CN113039990B - Kiwi fruit shaping method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a actinidia arguta shaping method which comprises the steps of (1) building a U-shaped frame; (2) planting actinidia arguta; (3) culturing the trunk; (4) culturing the main vines; (5) culturing fruiting mother vines; (6) and (5) culturing the fruit mother vines again. Compared with a flat shed frame and a low hedge frame which are commonly used in actinidia arguta production, the U-shaped frame fully utilizes space, soil fertility and photo-thermal resources, the fruiting frame surface can be improved by more than one time, the pruning method is innovated, fruiting branches and tendrils can be fully distributed on the frame surface in 2-3 years, the yield can be doubled theoretically, and the actinidia arguta can enter a high-yield period 1-2 years earlier.

Description

A kind of soft jujube kiwi fruit shaping method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and more particularly relates to a shaping method for jujube kiwifruit.

Background technique

Actinidia is a perennial deciduous vine that originated in China. It belongs to Actinidia Lindl. of Actinidiaceae. There are 75 taxa, including 54 species and 21 varieties (Huang Hongwen, 2013). The cultivars in production are mainly derived from the original variety of Chinese kiwifruit (ActinidiachinesisPlanch.var.chinesis), the delicious kiwifruit variety (A.chinesisPlanch.var.deliciosaA.Chev.) and the soft jujube kiwifruit (A.arguta) (Qi Xiujuan et al., 2015 ).

Soft jujube kiwifruit is a species in the genus Actinidia. The fruit is similar to jujube, smaller and softer. It is also known as soft jujube. It is mainly distributed in North China, Northeast my country, Northwest China and the high-altitude areas of the Yangtze River Basin. Jujube kiwifruit has the characteristics of smooth fruit surface, edible skin, and ready-to-eat, so it is more and more favored by consumers.

At present, trellis and low-fence cultivation are commonly used in the production of jujube kiwifruit, and the yield per mu is only about 500kg, which is too low and seriously affects the economic benefits. On the other hand, due to the limitation of ecological environment and climatic and soil conditions, as of 2018, the planting area of domestic soft jujube kiwifruit is about 2800hm ² and the output is only about 1000 tons, which is far from meeting the market demand.

Therefore, how to improve the yield of kiwifruit is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for shaping kiwifruit jujube, so as to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for shaping soft jujube kiwifruit, which specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Build a U-shaped frame

Set up the columns with holes according to the spacing of 5-7m and the row spacing of 2-4m, and then fix the horizontal tube by welding or using clips in the middle and upper parts of the adjacent columns in the vertical row, and weld the top of the adjacent columns in the parallel row. Or use clips to fix the first vertical tube, and fix the second vertical tube by welding or use clips in the middle of the adjacent horizontal tube, respectively at the intersection of the vertical column and the first vertical tube and at the intersection of the horizontal tube and the adjacent second vertical tube. The bow tube is fixed by welding at the two intersection points, and the U frame with holes is fixed by welding on the middle and lower parts of the column and the horizontal tubes on both sides of the column. frame;

(2) Planting soft jujube kiwifruit

The row spacing of 2m×3m is adopted, 3 plants are planted between two adjacent columns, and 112 plants are planted per mu;

(3) Cultivate the backbone

After planting, select 2-4 full buds on the upper part of the grafting mouth, and cut them 2cm above the cutting buds. After germination, when the young shoots grow to 15cm, keep a new shoot with strong growth and lead to the column in time. Make it grow up quickly and cultivate it as the main trunk in the future;

(4) Cultivate the main vine

When the new shoot grows to 20cm higher than the first wire drawing, top the 10cm full bud 2cm above the first wire drawing. After the topping, 2-3 buds under the cut will be encouraged to germinate, and one of the branches with strong upward growth is selected as the first branch. The trunk of the second-layer shelf, and the rest of the shoots are tied horizontally in the opposite direction, and cultivated as the main vine of the first layer;

(5) Cultivation results of mother vines

When the horizontally bound main vine grows to 25-30cm, topping at 16.5cm, and the topping position is selected 2cm at the front of the full bud to promote the rapid germination of lateral branches on the main vine. After topping, select 3 strong branches, one for the forward The main spreading long branch that leads the horizontal growth, and the other two lateral branches are bound horizontally in the direction perpendicular to the main vine, and cultivated as the fruit vine in the coming year. When the fruit vine grows to 50cm, it is bound horizontally in the U-shaped frame. On both sides of the wire drawing, and topping at 40cm, the secondary shoots that germinate later are repeatedly topped, and the secondary shoots from the mother vines can be fruited later;

