CN112059941B - Processing technology of cylindrical diamond grinding wheel - Google Patents
Processing technology of cylindrical diamond grinding wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112059941B CN112059941B CN202010989997.3A CN202010989997A CN112059941B CN 112059941 B CN112059941 B CN 112059941B CN 202010989997 A CN202010989997 A CN 202010989997A CN 112059941 B CN112059941 B CN 112059941B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D7/18—Wheels of special form
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cylindrical diamond grinding wheel and a processing technology thereof, which are characterized in that: the cylindrical grinding wheel comprises a bonding agent layer, a transition layer and a graphite layer, and further comprises the following processing steps: preparing production, burdening, weighing, mixing, die filling, hot-pressing sintering and machining; the problem of current sintering type barrel grinding wheel shrink deformation easily mostly, and be difficult to restitution is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of optical lens processing molds, in particular to a processing technology of a diamond cylindrical grinding wheel.
Background
A circular bonded grinding tool with a through hole in the center is called a diamond grinding wheel (alloy grinding wheel) and is prepared by taking diamond grinding materials as raw materials and respectively taking metal powder, resin powder and ceramics as bonding agents. In the process of processing optical lenses, a plurality of grinding wheels are generally used, including grinding wheel for edging, polishing wheel, spherical surface grinding wheel, fine grinding blade, cylindrical grinding wheel and the like, which are used for processing lenses, and different grinding wheels are used for different process steps, and the requirements are different. The cylindrical grinding wheel has the characteristics of high grinding speed, high stability, excellent performance and the like, and is widely used, but most of the conventional sintered cylindrical grinding wheels are easy to shrink and deform and difficult to reshape.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing technology of a cylindrical diamond grinding wheel, which solves the problems that most of the conventional sintered cylindrical grinding wheels are easy to shrink and deform and difficult to reshape.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a formulation and its preparation method of a diamond cylindrical emery wheel, the cylindrical emery wheel includes the binder layer, transition layer, graphite layer, also include the following processing steps: preparing production, burdening, weighing, mixing, die filling, hot-pressing sintering and machining;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
a. cleaning the working table top and producing related articles, wherein the working table top and all the articles related to production need to be carefully cleaned before each production, so that the mutual pollution caused by different particle sizes is avoided, and the product quality is prevented from being influenced;
b. preparing a mould, selecting a matched mould according to the specification of an order product, and checking whether the mould is damaged or not and whether the size is correct or not;
c. a core die and a lower pressing die are arranged in a die cavity, the lower pressing die is matched with the die cavity to see whether the lower pressing die is tight or not so as to prevent material leakage, and the core die is concentric with the die cavity;
in the step of batching, the dosage of various raw materials is calculated according to the formula according to the requirement of the order variety; the formula of the cylindrical grinding wheel at least comprises diamond single crystals and one or more of the following raw materials: copper powder, iron powder, nickel powder, tin powder, lead powder, cobalt powder, resin powder, liquid paraffin, graphite powder and zinc stearate; during burdening, the raw material is divided into four parts, namely a diamond single crystal, a bonding agent, a transition layer and a graphite layer;
the binding agent comprises one or more of the following raw materials: copper powder, iron powder, tin powder, nickel powder, lead powder, cobalt powder and zinc stearate;
the transition layer comprises one or more of the following raw materials: copper powder, iron powder, tin powder, nickel powder and zinc stearate;
in the weighing step, the weights of the diamond single crystal, the bonding agent layer, the transition layer and the graphite layer required by each cylindrical grinding wheel are calculated according to the specification of the cylindrical grinding wheel to be produced;
in the material mixing step, a bonding agent is mixed, the bonding agent is mixed with the diamond monocrystal, resin powder is added, the mixture is mixed again, and then liquid paraffin is added and mixed uniformly for later use;
in the step of die filling, the mixed bonding agent, the transition layer and the graphite layer are sequentially added into a die to be compressed and taken out for later use;
in the step of hot-pressing sintering, the compacted model is sent to hot-pressing sintering equipment for calcination; in the machining step, the sintered cylindrical grinding wheel is assembled on a grinding wheel matrix according to the requirements of a drawing, then the grinding wheel is fixed on the grinding wheel matrix through welding, and the appearance is finished through an external grinding machine and electric sparks, so that the appearance size and the runout of the grinding wheel are ensured, and the requirements of the drawing are met.
