Electrode material for electrochemical desalination and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical desalination, in particular to an electrode material for electrochemical desalination and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The circulating water system is one of the indispensable energy media of the air conditioning system of the metallurgical industry, the petroleum industry, the chemical industry and the building. The improvement of the utilization rate of the circulating water greatly slows down the water pressure, but reduces the discharge of the circulating water, improves the concentration multiple of the circulating water, and inevitably causes the problems of scaling, corrosion, mass breeding of microorganisms and the like of pipelines and equipment. At present, for an industrial circulating water treatment system, in order to reduce adverse effects on pipelines and equipment caused by concentration of salts and the like in circulating water, a method of adding chemical agents is generally used for keeping water quality stable so as to improve the concentration multiple of the circulating water system. However, the method has certain disadvantages in the aspects of high medicament cost, high operation cost, pollution to the environment caused by phosphorus contained in the sewage and wastewater discharged from the system, and the like.
Although the novel agent can prevent the scaling and sterilization of the circulating water and improve the concentration multiple of the circulating water, the addition of the agent can increase COD, inorganic ions and the like of the water body, so that the water quality is continuously deteriorated. The electrochemical treatment technology can greatly reduce the addition of the medicament, not only saves a great amount of medicament cost, but also reduces the addition of harmful components in the water body, and is a real green environment-friendly technology.
Although electrochemical technology has been applied to industry on a large scale, forming a huge electrochemical industry, electrochemical desalination treatment technology is an effective green water treatment technology, and has not yet been widely applied to industrial circulating water systems, mainly because of low efficiency and unreasonable economy. Wherein, how to improve the stability, the service life and the recovery rate of the electrode is a difficulty of further improving the electrochemical desalination treatment technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the electrode material for electrochemical desalination, which has high corrosion resistance, good conductivity, high magnetic property, high recovery rate and high electrochemical desalination efficiency of industrial circulating external drainage under complex conditions, and simultaneously provides the preparation method of the electrode material for electrochemical desalination, which has high preparation efficiency, economy, rationality, good stability of the prepared electrode, high desalination efficiency, long service life and high recovery rate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an electrode material for electrochemical desalination, which comprises a substrate and a catalytic film covered on the surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate is made of composite foam nickel doped with silver, and the catalytic film is made of composite manganese dioxide supported by GdFeO 3 perovskite. The silver electrode is doped in the foam nickel, so that the corrosion resistance and the conductivity of the electrode are obviously improved, the composite manganese dioxide prepared by using the composite transition metal in the waste lithium battery pickle liquor has high desalination efficiency, and the GdFeO 3 perovskite loaded composite manganese dioxide enables the electrode to have strong magnetic property, and has positive effects on recycling electrode materials.
The preparation method of the electrode material for electrochemical desalination comprises the following steps:
Step S1: preparation of GdFeO 3 perovskite: mixing gadolinium nitrate, ferric nitrate and a chelating agent, dissolving in deionized water, and mixing and stirring; heating in water bath at 90deg.C for 12 hr to form gel substance; heating in an air blast drying oven at 120 ℃ for 24 hours, transferring to a muffle furnace, and calcining for 6 hours to form GdFeO 3 perovskite;
Step S2: preparation of GdFeO 3 perovskite loaded composite manganese dioxide material:
Step S201: preparing a waste lithium battery pickle liquor and adjusting the pH of the pickle liquor to be slightly acidic or neutral, wherein the anode material of the waste lithium battery comprises LiMn 2O4 and Li (Ni xCoyMnz)O2, wherein x: y: z=1:1:1 or x: y: z=5:2:3 or x: y: z=6:2:2, and further, the mole ratio of transition metal and strong oxidant in the pickle liquor is set to be 1:2-1:4;
Step S202: mixing the waste lithium battery pickle liquor regulated in the step S201 with a strong oxidant, and adding the mixed liquor into the GdFeO 3 perovskite prepared in the step S1 to form mixed liquor, wherein the strong oxidant is preferably KMnO 4 or (NH 4)S2O8;
Step S203: placing the mixed solution prepared in the step S202 into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle for heating treatment, and then washing, filtering and drying to prepare the GdFeO 3 perovskite loaded composite manganese dioxide material with stronger electrochemical desalting performance;
Step S3: preparation of an electrode: mixing the GdFeO 3 perovskite loaded composite manganese dioxide material prepared in the step S2, carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to the mol ratio of 7:2:1, adding organic acid or alcohol, specifically, selecting acetic acid or propionic acid when the organic acid is selected, selecting ethanol or propanol when the alcohol is selected, carrying out ultrasonic and drying, carrying out hydrothermal reaction by taking silver-doped composite foam nickel as a conductive matrix, washing and drying a product, so that the electrode has stronger corrosion resistance and conductivity.