(6) Re-cultivation results mother vine

When the main vine that continues to grow horizontally grows to 40-45cm again, pluck the heart at a distance of 50cm from the main trunk, and then cultivate a group of fruit vines and Yanchang vines. Pinch the heart at cm, select 2 strong branches and vines and bind them in parallel on the wire drawing perpendicular to the main vine; finally, a group of fruiting mother vines are cultivated every 33.3 cm on the horizontal main vine, and 6 groups and 12 fruit vines are cultivated on each plant and layer. The mother vine, the result is that the mother vine is evenly distributed on the main vine;

(7) The operation method of the rest of the layers is the same as that of steps (3)-(6). The main vines and the fruiting mother vines that have been cultivated in the future are fixed, and the fruiting branches issued on the fruiting mother vines only need to be pruned in winter. Just cut short.

The beneficial effect of the invention is that, overcoming the limitation of land area and developing into space, the fruiting area can be more than doubled, the yield can be doubled or even higher in theory, and the pruning management after the tree is formed is convenient and easy to manage. Mechanization, simplification and standardization can meet the major needs of industrial development.

Further, in the above step (1), the column and the U frame are provided with a number of small holes with a spacing of 0.4-0.6m, preferably 0.5m, and the positions of the small holes are horizontally corresponding, and the steel wire passes through the small holes and is fixed in parallel rows. between the adjacent uprights and the U frame.

The further beneficial effect of adopting the above is that 12 gauge galvanized steel wire is selected, and the thickness is 2.6mm. There are 7 lines of wire drawing on the column and at both ends of the U frame, 0.7m, 1.2m, 1.7m, 2.2m, 2.7m, 3.2m, and 3.7m from the ground respectively, and the distance between each wire drawing is 50cm. When the length of the line exceeds 30m, use a wire tensioner to tighten it and fix it on the side post. The branches and vines of kiwifruit are evenly distributed on the surface of the U-shaped fence. All the wires at both ends of each column on the shelf are fixed with fasteners, so that the wires are not loose between the columns, so as to support the branches and fruits.

Further, in the above-mentioned step (1), the U-shaped frame also includes a cement plinth, the diameter of the cement plinth is 30-50cm, preferably 40cm, and the height is 50-70cm, preferably 60cm; the cement plinth is inserted in the soil, The column is inserted into the cement column base. Further, the column adopts a galvanized round tube with a diameter of 3-5cm, preferably 4cm, or a galvanized square tube of (3-5)cm×(5-7)cm, preferably 4cm×6cm; the total length of the column is The length is 4-6m, preferably 5m; the length of the column inserted in the soil or the cement base is 0.4-0.6m, preferably 0.5m.

The further beneficial effect of adopting the above is that, through the setting of the cement column base, the column is inserted into the cement column base, or a slightly thinner steel pipe is used to be prefabricated together with the column base, and then the column is sleeved into the thin steel pipe, and the holes are drilled. It is fixed with screws. When the plot is large (the line length exceeds 30m), the surrounding columns are reinforced with diagonal braces or ground anchor lines to ensure the stability of the columns.

Further, in the above step (1), the horizontal pipe adopts square steel of (3-5) cm×(3-5) cm, preferably 4 cm×4 cm; the horizontal pipe is 3.2-4.2 m away from the ground, preferably 3.7 m.

The further beneficial effect of the above is that the upper part of the U-shaped frame is connected with the horizontal tube, and the bow rod can be welded on the upper part of the horizontal tube, and the horizontal tube runs through the whole circle, which stabilizes the frame shape.

Further, in the above-mentioned step (1), both the first vertical tube and the second vertical tube are made of rectangular steel of (1-3) cm×(3-5) cm, preferably 2 cm×4 cm.

The further beneficial effect of adopting the above is that the first longitudinal tube and the second are used for welding the bow rod, supporting the bow rod, and facilitating the installation of the sunshade net.

