CN112834622A - Enhanced full-focus imaging method and system based on coded excitation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an enhanced full-focus imaging method and system based on coded excitation, wherein the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining an A code sequence and a B code sequence to be transmitted through coding technology modulation; then obtaining echo data generated by a plurality of receiving vibration elements and obtaining full-focusing imaging data A and full-focusing imaging data B; respectively decoding the A and B full-focus imaging data; overlapping the A and B full-focus imaging data and then carrying out side lobe elimination processing; and then, performing focus summation calculation of energy to obtain a full-focus coding excitation image. The method provided by the invention organically combines the coding excitation technology and the full-focusing imaging method, and overcomes the defect that the far field penetration force of the traditional full-focusing method in a sound field is insufficient; the method can save a plurality of decoders by accumulating the full focus energy and then decoding. Meanwhile, the coding technology is combined with the use of the ultra-wideband probe, so that the energy conversion efficiency of coding excitation is improved, and the defect of insufficient far-field penetrating power of a full-focusing method is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, in particular to a method and a system for enhancing full-focus imaging penetration force based on a coding excitation technology.
Background
In the technical field of industrial ultrasonic nondestructive testing, the traditional full-focusing method is based on single-pulse transmission, so that the defects of the traditional full-focusing technology are as follows: the traditional full-focusing excitation mode adopts single wafer excitation each time, and then all wafers are synchronously received; since the excited ultrasonic waves are weak due to the excitation of a single wafer at a time, the weak ultrasonic waves are weak in penetrating power; compared with the large-aperture phased array technology, the imaging depth of full focusing is insufficient; and the bandwidth of the existing standard industrial or medical array ultrasonic transducer is between 60 and 80 percent, and the traditional ultrasonic array transducer cannot achieve the ideal pulse compression effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an enhanced full focus imaging method and system based on coded excitation technology, which organically combines the coded excitation technology and the full focus imaging method to solve the disadvantage of insufficient penetration in the far field of the acoustic field of the conventional full focus method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an enhanced full-focus imaging method based on coded excitation, which comprises the following steps:
applying corresponding coding excitation according to each vibration element frequency band in the ultrasonic probe to obtain a coding sequence to be transmitted;
each vibration element transmits an ultrasonic signal by using the coding sequence;
each receiving vibration element respectively and simultaneously receives echo data and generates full-focus imaging data;
decoding the fully focused echo data;
and processing the decoded data to obtain a full-focus coded excitation image.
Further, the coding sequence comprises an a code sequence and a B code sequence;
the A code sequence is used for obtaining a coding sequence to be transmitted through modulation of a coding technology;
and the B code sequence is used for obtaining a coding sequence to be transmitted through modulation of a coding technology.
Further, the echo data comprises full-focus imaging data generated by a plurality of excitation vibrator emission, and each full-focus imaging data comprises A full-focus imaging data and B full-focus imaging data;
the A full-focusing imaging data is echo data generated by an A receiving oscillator after an A code sequence is transmitted;
the B full-focus imaging data is echo data generated by a receiving oscillator B after the B code sequence is transmitted;
further, the decoding the echo data includes decoding each of the a full focus imaging data and the B full focus imaging data, respectively.
Further, the full focus coded excitation image is obtained according to the following steps:
superposing the A full-focus imaging data and the B full-focus imaging data and then carrying out side lobe elimination processing; and then, performing focus summation calculation of energy to obtain a full-focus coding excitation image.
Furthermore, the full-focusing coded excitation image comprises a plurality of full-focusing coded excitation images obtained after the excitation vibration elements emit the coding sequences,
and calculating the integral vector sum of the all-focusing coded excitation image of each excitation element to obtain an all-focusing coded excitation image of the integral frame.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic probe is an ultra-wide band probe, and the ultra-wide band probe adopts a broadband transducer matched with coded excitation.
The invention provides an enhanced full-focus imaging system based on coded excitation, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the following steps:
obtaining a coding sequence to be transmitted by the modulation of a coding technology; the coding sequence comprises an A code sequence and a B code sequence; the A code sequence is used for obtaining a coding sequence to be transmitted through modulation of a coding technology; the B code sequence is used for obtaining a coding sequence to be transmitted through modulation of a coding technology;
acquiring echo data simultaneously received by a plurality of receiving vibration elements respectively and generating fully focused data; the full-focus imaging data comprises full-focus imaging data generated by a plurality of receiving vibration elements after a plurality of transmitting vibration elements transmit, and each full-focus imaging data comprises A full-focus imaging data and B full-focus imaging data;
respectively decoding the A full-focus imaging data and the B full-focus imaging data;
superposing the A full-focus imaging data and the B full-focus imaging data and then carrying out side lobe elimination processing; and then, performing focus summation calculation of energy to obtain a full-focus coding excitation image.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic probe is an ultra-wide band probe, and the ultra-wide band probe adopts a broadband transducer matched with coded excitation.
