冷段进行循环流动，所述气流段通过气流流动带走所述冷段的热量。本发明通过独立设置的冷段和热段循环来吸收安全壳的热量，并通过气流段将热量导出，实现热段和冷段中导热介质和气流段内空气的独立运作，能够避免由于闭式承压结构导致的安装、焊接、管道设备的带来的制造和维护方面的困难。
The present invention discloses a heat extraction system for a small offshore reactor containment and its containment, wherein the containment is arranged outside the reactor pressure vessel, and the heat extraction system comprises a hot section, a cold section and an airflow section arranged outside the containment; a heat-conducting medium is arranged in both the hot section and the cold section, the hot section is connected to the containment, the cold section is connected to the hot section, and the airflow section is connected to the cold section; the heat-conducting medium circulates from the hot section to the cold section under a temperature difference condition, and the airflow section takes away the heat of the cold section through the airflow. The present invention absorbs the heat of the containment through the circulation of the independently arranged cold section and hot section, and extracts the heat through the airflow section, thereby realizing the independent operation of the heat-conducting medium in the hot section and the cold section and the air in the airflow section, and can avoid the difficulties in manufacturing and maintenance caused by the installation, welding, and pipeline equipment due to the closed pressure-bearing structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear reactor safety, in particular to a small-sized offshore reactor containment heat extraction system and a containment thereof.
Background
The containment is used as a reactor safety protection barrier, after a break accident or a fracture accident occurs in the nuclear power unit, the temperature and the pressure in the containment can rapidly rise, and when the containment is over-pressurized, internal radioactive substances can diffuse into the environment, so that environmental pollution is caused. Therefore, it is necessary to design a heat-conducting system of a containment to secure the inherent safety of the system. The existing heat conduction system generally utilizes gravity, natural circulation, compressed air and other natural forces to drive the system to conduct heat dissipation work, for example, a circulation loop for heat dissipation is achieved by generating driving force through density difference between cold and hot fluids, height difference between fluids, pressure difference between fluids and the like, external intervention is not needed, and inherent safety of the system can be guaranteed. Two-phase flow occurs in the circulation loop due to flash evaporation and boiling of fluid, so a closed pressure-bearing structure is generally adopted to ensure the stability of flow.
However, the closed pressure-bearing structure often has higher manufacturing requirements on installation, welding and pipeline equipment, and has higher maintenance cost, so that the input cost is higher. In addition, the existing passive containment heat conduction system needs external water tank water as a cold source, internal heat of the containment is conducted through evaporation phase change of water, after the water tank water is consumed, external energy means are needed to supplement water for the water tank, heat can be continuously carried out, the reliability requirement on an offshore small pile power system is high, and the system is difficult to operate and maintain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a heat-conducting system for a small-sized marine reactor containment and a containment thereof.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: constructing an offshore mini-stack containment heat removal system, the containment being disposed outside of a reactor pressure vessel, the heat removal system comprising a hot section, a cold section, and an air flow section disposed outside of the containment;
the hot section is in heat conduction connection with the containment vessel; the hot section is communicated with the cold section and is provided with a heat conducting medium; the heat conducting medium circularly flows in the hot section and the cold section under the temperature difference condition;
the air flow section is in heat conduction connection with the cold section, and the air flow section takes away heat of the cold section through air flow.
Preferably, the heat-conducting system further comprises a heat conducting cavity arranged outside the containment, the hot section and the cold section are flow channels arranged in the heat conducting cavity, the hot section is arranged on one side close to the containment, and the cold section is arranged on one side far away from the containment; the air flow section is an air cavity arranged outside the heat conducting cavity, and the air cavity is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet for forming air flow.
Preferably, the heat section is arranged at the periphery of the containment vessel in a heat conducting way and comprises a side wall section and a top wall section which are communicated with each other;
The cold section comprises a vertical section and a cooling groove which are communicated at the upper part; the vertical section is positioned outside the side wall section and is communicated with the side wall section at the lower part; the cooling trough is located outside the top wall section and an upper portion of the side wall section communicates with the cooling trough.
