CN113767808B - A method for cultivating grapes in deep trenches without burying soil in winter - Google Patents
A method for cultivating grapes in deep trenches without burying soil in winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113767808B CN113767808B CN202111084650.5A CN202111084650A CN113767808B CN 113767808 B CN113767808 B CN 113767808B CN 202111084650 A CN202111084650 A CN 202111084650A CN 113767808 B CN113767808 B CN 113767808B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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Abstract
The invention relates to a deep-ditch cultivation method for grape without soil burying in winter. In order to solve the problem of high cost of machinery and manpower used for cold-proof of the existing grape vine buried soil. The method adopted by the invention is as follows: deep digging a cold-proof planting ditch in a grape cultivation row, planting grape seedlings along one side of the cold-proof planting ditch, when the height of the grape seedlings is more than 60 and cm of the depth of the planting ditch, installing an underground support plate at a position 20 and cm away from the bottom of the planting ditch on one side of the grape seedlings, backfilling soil on the underground support plate to be flush with the ground, wherein the width of the underground support plate is the same as the width of the backfilled soil and is half of the width of the planting ditch, and obliquely growing the grape seedlings from one side of the open end of the cold-proof planting ditch to a fixed dry wire to culture a fence frame or a V-shaped frame; and (3) back-pressing the grape overground part trunk and the grape underground part trunk to the bottom end of the planting ditch in winter, covering the opening port of the cold-proof planting ditch with a cold-proof material, and removing the cold-proof material in spring to guide the grape trunk to be put on the shelf.
Description
1. Technical field:
the invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a deep-ditch cultivation method for grapes without soil burying in winter.
2. The background technology is as follows:
winter soil-buried winter protection is an important link of field management of vineyards in northern cold areas of China. According to different regions, the thickness of the buried soil of the grapes is different, the thickness of the buried soil in regions such as the northern part of Shandong and the northern part of Shanxi is about 30cm, and the thickness of the buried soil in grape producing regions in the mountain foot part of Xinjiang and Ningxia greedy is about 80 cm. Along with the increase of the thickness of the buried soil, the workload of the cold-proof link of the buried soil in the vineyard is multiplied. Although the winter soil-burying cold-proof work of the grapes is gradually changed from manpower soil burying to mechanical soil burying along with the development of scientific technology, the soil-burying cold-proof cost of the grapes still occupies a large share in the total management investment of the vineyard. And the vineyard has large workload in the soil burying and digging processes, and high mechanical and manpower cost, and becomes an important factor for limiting the development of the grape industry.
3. The invention comprises the following steps:
in view of the above, the invention provides a deep-ditch cultivation method for grape without burying soil in winter, which aims to solve the problems of high mechanical and manpower cost of the existing grape vine burying soil for cold prevention.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a grape is planted in a deep ditch without burying soil in winter, a cold-proof field planting ditch is deeply dug in a grape cultivation row, grape seedlings are planted in a field planting mode along one side of the cold-proof field planting ditch, when the height of the grape seedlings is more than 60cm from the depth of the field planting ditch, an underground supporting plate is installed at one side of the field planting grape seedlings and 20cm away from the bottom, soil is backfilled on the underground supporting plate until the soil is flush with the ground, the width of the underground supporting plate is the same as the width of the backfilled soil and is half of the width of the field planting ditch, the grape seedlings obliquely grow to a fixed dry wire from one side of an opening end of the cold-proof field planting ditch, and a hedge frame or a V-shaped frame is cultivated; and (3) back-pressing the grape overground part trunk and the grape underground part trunk to the bottom end of the planting ditch in winter, covering the opening port of the cold-proof planting ditch with a cold-proof material, and removing the cold-proof material in spring to guide the grape trunk to be put on the shelf.
Further, the grape is planted obliquely or vertically at the bottom end of the planting ditch, and the root system faces to the inside or between the rows during oblique planting.
Further, after the trunks of grape seedlings grow along the fixed stem wires, management is carried out according to a culture mode of a hedge frame or a V-shaped frame, and 1-2 post-bud branches on the trunks are selected and reserved for cutting in winter.
