CN117080519A - Fuel cell stack, and assembly method and application thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell stack, and assembly method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117080519A
CN117080519A CN202311272427.2A CN202311272427A CN117080519A CN 117080519 A CN117080519 A CN 117080519A CN 202311272427 A CN202311272427 A CN 202311272427A CN 117080519 A CN117080519 A CN 117080519A
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China
Prior art keywords
gas diffusion
diffusion layer
membrane
layer
film
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CN202311272427.2A
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Inventor
谢晓晓
王英
漆海龙
赵小震
周小草
朱青云
杨晶
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China Automotive Innovation Corp
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China Automotive Innovation Corp
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Priority to CN202311272427.2A priority Critical patent/CN117080519A/en
Publication of CN117080519A publication Critical patent/CN117080519A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a fuel cell stack, an assembling method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The fuel cell stack comprises bipolar plates and membrane electrodes which are alternately stacked, wherein the membrane electrodes comprise a first gas diffusion layer, a frame membrane, a catalyst coating membrane and a second gas diffusion layer which are sequentially stacked, the frame membrane comprises a base material and adhesive layers arranged on two sides of the base material, and the adhesive layers are respectively attached to the first gas diffusion layer, the second gas diffusion layer and the catalyst coating membrane; the method for assembling the fuel cell stack comprises the following steps: sequentially and alternately stacking and fixing bipolar plates and membrane electrodes; and introducing gas into the cooling liquid flow channel in the bipolar plate, wherein the temperature of the gas is higher than the solidification temperature of the adhesive layer. The assembling method can fix the membrane electrode in an integrated heating mode, combines the galvanic pile assembling and membrane electrode packaging steps, simplifies the process steps, improves the quality of the membrane electrode, reduces the process difficulty, and is suitable for large-scale production and application.

Description

Fuel cell stack, and assembly method and application thereof
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular, to a fuel cell stack, and an assembling method and application thereof.
Background
The membrane electrode assembly Catalyst Coated Membrane (CCM) is a core component of a fuel cell stack, and is produced by coating a cathode catalyst layer and an anode catalyst layer on both sides of a proton exchange membrane. The traditional packaging technology is to fix CCM between the front and back frames to form a five-in-one structure of frame-catalyst-proton exchange membrane-catalyst-frame, and then to attach gas exchange layers (GDL) on the front and back sides to form a seven-in-one Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). Bipolar plates and membrane electrodes which have the functions of distributing, collecting, conducting and sealing gas are alternately overlapped to form a serial structure of a plurality of single batteries, and then the serial structure is pressed by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a compensation device and then fixed, thus forming the fuel cell stack.
However, the conventional double-layer membrane electrode packaging process has a plurality of defects in mass production, such as large consumption of materials for two layers of frames, low material utilization rate, and easy occurrence of bubbles between the double-layer frame films to cause air leakage in the use process.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the application provides a fuel cell stack, and an assembling method and application thereof. The fuel cell stack saves frame membrane materials, solves the problem that bubbles or other lamination defects are easy to generate in lamination packaging of double frames, can fix the membrane electrode in an integrated heating mode, combines the steps of assembling the stack and packaging the membrane electrode, simplifies the process steps, improves the quality of the membrane electrode, reduces the process difficulty, and is suitable for large-scale production and application.
In a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for assembling a fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack including bipolar plates and membrane electrodes alternately stacked, the membrane electrodes including a first gas diffusion layer, a frame film, a catalyst coating film, and a second gas diffusion layer stacked in this order, the frame film including a base material and adhesive layers disposed on both sides of the base material, the adhesive layers being bonded to the first gas diffusion layer, the second gas diffusion layer, and the catalyst coating film, respectively; the method for assembling the fuel cell stack comprises the following steps:
alternately stacking and fixing the bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes in sequence;
and introducing gas into the cooling liquid flow channel in the bipolar plate, wherein the temperature of the gas is higher than the solidification temperature of the adhesive layer.
In some embodiments, the alternately stacking and fixing the bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes in sequence includes the steps of:
stacking a first bipolar plate, the first gas diffusion layer, the frame film, the catalyst coating film, the second gas diffusion layer and a second bipolar plate to obtain an intermediate;
pressure is applied to the intermediate and fixed.