Further, in the step of batching, the specification and model of the grinding wheel are determined firstly, and then the concentration of the diamond, the corresponding binding agent and the concentration thereof and the graphite powder are determined according to the specification and model as follows:
during production, the concentration of the diamond concentration in the specification is determined according to the specification and the model of the grinding wheel, and then selection is carried out.
Further, in the weighing step, the content of each ingredient in the binding agent layer is as follows:
the content of the liquid paraffin accounts for 3% -8% of the total amount of the diamond single crystal and the bonding agent, and the content of the resin powder accounts for 2% -8% of the total amount of the diamond single crystal and the bonding agent.
Further, in the transition layer, the specific mixture ratio is as follows:
| copper powder | Iron powder | Tin powder | Nickel powder | Zinc stearate |
| 50％-100％ | 0％-20％ | 0％-15％ | 0％-10％ | 0％-5％ |
Further, in the material mixing step, the required raw materials are classified and weighed by a 100 g tray balance, the binding agent layer and the transition layer are respectively put into a 200 ml mortar for grinding, the diamond single crystal and the mixture layer are put into a material mixing bottle and mixed for 3 hours on a ball mill, and liquid paraffin is dripped into the material mixing bottle and mixed for 1 hour for standby. When the resin type grinding wheel is produced, the diamond single crystal is added, simultaneously, the resin powder is added and mixed in the mechanical energy for mixing, the transition layer is mixed on a ball mill for 3 hours, and the liquid paraffin is dropped and mixed for 1 hour for standby.
Furthermore, in the mixing step, the mixing bottles indicate the granularity, formula and number of the charged materials, the weight of the binder of each mixing bottle is not more than 400 g, the mixing sequence is changed from fine granularity to coarse granularity, the mixing bottles with different granularities cannot be used in a mixing way, and the residual materials in the bottles need to be emptied out and then filled into newly prepared materials when the formulas are different and the sizes are the same.
Further, in the step of die filling, the weighed binding agent is filled into each die cavity, the charging amount in each die cavity is ensured to be consistent, after the materials are filled, a plastic rod is used for uniformly beating the die cavity, the binding agent in the die cavity is vibrated to be flat and compacted, an upper pressing die is used for flattening and compacting the binding agent in the die cavity, b, after the binding agent is filled, the transition layer powder is filled into the die cavity, the plastic rod is used for uniformly beating the die cavity, the transition layer material is vibrated to be flat, the transition layer material is flattened by the upper pressing die, c, graphite powder is uniformly filled into the die cavity for demoulding, the transition layer material is slightly vibrated to be flat, the upper pressing die is used for flattening and is filled into the die cavity, d, the die cavity is placed at the center of a hydraulic jack, and the upper pressing die is flattened and compacted.
Further, in the hot-pressing sintering step,
a. before sintering, starting a cooling circulating water system, and carefully checking whether cooling water circulation is normal;
b. after the cooling water circulation is confirmed to be normal, starting a power switch of the hot-pressing sintering machine, and after all systems of the hot-pressing sintering machine operate normally, displaying a normal working picture on a display screen to perform sintering operation;
c. placing a die cavity to be sintered at the center of a small die block of the sintering machine, placing an upper die block on the die cavity, and ensuring that the upper die block and the die cavity are concentric with an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of the sintering machine;
d. adjusting the position of an infrared temperature measuring point to ensure that the temperature measuring point is on the central line of the mold cavity and the temperature of the cylindrical grinding wheel to be sintered can be measured all the time;
e. starting a switch of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering machine, adjusting the power adjusting knob to a required position after the vacuum cover is closed, and automatically sintering the sintering machine according to the selected sintering process;
f. after sintering, the lower vacuum cover automatically returns to take out the upper module and the die cavity for natural cooling;
g. taking out the cooled cylindrical grinding wheel from the mold cavity, removing the core mold by using a mold remover, and h, inspecting the demolded cylindrical grinding wheel, putting the cylindrical grinding wheel into a self-sealing bag after the size and the appearance are qualified, and sticking a label to clearly write the name of a customer, the specification, the granularity, the quantity and the production date of the cylindrical grinding wheel.