Furthermore, the open end of the cold-proof planting ditch is narrow, the bottom end of the planting ditch is wide, and the underground support plate is horizontally placed or obliquely upwards placed towards one side of the non-planting seedling; if the local soil is harder, the bottom of the cold-proof planting ditch can be enlarged by adopting a side digging mode without using an underground supporting plate.
Further, drip irrigation pipes are paved in the cold-proof planting ditches, and one end of each planting ditch is communicated with the drainage ditches.
Further, the depth of the cold-proof planting ditch is determined according to the lowest temperature in the local winter and the buried soil thickness in the past year.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) In winter, the grapes overwintere in the cold-proof field planting ditches, and the tops of the ditches are covered with the cold-proof materials or a small amount of field soil, so that large-scale soil burying is not needed mechanically or manually, the work amount of soil burying is reduced, and the management cost is saved;
(2) The grape is safe to overwinter at the bottom of the ditch, and only cold-proof materials are needed to be removed in spring, so that mechanical damage to grape trees in the traditional mechanical or manual soil removal process is avoided;
(3) The drip irrigation pipe is positioned at the bottom of the planting ditch, so that excessive evaporation of water can be prevented, and the water utilization efficiency of the vineyard in a arid region is improved; and covering materials can be paved at the top of the planting ditch in high-temperature weather, so that the soil humidity is further kept.
4. Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an overall effect diagram of a grape after being put on shelf;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the grape at various angles after being put on and put off; wherein A is an effect diagram of grape after being put on a shelf; b is an effect diagram of the grape after being put on the shelf;
FIG. 3 is a digging and constructing process of cold-proof planting ditches of grapes; a, digging a planting ditch; B. planting grape seedlings in the planting furrows; C. paving a supporting plate in the planting ditch; D. soil is covered on one side of the supporting plate in the planting ditch; E. a structure diagram of the inside of the planting ditch;
FIG. 4 illustrates the operation of the deep trench grape cultivation mode;
fig. 5 is an external appearance of a grape trunk hanging hook.
Marking: 1. cold-proof planting ditches; 2. a column; 3. grape overground part trunks; 4. a grape underground part trunk; 5. a grape root system; 6. an underground support plate; 7. soil; 8. planting the bottom end of the ditch; 9. cold-proof planting ditch open end; 10. drying the yarn; 11. an underground portion; 12. grape trunk pressing hook.
5. The specific embodiment is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a deep ditch cultivation method for grape without burying soil in winter, which comprises the following steps:
the cold-proof planting ditch 1 is deeply dug in the grape cultivation row, the cold-proof planting ditch is communicated with a drainage ditch in a garden, the planting ditch is 60cm wide and 60cm wide, grape seedlings are planted obliquely along one side of the cold-proof planting ditch (the grape root system 5 can face into the row or between the rows in oblique planting), when the height of the grape seedlings is more than 1.2m, an underground supporting plate 6 with the width of 30cm is arranged at one side of the planting grape seedlings and 20cm away from the bottom, part of soil 7 is backfilled on the underground supporting plate 6, the soil is covered to be flush with the ground plane and compact with the soil, after the soil is covered, the width of the opening end of the planting ditch becomes 30cm, the grape seedlings are guided to continue to grow obliquely upwards (see fig. 3), so that the grape seedlings grow obliquely from one side of the opening end 9 of the cold-proof planting ditch to the fixed dry wire 10, and the fence frame or the V-shaped frame are cultivated.
In spring and summer of the first year, drip irrigation pipes are arranged in the cold-proof planting ditches, and when more than 6 leaves of grape seedlings are irrigated, nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 3-4 times in a matched mode, so that grape branches are promoted to develop rapidly, the grape seedlings are guided to climb on the first layer of fixed dry wires (40 cm in height) between the upright posts 2, the grape seedlings are picked up and grown to be trunks.