Further, the coding sequence is obtained by complementary gray coding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an enhanced full-focusing imaging method based on a coding excitation technology, which organically combines a coding excitation technology and a full-focusing imaging method, and finally solves the defect that the far field penetration force of the traditional full-focusing method in a sound field is insufficient; and the problem of weak ultrasonic wave penetration capacity caused by single wafer excitation is solved, and a plurality of decoders can be saved by accumulating the full-focus energy and then decoding.
Meanwhile, the coding technology is combined with the use of the ultra-wideband probe, so that the energy conversion efficiency of coding excitation is improved, and the defect of insufficient far-field penetrating power of a full-focusing method is overcome.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the coded excitation principle.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a full focus imaging method.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an enhanced full focus imaging method.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband transducer.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can practice the present invention, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment first details the basic principle of the coded excitation technique, which is as follows:
based on a mathematical code compression principle, exciting a designed code through an ultrasonic probe wafer to form ultrasonic waves; then, the received reflected wave is subjected to self convolution decoding, so that the effect of coding pulse compression is realized; the purpose of greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio and the penetrating power is achieved. The complementary code excitation image data of one physical scanning line is obtained through two transmitting and receiving periods, so that the method for improving the penetrating power and the signal-to-noise ratio of the ultrasonic imaging system is realized.
The embodiment adopts complementary Gray coding, and has the advantages that the side lobe energy after pulse compression is 0; the examples are as follows:
the a-segment code is transmitted in the first transmission period, and the b-segment code is transmitted in the second transmission period. And respectively decoding the obtained echo data of the two transmission periods by using a (-n), b (-n):
A*a(-n)＝[1,-1,1,1]*[1,1,-1,1]＝[1,0,-1,4,-1,0,1]；
B*b(-n)＝[1,-1,-1,-1]*[-1,-1,-1,1]＝[-1,0,1,4,1,0,-1]；
wherein, A represents a gray code a code convolution base sequence and then forms a transmitting sequence; b represents a gray code B code convolution base sequence and then forms a transmitting sequence;
resulting in two decoded data streams. And performing summation operation on the decoded signals through a vector summation module:
Decode＝A*a(-n)+B*b(-n)＝[0,0,0,8,0,0,0]；
and obtaining a data stream of the physical scanning line image of the focus sound beam. The effect of the complementary Golay code compression is achieved, and the signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 2 × N is obtained, wherein N is the length of the code.
The embodiment can also adopt a double-code excitation summation method to obtain a code source.
The principle of full focus imaging is described below:
the full-focus imaging is realized by carrying out virtual focusing and imaging post-processing on an echo data matrix captured by a full matrix. The whole matrix capturing process:
the probe is provided with N array elements which are arranged in sequence as follows: array element 0, array element 1, array element N-1.
Exciting array element 0, N array elements receiving echo signal and storing as S11、S12、......、S1N；
And so on until N array elements are excited, receiving N multiplied by N A scanning data, and performing a virtual focusing process:
as shown in fig. 2, the lower small circle (in the figure, a small square) region is an imaging region, each small circle represents a pixel point, an imaging point i represents any pixel point in the imaging region, and (i, j) represents the coordinate of the point, where i is 0,1, 2. j-0, 1, 2., n-1, which indicates coordinates in the x-axis direction.
P is 0 pixel point distance, ds is detection initial depth; d is the array element interval, N is the array element number, the array element k and the array element p respectively represent a transmitting array element and a receiving array element, wherein the value ranges of k and p are [0, N-1], and the obtained transmitting sound path and the receiving sound path are;
wherein h represents a receiving element number;
the total acoustic path from the transmission of the ultrasonic wave from the array element k to the receiving array element p via the imaging point img (i, j) is:
R(i,j,k,h)＝R(i,j,k)+R(i,j,h)；
wherein R (i, j, k) represents the sound path from the emission vibrator k to the focal point (i, j) of the imaging area; r (i, j, h) represents the sound path from the receiving element h to the focal point (i, j) of the imaging area; img (i, j) represents the focal coordinates within the imaging region;
the index position of the A scanning data corresponding to the total sound path is as follows:
v refers to the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in a measured object, and f refers to the clock frequency of array element sampling;
the pixel value of any imaging point is obtained by superposing the full-focus image data of the point:
wherein S (k, h, A (i, j, k, h)) represents energy reflected by a single full-focus emission of a corresponding focal point within the imaging zone;
and finally, processing and displaying imaging through an upper computer.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, the enhanced full focus imaging method based on the coded excitation technique provided by this embodiment includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the system firstly modulates codes, and a code source formed after the selected complementary Gray codes are modulated is a coding sequence to be transmitted (hereinafter referred to as a coding sequence), wherein the coding sequence consists of an A code sequence and a B code sequence; whereas an a-code sequence or a B-code sequence is typically a burst of multiple pulses; the present embodiment employs two sets of sequences to eliminate artifacts of side lobe energy because the a and B codes are mathematically complementary.