Further, in the step of hot-pressing sintering, hot-pressing sintering is the most important step except for the treatment formula, and special attention needs to be paid to the sintering time, temperature and pressure, specifically, hot-pressing sintering is divided into six to eight sections, and the sintering time is as follows: 1000S-1700S, the sintering temperature is as follows: the temperature is 399-800 ℃, and the sintering pressure is as follows: 9 KN-45 KN. The scheme specifically provides the following schemes:
| scheme A | A segment of | Two segment | Three sections | Four sections | Five sections | Six sections | Seven segments | Eight segments |
| Time S | 30s | 1:10 | 1:10 | 2:10 | 1:30 | 6:00 | 5:00 | 3:20 |
| Temperature of | 399-409 | 409-455 | 455-520 | 520-600 | 600-650 | 650-800 | 800-800 | 800-400 |
| Pressure KN | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9-15 | 15-20 | 20-45 | 45 | 45-9 |
| Scheme B | A segment of | Two segment | Three sections | Four sections | Five sections | Six sections | Seven segments | Eight sections |
| Time S | 30 | 1:10 | 1:20 | 2:10 | 2:00 | 7:00 | 5:00 | 3:50 |
| Temperature of | 399-409 | 409-455 | 455-520 | 520-600 | 600-650 | 650-750 | 750-750 | 750-400 |
| Pressure KN | 9 | 9 | 9-15 | 15-20 | 20-25 | 25-40 | 40 | 40-9 |
| Scheme C | A segment of | Two segment | Three sections | Four sections | Five sections | Six sections | Seven segments |
| Time S | 30 | 1:10 | 2:30 | 3:30 | 3:00 | 6:00 | 2:30 |
| Temperature of | 399-409 | 409-455 | 455-545 | 545-650 | 650-700 | 700-700 | 700-400 |
| Pressure KN | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10-20 | 20-35 | 35 | 35-10 |
Further, the copper powder is electrolytic copper powder, the iron powder is reduced iron powder, the nickel powder is reduced nickel powder or electrolytic nickel powder, and the diamond monocrystal is an artificial diamond monocrystal.
Furthermore, the specification of the copper powder, the iron powder, the nickel powder, the tin powder, the lead powder and the cobalt powder is 300 meshes, the specification of the resin powder is 618P, the specification of the single artificial diamond is MBD4, the specification of the liquid paraffin is chemical purity, the specification of the graphite is industrial purity, and the specification of the zinc stearate is chemical purity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
this scheme can the current sintering type cylindrical grinding wheel of effectual solution shrink deformation easily mostly, is difficult to the problem of restitution moreover, through the emery wheel that this application ratio sintered, wear resistance is good, stability is high, the superior performance.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The application provides a cylindrical diamond grinding wheel which comprises a structure, a formula and a processing technology. Specifically, the cylindrical diamond grinding wheel provided by the application mainly comprises a binding agent layer, a transition layer and a graphite layer, wherein the binding agent layer is mainly of a layer structure combined with diamond for use, the transition layer is a layer to which the grinding wheel is combined with other equipment after being formed, and the graphite layer plays a role in demoulding in the processing process. The layers are combined in a certain sequence and then sintered to obtain the finished diamond cylindrical grinding wheel.
In a specific formulation provided in the application, the raw material of the whole diamond cylindrical grinding wheel comprises diamond single crystals and the following raw materials: the composite material is formed by combining copper powder, iron powder, nickel powder, tin powder, lead powder, cobalt powder, resin powder, liquid paraffin, graphite powder and zinc stearate, and the materials are specifically divided into a bonding agent and a transition layer according to a layer structure, wherein the bonding agent comprises the following raw materials: copper powder, iron powder, tin powder, nickel powder, lead powder, cobalt powder and zinc stearate; the transition layer comprises the following raw materials: copper powder, iron powder, tin powder, nickel powder and zinc stearate.