Further, in the above-mentioned step (1), the bow tube adopts the bow-shaped round tube (6 in charge), the bow-shaped plastic steel bar (solid) or the ridge-shaped galvanized steel wire (No. 8), and the intervals are respectively 2.0m, 1.5m, 1.0-1.5m .

The above-mentioned further beneficial effect is that kiwifruit is afraid of high temperature and strong light, and the bow tube is covered with a light transmittance of about 70% and a high-quality sunshade net (service life of more than 3 years), so as to reduce the temperature of the orchard and weaken the strong light exposure. The sunshade net is fixed on the bow tube with the lamination line, or the rocker rods are installed on both sides, which is convenient to retract.

Further, in the above-mentioned step (1), the U frame adopts the galvanized rectangular steel of (1-3)cm×(3-5)cm, preferably 2cm×4cm; the height of the U frame is 2.5-3.5m, preferably 3m ; The width of the U frame is 0.6-1.0m, preferably 0.8m.

The above-mentioned further beneficial effect is that the U frame is drilled with steel wires every 0.5cm to bind the fruit vines of the jujube kiwifruit, and the fruit vines are evenly distributed, while avoiding the drooping of the branches and vines, and reducing the friction damage between the fruit and the leaves , the U frame supports and fixes the multi-layer fruit vines, which is beneficial to the improvement of yield.

As can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

Compared with the flat trellis and low-fence trellis commonly used in the production of jujube kiwifruit, the U-shaped trellis of the invention makes full use of space, ground force and light and heat resources, which not only can increase the result rack surface by more than double, but also innovates through the shaping and pruning method. , 2-3 years can make the branches and vines cover the shelf, theoretically, the yield can be doubled, and the high-yield period can be entered 1-2 years earlier.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative work.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a U-shaped frame provided by the present invention.

Among them, 1-upright column, 2-transverse tube, 3-first vertical tube, 4-second vertical tube, 5-bow tube, 6-U frame, 7-cement column base, 8-small hole.

Detailed ways

The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the indicated device or Elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation and are therefore not to be construed as limitations of the invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may include the first and second features in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not directly but through additional features between them. Also, the first feature being "above", "over" and "above" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature is "below", "below" and "below" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.

The embodiment of the present invention discloses a U-shaped frame, which includes several vertical columns 1, several horizontal tubes 2, several first vertical tubes 3, several second vertical tubes 4, several bow tubes 5, several U frames 6 and several steel wires (Fig. Wherein: the lower end of the column 1 is inserted into the soil, the spacing between the adjacent columns 1 is 6m, and the row spacing is 3m; The ground is parallel to the row direction; the first vertical pipe 3 is fixed to the top of the adjacent column 1 by welding or using clips, and is parallel to the ground and parallel to the row direction; the second vertical pipe 4 is fixed by welding or using clips The middle part of the adjacent horizontal tube 2 is parallel to the ground and the row direction; the middle part of the bow tube 5 is fixed to the intersection of the upright column 1 and the first vertical tube 3 by welding, and the two ends of the bow tube 5 are respectively fixed by welding. The intersection of the horizontal tube 2 and the second vertical tube 4; the middle part of the U frame 6 is fixed to the middle and lower part of the column 1 by welding, and the two ends of the U frame 6 are respectively fixed on the horizontal tube 2 by welding; on the column 1 and the U frame 6 There are several small holes 7 , and the positions of the small holes 7 are horizontally corresponding, and the steel wire passes through the small holes 7 and is fixed between the adjacent column 1 and the adjacent U frame 6 . The U-shaped frame of the invention overcomes the limitation of land area and develops into space, which can increase the fruiting area by more than one time, and theoretically increase the output by one time or even higher, and is convenient for pruning and management after the tree is formed, and it is easy to be mechanized. Simplification and standardization can meet the major needs of industrial development.

In one embodiment, the U-shaped frame further includes a cement base, the diameter of the cement base is 40 cm, and the height is 60 cm; the cement base is inserted into the soil, and the upright column 1 is inserted into the cement base. In another embodiment, the diameter of the cement base is 30 cm and the height is 50 cm. In other embodiments, the diameter of the cement plinth is 50 cm and the height is 70 cm.