Also a particular feature of the invention is that in said step S1, said chelating agent is provided as a salt of a hydroxy carboxylic acid or an organic phosphonic acid, preferably ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid or diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid, or an organic acid, preferably citric acid.
The invention is characterized in that in the step S1, gadolinium nitrate, ferric nitrate and chelating agent are mixed and dissolved in deionized water to form a solution, and the mass ratio of the gadolinium nitrate, the ferric nitrate and the chelating agent in the solution is respectively set to be 20-40%.
The invention is also characterized in that in the step S1, the molar ratio of gadolinium nitrate, ferric nitrate and chelating agent is 1:1 (1.5-3.0).
The invention is also characterized in that in the step S1, the temperature range of the calcination treatment is set to 800-1000 ℃.
The invention is also characterized in that the mass ratio of the transition metal to GdFeO 3 perovskite in the pickle liquor of the waste lithium battery in the step S202 is not more than 20 percent.
The invention is also characterized in that in the step S3, the mass proportion of the doped silver in the silver-doped composite foam nickel is set to be 1-5%.
The invention is also characterized in that in step S203, the heat treatment temperature is 90-160 ℃, and the heat treatment time is preferably 12-24 hours.
The invention is also characterized in that in the step S3, the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 120-180 ℃, and the preferable hydrothermal reaction time is 6-12h.
The electrode prepared by the invention is applied to electrochemical desalination of industrial circulating external drainage, and has high desalination efficiency and strong corrosion resistance.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the electrode material prepared by the invention not only has better corrosion resistance and conductivity, but also has higher magnetic property, and has important significance for realizing improvement of the electrochemical desalination efficiency of the industrial circulating external drainage under complex conditions and recycling of the electrode material, and has obvious environmental protection advantage. The preparation method of the electrode material for electrochemical desalination provided by the invention can be used for preparing the electrode material with high corrosion resistance, high conductivity and strong magnetism, and has the advantages of high preparation efficiency, economy, rationality, good stability, long service life and high recovery rate of the prepared electrode, and has good industrial application prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical characteristics of the scheme, the scheme is explained below through a specific embodiment.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides an electrode material for electrochemical desalination, which comprises a substrate and a catalytic film covered on the surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate is made of composite foam nickel doped with silver, and the catalytic film is made of GdFeO 3 perovskite-loaded composite manganese dioxide.
The composite foam nickel doped with silver is used as a substrate, and the GdFeO 3 perovskite loaded composite manganese dioxide material grows on the surface of the composite foam nickel, so that the corrosion performance and the conductivity of an electrode can be enhanced, and the composite foam nickel has higher magnetic performance, and has important significance for improving the electrochemical desalting efficiency of industrial circulating external drainage and recycling the electrode material under complex conditions.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an electrode material for electrochemical desalination, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1: preparation of GdFeO 3 perovskite: the molar ratio was set to 1:1:1.5, mixing gadolinium nitrate, ferric nitrate and ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid, dissolving in deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the gadolinium nitrate in the solution is 20%, and mixing and stirring; heating in water bath at 90deg.C for 12 hr to form gel substance; heating in an air blast drying oven at 120 ℃ for 24 hours, transferring to a muffle furnace, and calcining at 900 ℃ for 6 hours to form GdFeO 3 perovskite;
Step S2: preparation of GdFeO 3 perovskite loaded composite manganese dioxide material:
Step S201: the method comprises the steps of preparing waste lithium battery pickle liquor by using a positive electrode material Li (waste lithium battery of Ni 5Co3Mn2)O2 and pickle liquor of which the mole ratio of transition metal to strong oxidant is 1:2, and regulating the pH value to be slightly acidic;