During the production process, the following production process steps are carried out:
preparing production, burdening, weighing, mixing, die filling, hot-pressing sintering and machining;
wherein, the production preparation step comprises:
a. cleaning the working table top and producing related articles, wherein the working table top and all the articles related to production need to be carefully cleaned before each production, so that the mutual pollution caused by different particle sizes is avoided, and the product quality is prevented from being influenced;
b. preparing a mould, selecting a matched mould according to the specification of an order product, and checking whether the mould is damaged or not and whether the size is correct or not;
c. and (3) filling a core mold and a lower pressing mold into the mold cavity, wherein the lower pressing mold is matched with the mold cavity to see whether the lower pressing mold is tight or not so as to prevent material leakage, and the core mold and the mold cavity are concentric.
In the step of batching, the dosage of various raw materials is calculated according to the formula according to the requirement of the order variety; then, the proportion is carried out according to specific specification models, specifically, the bonding agent is specifically used in combination with diamond, and can be divided into different bonding agents according to the size of the grinding wheel, and the embodiment specifically provides the following four bonding agents:
when the resin type grinding wheel is produced, a certain amount of resin powder is added into the mixture ratio to form the resin grinding wheel. The metal wheel utilizes the characteristics of each metal, for example, cobalt is typical, the physical and chemical properties of cobalt determine that cobalt is an important raw material for producing heat-resistant alloy, hard alloy, anticorrosive alloy, magnetic alloy and various cobalt salts, cobalt is used as a binder in powder metallurgy to ensure that the hard alloy has certain toughness, the physical and chemical properties of cobalt powder are utilized in the binder to finally improve the wear resistance, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of the grinding wheel, and the toughness of the alloy is ensured without being too brittle. Similarly, the nickel has good corrosion resistance, the nickel is used as a catalyst and also used for improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy, the lead has excellent acid and alkali corrosion resistance, the tin has lower melting point and strong plasticity and is used for regulation, and the zinc stearate is used as a heat stabilizer and a lubricant. Finally, the diamond is combined according to different proportions, so that the finally formed grinding wheel has excellent performance.
In the application, the specification and model of the grinding wheel are determined firstly, and then the concentration of diamond, the corresponding binding agent and the concentration thereof and the graphite powder are determined according to the specification and model as follows:
| grinding wheel diameter (mm) | Diamond concentration% | Binding agents | Binder concentration% + transition layer concentration% | Concentration of graphite layer% |
| Φ5—Φ14 | 15 | Scheme four | 86 | 1 |
| Φ15—Φ20 | 10 | Scheme four | 89 | 1 |
| Φ21—Φ25 | 10 | Scheme three | 89 | 1 |
| Φ26—Φ30 | 8 | Scheme three | 91 | 1 |
| Φ31—Φ40 | 6 | Scheme two | 93 | 1 |
| Φ41—Φ50 | 7 | Scheme two | 92 | 1 |
| Over phi 55 | 6 | Scheme one | 93 | 1 |
One solution for the% binder concentration +% transition layer concentration is: the concentration of the binding agent is 100 percent, the concentration of the transition layer is 0 percent, and the other scheme is as follows: 30% of binding agent and 70% of transition layer, and the other scheme is as follows: the concentration of the binding agent is 50%, and the concentration of the transition layer is 50%.