Preferably, an airflow space is formed above the heat conducting medium of the heat conducting cavity; the heat conducting cavity is provided with an air hole which is communicated with the air flow space and the air cavity; and the air in the air flow space enters the air cavity through the air holes so as to carry out heat of the heat conducting medium of the cooling groove.
Preferably, a heat insulation layer is arranged between the cold section and the hot section; the bottom surface of cooling tank is equipped with the insulating layer, perhaps the bottom surface and the side of cooling tank all are equipped with the insulating layer.
Preferably, the heat conducting medium is heat conducting oil.
Preferably, the heat section is formed by enclosing a plurality of irregular guide plates, and one side of the heat section is connected with the inner wall of the heat conducting cavity through a mounting plate; the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of through holes.
Preferably, the air inlet of the air cavity is arranged at one side of the air cavity, and the air outlet of the air cavity is arranged at the other side of the air cavity; or the air inlet of the air cavity is arranged on the side surface of the air cavity, and the air outlet of the air cavity is arranged on the top of the air cavity.
Preferably, the air inlet of the air cavity is arranged at the bottom of the side surface of the air cavity; or the air inlet of the air cavity is arranged at the top of the side surface of the air cavity, and an air flow passage corresponding to the air inlet of the air cavity is arranged in the air cavity.
Preferably, the air flow channel comprises a first air flow channel and a second air flow channel, one end of the first air flow channel is communicated with the air inlet of the air cavity, the other end of the first air flow channel is communicated with one end of the second air flow channel, the other end of the second air flow channel is communicated with the air outlet of the air cavity, and the second air flow channel is connected with the cold section.
Preferably, the first air flow path is formed by a baffle plate, one end of which is provided on an inner wall of the air chamber.
Preferably, a top cover is arranged at the top of the air cavity, and an air outlet of the air cavity is arranged on the side wall of the top cover.
A containment vessel employing the heat removal system of any of the preceding claims.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention absorbs the heat of the containment vessel through the circulation of the independently arranged cold section and hot section, and leads out the heat through the air flow section, thereby realizing the independent operation of the heat conducting medium in the hot section and the cold section and the air in the air flow section, and avoiding the difficulties in the aspects of installation, welding and manufacturing and maintenance brought by pipeline equipment due to the closed pressure-bearing structure.
The invention can operate and dissipate heat without depending on an external valve or water supplementing means, and improves the inherent safety of the system.
According to the invention, the heat conduction oil is used as the heat conduction medium, so that the independent operation of the heat conduction medium in the heat conduction cavity is ensured, the heat conduction medium is ensured to be single-phase in the operation process, the instability in the two-phase natural circulation process is avoided, and the reliability of the system operation is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings by those skilled in the art without the inventive effort. In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the internal structure of the heat removal system of the present invention, schematically indicated at 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the internal structure of the heat removal system of the present invention, schematically indicated at 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a cross-section A-A of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-a containment vessel; 2-reactor pressure vessel; 3-a heat conducting cavity; 4-a gas flow section; 41-air inlet; 42-air outlet; 31-hot section; 311-sidewall segments; 321-a top wall section; 32-cooling section; 321-vertical section; 33-cooling tank; 34-air holes; 35-mounting plates; 43-a first air flow passage; 44-a second air flow path; 45-deflector; 5-top cap.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are configured and operated in specific directions based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, not to indicate that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have specific directions, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
It should also be noted that unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "configured," and the like should be construed broadly, and may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. When an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be "directly" or "indirectly" on the other element or one or more intervening elements may also be present. The terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely for convenience in describing the present technology and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby features defining "first," "second," and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
Embodiment one:
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment proposes a small-sized offshore reactor containment heat extraction system, wherein a containment 1 is disposed outside a reactor pressure vessel 2, and the heat extraction system comprises a hot section 31, a cold section 32 and an air flow section 4 disposed outside the containment 1;
the heat section 31 is in heat conduction connection with the containment vessel 1; the hot section 31 is communicated with the cold section 32 and is provided with a heat conducting medium; the heat conducting medium circularly flows in the hot section 31 and the cold section 32 under the temperature difference condition;
the air flow section 4 is in heat conduction connection with the cold section 32, and the air flow section 4 takes away heat of the cold section 32 through air flow.