In one embodiment, the column 1 adopts a galvanized round pipe with a diameter of 4 cm; the total length of the column 1 is 5 m; the length of the column 1 inserted into the soil or the cement base is 0.5 m. In another embodiment, the column 1 adopts a galvanized round pipe with a diameter of 5 cm; the total length of the column 1 is 4; the length of the column 1 inserted into the soil or the cement base is 0.4 m. In another embodiment, the column 1 adopts a galvanized square tube of 4cm×6cm; the total length of the column 1 is 6m; the length of the column 1 inserted into the soil or the cement base is 0.6m. In the present invention, the column 1 is inserted into the cement column base through the setting of the cement column base, or a slightly thinner type of steel pipe is first prefabricated together with the column base, and then the column 1 is set into the thin steel pipe, punched, and fixed with screws. When the plot is large (the line length exceeds 30m), the surrounding columns 1 are reinforced with diagonal braces or ground anchor lines, thereby ensuring the stability of the columns 1.

In one embodiment, the horizontal tube 2 is made of square steel of 4cm×4cm; the horizontal tube 2 is 3.7m away from the ground. In another embodiment, the horizontal tube 2 is made of 3cm×3cm square steel; the horizontal tube 2 is 3.2 from the ground. In other embodiments, the horizontal pipe 2 is made of square steel of 5cm×5cm; the horizontal pipe 2 is 4.2m away from the ground. Connect the upper part of the U-shaped frame with the horizontal tube, and at the same time, the upper part of the horizontal tube can be welded with bow rods, and the horizontal tube runs through the whole circle, which stabilizes the frame shape.

In one embodiment, both the first vertical tube 3 and the second vertical tube 4 are rectangular steels of 2 cm×4 cm. In another embodiment, both the first vertical pipe 3 and the second vertical pipe 4 are made of 1cm×3cm rectangular steel. In other embodiments, both the first vertical pipe 3 and the second vertical pipe 4 are made of rectangular steel of 3 cm×5 cm. The first longitudinal tube and the second are used for the welding of the bow rod, support the bow rod, and facilitate the installation of the sunshade net.

In one embodiment, the arc tube 5 adopts an arcuate round tube (6 branches), and the interval is 2.0m. In another embodiment, the bow tube 5 is made of bow-shaped plastic steel bars (solid) with an interval of 1.5m. In other embodiments, the bow pipe 5 is made of roof-shaped galvanized steel wire (No. 8), and the interval is 1.2m. Kiwis are afraid of high temperature and strong light, and the bow tube 5 is covered with a light transmittance of about 70% and a high-quality sunshade net (service life of more than 3 years) to reduce the temperature of the orchard and weaken the strong light exposure. The sunshade net is fixed on the bow tube 5 with the lamination line, or the rocker rods are installed on both sides, which is convenient to retract.

In one embodiment, the U frame 6 adopts galvanized rectangular steel of 2 cm×4 cm; the height of the U frame 6 is 3 m; and the width of the U frame 6 is 0.8 m. In another embodiment, the U frame 6 adopts galvanized rectangular steel of 1 cm×3 cm; the height of the U frame 6 is 2.5 m; and the width of the U frame 6 is 0.6. In one embodiment, the U frame 6 adopts galvanized rectangular steel of 3cm×5cm; the height of the U frame 6 is 3.5m; and the width of the U frame 6 is 1.0m. The U frame is drilled with steel wires every 0.5cm to bind the fruiting vines of jujube kiwifruit. The fruiting branches and vines are evenly distributed, and at the same time, the branches and vines are prevented from drooping, and the friction damage between the fruit and the leaves is reduced. The U frame supports and fixes more Layer fruiting mother vines, which is conducive to the improvement of yield

In one embodiment, the spacing of the small holes 7 is 0.5m. In another embodiment, the spacing of the small holes 7 is 0.4m. In other embodiments, the spacing of the small holes 7 is 0.6m. Use No. 12 galvanized steel wire with a thickness of 2.6mm. There are 7 lines of wire drawing on the column 1 and both ends of the U frame 6, respectively, 0.7m, 1.2m, 1.7m, 2.2m, 2.7m, 3.2m and 3.7m from the ground, and the distance between each wire drawing is 50cm. When the length of the line exceeds 30m, use a wire tensioner to tighten it and fix it on the side post. The branches and vines of kiwifruit are evenly distributed on the U-shaped frame fence surface. All the wires at both ends of each column 1 on the shelf are fixed with fasteners (not shown in the figure), so that the wires are not loose between the columns 1, so as to support the branches and vines. and fruit.