In winter, the grape overground part trunk 3 and the grape underground part trunk 4 are pressed back to the bottom end 8 of the planting ditch, the grape trunk is put down in the planting ditch by using a grape trunk pressing hook 12 (see fig. 5), and the opening of the cold-proof ditch is covered with materials such as a baffle plate, a felt and the like.
In spring of the next year, the grape trunk is hooked out by using the grape trunk pressing hook 12 to be guided to be put on the shelf. And for germination on the trunk, all the germination inside the planting ditch is erased, and the selection above the planting ditch is more robust to continue culture. Applying nitrogen fertilizer for 3-4 times to promote development of branches.
In summer and autumn of the next year, two stronger young shoots are selected as double arms according to production requirements, and the hedge frame is cultivated.
In winter in the second year, the two arms are reserved, weaker branch parts are trimmed, and the process of taking off the rack in winter in the first year is repeated.
The next year of the racking operation is repeated, the single-trunk double-arm hedge tree shape is cultivated, and 1-2 bud stubbles are selected and reserved on the trunk in winter (see fig. 1 and 2).
The grape of the invention can be vertically fixed at the bottom end 8 of the planting ditch.
The underground support plate 6 can be horizontally placed or obliquely upwards placed towards one side of the non-fixedly planted seedlings; if the local soil is harder, the bottom of the cold-proof planting ditch 1 can be directly enlarged by adopting a side digging mode without using an underground supporting plate 6.
The depth of the cold-proof planting ditch 1 is determined according to the lowest temperature in the local winter and the thickness of buried soil in the past year.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A deep ditch cultivation method for grape without burying soil in winter is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: deep digging a cold-proof planting ditch (1) in a grape cultivation row, planting grape seedlings along one side of the cold-proof planting ditch (1), when the height of the grape seedlings is more than 60-cm of the depth of the cold-proof planting ditch, installing an underground support plate (6) at the position 20-cm away from the bottom on one side of the planting grape seedlings, backfilling soil (7) on the underground support plate (6) until the soil is flush with the ground, wherein the width of the underground support plate (6) is the same as the backfilled soil, and is half of the width of the cold-proof planting ditch, and the grape seedlings obliquely grow to a fixed dry wire (10) from one side of an opening end (9) of the cold-proof planting ditch to culture a fence frame or a V-shaped frame; the grape overground part trunk (3) and the grape underground part trunk (4) are pressed back to the bottom end (8) of the cold-proof planting ditch in winter, the opening end (9) of the cold-proof planting ditch is covered with a cold-proof material, the cold-proof material is removed in spring, and the grape trunk is guided to be put on the shelf;
the grape is planted obliquely or vertically at the bottom end (8) of the cold-proof planting ditch, and the root system faces to the inside or between rows during oblique planting;
after the trunks of grape seedlings grow along the fixed-stem silk (10), managing according to a culture mode of a hedge frame or a V-shaped frame, and selecting and reserving 1-2 fruiting branches on the trunks in winter for cutting off after buds;
the cold-proof planting ditch is narrow in opening end (9), the cold-proof planting ditch is wide in bottom end (8), and the underground support plate (6) is horizontally placed or obliquely upwards placed towards one side of the non-planting nursery stock; if the local soil is harder, an underground supporting plate (6) is not used, and the bottom of the cold-proof planting ditch (1) is directly enlarged in a side digging mode;
drip irrigation pipes are paved in the cold-proof planting ditches (1), and one end of each cold-proof planting ditch is communicated with the drainage ditches;
the depth of the cold-proof planting ditch (1) is determined according to the lowest temperature in the local winter and the buried soil thickness in the past year.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111084650.5A CN113767808B (en) | 2021-09-16 | 2021-09-16 | A method for cultivating grapes in deep trenches without burying soil in winter |
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| CN202111084650.5A CN113767808B (en) | 2021-09-16 | 2021-09-16 | A method for cultivating grapes in deep trenches without burying soil in winter |
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| CN113767808A CN113767808A (en) | 2021-12-10 |
| CN113767808B true CN113767808B (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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