In the present embodiment, the heat in the containment vessel 1 is introduced or absorbed into the heat conducting medium of the thermal section 31 by the thermally conductive connection of the thermal section 31 to the containment vessel 1. The heat section 31 and the containment vessel 1 can be connected in a plurality of heat conduction modes, and only the connection between the heat section and the containment vessel is ensured to be contacted so as to transfer heat. Meanwhile, the heat section 31 spontaneously flows to the cold section 32 under the temperature difference condition due to heat absorption, the temperature difference condition comprises density reduction, spontaneous expansion and the like due to heat, the heat in the cold section 32 is taken away by the air flow way through the heat conduction connection of the cold section 32 and the air flow section 4, and the cooling medium in the cold section 32 is automatically circulated back to the heat section 31 after being cooled, so that the heat of the safety shell is absorbed again, and the circulation flow is realized. The heat-conducting connection between the air flow section 4 and the cold section 32 can be various, and only the connection between the two sections is ensured to be contacted so as to transfer heat.
Embodiment two:
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment is based on the first embodiment, in which the structural arrangements of the cold section 31, the hot section 32 and the air flow section 4 are further optimized: the heat conduction system further comprises a heat conduction cavity 3 arranged outside the containment, wherein the heat section 31 and the cold section 32 are flow channels arranged in the heat conduction cavity 3, the heat section 31 is arranged on one side close to the containment 1, and the cold section 32 is arranged on one side far away from the containment 1; the air flow section 4 is an air chamber arranged outside the heat conducting chamber 3, and the air chamber is provided with an air inlet 41 and an air outlet 42 for forming air flow.
In this embodiment, the heat conducting medium is heated by the heat conducting cavity 3 to flow in the internal flow channel, and then the heat is carried out to the atmosphere by the air cavity, so as to realize heat dissipation. Wherein the heat section 31 is a flow channel close to the surface of the containment vessel 1, and when the heat conducting medium is positioned in the flow channel, the heat released by the reactor pressure vessel 2 to the wall surface of the containment vessel 1 can be absorbed; the cold section 32 is a flow channel close to one side of the air cavity, and in the process of flowing in the flow channel, the heat conducting medium can release heat into the air cavity, so that the temperature is reduced along with the airflow in the air cavity.
In the present embodiment, a metallic material may be used as the cavity material of the heat conduction cavity 3. The heat conduction structure or mechanism can be used for realizing heat conduction through the part of heat section 31 close to being used for of containment 1 surface setting, also can set up the heat conduction material layer of laminating containment 1 surface under the circumstances of guaranteeing the seal, guarantees the isolation effect and the heat conduction effect of heat section 31 and containment 1. The thermal section 31 may be provided so as to be close to the entire surface of the containment vessel 1, or may be provided so as not to cover the entire surface but to cover only a part of the surface. For example, the heat section 31 may be disposed so as to cover a portion where heat of the containment vessel 1 is concentrated, for example, only the heat section 31 may be disposed close to the top surface or the side surface of the containment vessel 1.
Embodiment III:
in this embodiment, based on the second embodiment, the structures of the hot section 31 and the cold section 32 are further improved, as shown in fig. 2-4, the hot section 31 is arranged at the periphery of the containment vessel 1 in a heat conducting connection manner, and includes a side wall section 311 and a top wall section 312 which are communicated with each other;
The cold leg 32 includes a vertical leg 321 and a cooling tank 33 communicating at an upper portion; the vertical section 321 is located outside the side wall section 311 and communicates with the side wall section 311 at a lower portion; the cooling groove 33 is located outside the top wall section 312, and an upper portion of the side wall section 311 communicates with the cooling groove 33.
