CN116646727A - Antenna assembly and array antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna assembly and an array antenna. The antenna assembly includes an excitation unit, a plurality of parasitic units and a plurality of connection units, and the excitation unit includes a feeder, an open-circuit node group and a short-circuit node group, and an open-circuit node group and a short-circuit node group. Arranged in parallel at the feeder, the short-circuit node group includes the first branch, the second branch and the short-circuit branch, one end of the first branch and one end of the second branch are connected to the feeder, and the short-circuit branch is connected to the first branch Between the second branch, a plurality of parasitic units are arranged on the peripheral side of the excitation unit, and any two adjacent parasitic units are arranged at intervals, at least part of the parasitic units are adjustable in length, and the parasitic units have a geometric center position, each A connection unit is connected between the short-circuit stub and the parasitic unit. The antenna assembly of the present invention can adjust the wide and narrow beam width, thereby satisfying the scanning coverage of the far target and the near wide field of view, and has the advantages of light weight and small wind resistance.

Description

Antenna Assemblies and Array Antennas

technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna assembly and an array antenna including the antenna assembly.

Background technique

In the low-frequency radar application of marine ships, considering the size, weight, wind resistance and other factors of the radar, the antenna usually adopts the design of a single antenna unit or an array of few antenna units. Therefore, the current low-frequency radars for ships mostly use linear antennas (such as Yagi antennas) to cover radar signals in a fixed beam manner.

In related technologies, the beam width of the pitch surface of the ship radar determines the effect of the radar on air target search. As shown in Figure 1, when the beam width of the radar antenna is narrow, the radar can see farther targets, but There is a search blind area for closer targets; when the radar antenna has a wider elevation beam width, the radar has a wider field of view, but for distant targets, the gain is not enough.

The linear antenna with low-frequency fixed beam, because the beam width of the elevation plane is fixed, cannot take into account the scanning coverage of the above-mentioned distant targets and the wide field of view at the near side at the same time, thereby reducing the scanning range of the ship and reducing the surrounding area. Observation and identification capabilities of obstacles, targets, etc.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

For this reason, the embodiment of the present invention proposes an antenna assembly, which can adjust the width of the beam width, so as to meet the scanning coverage of distant targets and a wider field of view in the near area, and has the advantages of light weight, The advantage of small wind resistance.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide an array antenna including the above-mentioned antenna assembly.

The antenna assembly of the embodiment of the present invention includes:

An excitation unit, the excitation unit includes a feeder, an open-circuit node group and a short-circuit node group, the open-circuit node group and the short-circuit node group are arranged in parallel at the feeder, and the short-circuit node group includes a first branch , a second branch and a short-circuit branch, the first branch and the second branch are arranged in parallel, and one end of the first branch and one end of the second branch are connected to the feeder, so One end of the short-circuit branch is connected to the other end of the first branch, and the other end of the short-circuit branch is connected to the other end of the second branch;

A plurality of parasitic units, a plurality of parasitic units are arranged on the peripheral side of the excitation unit, and any two adjacent parasitic units are arranged at intervals, at least some of the parasitic units have adjustable lengths, and the The parasitic unit has a geometric center position;

A plurality of connection units, one end of each connection unit is connected to the short-circuit stub, and the other end of each connection unit is connected to the parasitic unit.

The antenna assembly of the embodiment of the present invention can adjust the width of the beam width, thereby satisfying the scanning coverage of the far target and the near wide field of view, and has the advantages of light weight and small wind resistance.

In some embodiments, there are multiple short-circuit junction groups, and the multiple short-circuit junction groups are arranged in parallel at the feeder, and the plurality of short-circuit junction groups are spaced along the circumference of the feeder. arranged.

In some embodiments, the open node group includes a third branch and a fourth branch, the third branch and the fourth branch are arranged opposite to each other at the feeder, and the third branch and The feeder is connected to and extends to one side of the feeder, and the fourth branch is connected to the feeder and extends to the other side of the feeder.

In some embodiments, the first branch, the second branch, the short-circuit branch, the third branch, and the fourth branch are located in the same plane.