During production, the diamond concentration in the specification is determined according to the specification model of the grinding wheel, and then the weight of the used binding agent and diamond is calculated according to the number of cylindrical grinding wheels to be produced, such as: production of
20 grinding wheels with the grain size of 270/325h, 8+3.5(h is the total height of the grinding wheel ring, 8 is the grinding layer height, and 3.5 is the transition layer), such as:
the grinding wheel comprises 2.7 g/grinding wheel, 54 g of 20 total weight, namely 54 g of material, wherein the sum of the content of the binding agent and the transition layer is 100% -16% -1% to 83% when the content of the diamond powder is 16%, and the concentration of the binding agent and the transition layer is 80%, wherein the concentration of the binding agent can be determined according to the height of the grinding layer, for example, 8 is the height of the grinding layer, 3.5 is the transition layer, the ratio of the height of the grinding layer to the height of the transition layer is 8:3.5, the concentration of the binding agent is 69.57%, and the concentration of the transition layer is 100% -69.57% to 30.43%. In the scheme, an extreme scheme is that the transition layer and the bonding agent both use the bonding agent, so that the transition layer is not needed and the whole is a whole. By calculation, total amount of binder: 54 × 83% × 69.57% ═ 31.18 g, total transition layer: 54 × 83% × 30.43 ═ 13.64 g, and the total diamond powder: 54 × 16% ═ 8.64 g. In this embodiment, the transition layer is a layer structure in contact with other structures, and the specific ratio is as follows:
| scheme(s) | Copper powder | Iron powder | Tin powder | Nickel powder | Zinc stearate |
| A | 100％ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B | 70％ | 20％ | 0 | 10％ | 0 |
| C | 50％ | 20 | 15％ | 10％ | 5％ |
In the formulation, an extreme practice is to replace all the raw materials in the transition layer with copper powder, specifically to produce according to the requirements of customers.
After all the proportions and the raw materials are determined, the required raw materials are weighed by a 100 g tray balance in a classified mode, a bonding agent layer and a transition layer are respectively placed into a 200 ml mortar and are uniformly ground, a diamond single crystal and the bonding agent layer are placed into a mixing bottle and are mixed for 3 hours on the ball mill, liquid paraffin is added and dropped and is mixed for 1 hour for standby, when a resin grinding wheel is produced, resin powder is added and mixed in a machine while the diamond single crystal is added, liquid paraffin is added and dropped and is mixed for 1 hour for standby, the transition layer is mixed for 3 hours on the ball mill, the resin powder is added and is mixed for 1 hour, and the liquid paraffin is dropped and is mixed for 1 hour for standby.
It should be noted that in the mixing step, the mixing bottles should indicate the charged particle size, formula and number, the weight of the binder in each mixing bottle is not more than 400 g, the mixing sequence is changed from fine particle size to coarse particle size, mixing bottles with different particle sizes cannot be used in a mixing way, and the residual materials in the bottles need to be emptied out and then filled into newly prepared materials when the formulas are different and the particle sizes are the same.
Before mixing materials in the second, third and fourth binding agent schemes, the used iron, nickel and cobalt must be reduced by hydrogen, the reduction temperature is 500 ℃, and the reduction time is not less than 45 minutes.
In the die filling step, a, filling the weighed binding agent into each die cavity, ensuring that the filling amount in each die cavity is consistent, uniformly beating the die cavity by using a plastic rod after filling, vibrating and compacting the binding agent in the die cavity, and flattening and compacting the binding agent in the die cavity by using an upper pressing die;
b. after the binding agent is filled, filling the transition layer powder into a die cavity, uniformly beating the die cavity by using a plastic rod, vibrating and flattening the transition layer material, and flattening the transition layer material by using an upper pressing die;
c. uniformly filling graphite powder into a die cavity, demoulding, slightly vibrating and flattening, flattening by using an upper pressing die, and filling the upper pressing die into the die cavity;
d. and placing the die cavity in the center of a hydraulic jack, and flattening and pressing the upper pressing die by using the jack.
After the grinding wheel is compacted, the grinding wheel can be molded only by sintering, and in the sintering process, hot-pressing sintering is used for completing sintering, and the method can be carried out according to the following steps:
a. before sintering, starting a cooling circulating water system, and carefully checking whether cooling water circulation is normal;
b. after the cooling water circulation is confirmed to be normal, starting a power switch of the hot-pressing sintering machine, and after each system of the hot-pressing sintering machine runs normally, displaying a normal working picture on a display screen, and then carrying out sintering operation;
c. placing a die cavity to be sintered at the center of a small die block of the sintering machine, placing an upper die block on the die cavity, and ensuring that the upper die block and the die cavity are concentric with an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of the sintering machine;
d. adjusting the position of an infrared temperature measuring point to ensure that the temperature measuring point is on the central line of the mold cavity and the temperature of the cylindrical grinding wheel to be sintered can be measured all the time;
e. starting a switch of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering machine, adjusting the power adjusting knob to a required position after the vacuum cover is closed, and automatically sintering the sintering machine according to the selected sintering process;
f. after sintering, the lower vacuum cover automatically takes out the upper die block and the die cavity in a return stroke to enable the upper die block and the die cavity to be naturally cooled, g, the cooled cylindrical grinding wheel is taken out of the die cavity, and the core die is removed by a stripper;
h. and (4) inspecting the demoulded cylindrical grinding wheel, packaging the cylindrical grinding wheel into a self-sealing bag after the size and the appearance are qualified, and sticking a label to clearly write the name of a customer, the specification, the granularity, the quantity and the production date of the cylindrical grinding wheel.