Example 1

A method for shaping soft jujube kiwifruit, which specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Build a U-shaped frame

Columns with holes are arranged at a distance of 5m and a row spacing of 2m, and then the horizontal tubes are fixed at the upper and middle parts of the adjacent columns in the vertical row by welding or using clips, and at the top of the adjacent columns in the parallel row by welding or using clips Fix the first vertical tube, and fix the second vertical tube by welding or using clips in the middle of the adjacent horizontal tube, respectively at the intersection of the column and the first vertical tube and at the two intersections of the horizontal tube and the adjacent second vertical tube. The bow tube is fixed by welding, the U frame with holes is welded and fixed on the middle and lower parts of the column and the horizontal tubes on both sides of the column, and finally the U frame is drawn layer by layer through the small holes of the column and the U frame to obtain the U-shaped frame. ;

(2) Planting soft jujube kiwifruit

The row spacing of 2m×3m is adopted, 3 plants are planted between two adjacent columns, and 112 plants are planted per mu;

(3) Cultivate the backbone

After planting, choose 2 full buds on the upper part of the grafting mouth, and cut them 2cm above the buds of the cutting mouth. After germination, when the young shoots grow to 15cm, keep a new shoot with strong growth and tie it to the column in time to make it It grows rapidly upwards and is cultivated as the main trunk in the future;

(4) Cultivate the main vine

When the new shoots grow to 20cm higher than the first wire drawing, top the 10 cm full buds 2 cm above the first wire drawing. After the topping, the 2 buds under the cut will germinate, and one of the branches with strong upward growth is selected as the second layer. The trunk of the shelf surface, and the rest of the shoots are tied horizontally in the opposite direction, and cultivated as the main vine of the first layer;

After the main trunk is topped, the tree vigor is weak, and only one branch and vine germinates; after one branch and vine germinates, it is first tied to one side horizontally on the drawing wire, and the base is bow-shaped. It is cultivated as the main vine on the other side, and the branch sprouted at the bow angle of the other side grows upward as the main trunk;

(5) Cultivation results of mother vines

When the horizontally bound main vine grows to 25cm, topping at 16.5cm, and the topping position is selected 2cm at the front of the full bud to promote the main vine to quickly germinate side branches. After topping, select 3 strong branches, and one is used as the forward leading horizontal branch. The growing main spreading long branch, and the other two lateral branches are tied horizontally in the direction perpendicular to the main vine, and cultivated as the fruit vine in the coming year. When the fruit vine grows to 50cm, it is tied horizontally on both sides of the U-shaped frame. On the wire drawing, and topping at 40cm, the secondary shoots that re-germinate in the future are repeatedly topped, and the secondary shoots from the mother vines can be fruited later;

(6) Re-cultivation results mother vine

When the main vine that continues to grow horizontally grows to 40cm again, top the heart at 50cm away from the main trunk, and then cultivate a group of resultant vines and extended vines. Pinch the heart, and select 2 strong branches and vines and bind them in parallel to the wire drawing perpendicular to the main vine; finally, a group of fruiting mother vines are cultivated at intervals of 33.3 cm on the horizontal main vine, and 6 groups and 12 fruiting mother vines are cultivated on each plant and layer. , as a result, the female vines are evenly distributed on the main vine;

(7) The operation method of the rest of the layers is the same as that of steps (3)-(6). The main vines and the fruiting mother vines that have been cultivated in the future are fixed, and the fruiting branches issued on the fruiting mother vines only need to be pruned in winter. Just cut short.