In some embodiments, the pressure is from 30kN to 120kN.
In some embodiments, the gas is introduced for a period of time ranging from 10 minutes to 60 minutes.
In some embodiments, the bezel film has a thickness of 80 μm to 200 μm.
In some embodiments, the catalyst coated film has a thickness that is less than the thickness of the frame film.
In some embodiments, the catalyst coated film has a thickness of 15 μm to 40 μm.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the first gas diffusion layer and the thickness of the second gas diffusion layer are each independently 100 μm to 300 μm.
In some embodiments, the cure temperature of the glue layer is from 90 ℃ to 200 ℃.
In some embodiments, the material of the glue layer includes one or more of epoxy and phenolic.
In some embodiments, the substrate comprises one or more of PI, PET, PEN, PEEK and PPS.
In some embodiments, the catalyst coating film comprises a proton exchange film, a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer, wherein the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer are respectively arranged on two sides of the proton exchange film, the projection of the first catalyst layer and the projection of the second catalyst layer are both in the range of the proton exchange film, the proton exchange film is attached to the adhesive layer, and the second catalyst layer is attached to the second gas diffusion layer.
In some embodiments, the proton exchange membrane comprises one or more of a perfluorosulfonic acid resin homogeneous membrane, a reinforced perfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane, a hydrocarbon sulfonic acid resin homogeneous membrane, and a reinforced hydrocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane.
In some embodiments, the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer each independently comprise one or more of carbon fiber paper, carbon fiber non-woven fabric, and carbon black paper.
In some embodiments, the substrate is provided with a hollowed-out area, a projection of the hollowed-out area is located within a range of the first catalyst layer, and a projection of the hollowed-out area is located within a range of the second catalyst layer.
In some embodiments, the first gas diffusion layer, the second gas diffusion layer, the proton exchange membrane, and the border membrane are all rectangular.
In some embodiments, each side of the first gas diffusion layer is 10mm to 40mm greater than the corresponding side of the proton exchange membrane.
In some embodiments, each side of the second gas diffusion layer is 10mm to 40mm greater than the corresponding side of the proton exchange membrane.
In some embodiments, each side of the second gas diffusion layer is attached to the corresponding adhesive layer of the frame film by a width of 5mm to 20mm.
In some embodiments, the first gas diffusion layer is the same size as the second gas diffusion layer.
In some embodiments, the center points of the bipolar plate, the first gas diffusion layer, the border membrane, the catalyst coated membrane, and the second gas diffusion layer are collinear.
In some embodiments, the projection of the first gas diffusion layer, the projection of the bezel film, the projection of the catalyst coated film, and the projection of the second gas diffusion layer are all within the range of the bipolar plate.
In a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a fuel cell stack assembled by the assembly method according to the first aspect of the present application.
In a third aspect of the present application, there is provided an electric device including at least one of a fuel cell stack assembled by the assembly method according to the first aspect of the present application and a fuel cell stack according to the second aspect of the present application.
Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell stack and the assembly method and application thereof have at least the following advantages:
(1) The membrane electrode in the fuel cell stack is a single-frame membrane electrode, compared with a double-layer frame, the frame membrane material is saved, and the problem that bubbles or other lamination defects are easy to generate in lamination packaging of the double-layer frame is solved;
(2) In the method for assembling the fuel cell stack, the membrane electrode can be fixed in an integrated heating mode, and the steps of assembling the stack and packaging the membrane electrode are combined, so that the process steps are simplified, the quality of the membrane electrode is improved, the process difficulty is reduced, and the method is suitable for large-scale production and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a membrane electrode according to an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame film according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is an assembly schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a sectional anatomic view of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional anatomic view of a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a catalyst coated membrane according to an embodiment of the present application.