The hot-pressing sintering is the most important step outside a treatment formula, the sintering time, temperature and pressure need special attention, specifically, the hot-pressing sintering is divided into six to eight sections, and the scheme provides the following three schemes:
| scheme A | A segment of | Two segment | Three sections | Four sections | Five sections | Six sections | Seven segments | Eight sections |
| Time S | 30s | 1:10 | 1:10 | 2:10 | 1:30 | 6:00 | 5:00 | 3:20 |
| Temperature of | 399 | 409 | 455 | 520 | 600 | 650 | 800 | 400 |
| Pressure KN | 9 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 40 | 45 | 9 |
| Scheme B | A segment of | Two segment | Three sections | Four sections | Five sections | Six sections | Seven segments | Eight segments |
| Time S | 30 | 1:10 | 1:20 | 2:10 | 2:00 | 7:00 | 5:00 | 3:50 |
| Temperature of | 409 | 455 | 520 | 600 | 650 | 750 | 750 | 400 |
| Pressure KN | 9 | 9 | 94 | 18 | 25 | 35 | 40 | 9 |
| Scheme C | A segment of | Two segment | Three sections | Four sections | Five sections | Six sections | Seven segments |
| Time S | 30 | 1:10 | 2:30 | 3:30 | 3:00 | 6:00 | 2:30 |
| Temperature of | 400 | 420 | 500 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 400 |
| Pressure KN | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 35 | 10 |
After hot-pressing sintering, machining according to the requirement:
the sintered cylindrical grinding wheel is assembled on a grinding wheel matrix according to the requirements of customers, then the grinding wheel is fixed on the grinding wheel matrix through welding, and then the appearance is finished through an external grinding machine and electric sparks, so that the appearance size and the runout of the grinding wheel are ensured, and the requirements of customers are met. And then, modifying the appearance of the grinding wheel (such as sand blasting, nickel plating and the like), marking product specification marks on the matrix, coating anti-rust oil, packaging and warehousing.
It should be noted that:
(1) before matching, checking whether the size of the substrate is correct according to the requirement of a customer;
(2) the difference between the inner hole of the grinding wheel ring and the matching position of the matrix is ensured to be within 0.02 mm, and the jumping of the grinding wheel matrix is ensured to be within 0.05 mm;
(3) electric spark shaping ensures that the jumping of the grinding wheel is within 0.05 mm;
(4) the matrix sand blasting and electroplating are required to be uniform and have no rusty spot, the mark is required to be clear and have no deflection, the mark on the packaging box is required to be clear and neat, the internal mark and the external mark are required to be consistent, and the packaging box has no oil stain.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "another embodiment," "an embodiment," "a preferred embodiment," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described generally in this application. The appearances of the same phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the scope of the invention to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure and claims of this application. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A processing technology of a diamond cylindrical grinding wheel is characterized in that: the cylindrical grinding wheel consists of a diamond single crystal, a binding agent layer, a transition layer and a graphite layer, and the processing steps of the cylindrical grinding wheel consist of production preparation, batching, weighing, mixing, die filling, hot-pressing sintering and machining; the production preparation step comprises: a. Cleaning the working table top and producing related articles, wherein the working table top and all the articles related to production need to be carefully cleaned before each production, so that the mutual pollution caused by different particle sizes is avoided, and the product quality is prevented from being influenced; b. Preparing a mould, selecting a matched mould according to the specification of an order product, and checking whether the mould is damaged or not and whether the size is correct or not; c. A core die and a lower pressing die are arranged in a die cavity, the lower pressing die is matched with the die cavity to see whether the lower pressing die is tight or not so as to prevent material leakage, and the core die is concentric with the die cavity; in the step of batching, the dosage of various raw materials is