Example 2

A method for shaping soft jujube kiwifruit, which specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Build a U-shaped frame

Set up columns with holes according to the spacing of 6m and the row spacing of 3m, and then fix the horizontal tube by welding or using clips at the middle and upper parts of the adjacent columns in the vertical row, and weld or use clips at the top of the adjacent columns in the parallel row. Fix the first vertical tube, and fix the second vertical tube by welding or using clips in the middle of the adjacent horizontal tube, respectively at the intersection of the column and the first vertical tube and at the two intersections of the horizontal tube and the adjacent second vertical tube. The bow tube is fixed by welding, the U frame with holes is welded and fixed on the middle and lower parts of the column and the horizontal tubes on both sides of the column, and finally the U frame is drawn layer by layer through the small holes of the column and the U frame to obtain the U-shaped frame. ;

(2) Planting soft jujube kiwifruit

The row spacing of 2m×3m is adopted, 3 plants are planted between two adjacent columns, and 112 plants are planted per mu;

(3) Select the backbone

After planting, select 3 full buds on the upper part of the grafting mouth, and cut them 2cm above the cutting mouth buds. After germination, when the young shoots grow to 15cm, keep a new shoot with strong growth and tie it to the column in time to make it It grows rapidly upwards and is cultivated as the main trunk in the future;

(4) Cultivate the main vine

When the new shoots grow to 20cm higher than the first wire drawing, top the 10cm full buds 2cm above the first wire drawing. After the topping, the 3 buds under the cut will germinate, and one of the branches with strong upward growth is selected as the second layer. The trunk of the shelf surface, and the rest of the shoots are tied horizontally in the opposite direction, and cultivated as the main vine of the first layer;

After the main trunk is topped, the tree is moderate-robust and germinates 2 branches and vines; the germinated 2 branches and vines are cross-bound on the horizontal wire drawing and cultivated as the main vines of the first layer. A robust branch and vine are cultivated as main trunk extension branches;

(5) Cultivation results of mother vines

When the horizontally bound main vine grows to 28cm, pick the top at 16.5cm, and choose the topping position at 2cm from the front of the full bud to promote the rapid germination of side branches on the main vine. After topping, select 3 strong branches, one as the forward leading horizontal The growing main spreading long branch, and the other two lateral branches are tied horizontally in the direction perpendicular to the main vine, and cultivated as the fruit vine in the coming year. When the fruit vine grows to 50cm, it is tied horizontally on both sides of the U-shaped frame. On the wire drawing, and topping at 40cm, the secondary shoots that re-germinate in the future are repeatedly topped, and the secondary shoots from the mother vines can be fruited later;

(6) Re-cultivation results mother vine

When the main vine that continues to grow horizontally grows to 42 cm again, top the heart at a distance of 50 cm from the main trunk, and then cultivate a group of fruit vines and extension vines. Pinch the heart, and select 2 strong branches and vines and bind them in parallel to the wire drawing perpendicular to the main vine; finally, a group of fruiting mother vines are cultivated at intervals of 33.3 cm on the horizontal main vine, and 6 groups and 12 fruiting mother vines are cultivated on each plant and layer. , as a result, the female vines are evenly distributed on the main vine;

(7) The operation method of the rest of the layers is the same as that of steps (3)-(6). The main vines and the fruiting mother vines that have been cultivated in the future are fixed, and the fruiting branches issued on the fruiting mother vines only need to be pruned in winter. Just cut short.

Example 3

A method for shaping soft jujube kiwifruit, characterized in that it specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Build a U-shaped frame

Set up columns with holes according to the spacing of 7m and the row spacing of 4m, and then fix the horizontal tube by welding or using clips at the middle and upper parts of the adjacent columns in the vertical row, and weld or use clips at the top of the adjacent columns in the parallel row. Fix the first vertical tube, and fix the second vertical tube by welding or using clips in the middle of the adjacent horizontal tube, respectively at the intersection of the column and the first vertical tube and at the two intersections of the horizontal tube and the adjacent second vertical tube. The bow tube is fixed by welding, the U frame with holes is welded and fixed on the middle and lower parts of the column and the horizontal tubes on both sides of the column, and finally the U frame is drawn layer by layer through the small holes of the column and the U frame to obtain the U-shaped frame. ;

(2) Planting soft jujube kiwifruit

The row spacing of 2m×3m is adopted, 3 plants are planted between two adjacent columns, and 112 plants are planted per mu;

(3) Cultivate the backbone

After planting, select 4 full-bodied buds on the upper part of the grafting mouth, and cut them 2cm above the cutting mouth buds. After germination, when the young shoots grow to 15cm, keep a new shoot with strong growth and tie it to the column in time to make it It grows rapidly upwards and is cultivated as the main trunk in the future;