10-a fuel cell stack; 20-membrane electrode; 30-bipolar plate; 31-a cooling liquid flow passage; 32-hydrogen flow channels; 33-air flow passage; 34-hydrogen chamber; 35-a cooling liquid cavity; 36-air chamber; 37-a diversion area; 38-active region; 100-frame film; 110-a substrate; 120-glue layer; 130-hollow areas; 200-catalyst coated membrane; 210-proton exchange membrane; 220-a first catalyst layer; 230-a second catalyst layer; 300-a first gas diffusion layer; 400-a second gas diffusion layer; 500-a first bipolar plate; 600-a second bipolar plate.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described more fully hereinafter in order to facilitate an understanding of the present application. Preferred embodiments of the application are given in the detailed description. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "plurality" in the present application means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the methods of the embodiments or examples, the order of writing the steps is not meant to be a strict order of execution and the detailed order of execution of the steps should be determined by their functions and possible inherent logic. All the steps of the present application may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially, unless otherwise specified. For example, the method comprises steps (a) and (b), meaning that the method may comprise steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may comprise steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may further include step (c), which means that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), may include steps (a), (c) and (b), may include steps (c), (a) and (b), and the like.
In the application, the technical characteristics described in an open mode comprise a closed technical scheme composed of the listed characteristics and also comprise an open technical scheme comprising the listed characteristics.
The application provides an assembly method of a fuel cell stack, which comprises bipolar plates and membrane electrodes which are alternately stacked, wherein the membrane electrodes comprise a first gas diffusion layer, a frame membrane, a catalyst coating membrane and a second gas diffusion layer which are sequentially stacked, the frame membrane comprises a base material and adhesive layers arranged on two sides of the base material, and the adhesive layers are respectively attached to the first gas diffusion layer, the second gas diffusion layer and the catalyst coating membrane; the method for assembling the fuel cell stack comprises the following steps:
sequentially and alternately stacking and fixing bipolar plates and membrane electrodes;
and introducing gas into the cooling liquid flow channel in the bipolar plate, wherein the temperature of the gas is higher than the solidification temperature of the adhesive layer.
In the conventional assembly method of the fuel cell stack, the membrane electrode is packaged first, and then the packaged membrane electrode and the bipolar plate are assembled to form the fuel cell stack, in the above embodiment, the adhesive layer has certain viscosity, and after the components (the first gas diffusion layer, the frame film, the catalyst coating film and the second gas diffusion layer) of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode are directly stacked and fixed in turn, gas is introduced into the cooling liquid flow channel, and because the bipolar plate has good heat conductivity, the heat of the gas can be quickly and efficiently transferred to the adhesive layer through modes of heat conduction, heat convection, heat radiation and the like, so that the components of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode are solidified, and the components of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode are effectively fixed. In the method for assembling the fuel cell stack, the membrane electrode can be fixed in an integrated heating mode, and the steps of assembling the stack and packaging the membrane electrode are combined, so that the process steps are simplified, the quality of the membrane electrode is improved, the process difficulty is reduced, and the method is suitable for large-scale production and application. And the membrane electrode in the fuel cell stack is a single-frame membrane electrode, compared with a double-layer frame membrane, the frame membrane material is saved, and the problem that bubbles or other lamination defects are easy to generate in lamination packaging of the double-layer frame is solved. The gas is a high-temperature gas, and may be saturated steam, for example. The saturated steam is water as raw material, and is convenient, clean and low in cost when being introduced into the cooling liquid flow channel.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 to 6, the fuel cell stack 10 includes bipolar plates 30 and membrane electrodes 20 alternately stacked, the membrane electrodes 20 include a first gas diffusion layer 300, a frame membrane 100, a catalyst coating film 200, and a second gas diffusion layer 400 sequentially stacked, the frame membrane 100 includes a substrate 110 and adhesive layers 120 disposed on both sides of the substrate, and the adhesive layers 120 are respectively adhered to the first gas diffusion layer 300, the second gas diffusion layer 400, and the catalyst coating film 200; the method of assembling the fuel cell stack 10 includes the steps of:
the bipolar plates 30 and the membrane electrodes 20 are alternately stacked and fixed in sequence;
a gas is introduced into the coolant flow channels 31 in the bipolar plate 30 and the temperature of the gas is above the solidification temperature of the glue layer 120.
It should be noted that the oblique arrangement of the layers of the fuel cell stack in fig. 4 is only for better showing the first bipolar plate, the first gas diffusion layer, the frame film, the catalyst coating film, the second gas diffusion layer and the second bipolar plate, and the arrangement direction of the layers of the fuel cell stack may be selected as the vertical direction of the fuel cell stack in fig. 4 or the thickness direction of the first bipolar plate.