calculated according to the formula according to the requirement of the order variety; the formula of the cylindrical grinding wheel consists of diamond single crystals and the following raw materials: copper powder, iron powder, nickel powder, tin powder, lead powder, cobalt powder, resin powder, liquid paraffin, graphite powder and zinc stearate; during burdening, the raw material is divided into four parts, namely a diamond single crystal, a bonding agent, a transition layer and a graphite layer; the binding agent consists of the following raw materials: copper powder, iron powder, tin powder, nickel powder, lead powder, cobalt powder and zinc stearate; the transition layer is composed of the following raw materials: copper powder, iron powder, tin powder, nickel powder and zinc stearate; in the weighing step, the weights of diamond single crystals, binding agent layers, transition layers and graphite layers required by each cylindrical grinding wheel are calculated according to the specification of the cylindrical grinding wheel to be produced; in the material mixing step, a bonding agent is mixed, the bonding agent is mixed with the diamond monocrystal, resin powder is added, the mixture is mixed again, and then liquid paraffin is added and mixed uniformly for later use; in the step of die filling; sequentially adding the mixed bonding agent, the transition layer and the graphite layer into a mould to be compressed and taking out for later use; in the step of hot-pressing sintering, the compacted model is sent to hot-pressing sintering equipment for calcination; in the machining step, the sintered cylindrical grinding wheel is assembled on a grinding wheel matrix according to the requirements of a drawing, then the grinding wheel is fixed on the grinding wheel matrix through welding, and the appearance is finished through an external grinding machine and electric sparks, so that the appearance size and the runout of the grinding wheel are ensured, and the requirements of the drawing are met.
2. The machining process of a diamond cylindrical grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of burdening, the content of the diamond single crystal is 4% -20%, the content of the bonding agent and the transition layer is 95% -70%, and the content of the graphite powder layer is 1% -2%.
3. The machining process of a diamond cylindrical grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of weighing, the weight of the sample is measured,
the content of each ingredient in the bonding agent layer is as follows: 30-45% of copper powder, 10-30% of iron powder, 15-25% of tin powder, 10-35% of nickel powder, 5-10% of lead powder, 10-25% of cobalt powder and 2-7% of zinc stearate; the transition layer comprises the following ingredients in percentage by weight: 50-100% of copper powder, 0-20% of iron powder, 0-15% of tin powder, 0-10% of nickel powder and 0-5% of zinc stearate; the content of the liquid paraffin accounts for 3% -8% of the total amount of the diamond single crystal and the bonding agent, and the content of the resin powder accounts for 2% -8% of the total amount of the diamond single crystal and the bonding agent; the content of the graphite powder is 1% -4% of that of the diamond single crystal and the bonding agent.
4. The machining process of a diamond cylindrical grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein: in the material mixing step, the required raw materials are weighed by a 100 g tray balance in a classified manner, the bonding agent layer and the transition layer are respectively put into a 200 ml mortar for even grinding, the diamond single crystal and the bonding agent layer are put into a material mixing bottle and mixed on a ball mill for 3 hours, liquid paraffin is dripped for mixing for 1 hour for standby, the transition layer is mixed on the ball mill for 3 hours, and the liquid paraffin is dripped for mixing for 1 hour for standby.
5. The machining process of a diamond cylindrical grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein: in the mixing step, the charging granularity, formula and number of the mixing bottles are marked, the weight of the binder of each mixing bottle is not more than 400 g, the mixing sequence is changed from fine granularity to coarse granularity, mixing bottles with different granularities cannot be used in a mixing way, and residual materials in the bottles are required to be emptied out and then charged into newly prepared materials when the formulas are different and the sizes are the same.