(4) Cultivate the main vine

When the new shoots grow to 20cm higher than the first wire drawing, top the 10cm full buds 2cm above the first wire drawing. After the topping, the 3 buds under the cut will germinate, and one of the branches with strong upward growth is selected as the second layer. The trunk of the shelf surface, and the rest of the shoots are tied horizontally in the opposite direction, and cultivated as the main vine of the first layer;

After the trunk is topped, the tree vigor is strong, and more than 3 branches and vines germinate; 3 strong branches and vines are selected and left, 2 are overlapped and tied horizontally on the drawing wire, and the other is cultivated as an extension branch of the trunk;

(5) Cultivation results of mother vines

When the horizontally bound main vine grows to 30cm, topping is done at 16.5cm, and the topping position is selected 2cm at the front of the full bud, so that the main vine can quickly germinate side branches. The growing main spreading long branch, and the other two lateral branches are tied horizontally in the direction perpendicular to the main vine, and cultivated as the fruit vine in the coming year. When the fruit vine grows to 50cm, it is tied horizontally on both sides of the U-shaped frame. On the wire drawing, and topping at 40cm, the secondary shoots that re-germinate in the future are repeatedly topped, and the secondary shoots from the mother vines can be fruited later;

(6) Re-cultivation results mother vine

When the main vine that continues to grow horizontally grows to 45cm again, top it at a distance of 50cm from the main trunk, and then cultivate a group of fruit vines and extension vines. Pinch the heart, and select 2 strong branches and vines and bind them in parallel to the wire drawing perpendicular to the main vine; finally, a group of fruiting mother vines are cultivated at intervals of 33.3 cm on the horizontal main vine, and 6 groups and 12 fruiting mother vines are cultivated on each plant and layer. , as a result, the female vines are evenly distributed on the main vine;

(7) The operation method of the rest of the layers is the same as that of steps (3)-(6). The main vines and the fruiting mother vines that have been cultivated in the future are fixed, and the fruiting branches issued on the fruiting mother vines only need to be pruned in winter. Just cut short.

Through field testing, the output load of the method for shaping kiwifruit in the embodiment of the present invention 2 is: 7 layers of fruiting belts per plant, 12 fruiting mother vines in each layer, 84 female vines in 7 layers, and each fruiting mother vines is loaded with 300g (single fruit). Weight 15g, 20 fruits left), fruit per plant per layer=300g×12=3600g (3.6kg), yield per plant=3.6kg×7=25.2kg, yield per mu=111 plants×25.2=2797.2kg. Calculated by the 90% shelf surface result coefficient, the yield per mu = 2797.2×90% = 2517kg, after deducting the yield of male plants (1:5 configuration of pollinated plants), the theoretical yield = 2517×5/6 = 2097kg, reaching the target yield of 2000kg per mu .

In the description of this specification, description with reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., mean specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Embodiments are subject to variations, modifications, substitutions and variations.

Claims (10)