In some embodiments, there are multiple open circuit node groups, the multiple open circuit node groups are arranged in parallel at the feeder, and the multiple open circuit node groups are spaced along the circumference of the feeder arranged.

In some embodiments, the first branch includes a first segment, a second segment, and a third segment, and the second segment is connected between the first segment and the third segment Between, the second branch includes a fourth segment, a fifth segment and a sixth segment, and the fifth segment is connected between the fourth segment and the sixth segment;

The first section and the fourth section are arranged oppositely, and the short-circuit branch is connected between the first section and the fourth section, and the third section and the sixth section The segments are arranged opposite to each other, and the feeder is located between the third segment and the sixth segment, and the distance between the first segment and the fourth segment is greater than that of the third segment segment and the spacing of the sixth segment.

In some embodiments, the second segment and the fifth segment are arranged opposite to each other, and the distance between the second segment and the fifth segment gradually changes along the direction of approaching the feeder. Small.

In some embodiments, at least some of the parasitic units are provided with switches, and the switches are used to switch the parasitic units on and off to adjust the beam width of the antenna assembly.

In some embodiments, the parasitic unit is rod-shaped, strip-shaped, sheet-shaped, ring-shaped, arc-shaped or hollow-shaped;

And/or, each of the connection units is connected to the geometric center of the parasitic unit.

The array antenna in the embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of antenna components as described in any one of the above embodiments, and the plurality of antenna components are arranged in an array.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the existing radar on the ship.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the excitation unit in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the parasitic unit in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna assembly according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of the beam width switching variation of the antenna assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference signs:

Antenna assembly 100;

Excitation unit 1; feeder 11; open node group 12; third branch 121; fourth branch 122; short circuit node group 13; first branch 131; first segment 1311; second segment 1312; third Section 1313; second branch 132; fourth section 1321; fifth section 1322; sixth section 1323; short-circuit branch 133;

Parasitic unit 2.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the antenna assembly 100 of the embodiment of the present invention includes an excitation unit 1 , a plurality of parasitic units 2 and a plurality of connection units (not shown).

The excitation unit 1 includes a feeder 11, an open-circuit node group 12 and a short-circuit node group 13. The feeder 11 is the location where the excitation unit 1 is connected to the feeder line. The open-circuit node group 12 and the short-circuit node group 13 are located at the feeder 11. Arranged in parallel, wherein the open junction group 12 can realize the low-frequency matching of the antenna, and the short junction group 13 can improve the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna, and can also realize the width matching of the input port of the antenna.

The short-circuit node group 13 includes a first branch 131, a second branch 132 and a short-circuit branch 133. One end of the first branch 131 and one end of the second branch 132 are connected to the feeder 11, and one end of the short-circuit branch 133 is connected to the first branch 133. The other end of the branch 131 is connected, and the other end of the short-circuit branch 133 is connected with the other end of the second branch 132 .

For example, as shown in Figure 3, both the first branch 131 and the second branch 132 can generally extend along the left-right direction, wherein the first branch 131 can be located above the second branch 132, and the right end of the first branch 131 The right end of the second branch 132 can be connected to the feeder 11, the short-circuit branch 133 can generally extend along the up and down direction, and the top of the short-circuit branch 133 can be connected to the left end of the first branch 131, and the bottom of the short-circuit branch 133 can be It is connected with the left end of the second branch 132 .

A plurality of parasitic units 2 are arranged on the peripheral side of the excitation unit 1, and any two adjacent parasitic units 2 are arranged at intervals, at least part of the parasitic units 2 have adjustable lengths, and the parasitic units 2 have a geometric center position. For example, as shown in FIG. 4 , the parasitic units 2 can be rod-shaped, the parasitic units 2 can be arranged at intervals along the circumference of the excitation unit 1 , and the length of each parasitic unit 2 can be adjusted.