In some embodiments, alternately stacking and affixing bipolar plates and membrane electrodes in sequence comprises the steps of:
stacking the first bipolar plate, the first gas diffusion layer, the frame film, the catalyst coating film, the second gas diffusion layer and the second bipolar plate to obtain an intermediate;
pressure is applied to the intermediate and fixed.
Thus, the components in the intermediate body can be temporarily bonded without displacement during assembly. The fuel cell stack further includes components such as a front end plate, a rear end plate, a compensating device, and fasteners, and the intermediate body is stacked and assembled with the front end plate, the rear end plate, and the compensating device, and pressure is applied, and the components are fixed by the fasteners (e.g., screws). Alternatively, the pressure is 30kN to 120kN, which may include, for example, but is not limited to: 30kN, 40kN, 50kN, 60kN, 70kN, 80kN, 90kN, 100kN, 110kN, 120kN. Controlling the assembly pressure of the fuel cell stack to the above range can further improve the electrical performance of the fuel cell stack. Too small an assembly pressure of the fuel cell stack can result in poor contact of the components, excessive cell contact resistance, and possible stack seal failure and gas leakage. The fuel cell stack assembly pressure is too high, the mechanical pressure between the components is too high, the porosity of the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer becomes small, the gas mass transfer resistance is increased, the cell reaction is affected, and the excessive pressure can also cause mechanical damage to the components.
The number of the bipolar plates may be n+1, where n is a positive integer, and the number of the membrane electrodes may be one or more. When the number of the membrane electrodes is 1, the number of the first gas diffusion layers, the frame membrane, the catalyst coating membrane and the second gas diffusion layers is 1, the number of the bipolar plates is 2, and when the first bipolar plates, the first gas diffusion layers, the frame membrane, the catalyst coating membrane, the second gas diffusion layers and the second bipolar plates are stacked in sequence, the pressure applied to each layer can be 20N-200N, and the time can be 5 s-30 s. For example, the applied pressure may be 20N, 40N, 60N, 80N, 100N, 120N, 140N, 160N, 180N, 200N and the time may be 5s, 10s, 15s, 20s, 25s, 30s.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, alternately stacking and fixing the bipolar plate 30 and the membrane electrode 20 in sequence includes the steps of:
stacking the first bipolar plate 500, the first gas diffusion layer 300, the frame film 100, the catalyst coating film 200, the second gas diffusion layer 400, and the second bipolar plate 600 to obtain an intermediate;
pressure is applied to the intermediate and fixed.
In the above embodiment, the number of bipolar plates 30 is two, the number of membrane electrodes is 1, and the first bipolar plate 500, the first gas diffusion layer 300, the frame film 100, the catalyst coated film 200, the second gas diffusion layer 400, and the second bipolar plate 600 may be stacked in this order to obtain an intermediate.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 6-7, bipolar plate 30 is provided with a coolant flow channel 31, a hydrogen flow channel 32, an air flow channel 33, a hydrogen chamber 34, a coolant chamber 35, an air chamber 36, a flow guiding region 37, and an active region 38, the coolant flow channel 31 and the coolant chamber 35 are in communication, the hydrogen flow channel 32 and the hydrogen chamber 34 are in communication, and the air flow channel 33 and the air chamber 36 are in communication.
In some embodiments, the gas is introduced for a period of time ranging from 10 minutes to 60 minutes. Therefore, the bonding strength between the adhesive layer and the first gas diffusion layer, the bonding strength between the adhesive layer and the second gas diffusion layer and between the adhesive layer and the catalyst coating film can be further improved, and the quality of the membrane electrode can be improved, so that the electrical performance of the fuel cell stack can be further improved. It is understood that the time for the gas to be introduced includes, but is not limited to: 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, 35min, 40min, 45min, 50min, 55min, 60min.
In some embodiments, the bezel film has a thickness of 80 μm to 200 μm. The thickness of the frame film is controlled within the above range, which is advantageous for realizing the supporting effect. It is understood that the thickness of the bezel film includes, but is not limited to: 80 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, 140 μm, 160 μm, 180 μm, 200 μm.
In some embodiments, the catalyst coated film has a thickness that is less than the thickness of the frame film. Therefore, the frame film is beneficial to realizing sealing and supporting effects.