Step S202: mixing the waste lithium battery pickle liquor regulated in the step S201 with KMnO 4, adding the mixture into the GdFeO 3 perovskite prepared in the step S1 to form mixed liquor, wherein the mass ratio of transition metal to GdFeO 3 perovskite in the waste lithium battery pickle liquor is 10%;
Step S203: placing the mixed solution prepared in the step S202 into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating at 160 ℃ for 12 hours, and then washing, filtering and drying;
Step S3: preparation of an electrode: mixing the GdFeO 3 perovskite loaded composite manganese dioxide material prepared in the step S2, carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to the mol ratio of 7:2:1, adding acetic acid, performing ultrasonic treatment and drying, performing hydrothermal reaction by taking composite foam nickel doped with 1% silver as a conductive matrix, performing hydrothermal reaction for 6 hours at the temperature of 140 ℃, and washing and drying the product.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an electrode material for electrochemical desalination, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1: preparation of GdFeO 3 perovskite: the molar ratio was set to 1:1:2, mixing gadolinium nitrate, ferric nitrate and ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid, dissolving in deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of gadolinium nitrate in the solution is 20%, and mixing and stirring; heating in water bath at 90deg.C for 12 hr to form gel substance; heating in an air blast drying oven at 120 ℃ for 24 hours, transferring to a muffle furnace, and calcining at 850 ℃ for 6 hours to form GdFeO 3 perovskite;
Step S2: preparation of GdFeO 3 perovskite loaded composite manganese dioxide material:
step S201: the method comprises the steps of selecting a waste lithium battery with a positive electrode material of LiMn 2O4, and a mole ratio of transition metal to strong oxidant is 1:2, preparing waste lithium battery pickle liquor by the pickle liquor, and regulating the pH value of the waste lithium battery pickle liquor to be neutral;
Step S202: mixing the waste lithium battery pickle liquor regulated in the step S201 with (NH 4)S2O8), adding the mixed liquor into the GdFeO 3 perovskite prepared in the step S1 to form mixed liquor, wherein the mass ratio of transition metal to GdFeO 3 perovskite in the waste lithium battery pickle liquor is 10%;
Step S203: placing the mixed solution prepared in the step S202 into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating at 140 ℃ for 12 hours, and then washing, filtering and drying;
Step S3: preparation of an electrode: mixing the GdFeO 3 perovskite loaded composite manganese dioxide material prepared in the step S2, carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to the mol ratio of 7:2:1, adding acetic acid, performing ultrasonic treatment and drying, performing hydrothermal reaction by taking composite foam nickel doped with 1% silver as a conductive matrix, performing hydrothermal reaction for 6 hours at the temperature of 140 ℃, and washing and drying the product.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing manganese dioxide material: mixing MnSO 4·H2 O with KMnO 4, wherein the mol ratio of MnSO 4·H2 O to KMnO 4 is 1:2, placing the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating at 160 ℃ for 12h, washing, filtering and drying.
(2) Preparation of an electrode: manganese dioxide material, carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene are mixed according to a molar ratio of 7:2:1, and acetic acid is added. And (3) performing ultrasonic treatment, drying, performing hydrothermal reaction by taking foam nickel as a conductive matrix, treating 6h at the temperature of 140 ℃, washing and drying the product, and preparing the manganese dioxide electrode.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing manganese dioxide material: mnSO 4·H2 O and (NH 4)S2O8) are mixed, the mol ratio of MnSO 4·H2 O and (NH 4)S2O8 is 1:2), and the mixture is heated in a tetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle at 140 ℃ for 12 hours, washed, filtered and dried.
(2) Preparation of an electrode: manganese dioxide material, carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene are mixed according to a molar ratio of 7:2:1, and acetic acid is added. Ultrasonic treatment, drying, using foamed nickel as conductive matrix, hydrothermal reaction, treating at 140 deg.C for 6h, washing and drying the product, and manganese dioxide electrode.
The electrode prepared in the embodiment 2 and 3 of the invention has the desalination efficiency reaching 97% -98%, and the specific capacitance reaching 210F/g-225F/g at 0.5A/g;
The electrode prepared in comparative example 1 had a desalting efficiency of 81% and a specific capacitance of 49.44F/g at 0.5A/g;
the electrode prepared in comparative example 2 had a desalting efficiency of 83% and a specific capacitance of 50.67F/g at 0.5A/g.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.