Specifically, a mechanical telescopic device can be installed on each parasitic unit 2. For example, the mechanical telescopic device can include a first rod and a second rod, and the first rod and the second rod can be plugged and fitted. The telescopic adjustment of the parasitic unit 2 can be realized by inserting the first rod part into the second rod part or pulling out the first rod part from the second rod part.

It should be noted that the geometric center of the parasitic unit 2 is the geometric center of the parasitic unit 2. For example, when the parasitic unit 2 is rod-shaped, the geometric center is the midpoint of the parasitic unit 2. When the parasitic unit 2 is In the case of a circular shape, the geometric center position is the center position of the parasitic unit 2 .

The number of connection units can be the same as the number of parasitic units 2, one end of each connection unit is connected to the short-circuit stub 133 of the corresponding short-circuit node group 13, and the other end of each connection unit can be connected to the geometric center of the corresponding parasitic unit 2 connected. The connecting unit has no direct influence on the radiation of the antenna, and can support and fix the parasitic unit 2 .

In the antenna assembly 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, during use, the parasitic unit 2 can be telescopically adjusted and the shape of the antenna can be changed, so that the beam width of the antenna can be adjusted, and the antenna assembly 100 can adjust the beam width. Adjusting the width of the antenna, as shown in Figure 7, the beam of the antenna can be switched to a narrow beam or a wide beam. It satisfies the scanning coverage of the far target and the near wide field of view, that is, when scanning different field of view, the overall shape of the antenna assembly 100 can be changed through the expansion and contraction of multiple parasitic units 2, so that the antenna assembly 100 can Adapt to the scanning needs of detection targets at different distances.

In addition, the antenna assembly 100 of the embodiment of the present invention also has the advantages of simple overall structure, light weight, and small wind resistance, which facilitates the processing of the antenna assembly 100, reduces costs, and facilitates the mass production and popularization of the antenna assembly 100.

In some embodiments, there are multiple short-circuit junction groups 13 , the multiple short-circuit junction groups 13 are arranged in parallel at the feeder 11 , and the multiple short-circuit junction groups 13 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the feeder 11 .

For example, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, there can be two short-circuit junction groups 13, wherein one short-circuit junction group 13 can be arranged on the left side of the feeder 11, and the other short-circuit junction group 13 can be arranged at the feeder 11, and the two short-circuit node groups 13 can be arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to the feeder 11.

It should be noted that, as shown in FIG. 3 , the two shorting node groups 13 can be integrally formed, that is, the two first branch nodes 131 of the two shorting node groups 13 can be connected as one in the left and right directions, and the two shorting node groups The two second branches 132 of 13 can be connected as a whole in the left and right directions. Therefore, the integration of the short circuit junction group 13 can be realized, which facilitates installation and assembly.

It can be understood that, in some other embodiments, the number of short-circuit junction groups 13 can also be three, four, five, six, etc. At this time, multiple short-circuit junction groups 13 can be centered on the feeder 11 And can be arranged at intervals along the circumference of the feeder 11 .

In some embodiments, the open node group 12 includes a third branch 121 and a fourth branch 122, the third branch 121 and the fourth branch 122 are arranged opposite to the feeder 11, and the third branch 121 and the feeder 11 and extend to one side of the feeder 11 , the fourth branch 122 is connected to the feeder 11 and extends to the other side of the feeder 11 .

For example, as shown in Figure 3, both the third branch 121 and the fourth branch 122 can be straight rods, wherein the third branch 121 can be connected to the upper side of the feeder 11 and can be connected to the upper side of the feeder 11. Extending, the fourth branch 122 can be connected to the lower side of the feeder 11 and can extend to the lower side of the feeder 11 , and the third branch 121 and the fourth branch 122 can be arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to the feeder 11 . When in use, the low-frequency electromagnetic wave can be matched with the third branch 121 and the fourth branch 122 , so that the scanning and monitoring of the low-frequency electromagnetic wave by the antenna assembly 100 can be enhanced.

