CN113081051A - TEE inspection device, system and imaging method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a TEE (tele electronic engineering) inspection device, a TEE inspection system and a TEE inspection method, which belong to the technical field of medical equipment. The structure is simple, the volume is small, the use is convenient, and the cost is low. The inspection system is small in size, convenient to use and low in cost, data are transmitted in a wireless mode, the movement is convenient, the inspection system can be operated along with the ground, and clinical inspection or teaching is facilitated. The imaging method has the advantages of good imaging effect, small error and wide image field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, and particularly relates to a TEE inspection device, an inspection system and an imaging method.
Background
Observing the condition and function of the patient's heart can be a difficult and dangerous procedure. Echocardiography can mitigate the risk of injury to the patient by using ultrasound imaging techniques. In echocardiography, a physician uses an ultrasound probe that includes one or more ultrasound transducers that emit ultrasound energy in the form of ultrasound waves to create an image of the heart, the ultrasound waves being partially reflected by discontinuities created by tissue structures, red blood cells, and other features of interest, to obtain images of various angles of the patient's heart. The echoes or reflected ultrasound waves are received by the ultrasound transducer and transmitted to a signal processor, which processes the received ultrasound echoes to produce an image of the heart near the location where the ultrasound transducer is placed.
Present TEE inspection device is bulky, expensive, annual maintenance cost is high, and this greatly increased the cost of hospital, because bulky leads to removing inconveniently for inspection or teaching demonstration can only be in fixed place, all carry out data transmission through data line connection between each equipment of present TEE inspection dress in addition, because the connecting wire too can cause the winding, but also restricted removal operation range.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a TEE inspection apparatus which is simple in structure, small in size, convenient to use, and low in cost.
Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a TEE inspection system, which is small in size, convenient to use, low in cost, and convenient to move due to wireless transmission of data.
It is a further object of embodiments of the present invention to provide a TEE imaging method with good imaging effect, small error and wide image field.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides a TEE inspection device, which comprises a shell, and a control module, a wireless communication module, a battery and a power control board which are arranged in the shell, wherein the wireless communication module, the battery and the power control board are all electrically connected with the control module, the front end of the shell is provided with a probe connector, the shell is also internally provided with a radiator, the radiator is connected with the control module, the side wall of the shell is provided with heat dissipation holes at the positions corresponding to the radiator, and the outer side wall of the shell is provided with a magnetic part.
Optionally, a fan is further disposed in the housing, the fan corresponds to the heat sink, and an air inlet is disposed in a position of the side wall of the housing corresponding to the fan.
Optionally, the surface of the magnetic member is covered with a protective pad.
Optionally, the protective pad is a silica gel pad.
Optionally, a hook is arranged at the rear end of the housing.
Optionally, a USB interface is further disposed on the housing, and the USB interface is electrically connected to the control module.
Optionally, the processor model of the control module is STC89C52, RK3288, AT89C52 or STC12C5608 AD.
Optionally, the wireless communication module is a GPRS transceiver or a CDMA transceiver.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a TEE inspection system, which comprises a display device, an ultrasonic probe and the TEE inspection device, wherein the ultrasonic probe is detachably connected with a probe connector of the TEE inspection device, and the display device is in communication connection with the TEE inspection device.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a TEE imaging method, including the steps of:
s1: forming a transmitting beam, transmitting a pulse wave signal to the ultrasonic probe through a TEE (test equipment), exciting piezoelectric array elements of the ultrasonic probe by using pulse waves to transmit delayed ultrasonic waves with different phases, simultaneously transmitting waveforms transmitted by all the piezoelectric array elements to an area needing focusing reinforcement under the action of transmitting focusing to form transmitting focusing, and setting a focus to be F;
s2: forming a receiving wave beam, and carrying out echo focusing on a focus F, specifically accumulating echoes reflected to all piezoelectric array elements from a focusing strengthened area so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a scanning line;
s3: amplitude apodization, wherein the amplitude apodization weights signals in the space direction to reduce the amplitude of a side lobe and widen a main lobe;
s4: sequentially performing quadrature demodulation, envelope detection and logarithmic compression processing on the digital signal in the S3;
s5: and imaging and displaying, namely performing scanning conversion on the processed data to generate an image to be displayed and displaying the image through a display device.