In some embodiments, the catalyst coated film has a thickness of 15 μm to 40 μm. It is understood that the thickness of the catalyst coated membrane includes, but is not limited to: 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the first gas diffusion layer and the thickness of the second gas diffusion layer are each independently 100 μm to 300 μm. It is understood that the thickness of the first gas diffusion layer and the thickness of the second gas diffusion layer each independently include: 100 μm, 120 μm, 150 μm, 180 μm, 200 μm, 230 μm, 250 μm, 270 μm, 300 μm.
In some embodiments, the cure temperature of the glue layer is from 90 ℃ to 200 ℃. It is understood that the curing temperature of the glue layer includes, but is not limited to: 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃, 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 180 ℃, 190 ℃, 200 ℃. The curing temperature of the adhesive layer is determined according to the material of the adhesive layer.
In some alternative embodiments, the material of the glue layer includes one or more of epoxy and phenolic. The epoxy resin and the phenolic resin can be cured after being heated, and have the advantages of strong adhesive force, moisture resistance, high and low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, excellent electrical insulation performance, environmental friendliness, low pollution and the like. The adhesive layer may be a thermosetting thermosol or an adhesive film. For example, the curing temperature of the adhesive layer is 90 ℃, and the adhesive layer can be cured by introducing a gas of 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃, 150 ℃ or 160 ℃ into the cooling liquid flow channel in the bipolar plate.
In some embodiments, the material of the substrate includes one or more of PI (polyimide), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), and PPS (polyphenylene sulfide).
In some embodiments, the catalyst coating film comprises a proton exchange film, a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer which are respectively arranged on two sides of the proton exchange film, the projection of the first catalyst layer and the projection of the second catalyst layer are both in the range of the proton exchange film, the proton exchange film is attached to the adhesive layer, and the second catalyst layer is attached to the second gas diffusion layer. Thereby, the sealing effect of the frame film is facilitated.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 8, the catalyst coating film 200 includes a proton exchange film 210, and a first catalyst layer 220 and a second catalyst layer 230 disposed on both sides of the proton exchange film 210, respectively, and the projection of the first catalyst layer 220 and the projection of the second catalyst layer 230 are within the range of the proton exchange film 210, the proton exchange film 210 is attached to the adhesive layer 120, and the second catalyst layer 230 is attached to the second gas diffusion layer 400. Thereby, the sealing effect of the frame film 100 is advantageously achieved. The adhesive layer 120 may be linear or planar, so that the components of the membrane electrode 20 may be bonded without falling off.
In some embodiments, the proton exchange membrane comprises one or more of a perfluorosulfonic acid resin homogeneous membrane, a reinforced perfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane, a hydrocarbon sulfonic acid resin homogeneous membrane, and a reinforced hydrocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane.
In some embodiments, the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer each independently comprise one or more of carbon fiber paper, carbon fiber non-woven fabric, and carbon black paper.
In some embodiments, the substrate is provided with a hollowed-out area, a projection of the hollowed-out area is located within a range of the first catalyst layer, and a projection of the hollowed-out area is located within a range of the second catalyst layer. Thereby, the sealing effect of the frame film is facilitated.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2-4 and 8, the substrate 110 is provided with the hollowed-out area 130, the projection of the hollowed-out area 130 is located within the range of the first catalyst layer 220, and the projection of the hollowed-out area 130 is located within the range of the second catalyst layer 230. Thereby, the sealing effect of the frame film 100 is advantageously achieved. In the fuel cell stack assembled according to the above-mentioned assembly method, the edge of the hollowed-out area 130 may be completely flush with the edge of the first catalyst layer 220, or the first catalyst layer 220 may completely cover the hollowed-out area 130; the edge of the hollowed-out area 130 is completely flush with the edge of the second catalyst layer 230, or the second catalyst layer 230 can completely cover the hollowed-out area 130.
In some embodiments, the first gas diffusion layer, the second gas diffusion layer, the proton exchange membrane, and the border membrane are all rectangular.
In some alternative embodiments, each side of the first gas diffusion layer is 10mm to 40mm greater than the side of the corresponding proton exchange membrane. Therefore, the bonding of the first gas diffusion layer and the frame film is facilitated.
In some alternative embodiments, each side of the second gas diffusion layer is 10mm to 40mm greater than the corresponding side of the proton exchange membrane. Thereby, the bonding of the second gas diffusion layer and the frame film is facilitated.