In some embodiments, the first branch 131 , the second branch 132 , the short-circuit branch 133 , the third branch 121 and the fourth branch 122 are located in the same plane. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , the open-circuit junction group 12 and each short-circuit junction group 13 are located in the same vertical plane, thus, the antenna assembly 100 can have a larger spread, which is beneficial to realize a wider scanning range. monitor.

In some embodiments, there are multiple open circuit node groups 12 , the multiple open circuit node groups 12 are arranged in parallel at the feeder 11 , and the multiple open circuit node groups 12 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the feeder 11 . For example, the number of open circuit node groups 12 can be two, three, four, five, etc., and the third branches 121 of multiple open circuit node groups 12 can be connected above the feeder 11 and along the circumferential direction The fourth branches 122 of the plurality of open-circuit node groups 12 may all be connected under the feeder 11 and arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction. Therefore, the matching to low-frequency electromagnetic waves can be further enhanced.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3 , the first branch 131 includes a first segment 1311 , a second segment 1312 and a third segment 1313 , and the first segment 1311 , the second segment 1312 and the third segment Each segment 1313 can be rod-shaped, wherein the second segment 1312 is connected between the first segment 1311 and the third segment 1313 . The second branch 132 includes a fourth segment 1321, a fifth segment 1322 and a sixth segment 1323, and the fourth segment 1321, the fifth segment 1322 and the sixth segment 1323 can all be rod-shaped, wherein the fifth segment Segment 1322 connects between fourth segment 1321 and sixth segment 1323 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , the first segment 1311 and the fourth segment 1321 can be arranged opposite to each other in the vertical direction, and the short-circuit branch 133 is connected between the first segment 1311 and the fourth segment 1321 , and the third segment 1313 and The sixth section 1323 can be arranged opposite to each other in the up-down direction, and the feeder 11 is arranged between the third section 1313 and the sixth section 1323, wherein the distance between the first section 1311 and the fourth section 1321 in the up-down direction is It is larger than the distance between the third section 1313 and the sixth section 1323 in the up-down direction. As a result, the short-circuit junction group 13 is relatively narrow near the feeding point 11, which is beneficial to ensure the impedance matching of the antenna feeding and the matching of the antenna within the broadband.

In some embodiments, the second segment 1312 and the fifth segment 1322 are arranged opposite to each other, and the distance between the second segment 1312 and the fifth segment 1322 becomes gradually smaller along the direction approaching the power feeding point 11 . For example, as shown in Figure 3, the second section 1312 and the fifth section 1322 can be arranged facing each other in the up and down direction. The distance between the five segments 1322 may gradually decrease along the direction from right to left, so that the distance between the first segment 1311 (fourth segment 1321) and the third segment 1313 (sixth segment 1323) The change can be transitioned slowly, avoiding a step-like drastic change, which is beneficial to the performance stability of the antenna assembly 100 in use.

In some embodiments, at least some of the parasitic units 2 are provided with switches (not shown), and the switches are used to switch the parasitic units 2 on and off to adjust the beam width of the antenna assembly 100 . For example, a switch can be installed on each parasitic unit 2, and the switch can specifically be a diode, an electronic switch, etc. In use, the on-off adjustment of each parasitic unit 2 can be realized through the opening and closing of the switch. The arrangement and combination of different on-off states of the unit 2 can realize the adjustment of the state of the antenna assembly 100 , and then can also realize the adjustment of the antenna beam width, which meets the scanning requirements of the antenna assembly 100 for detection targets at different distances.

In some embodiments, the parasitic unit 2 is in the shape of a rod, a strip, a sheet, a ring, an arc, or a hollow.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5 , there are multiple parasitic units 2 , and the multiple parasitic units 2 may be arranged at intervals along the circumference of the excitation unit 1 and arranged in only one circle along the circumference of the excitation unit 1 . In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, a small amount of parasitic units 2 can be arranged on one side of the excitation unit 1, and more parasitic units 2 can be arranged on the other side of the excitation unit 1. At this time, more The parasitic units 2 can be arranged in a matrix.

The array antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is described below.