Optionally, in step S1, if the distances between the array elements and the focal point F are different, the time for transmitting the ultrasonic waves is also different, the array elements far away are transmitted first, and the array elements near to each other are transmitted with delay, and the method for calculating the delay transmission time is as follows:
assuming that the distances from the focus F to the left and right array elements are l1 and l2, and the depth of the focus F on the scan line is n, the distance differences between the focus distance and the focus depth of the left and right array elements are:
lleft＝l1-n
lright＝l2-n
if lleft＞lrightThen the left array element transmits ultrasonic wave first and the right array element delays trightThen re-emitting ultrasonic waves for a delay time trightComprises the following steps:
in the formula, cc is 1540 m/s.
Optionally, in step S2, the echo accumulation calculation method is as follows:
wherein n is the depth of focus F, elements are array element numbers, and SeIs the echo signal of array element e, Wn is the amplitude apodization coefficient, taueThe delay time difference of the focus echo of different array elements and the starting point of the scanning line.
Optionally, in step S4, the quadrature demodulation decomposes the input real signal into an in-phase signal I and a quadrature signal Q for output through digital down-conversion, low-pass filtering, and decimation.
Optionally, in the step S5, the scan conversion is to perform interpolation processing around the actually scanned pixel point by using a bilinear interpolation method, so as to obtain an image to be displayed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the TEE inspection device provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, convenience in use and low cost.
The TEE inspection system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of small volume, convenient use, low cost, wireless data transmission, convenient movement, operation at any place and convenience for clinical inspection or teaching.
The TEE imaging method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of good imaging effect, small error and wide image field.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a TEE inspection apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a TEE inspection system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an algorithm framework of a TEE imaging method according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of transmit focusing;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of receiving a focus delay;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of amplitude apodization;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a hamming Window curve;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of quadrature demodulation;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the amplitude-phase characteristics of an FIR filter;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of pulse envelope detection;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of logarithmic compression;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a scan conversion method;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of scan conversion calculation;
in the figure: 10-an inspection device; 11-a housing; 111-a housing; 112-front end cap; 113-rear end cap; 114-heat dissipation holes; 115-air inlet holes; 116-a hook; 12-a control module; 13-a wireless communication module; 14-a battery; 15-power control board; 16-a heat sink; 17-a fan; 18-a strong magnetic magnet; 181-protective pad; 19-a probe connector; 20-a display device; 30-ultrasonic probe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "front", "back", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally arranged when the products of the present invention are used, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, which are merely used for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements that are referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be mechanically coupled, directly coupled, indirectly coupled through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a TEE (echocardiogram) examination device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 11, a control module 12, a wireless communication module 13, a battery 14, and a power control board 15.
The housing 11 includes a casing 111, a front cover 112 and a rear cover 113, the front cover 112 is disposed at the front end of the casing 111, the rear cover 113 is disposed at the rear end of the casing 111, and the front cover 112 and the rear cover 113 are both connected to the casing 111 in a snap-fit manner, so that the front cover 112 or the rear cover 113 can be conveniently detached.
The control module 12 is disposed within the housing 111, the control module 12 being primarily for processing information. The processor model of the control module 12 may be STC89C52, RK3288, AT89C52, STC12C5608AD, and in this embodiment, the processor model of the control module 12 is AT89C 52. The AT89C52 is an 8-bit general purpose microprocessor, using an industry standard C51 core, identical in internal functions and pin layout to the general 8xc52, which is mainly used for function control in convergence adjustment. The functions include initialization of functional components such as a convergence main IC internal register, a data RAM, an external interface and the like, convergence adjustment control, convergence test pattern control, receiving and decoding of an infrared remote control signal IR, communication with a mainboard CPU and the like. The main pins are as follows: XTAL1 (pin 19) and XTAL2 (pin 18) are input and output ports of the oscillator and are externally connected with a 12MHz crystal oscillator. RST/Vpd (pin 9) is a reset input port and is externally connected with a reset circuit consisting of a resistor and a capacitor. VCC (pin 40) and VSS (pin 20) are power supply ports and are respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of a +5V power supply. P0-P3 are programmable general I/O pins, and the functional purpose of the pins is defined by software.
The battery 14 is disposed in the housing 111, the battery 14 is a rechargeable battery 14, the battery 14 is electrically connected to the control module 12, and the battery 14 is used for providing power for various electric elements.
