CN111409509B - Fuel cell system and idle speed control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and idle speed control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKUGPJPKMAEJOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N S-propyl dipropylcarbamothioate Chemical compound CCCSC(=O)N(CCC)CCC OKUGPJPKMAEJOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开一种燃料电池系统及其怠速控制方法。它包括燃料电池堆，燃料电池堆的电输出连接升压电路，燃料电池系统控制器FCCU，升压电路的输出包括连接燃料电池系统内的高压负载，整车电能输出，升压电路的输出还连接TPC加热器，TPC加热器的控制信号与燃料电池系统控制器连接，所述TPC加热器用于在车辆怠速时，消耗燃料电池堆产生的多余的电能，实现燃料电池堆驱动电能输出为零。本发明在车辆怠速时，燃料电池堆不停机，在满足第二储能装置储能的情况下，实现燃料电池堆对整车的零功率输出；同时，实现TPC加热器功率的随动，使得燃料电池堆对整车功率输出始终为零。结构简单，控制效率高。
The invention discloses a fuel cell system and an idle speed control method thereof. It includes a fuel cell stack, the electrical output of the fuel cell stack is connected to a booster circuit, the fuel cell system controller FCCU, the output of the booster circuit includes connection to a high-voltage load in the fuel cell system, the power output of the entire vehicle, and the output of the booster circuit is also The TPC heater is connected, and the control signal of the TPC heater is connected to the fuel cell system controller. The TPC heater is used to consume the excess electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack when the vehicle is idling, so that the fuel cell stack drive electric energy output is zero. In the present invention, the fuel cell stack does not stop when the vehicle is idling, and under the condition that the energy storage of the second energy storage device is satisfied, the zero power output of the fuel cell stack to the whole vehicle is realized; meanwhile, the follow-up of the power of the TPC heater is realized, so that the The power output of the fuel cell stack to the vehicle is always zero. Simple structure and high control efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technology of fuel cell vehicles, and particularly relates to a control technology of a fuel cell system when a vehicle is idling.
Background
At present, a fuel cell vehicle, especially a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, is mainly driven in an "electric-electric hybrid" mode, that is, a hybrid driving mode in which a fuel cell is mainly used and a second energy storage device, such as a power battery, a super capacitor and other auxiliary energy sources, are used as auxiliaries. The existing hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack, a booster circuit and a fuel cell system controller, wherein the output of the booster circuit comprises a high-voltage load connected with the inside of the fuel cell system and the electric energy output of the whole vehicle. Under the condition of idling of a vehicle, a fuel cell system enters a standby mode, the output voltage of the fuel cell system is reduced, and the power of the fuel cell system is reduced to the minimum limit, but the electric energy output power of the whole vehicle is not zero, so that the output of a galvanic pile system needs to be closed under the condition that auxiliary energy cannot store more energy, the galvanic pile needs to be shut down for at least 3min according to the current domestic technology, and the waiting and restarting time is too long, so that the power performance of the whole vehicle is greatly reduced, and the driving experience is extremely poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen fuel cell system of a fuel cell and auxiliary power cell hybrid vehicle and an idle speed control method thereof, which realize zero power output of the hydrogen fuel cell system to a vehicle when the vehicle is in idle speed.
The technical scheme of the hydrogen fuel cell system FCS for realizing one purpose of the invention is as follows: the electric power output of the fuel cell stack is connected with a booster circuit, a fuel cell system controller FCCU, the output of the booster circuit comprises a high-voltage load connected with the inside of the fuel cell system, the electric power output of the whole vehicle is connected, the output of the booster circuit is also connected with a PTC heater, a control signal of the PTC heater is connected with the fuel cell system controller, and the PTC heater is used for consuming redundant electric power generated by the fuel cell stack when the vehicle idles, so that the electric power output driven by the fuel cell stack is zero.
The boost circuit is a DCDC circuit.
The data communication framework is that the fuel cell system controller FCCU realizes the interaction of data commands with other controllers of the vehicle through the CAN of the whole vehicle.
The hydrogen fuel cell system FCS has in-system CAN communication, and realizes interaction of data commands of the fuel cell system controller FCCU to devices in the system, including (a fuel cell stack, a PTC heater, a booster circuit, and a high-voltage load in the fuel cell system).
The further optimized technical scheme is as follows: a contactor K2 is connected between the output of the booster circuit and the PTC heater, and a main control contactor K1 is connected between the fuel cell stack and the booster circuit.
The further optimized technical scheme is as follows: when the vehicle is idling, the PTC heater sets the working power PsetPTC equal to the idling net output power of the fuel cell stack-the high-pressure load power in the fuel cell system.
The further optimized technical scheme is as follows: also comprises a PTC heater provided with a working power feedback controller for feedbackThe controller is used for obtaining the current power P of the PTC heaterPTCJudging the current PTC heater power PPTCWhether or not to set the operating power P with the PTC heatersetPTCSimilarly, the PTC heater power is adjusted to set the operating power PsetPTCAnd (6) outputting.