The array antenna in the embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of antenna assemblies 100, each antenna assembly 100 may be the antenna assembly 100 described in any of the above embodiments, and the plurality of antenna assemblies 100 are arranged in an array. For example, as shown in FIG. 8 , there may be four antenna assemblies 100 , and the four antenna assemblies 100 may be arranged in a 2*2 array. In some other embodiments, the array antenna may also include two, three, five, six, seven and other antenna assemblies 100 . The combination of a plurality of antenna components 100 can meet the requirement of high gain.

In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Back", "Left", "Right", "Vertical", "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inner", "Outer", "Clockwise", "Counterclockwise", "Axial", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the referred device or element Must be in a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; can be mechanically connected, can also be electrically connected or can communicate with each other; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, Unless expressly defined otherwise. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the first and second feature may be in direct contact with the second feature through an intermediary. touch. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "beneath" the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.

As used herein, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific examples," or "some examples" mean specific features, structures, materials, or features described in connection with the embodiment or example. A feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other.

Although the above-mentioned embodiments have been shown and described, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made by those skilled in the art to the above-mentioned embodiments All within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An antenna assembly, characterized in that, comprising: An excitation unit, the excitation unit includes a feeder, an open-circuit node group and a short-circuit node group, the open-circuit node group and the short-circuit node group are arranged in parallel at the feeder, and the short-circuit node group includes a first branch , a second branch and a short-circuit branch, the first branch and the second branch are arranged in parallel, and one end of the first branch and one end of the second branch are connected to the feeder, so One end of the short-circuit branch is connected to the other end of the first branch, and the other end of the short-circuit branch is connected to the other end of the second branch; A plurality of parasitic units, a plurality of parasitic units are arranged on the peripheral side of the excitation unit, and any two adjacent parasitic units are arranged at intervals, at least some of the parasitic units have adjustable lengths, and the The parasitic unit has a geometric center position; A plurality of connection units, one end of each connection unit is connected to the short-circuit stub, and the other end of each connection unit is connected to the parasitic unit. 2. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of short-circuit junction groups, and a plurality of the short-circuit junction groups are arranged in parallel at the feeding place, and a plurality of the short-circuit junction groups are arranged along the Arranged at intervals along the circumference of the feeder. 3. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein the open node group includes a third branch and a fourth branch, and the third branch and the fourth branch are opposite to each other at the feeding point arrangement, and the third branch is connected to the feeder and extends to one side of the feeder, and the fourth branch is connected to the feeder and extends to the other side of the feeder side extension. 4. The antenna assembly according to claim 3, wherein the first branch, the second branch, the short-circuit branch, the third branch, and the fourth branch are located in the same plane . 5. The antenna assembly according to claim 3, wherein there are a plurality of open node groups, and a plurality of the open node groups are arranged in parallel at the feeding place, and a plurality of the open node groups are arranged along the Arranged at intervals along the circumference of the feeder. 6. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first branch comprises a first segment, a second segment and a third segment, the second segment is connected to the first Between the segment and the third segment, the second branch includes a fourth segment, a fifth segment and a sixth segment, and the fifth segment is connected between the fourth segment and the Between the sixth paragraph; The first section and the fourth section are arranged oppositely, and the short-circuit branch is connected between the first section and the fourth section, and the third section and the sixth section The segments are arranged opposite to each other, and the feeder is located between the third segment and the sixth segment, and the distance between the first segment and the fourth segment is greater than that of the third segment segment and the spacing of the sixth segment. 7. The antenna assembly according to claim 6, wherein the second segment and the fifth segment are arranged oppositely, and the distance between the second segment and the fifth segment is along The direction close to the feeding place gradually becomes smaller. 8 . The antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein at least part of the parasitic units are provided with switches, and the switches are used to switch the parasitic units on and off to adjust the beam width of the antenna assembly. 9. The antenna assembly according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the parasitic unit is in the shape of a rod, strip, sheet, ring, arc or hollow; And/or, each of the connection units is connected to the geometric center of the parasitic unit. 10. An array antenna, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of antenna components according to any one of claims 1-9, and the plurality of antenna components are arranged in an array.