In the above embodiments, "corresponding" refers to the side length of the proton exchange membrane corresponding to the side length of the first gas diffusion layer/the second gas diffusion layer, for example: the length of the first gas diffusion layer is 20mm longer than the length of the proton exchange membrane, and the width of the second gas diffusion layer is 20mm wider than the width of the proton exchange membrane; or the length of the second gas diffusion layer is 30mm longer than the length of the proton exchange membrane, and the width of the second gas diffusion layer is 25mm wider than the width of the proton exchange membrane.
In some alternative embodiments, each edge of the second gas diffusion layer is attached to the glue layer of the corresponding border film by a width of 5mm to 20mm. Therefore, the bonding of the second gas diffusion layer and the adhesive layer of the frame film is facilitated.
In some alternative embodiments, the first gas diffusion layer is the same size as the second gas diffusion layer.
In some embodiments, the center points of the bipolar plate, the first gas diffusion layer, the border membrane, the catalyst coated membrane, and the second gas diffusion layer are collinear.
In some embodiments, the projection of the first gas diffusion layer, the projection of the border membrane, the projection of the catalyst coated membrane, and the projection of the second gas diffusion layer are all within the scope of the bipolar plate.
Another embodiment of the application provides a fuel cell stack, which comprises bipolar plates and membrane electrodes which are alternately stacked, wherein the membrane electrodes comprise a first gas diffusion layer, a frame membrane, a catalyst coating membrane and a second gas diffusion layer which are sequentially stacked, the frame membrane comprises a base material and adhesive layers arranged on two sides of the base material, and the adhesive layers are attached to the first gas diffusion layer, the second gas diffusion layer and the catalyst coating membrane.
The adhesive layer in the fuel cell stack has certain viscosity, and after the components (the first gas diffusion layer, the frame film, the catalyst coating film and the second gas diffusion layer) of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode are directly stacked and fixed in turn, gas is introduced into the cooling liquid flow channel of the bipolar plate, and because the bipolar plate has good heat conductivity, the heat of the gas can be quickly and efficiently transferred to the adhesive layer through heat conduction, heat convection, heat radiation and other modes, so that the components of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode are solidified, and the components of the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode are effectively fixed. The membrane electrode in the fuel cell stack is a single-frame membrane electrode, compared with a double-layer frame, the frame membrane electrode saves frame membrane materials, and solves the problem that bubbles or other lamination defects are easy to generate in lamination packaging of the double-layer frame.
In some embodiments, the fuel cell stack is assembled by the above-described assembly method.
In another embodiment, the present application provides an electric device, which includes a fuel cell stack assembled by the above-mentioned assembly method and at least one of the above-mentioned fuel cell stacks. The fuel cell stack may include, but is not limited to, being used as a power source or energy storage unit in the electric utility devices including, but not limited to, commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles, and the like.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application are described. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the application.
Example 1
The bipolar plate in the fuel cell stack of this embodiment is 281, and the membrane electrode is 280, and the membrane electrode includes first gas diffusion layer, frame membrane, catalyst coating membrane and second gas diffusion layer, and the frame membrane includes the substrate and sets up the glue film in the substrate both sides, and the glue film is laminated with first gas diffusion layer, second gas diffusion layer and catalyst coating membrane respectively, and the substrate is provided with the fretwork district. The length of the frame film is 400mm, the width of the frame film is 200mm, the hollowed-out area is rectangular, the length of the hollowed-out area is 230mm, the width of the hollowed-out area is 120mm, and the thickness of the hollowed-out area is 100 mu m; the material of the base material is PEN, two sides of the base material are provided with glue layers except the hollowed-out areas, and the material of the glue layers is epoxy resin system thermosetting glue.
The catalyst coating film comprises a proton exchange film, a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer which are respectively arranged on two sides of the proton exchange film, and the second catalyst layer is arranged close to the second gas diffusion layer. The proton exchange membrane was 250mm in length, 140mm in width, 10 μm in thickness, 230mm in length for both the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer, 120mm in width, 5 μm in thickness for the first catalyst layer, 10 μm in thickness for the second catalyst layer, 10mm in width on each side of the area of the proton exchange membrane where the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer were not provided, and 25 μm in total thickness of the catalyst coating membrane (the area where the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer were provided). The first and second gas diffusion layers were 270mm in length, 160mm in width, and 190 μm in thickness. The first bipolar plate and the second bipolar plate are 400mm in length and 200mm in width.