1. a soft jujube kiwifruit shaping method, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Build a U-shaped frame Set up the columns with holes according to the spacing of 5-7m and the row spacing of 2-4m, and then fix the horizontal tube by welding or using clips in the middle and upper parts of the adjacent columns in the vertical row, and weld the top of the adjacent columns in the parallel row. Or use clips to fix the first vertical tube, and fix the second vertical tube by welding or use clips in the middle of the adjacent horizontal tube, respectively at the intersection of the vertical column and the first vertical tube and at the intersection of the horizontal tube and the adjacent second vertical tube. The bow tubes are fixed by welding at the two intersection points, the U frame with holes is fixed by welding on the middle and lower parts of the column and the horizontal tubes on both sides of the column, and finally the holes of the column and the U frame are drawn layer by layer, that is, the result is obtained. the U-shaped frame; (2) Planting soft jujube kiwifruit The row spacing of 2m×3m is adopted, 3 plants are planted between two adjacent columns, and 112 plants are planted per mu; (3) Cultivate the backbone After planting, select 2-4 full buds on the upper part of the grafting mouth, and cut them 2cm above the cutting buds. After germination, when the young shoots grow to 15cm, keep a new shoot with strong growth and lead to the column in time. Make it grow up quickly and cultivate it as the main trunk in the future; (4) Cultivate the main vine When the new shoot grows to 20cm higher than the first wire drawing, top the 10cm full bud 2cm above the first wire drawing. After the topping, 2-3 buds under the cut will be encouraged to germinate, and one of the branches with strong upward growth is selected as the first branch. The trunk of the second-layer shelf, and the rest of the shoots are tied horizontally in the opposite direction, and cultivated as the main vine of the first layer; (5) Cultivation results of mother vines When the horizontally bound main vine grows to 25-30cm, topping at 16.5cm, and the topping position is selected 2cm at the front of the full bud to promote the rapid germination of lateral branches on the main vine. After topping, select 3 strong branches, one for the forward The main spreading long branch that leads the horizontal growth, and the other two lateral branches are bound horizontally in the direction perpendicular to the main vine, and cultivated as the fruit vine in the coming year. When the fruit vine grows to 50cm, it is bound horizontally in the U-shaped frame. On both sides of the wire drawing, and topping at 40cm, the secondary shoots that germinate later are repeatedly topped, and the secondary shoots from the mother vines can be fruited later; (6) Re-cultivation results mother vine When the main vine that continues to grow horizontally grows to 40-45cm again, pluck the heart at a distance of 50cm from the main trunk, and then cultivate a group of fruit vines and Yanchang vines. Pinch the heart at cm, select 2 strong branches and vines and bind them in parallel on the wire drawing perpendicular to the main vine; finally, a group of fruiting mother vines are cultivated every 33.3 cm on the horizontal main vine, and 6 groups and 12 fruit vines are cultivated on each plant and layer. The mother vine, the result is that the mother vine is evenly distributed on the main vine; (7) The operation method of the rest of the layers is the same as that of steps (3)-(6). The main vines and the fruiting mother vines that have been cultivated in the future are fixed, and the fruiting branches issued on the fruiting mother vines only need to be pruned in winter. Just cut short. 2. The kiwifruit shaping method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), described upright column and U frame are provided with some small holes with spacing of 0.4-0.6m, and the The positions are horizontally corresponding, and the steel wire is fixed between the adjacent vertical columns and the U frame in the parallel row through the small holes. 3. a kind of soft jujube kiwifruit shaping method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), described U-shaped frame also comprises cement column base, and the diameter of described cement column base is 30-50cm, Height is 50-70cm; The cement base is inserted into the soil, and the upright is inserted into the cement base; The column adopts a galvanized round pipe with a diameter of 3-5cm or a galvanized square pipe with a diameter of (3-5)cm×(5-7)cm, with a total length of 4-6m, and is inserted into the length of the cement column base. 0.4-0.6m. 4. a kind of soft jujube kiwifruit shaping method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), described transverse tube adopts the square steel of (3-5) cm × (3-5) cm, distance The ground is 3.2-4.2m. 5. A method for shaping kiwifruit according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the first vertical tube and the second vertical tube are both (1-3) cm × ( 3-5) cm of rectangular steel. 6 . A method for shaping kiwifruit according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (1), the bow tube adopts a bow-shaped round tube, a bow-shaped plastic steel bar or a ridge-shaped galvanized steel wire. 7 . 7. a kind of soft jujube kiwi fruit shaping method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), described U frame adopts the galvanized rectangular steel of (1-3) cm × (3-5) cm , the height is 2.5-3.5m, and the width is 0.6-1.0m. 8. a kind of soft jujube kiwifruit shaping method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), after trunk topping, if tree vigor is weaker, only germinates 1 branch; It is tied horizontally to one side on the drawing wire, and the base is bow-shaped. The buds at the bow angle are promoted as soon as possible by the advantage of the top. grow. 9. a kind of soft jujube kiwifruit shaping method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), after trunk topping, if tree vigor is moderate-robust, germinate 2 branches; Tie it on the horizontal drawing wire, and cultivate it as the main vine of the first layer. For the twigs that germinate in the intersection area of the two main vines, select one robust twig and vine as the main trunk extension branch for cultivation. 10. a kind of soft jujube kiwifruit shaping method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), after trunk topping, if tree vigor is stronger, can germinate more than 3 branches and vines; Select and keep 3 robust Branches and vines, 2 overlapping horizontally tied to the wire, and the other being cultivated as an extension of the main trunk.

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