The power control panel 15 sets up in rear end cap 113, and power control panel 15 is connected with control module 12 electricity, is equipped with a plurality of control switches on the power control panel 15, and rear end cap 113 is equipped with the through-hole in the position corresponding with control switch, and control switch wears out from the through-hole, and it can to open corresponding control switch as required during the use.
The side wall of the rear end cover 113 or the side wall of the shell 111 is further provided with a USB interface, the USB interface is electrically connected with the control module 12, the USB interface is used for charging, and the USB interface is also used for being in communication connection with other equipment so as to transmit data.
The housing 111 is further provided with a heat sink 16, the heat sink 16 may be an aluminum heat sink, and the heat sink 16 and the heat generating component of the control module 12 are bonded by a heat conducting adhesive, or may be welded. The side wall of the housing 111 is provided with heat radiation holes 114 at portions corresponding to the heat sink 16, so that heat generated in the housing 111 is radiated to the outside.
Still be equipped with fan 17 in casing 111, fan 17 is located the one end of radiator 16, louvre 114 is located the one end of keeping away from fan 17 of radiator 16, fan 17 is connected with control module 12 electricity, the lateral wall of casing 111 is equipped with fresh air inlet 115 at the position corresponding with fan 17, the setting of fan 17 has improved the mobility of the interior air of casing 111, thereby the radiating efficiency of radiator 16 has been improved greatly, make control module 12's temperature can not be too high, better assurance control module 12's normal work.
Still be equipped with the recess on the lateral wall of casing 111, be equipped with strong magnet 18 in the recess, strong magnet 18's setting makes TEE inspection device 10 can adsorb on other articles. The surface of the strong magnetic magnet 18 is covered with a protective pad 181, the protective pad 181 can be made of silica gel or cloth, and the protective pad 181 is arranged to protect the TEE inspection device 10 and the objects adsorbed by the TEE inspection device from being abraded and scratched.
The end of the housing 111 near the rear end cap 113 is further provided with a hook 116, the hook 116 and the strong magnet 18 are respectively distributed on the opposite sides of the housing 111, and the hook 116 is arranged to conveniently hang the TEE inspection apparatus 10.
The front end of front end housing 112 is equipped with probe connector 19, when needing to inspect the patient, be connected TEE probe and probe connector 19 can, TEE probe is connected for the joint with probe connector 19, and convenient to detach or change different TEE probes like this and inspect the commonality that has improved TEE inspection device 10 greatly, has practiced thrift the cost.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a TEE inspection system, which includes a display device 20, an ultrasonic probe 30 and a TEE inspection apparatus 10.
It should be noted that the TEE inspection apparatus 10 in this embodiment may adopt the TEE inspection apparatus 10 in embodiment 1, and the structure, the working principle, and the generated technical effects refer to the corresponding contents in embodiment 1, which are not described herein again.
The ultrasonic probe 30 is in communication connection with the probe connector 19, the display device 20 is in communication connection with the TEE inspection apparatus 10, the display device 20 and the TEE inspection apparatus 10 can be connected through a wireless network, can also be connected through bluetooth, or are connected through a data line, in this embodiment, the display device 20 and the TEE inspection apparatus 10 are connected through a wireless network.
The ultrasound probe 30 is used for insertion into a patient for data acquisition.
The display device 20 is used for displaying images and data generated during examination, so that medical staff can conveniently observe the images and data. The display device 20 may be a display screen, a smart phone, a tablet computer, or the like. In this embodiment, the display device 20 is a smart phone, which is convenient to use.
The working principle of the TEE inspection system provided by the embodiment is as follows:
the ultrasound probe 30 is placed into the patient's body from the patient's esophagus and then operated by holding the TEE examination apparatus 10 with the hand, and the results of the examination are computationally generated into an image and displayed on the display device 20 for viewing by medical personnel.
The TEE inspection system is small in size, convenient to carry or move, low in cost, convenient to use, capable of being operated at any time and any place, and convenient for clinical inspection or teaching.
Example 3
The third embodiment of the invention provides a TEE imaging method, which is realized by the TEE inspection system in the second embodiment.
Referring to fig. 3, the algorithmic process of the imaging method includes 3 sections of Front-End (Front-End) processing, Mid-End (Mid-End) processing, and Back-End (Back-End) processing.