The second step is that: the system transmit and receive periods are as follows: firstly, exciting and transmitting an A code sequence, then receiving full-matrix echo signals by each receiving oscillator of a receiver to obtain A code full-focus imaging, and then decoding the A code full-focus data through an A code decoding module; then storing the decoded data of the code A and waiting for the decoded data of the code B; in this embodiment, the a code sequence and the B code sequence are generally performed asynchronously, so as to avoid the phenomenon that the acoustic wave echoes excited by the a and B sequences are mixed together and cannot be separated;
the third step: exciting and transmitting the B code sequence, receiving full matrix echo signals by each receiving oscillator of the receiver to obtain B code full-focusing imaging, and decoding the B code echo signals by a B code decoding module; secondly, the data after B code decoding and the previously stored A code data are simultaneously sent into an 'A + B sidelobe eliminating module';
the fourth step: performing focus summation calculation of energy, namely vector summation calculation of full focus, on decoding final data in the 'A + B sidelobe elimination module'; thereby obtaining a full-focus coding excitation image excited by the first vibration element; in this embodiment, side lobes appear after a and B decoding, but after a + B summing, the side lobes can be eliminated because the AB side lobes are complementary.
The fifth step: the system is switched to a second excitation vibration element, and the actions from the first step to the fourth step are repeated, so that a full-focus coding excitation image excited by the second vibration element is obtained;
and a sixth step: and repeating the steps to obtain the full-focusing coded excitation images of all the vibration elements, and performing integral vector summation on the images obtained by independently exciting each vibration element to finally realize complete one-frame full-focusing coded excitation imaging.
The method provided by the embodiment organically combines a coding excitation technology and a full-focusing imaging method, and designs corresponding transmitting and receiving methods and a logical sequence relation; and finally, the penetrating power of the traditional full focusing method in the far field of the sound field is improved. The full-focus ultrasonic detection imaging method provided by the embodiment can process a two-dimensional image or a three-dimensional image, and can also be stored on a medium.
In the embodiment, because the coding excitation technology and corresponding logic frameworks such as transmitting, receiving and decoding are adopted, the penetrating power of the full focusing method in the far field of the sound field is improved.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment provides an ultrasonic broadband transducer, which includes a piezoelectric element, a matching layer, a backing, an upper electrode, and a lower electrode;
the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric element are respectively provided with an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the matching layer is connected with the lower electrode of the piezoelectric element, and the backing is connected with the upper electrode of the piezoelectric element;
the upper electrode and the lower electrode are respectively arranged on the electrode lead.
The transducer center frequency is the median of the signal bandwidth of the excitation required for the coded excitation technique.
The piezoelectric element in the transducer is a piezoelectric composite material or a piezoelectric single crystal composite material, preferably a piezoelectric single crystal composite material.
The transducer matching layer is provided in at least two layers, preferably three layers.
The volume fraction of the piezoelectric phase of the piezoelectric composite material of the transducer is 30-50%.
The transducer matching layer is made of epoxy resin and metal oxide in a mixed mode, and the characteristic impedance of the matching layer is 4-10 Mrayl.
The transducer backing is made of epoxy resin and metal oxide in a mixed mode, and the characteristic impedance of the backing is 5-10 Mraly.
And the lower electrode of the piezoelectric element in the transducer is communicated with one end of the electrode lead, the other end of the electrode lead is communicated with the equipment host in a signal mode, and the connection mode is welding.
And the upper electrode of the piezoelectric element of the transducer is communicated with one end of the other electrode lead, the other end of the electrode lead is communicated with a signal wire of an equipment host, and the connection mode is welding.
The electrode lead is a copper-based lead.
The electrode is one or more of copper, gold, nickel, cadmium and silver.