6. The machining process of a diamond cylindrical grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of die filling, the weighed binding agent is filled into each die cavity, the charging amount in each die cavity is ensured to be consistent, after the materials are filled, a plastic rod is used for uniformly beating the die cavity, the binding agent in the die cavity is vibrated to be flat and compacted, and an upper pressing die is used for flattening and compacting the binding agent in the die cavity; b. after the binding agent is filled, filling the transition layer powder into a die cavity, uniformly beating the die cavity by using a plastic rod, vibrating and flattening the transition layer material, and flattening the transition layer material by using an upper pressing die; c. uniformly filling graphite powder into a die cavity, demoulding, slightly vibrating and flattening, flattening by using an upper pressing die, and filling the upper pressing die into the die cavity; d. and placing the die cavity in the center of a hydraulic jack, and flattening and pressing the upper pressing die by using the jack.
7. The machining process of a diamond cylindrical grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein: in the hot-pressing sintering step, before sintering, a cooling circulating water system is started, and whether cooling water circulation is normal is carefully checked; b. after confirming that the cooling water circulation is normal, starting a power switch of the hot-pressing sintering machine, and displaying on a display screen when each system of the hot-pressing sintering machine operates normally
After the picture is normally worked, the sintering operation can be carried out; c. placing a die cavity to be sintered at the center of a small die block of the sintering machine, placing an upper die block on the die cavity, and ensuring that the upper die block and the die cavity are concentric with an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of the sintering machine; d. adjusting the position of an infrared temperature measuring point to ensure that the temperature measuring point is on the central line of the mold cavity and the temperature of the cylindrical grinding wheel to be sintered can be measured all the time; e. starting a switch of the vacuum hot-pressing sintering machine, adjusting the power adjusting knob to a required position after the vacuum cover is closed, and automatically sintering the sintering machine according to the selected sintering process; f. after sintering, the lower vacuum cover automatically returns to take out the upper die block and the die cavity for natural cooling; g. taking the cooled cylindrical grinding wheel out of the mold cavity, and stripping the core mold by using a stripper; h. and (4) inspecting the demoulded cylindrical grinding wheel, packaging the cylindrical grinding wheel into a self-sealing bag after the size and the appearance are qualified, and sticking a label to clearly write the name of a customer, the specification, the granularity, the quantity and the production date of the cylindrical grinding wheel.
8. The machining process of a diamond barrel grinding wheel according to claim 7, wherein: in the hot-pressing sintering step, the hot-pressing sintering is divided into six to eight sections, and the time is as follows: 1000S-1700S, the temperature is: 399 ℃ to 800 ℃, and the pressure is as follows: 9 KN-45 KN.
9. The machining process of a diamond cylindrical grinding wheel according to claim 8, wherein: the first period of time is: 25S-35S, the temperature is: 399 ℃ to 410 ℃ and the pressure is as follows: 9 KN-10 KN; the second period of time was: 60S-80S, and the temperature is as follows: 405-460 ℃ and the pressure is: 9 KN-10 KN; the time of the third stage is: 75S-160S, the temperature is as follows: 450-550 ℃, pressure is: 9 KN-15 KN; the fourth period of time is: 75S-220S, the temperature is as follows: 520-660 ℃ and the pressure is as follows: 10 KN-20 KN; the time of the fifth period is as follows: 90S-200S, the temperature is as follows: 600-700 ℃, pressure: 15 KN-35 KN; the time of the sixth period is as follows: 350S-430S, the temperature is as follows: 645 ℃ to 800 ℃, pressure: 20KN to 45 KN; the seventh period of time is: 150S-310S, the temperature is as follows: 800-400 ℃, pressure is: 45KN to 10 KN; the eighth period of time is: 190S-230S, the temperature is as follows: 800-400 ℃, pressure is: 45 KN-9 KN.
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| CN103600308B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-03-02 | 常熟市巨力砂轮有限责任公司 | The preparation method of combined binder skive |
| CN104175233A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-12-03 | 桂林创源金刚石有限公司 | Resin and metal compound bonding agent and compound bonding agent diamond grinding wheel |
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| CN110640640B (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2021-06-01 | 广东纳德新材料有限公司 | Metal-resin composite bonding agent diamond edge grinding wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110355699B (en) * | 2019-05-19 | 2021-01-29 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of grinding wheel for ELID grinding of aluminum-based diamond composite material and preparation method thereof |
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