The proton exchange membrane adopts a perfluorosulfonic acid resin homogeneous membrane; the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer are made of carbon fiber paper. The fuel cell stack further comprises components such as a front end plate, a rear end plate, an insulating plate, a sealing ring, screws and the like.
The method for assembling the fuel cell stack comprises the following steps:
the bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes are alternately stacked in turn, so that the central points of the bipolar plates and the central points of the components of the membrane electrodes are collinear, and the bipolar plates and the components of the membrane electrodes are parallel to each other, so that an intermediate is obtained;
after the intermediate body is assembled with components such as a front end plate, a rear end plate, an insulating plate, a sealing ring and the like, the intermediate body is fixed by using screws;
and (5) introducing saturated steam at 150 ℃ into a cooling liquid flow passage in the bipolar plate for 30min, and cooling to obtain the fuel cell stack.
Example 2
Substantially the same as in example 1, the difference is that: the adhesive layer is made of thermosetting adhesive of phenolic resin system;
the method for assembling the fuel cell stack comprises the following steps:
the bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes are alternately stacked in turn, so that the central points of the bipolar plates and the central points of the components of the membrane electrodes are collinear, and the bipolar plates and the components of the membrane electrodes are parallel to each other, so that an intermediate is obtained;
after the intermediate body is assembled with components such as a front end plate, a rear end plate, an insulating plate, a sealing ring and the like, the intermediate body is fixed by using screws;
and (5) introducing saturated steam at 150 ℃ into a cooling liquid flow passage in the bipolar plate for 30min, and cooling to obtain the fuel cell stack.
Comparative example 1
The structure of the fuel cell stack of this comparative example is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that: a second frame film is added, and the materials of the adhesive layers in the first frame film and the second frame film are different from those in the embodiment 1;
the frame film of this comparative example includes first frame film and second frame film, and the structure, the size of first frame film and second frame film are the same with the structure, the size of frame film of embodiment 1, just the material of the glue film in first frame film and the second frame film is thermoplastic polyurethane class hot melt adhesive.
The method for assembling the fuel cell stack comprises the following steps:
sequentially stacking the first frame film, the catalyst coating film and the second frame film, so that the second catalyst layer can completely cover the hollowed-out area of the second frame film, and performing hot pressing to obtain a five-in-one membrane electrode;
stacking a first gas diffusion layer on one side of a first frame film, and stacking a second gas diffusion layer on one side of a second frame film to obtain a seven-in-one membrane electrode;
sequentially and alternately stacking the seven-in-one membrane electrode and the bipolar plate to enable the central point of the bipolar plate and the central point of each component of the seven-in-one membrane electrode to be collinear, and enabling the bipolar plate and each component of the seven-in-one membrane electrode to be parallel to each other to obtain an intermediate;
and after the intermediate body is assembled with components such as the front end plate, the rear end plate, the insulating plate, the sealing ring and the like, fixing the components by using screws to obtain the fuel cell stack.
Compared with the assembly method of the fuel cell stack of the comparative example 1, the assembly method of the examples 1-2 does not need a membrane electrode frame membrane hot-pressing step and does not need related equipment investment, and the membrane electrode packaging and the stack assembly steps are combined, so that the process steps are simplified, a large number of working procedures are reduced, and the process difficulty is reduced. Compared with the fuel cell stack of comparative example 1, the frame membrane material in the fuel cell stacks of examples 1-2 can be saved by 50%, and the amount of the adhesive layer material used is also greatly reduced. And the first frame film, the catalyst coating film and the second frame film of comparative example 1 are liable to generate bubbles or other lamination defects during thermocompression packaging, the fuel cell stacks of examples 1-2 do not have the above problems during assembly.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. The scope of the application is therefore intended to be covered by the appended claims, and the description and drawings may be interpreted in accordance with the contents of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The method for assembling the fuel cell stack is characterized in that the fuel cell stack comprises bipolar plates and membrane electrodes which are alternately stacked, the membrane electrodes comprise a first gas diffusion layer, a frame membrane, a catalyst coating membrane and a second gas diffusion layer which are sequentially stacked, the frame membrane comprises a base material and adhesive layers which are arranged on two sides of the base material, and the adhesive layers are respectively attached to the first gas diffusion layer, the second gas diffusion layer and the catalyst coating membrane; the method for assembling the fuel cell stack comprises the following steps:
alternately stacking and fixing the bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes in sequence;
and introducing gas into the cooling liquid flow channel in the bipolar plate, wherein the temperature of the gas is higher than the solidification temperature of the adhesive layer.