In the present embodiment, the cooling groove 33 is a groove structure near the top of the heat conduction cavity 3; the upper and lower parts of the side wall section 311 of the hot section 31 are provided with openings, and the top wall section 312 communicates with the side wall section 311; the upper and lower portions of the vertical section 321 of the cold leg 32 are provided with openings, the upper opening of the vertical section 321 communicates with the upper opening of the side wall section 311 and the cooling groove 33, respectively, and the lower opening of the vertical section 321 communicates with the lower opening of the side wall section 311. The way in which the side wall section 311 is communicated with the cooling tank 33 may be that the opening of the side wall section 311 is level with the notch of the cooling tank 33 (corresponding to the cooling tank 33 being embedded in the hot section 31), so as to ensure that the heat-conducting medium can naturally overflow into the cooling tank 33 when being heated and moved upwards, and the way in which the upper portion of the side wall section 311 is communicated with the vertical section 321 may also be used. The connection between the cooling tank 33 and the vertical section 321 may be through an opening or a groove formed on one side of the cooling tank 33, and the connection between the cooling tank 33 and the vertical section 321 is through the opening or the groove.
Further, an airflow space is formed above the heat conducting medium of the heat conducting cavity 3; the heat conducting cavity 3 is provided with an air hole 34 which is communicated with the air flow space and the air cavity; air in the air flow space enters the air chamber through the air holes 34 to carry heat of the heat conducting medium of the cooling tank 33.
The air holes 34 are arranged for the purpose that the air flow of the external air cavity is realized through the pair of air holes 34, the air flow at the top of the heat conducting cavity 3 concentrates the heat conducting medium absorbing heat through the cooling groove 33, and then the air flow formed by the air holes 34 at the top releases part of heat in the cooling groove 33 into the air cavity to be finally carried out to the atmosphere, so that the cooling speed of the cooling medium and the heat dissipation speed of the system are improved.
In operation, as shown by the arrow direction in fig. 2-3, the heat conducting medium in the side wall section 311 of the heat section 31 absorbs heat from the containment vessel, and then the density of the heat conducting medium at that position is reduced, and the heat conducting medium in the top wall section 312 moves towards the upper opening of the heat section 31 under the action of the density difference and gravity, and at the same time, the heat conducting medium moving to the upper opening enters the vertical section 321 and the cooling tank 33 of the cooling section 32 respectively. The heat conducting medium of the cooling groove 33 flows through the air flow formed by the top air hole 34 to remove part of heat, then enters the vertical section 321, the heat conducting medium in the vertical section 321 moves downwards under the action of gravity, and in the process, the heat conducting medium exchanges heat with the air flow in the air cavity to realize final cooling, and finally returns to the heat section 31 to realize the supplement of the heat section 31, and finally the circulation flow and heat dissipation of the heat conducting medium are completed.
Further, in the present embodiment, in order to avoid the influence between the hot leg 31, the cold leg 32, and the cooling tank 33, a heat insulating layer is provided between the cold leg 32 and the hot leg 31; the bottom surface of the cooling tank 33 is provided with a heat insulating layer, or both the bottom surface and the side surfaces of the cooling tank 33 are provided with heat insulating layers.
In this embodiment, the heat conducting medium is preferably heat conducting oil, and other heat conducting mediums which are not easy to volatilize can be selected.
Further describing the structure of the heat section in the present embodiment in detail, as shown in fig. 2-4, in the present embodiment, the heat section 31 is enclosed by a plurality of irregular guide plates, and one side of the heat section 31 is connected to the inner wall of the heat conducting cavity 3 through a mounting plate 35. In the above manner, the shaping and mounting of the thermal section 31 in the heat conducting cavity 3 is achieved.
Wherein, the mounting plate 35 is provided with a plurality of through holes for circulating the heat-conducting medium in the cold sections 32 at two sides of the mounting plate 35, so that the heat-conducting medium in different spaces in the cold sections 32 separated by the mounting plate 35 can be mutually complemented. Meanwhile, no through hole is provided on the mounting plate 35, the cooling sections 32 at different positions are separated by the mounting plate 35 and are respectively connected with the independent cooling grooves 33 correspondingly (as shown in the figure, the cooling sections 32 are separated to be connected with the four cooling grooves 33 correspondingly), and at the moment, the heat conducting medium in the different cooling grooves 33 returns to the hot section 31 again through the corresponding cooling sections 32.