The front end mainly aims at the emission, the receiving, the conditioning and the like of the RF signals, the middle end carries out basic digital signal processing, and the rear end carries out corresponding algorithm processing aiming at the display and the Doppler.
After the ultrasound algorithm is completed, image processing, such as sharpening, noise reduction, etc., is typically performed and then applied to the display.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: transmitting wave beam forming (TX Beamforming), transmitting pulse wave signals to the ultrasonic probe 30 through the TEE inspection device 10, exciting piezoelectric array elements of the ultrasonic probe 30 by the pulse waves to transmit delay ultrasonic waves with different phases, and under the action of transmitting focusing, enabling waveforms transmitted by all the piezoelectric array elements to simultaneously reach an area needing focusing strengthening to form transmitting focusing, and setting a focus to be F;
referring to fig. 4, the dotted line is the actual scan line, F is the focal point, i.e. the region to be focused, and the principle of transmit focusing is that the waveforms transmitted by all array elements reach the focal point F at the same time to form focusing.
Because the distances from the array elements to the focal point F are different, after the emission is started, the emission is started only after the array elements need to delay different time, and finally the effect that the acoustic waves reach the focal point F at the same time is formed, so the emission focusing is converted into the calculation of the emission delay of the array elements.
Assuming that the ultrasonic waves emitted from the leftmost and rightmost array elements in fig. 4 are focused, the distances from the focal point F to the 2 array elements are l1 and l2, and the depth of the focal point F on the scanning line is n, then the distance differences between the focal point distances and the focal depth of the 2 array elements are calculated as follows:
lleft＝l1-n
lright＝l2-n
the focusing effect can be achieved by emitting early when the distance difference is large and emitting late when the distance difference is small, and we assume thatleft＞lrightThen the leftmost array element needs to be transmitted early and the rightmost array element needs to be delayed by trightThen transmitting for a delay time trightComprises the following steps:
wherein cc is sound velocity 1540m/s, the leftmost array element is transmitted immediately after the transmission synchronous trigger command is reached, and the rightmost array element is delayed by trightAnd transmitting, wherein the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the two can reach the focal point F at the same time to form transmitting focusing.
S2: forming a receiving beam (RX Beamforming), performing echo focusing on the focus F, specifically, accumulating echoes reflected from the focusing-enhanced region to all piezoelectric array elements to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the scanning line:
referring to fig. 5, the receive beamforming is similar to the transmit beamforming, and the echo focusing is performed on the focus F, that is, the echoes reflected from the focus F to all the array elements are accumulated, so as to improve the SNR (signal to noise ratio) of the scan line.
In the graph of fig. 5, a scan line (scan line) is shown by a dotted line, and the depth of a focal point F on the scan line is n, if we want to perform receive beam forming on F to form 1 focused pixel point, then there are:
in the formula, elements are array element numbers, SeIs the echo signal of array element e, Wn is the amplitude apodization coefficient, taueThe delay time difference of the focus echo of different array elements and the starting point of the scanning line.
As can be seen from the above, τ is calculatedeCan be aligned with SeThe data is correctly delayed.
Setting the distance between the array element e and the scanning initial point as d, and the included angle between the probe and the scanning line as theta, and according to the cosine theorem, calculating the distance between the array element e and the focus F as l:
the difference between the array element e and the focus echo distance of the starting point of the scanning line is:
dif(n)＝l(n)-n
dividing the distance difference by the sound velocity to obtain the delay time difference taue：
S3: amplitude apodization, wherein the amplitude apodization weights signals in the space direction to reduce the amplitude of a side lobe and widen a main lobe;
referring to fig. 6, different weighting is performed on the same echo signal on different array element channels, where the maximum weighting is 1 and the minimum weighting is 0, and after weighting, the array element closer to the focus contributes most to the focus, and the array element farther from the focus contributes least to the focus.
The weighting function is typically Hamming Window:
wherein e is the array element number, and N is the maximum array element number.
Taking a conventional 128-array element system as an example, the apodization curve of Hamming Window is shown in fig. 7, and assuming that the scanning line is in the center of the array element, the closer the array element is to the center, the closer the weighting coefficient is to 1, and conversely, the farther the array element is from the center (probe 2 end), the closer the weighting coefficient is to 0.
S4: sequentially performing quadrature demodulation, envelope detection and logarithmic compression processing on the digital signal in the S3;
quadrature Demodulation (Demodulation) is widely used in the field of signal analysis, and decomposes an input real number signal into an in-phase signal I and a quadrature signal Q, thereby facilitating subsequent signal processing.