2. The assembly method according to claim 1, wherein the alternately stacking and fixing the bipolar plates and the membrane electrodes in order comprises the steps of:
stacking a first bipolar plate, the first gas diffusion layer, the frame film, the catalyst coating film, the second gas diffusion layer and a second bipolar plate to obtain an intermediate;
applying pressure to the intermediate and fixing;
alternatively, the pressure is between 30kN and 120kN.
3. The assembly method according to claim 1, wherein the time for introducing the gas is 10min to 60min.
4. The assembly method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the frame film is 80 μm to 200 μm;
optionally, the thickness of the catalyst coated film is less than the thickness of the frame film;
alternatively, the catalyst coated film has a thickness of 15 μm to 40 μm;
alternatively, the thickness of the first gas diffusion layer and the thickness of the second gas diffusion layer are each independently 100 μm to 300 μm.
5. The assembly method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the curing temperature of the glue layer is 90 ℃ to 200 ℃;
optionally, the material of the glue layer comprises one or more of epoxy resin and phenolic resin;
optionally, the material of the substrate includes one or more of PI, PET, PEN, PEEK and PPS.
6. The assembly method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the catalyst coating film comprises a proton exchange film, a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer respectively arranged at two sides of the proton exchange film, the projection of the first catalyst layer and the projection of the second catalyst layer are both in the range of the proton exchange film, the proton exchange film is attached to the adhesive layer, and the second catalyst layer is attached to the second gas diffusion layer;
optionally, the proton exchange membrane comprises one or more of a perfluorosulfonic acid resin homogeneous membrane, an enhanced perfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane, a hydrocarbon sulfonic acid resin homogeneous membrane and an enhanced hydrocarbon sulfonic acid resin membrane;
optionally, the first gas diffusion layer and the second gas diffusion layer each independently comprise one or more of carbon fiber paper, carbon fiber non-woven fabric, and carbon black paper.
7. The method of assembly of claim 6, wherein the substrate is provided with a hollowed out area, a projection of the hollowed out area is within a range of the first catalyst layer, and a projection of the hollowed out area is within a range of the second catalyst layer.
8. The method of assembling of claim 6, wherein the first gas diffusion layer, the second gas diffusion layer, the proton exchange membrane, and the frame membrane are each rectangular;
optionally, each side length of the first gas diffusion layer is 10 mm-40 mm larger than the corresponding side length of the proton exchange membrane;
optionally, each side length of the second gas diffusion layer is 10 mm-40 mm greater than the corresponding side length of the proton exchange membrane;
optionally, each side of the second gas diffusion layer is attached to the corresponding adhesive layer of the frame film with a width of 5 mm-20 mm;
optionally, the first gas diffusion layer has the same size as the second gas diffusion layer.
9. The assembly method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein center points of the bipolar plate, the first gas diffusion layer, the frame film, the catalyst coated film, and the second gas diffusion layer are collinear;
optionally, the projection of the first gas diffusion layer, the projection of the bezel film, the projection of the catalyst coated film, and the projection of the second gas diffusion layer are all within the range of the bipolar plate.
10. A fuel cell stack, characterized in that the fuel cell stack is assembled by the assembly method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202311272427.2A 2023-09-28 2023-09-28 Fuel cell stack, and assembly method and application thereof Pending CN117080519A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119252966A (en) * 2024-09-14 2025-01-03 鸿基创能科技(佛山)有限公司 A packaging method and packaging structure of a single-frame film electrode

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119252966A (en) * 2024-09-14 2025-01-03 鸿基创能科技(佛山)有限公司 A packaging method and packaging structure of a single-frame film electrode
WO2026056329A1 (en) * 2024-09-14 2026-03-19 鸿基创能科技(佛山)有限公司 Packaging method and packaging structure for single-frame membrane electrode

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