The bandwidth of the ultrasonic transducer provided by the embodiment determines the spectral characteristics of the coded transmission signal, and if the coded signal is matched with the bandwidth of the transducer, an ideal transmission sound wave pulse can be excited; conversely, a mismatch in the encoded signal and the transducer bandwidth will not result in a valid encoded excitation signal.
The bandwidth of the existing standard industrial or medical array ultrasonic transducer is between 60 and 80 percent, the traditional ultrasonic array transducer cannot achieve the ideal pulse compression effect, and the bandwidth of the broadband transducer adopting the bandwidth matched with the coded signal provided by the embodiment reaches more than 100 percent. The energy conversion efficiency of coding excitation is improved, and the defect of insufficient far-field penetrating power of a full focusing method is overcome.
The coding excitation technology provided by the embodiment is not widely applied to industrial nondestructive testing; the coded excitation technology and the full focusing technology are combined to solve the practical problems in the full focusing technology, and reports are not found yet. Although the embodiment exemplifies complementary gray codes as an embodiment, other forms of dual code transmission and decoding summation should be included.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The enhanced full-focus imaging method based on coded excitation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
applying corresponding coding excitation according to each vibration element frequency band in the ultrasonic probe to obtain a coding sequence to be transmitted;
each vibration element transmits an ultrasonic signal by using the coding sequence;
each receiving vibration element simultaneously and respectively receives echo data and generates full-focus imaging data;
decoding the fully focused echo data;
and processing the decoded data to obtain a full-focus coded excitation image.
2. The method of enhanced full focus imaging based on coded excitation according to claim 1, wherein: the coding sequence comprises an A code sequence and a B code sequence;
the A code sequence is used for obtaining a coding sequence to be transmitted through modulation of a coding technology;
and the B code sequence is used for obtaining a coding sequence to be transmitted through modulation of a coding technology.
3. The method of enhanced full focus imaging based on coded excitation according to claim 2, wherein: the echo data comprise full-focus imaging data generated by a plurality of excitation vibration element emission, and each full-focus imaging data comprises A full-focus imaging data and B full-focus imaging data;
the A full-focusing imaging data is echo data generated by an A receiving oscillator after an A code sequence is transmitted;
the B full-focus imaging data is echo data generated by a B receiving oscillator after the B code sequence is transmitted.
4. A method of enhanced full focus imaging based on coded excitation according to claim 3, wherein: the decoding the echo data includes decoding each of the a and B full focus imaging data, respectively.
5. The method of enhanced full focus imaging based on coded excitation according to claim 4, wherein: the full-focus coded excitation image is obtained according to the following steps:
superposing the A full-focus imaging data and the B full-focus imaging data and then carrying out side lobe elimination processing; and then, performing focus summation calculation of energy to obtain a full-focus coding excitation image.
6. The method of enhanced full focus imaging based on coded excitation according to claim 5, wherein: the full-focusing coded excitation image comprises a plurality of full-focusing coded excitation images obtained after the excitation vibration elements emit the coding sequences,
and calculating the integral vector sum of the all-focusing coded excitation image of each excitation element to obtain an all-focusing coded excitation image of the integral frame.
7. The method of enhanced full focus imaging based on coded excitation according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic probe is an ultra-wide band probe, and the ultra-wide band probe adopts a broadband transducer matched with coded excitation.
8. Enhanced full focus imaging system based on coded excitation, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor when executing the program realizes the steps of:
obtaining a coding sequence to be transmitted by the modulation of a coding technology; the coding sequence comprises an A code sequence and a B code sequence; the A code sequence is used for obtaining a coding sequence to be transmitted through modulation of a coding technology; the B code sequence is used for obtaining a coding sequence to be transmitted through modulation of a coding technology;
acquiring echo data simultaneously received by a plurality of receiving vibration elements respectively and generating full-focus imaging data; the full-focusing echo data comprises full-focusing imaging data generated by a plurality of receiving vibration elements after a plurality of transmitting vibration elements transmit, and each full-focusing imaging data comprises A full-focusing imaging data and B full-focusing imaging data;
respectively decoding the A full-focus imaging data and the B full-focus imaging data;
superposing the A full-focus imaging data and the B full-focus imaging data and then carrying out side lobe elimination processing; and then, performing focus summation calculation of energy to obtain a full-focus coding excitation image.
9. The enhanced full focus imaging system based on coded excitation according to claim 8, wherein: the ultrasonic probe is an ultra-wide band probe, and the ultra-wide band probe adopts a broadband transducer matched with coded excitation.
10. The enhanced full focus imaging system based on coded excitation according to claim 8, wherein: the coding sequence is obtained by complementary gray coding.
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Application publication date: 20210525 |