In this embodiment, the shapes of the heat conducting cavity 3 and the air cavity are not particularly limited, that is, the cross-sectional shapes of the heat conducting cavity 3 and the air cavity are not particularly limited, and may be square as shown in the figure, or may be circular according to actual requirements. Only the heat conduction cavity 3 is required to be ensured to be coated outside the containment vessel 1, and the air cavity is required to be coated on the surface of the heat conduction cavity 3. Likewise, the specific shape or cross-sectional shape of the hot section 31, the cold section 32 and the air flow passage is not limited, and it is only necessary to ensure that the hot section 31 is disposed at a position close to the surface of the containment vessel 1, the cold section 32 is disposed between the hot section 31 and the air flow passage, and the cold section 32 communicates with the hot section 31.
In addition, in this embodiment, the number and shape of the air inlets 41 and the air outlets 42 of the air cavity are not specifically limited, and the shape and number of the air holes 34 of the heat conducting cavity 3 are not limited, and it is only necessary to ensure that the heat conducting cavity 3 is provided with at least one pair of air holes 34, so that the air in the air cavity can enter from one of the air holes 34, take away the heat at the top of the heat conducting cavity 3, and leave from the other air hole 34.
The workflow of the present embodiment:
When a large amount of heat is released into the containment vessel 1, the heat conducting medium located in the heat section 31 is heated and expanded, the density is reduced, the heat conducting medium in the heat section 31 (comprising the side wall section 311 and the top wall section 312) moves to the upper part of the heat conducting cavity 3 to overflow under the action of the density difference and gravity, and then flows into the cooling groove 33 and the upper part of the vertical section 321 of the cooling section 32 at the same time, the heat conducting medium in the cooling groove 33 enters the vertical section 321 after a part of the heat is released, meanwhile, the cold heat conducting medium in the vertical section 321 is acted by gravity, the part of the heat conducting medium which moves to the top of the heat conducting cavity 3 is complemented to move downwards, the heat is transferred to the surface of the heat conducting cavity 3 in the process to dissipate the heat, and finally, the heat conducting medium in the heat conducting cavity 3 forms natural circulation, so that the heat in the containment vessel 1 can be exported.
In the circulation process, external cold air enters through the air inlet 41 of the air cavity and is guided out through the air outlet 42 at the top, so that the heat on the surface of the heat conducting cavity 3, namely the heat in the cold section 32, is fully taken away, the cooling circulation is realized, and the heat in the containment vessel 1 is discharged to the atmosphere.
Wherein, the heat of the heat conducting medium in the cooling tank 33 is accumulated at the upper part of the heat conducting cavity 3, and then the air at the top of the heat conducting cavity 3 is heated, at this time, the air at the top of the heat conducting cavity 3 can be discharged through the air holes 34 at the top of the air cavity due to the air circulation of the external air cavity, and the hot heat conducting medium in the cooling tank 33 can dissipate a part of the heat in the above manner and then enter the vertical section 321. At this time, the heat conducting medium at the upper part of the vertical section 321 is the heat conducting medium of the heat section 31 and the heat conducting medium of the cooling tank 33 from which part of the heat is dissipated, and during the downward movement of the heat conducting medium at the upper part of the vertical section 321, the heat is carried away by the flow of the air in the air chamber and the sufficient contact with the surface of the heat conducting chamber 3, and finally flows to the lower part of the vertical section 321 and enters the heat section 31 again through the side wall section 311, and the heat conducting medium entering the heat section 31 again becomes the cooled heat conducting medium, and then continues to absorb the heat on the surface of the containment vessel 1.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment are:
Under the above structure setting, because the pressure in the heat conduction cavity 3 is normal pressure, and the heat conduction cavity 3 top is the air space, the difficulty in the aspects of installation, welding, manufacturing and maintenance brought by pipeline equipment due to the closed pressure-bearing structure is avoided. And when the heat conducting oil is used, the saturation temperature is higher, and the heat conducting oil is single-phase in the operation process, so that the instability of the two-phase natural circulation process is avoided, and the operation reliability of the system is improved. Meanwhile, the system of the invention does not depend on any external means (opening and closing the valve and supplementing water) for automatic operation, thereby improving the inherent safety of the system. In addition, the system does not need a penetrating piece of the containment vessel 1, and the integrity of the containment vessel 1 is ensured.