As shown in fig. 8, quadrature demodulation involves digital down-conversion, low-pass filtering, decimation, and ultimately results I, Q in the analytic signal output.
The Digital Down Converter (Digital Down Converter) is calculated as follows:
assume that the analytic form of the input signal s (t) is:
s(t)＝I(t)*cos(2πfct)-Q(t)*sin(2πfct)
the baseband mixing signals are:
wherein f iscIs the transmit pulse center frequency (carrier frequency).
For way I:
for the Q way:
the Low-Pass filtering (Low Pass Filter) is realized by using an FIR structure and is mainly used for filtering 2 frequency multiplication components after down-conversion.
As shown in fig. 9, the 32tap FIR filter performs low-pass filtering, the cut-off frequency can be modified according to the probe bandwidth, and after the filtering is completed, the output IQ signal is:
extraction (demodulation), after quadrature demodulation, the signal is moved to the baseband, the bandwidth is small, and in order to reduce the data volume, the signal is extracted by setting the extraction coefficient as M, and the extracted IQ signal is:
envelope Detection (Envelope Detection), the B mode is a brightness mode, the intensity of the displayed image is actually the magnitude of the signal modulus, so the signal modulus needs to be calculated to restore the Envelope of the whole pulse echo.
As shown in fig. 10, the envelope signal of the ultrasonic echo pulse is finally obtained, and since the IQ signal is already obtained before, the IQ signal is subjected to modulus calculation to obtain the envelope signal:
after the envelope is obtained, the real intensity change of the signal is obtained by Log Compression (Log Compression), but the gray scale range of a general display is usually 0255, while the change range of the ultrasonic envelope is far beyond 255, and the display cannot be directly adapted, so that the intensity Compression of the signal is needed to adapt the display for displaying.
Here, a logarithmic compression method is adopted:
slog(t)＝A*log10(senv(t))+B
a, B is constant and can be adjusted according to display effect.
As shown in fig. 11, the abscissa is the envelope intensity and the ordinate is the log compression value, it can be seen that as the magnitude of the envelope intensity increases, the log compression value increases at a very slow rate, thereby achieving the purpose of data compression.
After log compression, the data can be used for display or image processing.
S5: and imaging display, namely performing scan conversion on the processed data to generate an image to be displayed, and displaying the image through the display device 20.
Scan Conversion (Scan Conversion), as shown in fig. 12, fig. 12(a) is a real geometry of a Scan, fig. 12(b) is a diagram of a display screen to be displayed, and fig. 12(c) is a diagram explaining how to obtain a final display image using the pixels of fig. 12 (a).
Because the real scan line has any angle and the display pixels of the display are squares, the angular scan line is used to interpolate the pixels of the surrounding squares to complete the scan conversion, the rectangular points in fig. 12(c) are the actual scan line pixels, and the circular points are the interpolated square pixels.
As shown in FIG. 13, any sample point a (x, z), where a (r, θ) is represented in polar coordinates
Let us assume that we have 4 sample points whose pixel values are: s (i, j), s (i, j +1), s (i +1, j + 1).
The grid pixel point needing interpolation is p, the polar coordinate value of p in the scanning coordinate system is p (rp, theta p), and the interpolation method is a bilinear interpolation method.
Firstly, calculating the weight range of bilinear interpolation:
Δr＝|r(i+1)-r(i)|
Δθ＝|θ(i+1)-θ(i)|
after calculating the reference weight of p relative to the weight range:
rr＝|rp-r(i)|
θr＝|θp-θ(i)|
normalizing the weight to obtain a reference weight of p:
first, r-based linear interpolations x (i) and x (i +1) are calculated:
x(i)＝s(i，j)*(1-rrn)+s(i，j+1)*rrn
x(i+1)＝s(i+1，j)*(1-rrn)+s(i+1，j+1)*rrn
and secondly, performing linear interpolation of p points according to the interpolation result of the first step:
p＝x(i)*(1-θrn)+x(i+1)*θrn
by the above calculation, the amplitude value of each point in space can be obtained, and after the dynamic range compression, the image data of the ultrasound can be obtained, thereby obtaining the final display image.
The invention is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and any other various forms of products can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in shape or structure thereof, which fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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