Embodiment four:
the present embodiment is based on the second or third embodiment, and further optimizes the arrangement of the air inlet and the air outlet in the air chamber, in this embodiment, the air inlet 41 of the air chamber is arranged at one side of the air chamber, and the air outlet 42 of the air chamber is arranged at the other side of the air chamber; or the air inlet 41 of the air chamber is arranged at the side of the air chamber, and the air outlet 42 of the air chamber is arranged at the top of the air chamber.
In this embodiment, the air flow in the air chamber is realized through the air inlet and the air outlet, and therefore, the air inlet and the air outlet in the above manner are arranged to realize the required air flow effect.
In the latter of the above modes, the air inlet may be provided at a position: the air inlet 41 of the air cavity is arranged at the bottom of the side surface of the air cavity; or the air inlet 41 of the air cavity is arranged at the top of the side surface of the air cavity, and an air flow passage corresponding to the air inlet 41 of the air cavity is arranged in the air cavity. When the air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the side surface of the air cavity, external air can directly enter the air cavity from the bottom and then be led out from the top, so that the air is ensured to be fully contacted with the surface of the heat conducting cavity 3, namely the surface of the cold section 32 when flowing, and heat dissipation is realized; when the air inlet 41 is arranged at the top of the air cavity, the air inlet can be more suitable for external air flow in the offshore environment, the external air flow can be better led in from the air inlet 41, the air flow channel can reduce the space for air flow, the air flow speed in the air cavity is improved, the heat is further accelerated to be taken away, and the heat dissipation speed is improved.
Referring to fig. 2-3, the air flow path includes a first air flow path 43 and a second air flow path 44, wherein one end of the first air flow path 43 is communicated with the air inlet 41 of the air chamber, the other end of the first air flow path 43 is communicated with one end of the second air flow path 44, the other end of the second air flow path 44 is communicated with the air outlet 42 of the air chamber, and the second air flow path 44 is connected with the cold section 32. Wherein the first air flow channel 43 is arranged at one side of the air cavity close to the air inlet 41, and the second air flow channel 44 is arranged at one side of the air cavity close to the surface of the heat conducting cavity 3. After entering through the air inlet 41 at the top, the air is first accelerated through the first air flow channel 43, and the accelerated air rapidly flows in the second air flow channel 44, so that heat on the surface of the heat conducting cavity 3 is rapidly taken away, and finally flows out from the air outlet 42.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2-3, the first air flow channel 43 is formed by a baffle 45, and one end of the baffle 45 is disposed on the inner wall of the air chamber. That is, in the figure, the cross section of the deflector 45 is in an inverted L shape, so that the air entering from the air inlet 41 can be guided to the bottom of the air chamber, and the air can naturally flow from the bottom to the top of the air chamber, and further, the air can contact with the surface of the heat conducting chamber 3 in the largest area, and the heat of the surface can be taken away.
Fifth embodiment:
The fourth embodiment is based on the improvement of the structure of the top of the air chamber, as shown in fig. 3, the top of the air chamber is provided with a top cover 5, and the air outlet 42 of the air chamber is arranged on the side wall of the top cover 5. The top cover 5 is arranged to be a barrier at the top to protect the inside, so that external pollutant substances, rainwater and the like are prevented from directly entering from the top, the environment in the air cavity is influenced, and the problems of reduced heat exchange rate and the like caused by the pollution of the outside substances can be avoided.
Example six:
The present embodiment provides a containment vessel, to which the heat removal system of any one of the above embodiments one to five is applied. In this embodiment, other structures or mechanisms constituting the containment vessel may be used in the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.
It is to be understood that the above examples only represent preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention; it should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention; therefore, all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410742139.7A CN118658646A (en) | 2024-06-07 | 2024-06-07 | A heat removal system for a small offshore reactor containment and its containment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410742139.7A CN118658646A (en) | 2024-06-07 | 2024-06-07 | A heat removal system for a small offshore reactor containment and its containment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120089421A (en) * | 2025-05-06 | 2025-06-03 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Passive containment cooling system for nuclear power plants |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120089421A (en) * | 2025-05-06 | 2025-06-03 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Passive containment cooling system for nuclear power plants |
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