The further optimized technical scheme is as follows: it also includes a medium heat exchanger for heat exchange with the PTC heater.
The hydrogen fuel cell system FCS is only additionally provided with one path of PTC output of the boost conversion circuit, when a vehicle idles, the fuel cell stack is not stopped, and the zero power output of the fuel cell stack to the whole vehicle is realized under the condition that the energy is stored by the second energy storage device; meanwhile, the feedback controller of the PTC heater solves the problem that the fuel cell stack fluctuates in power output of the whole vehicle due to fluctuation of the fuel cell stack and/or high-voltage load power, and realizes follow-up of the power of the PTC heater, so that the power output of the whole vehicle of the fuel cell stack is always zero. Simple structure and high control efficiency.
The second purpose of the present invention is achieved by a method for controlling an idle speed of a fuel cell system; after the vehicle is in an idle state and the electric energy of the second energy storage device reaches a set value, the PTC heater in the fuel cell system is started to work, the redundant electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack is consumed, and the power P of the PTC heater is burntPTCThe further optimized technical scheme is as follows: the PTC heater works according to a set power, and the set working power PsetPTCFuel cell stack idle net output power-the high voltage load power within the fuel cell system.
The further optimized technical scheme is as follows: obtaining the current PTC heater power PPTCJudging the current PTC heater power PPTCWhether or not to set the operating power P with the PTC heatersetPTCSimilarly, the PTC heater is adjusted to set the operating power PsetPTCAnd (6) outputting.
The further optimized technical scheme is as follows: the PTC heater exchanges heat with the medium heat exchanger.
The further optimized technical scheme is as follows: obtaining net output power of fuel cell stack and/or high output power in fuel cell systemModifying PTC heater set operating power P, voltage load power, net stack output power, and/or high voltage load power variations within a fuel cell systemsetPTC。
The control scheme is simple, the response is quick, and the power P of the PTC heater is controlledPTCThe control adopts a feedback follow-up method, and under the condition of idling, the fuel cell stack and/or the fluctuation change of high-voltage load power ensure that the power output of the whole fuel cell stack is zero.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high voltage architecture and communication schematic of a fuel cell system and vehicle of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage distribution of a PTC heater of a fuel cell system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a PTC heater feedback controller;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an idle speed control method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a PTC heater control method
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is provided for the purpose of explaining the claimed embodiments of the present invention so that those skilled in the art can understand the claims. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following specific implementation configurations. It is intended that the scope of the invention be determined by those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which includes claims that are directed to this invention.
The auxiliary energy source of the second energy storage device in this embodiment includes a power battery system BMS and a super capacitor + bidirectional DCDC system SCMS.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell system FCS100 includes a fuel cell stack 101, a power output of the fuel cell stack 101 is connected to a DCDC boost converter circuit 102, an output of the DCDC boost converter circuit 102 includes three paths, one path of the output is connected to a PTC heater 103, two paths of the output are connected to a high-voltage load 104 in the fuel cell system, and a third path of the output is a vehicle power output, and the fuel cell system FCS further includes a fuel cell system controller FCCU 105. The fuel cell system FCS is internally provided with a sub CAN network, and data instructions of the fuel cell system controller FCCU are interacted with high-voltage loads in the fuel cell system FCS through CAN in the fuel cell system FCS and devices in the system including a fuel cell stack, a PTC heater, a booster circuit and the fuel cell system.
For a finished automobile, the finished automobile comprises a fuel cell system FCS100, a finished automobile controller VCU200, a super capacitor + bidirectional DCDC system SCMS300, a power battery system BMS400, a finished automobile high-voltage distribution box PDU500, a motor control system MCU600, a finished automobile high-voltage load 700 and a driving motor 800.
And the ECUs transmit and receive information through a CAN bus, wherein a fuel cell system controller (FCCU), a power battery system (BMS), a whole vehicle high-voltage distribution box (PDU), a whole Vehicle Controller (VCU) and a super capacitor and bidirectional DCDC system (SCMS) are connected to the whole vehicle high-speed CAN.
As shown in fig. 2, in the fuel cell system FCS, a main control contactor K1 is connected between the fuel cell stack 101 and the DCDC boost converter circuit 102, a second contactor K2 is connected between the DCDC boost converter circuit 102 and the PTC heater 103, and a third contactor K3 is connected between the DCDC boost converter circuit 102 and the high-voltage load 104.
And the third output of the DCDC boost conversion circuit 102 is the power output of the whole vehicle and is connected with the whole vehicle high-voltage distribution box PDU 400.
In an embodiment, the power output of the power battery system BMS and the stage capacitor + bidirectional DCDC system SCMS are also connected to the input of the second contactor K2, respectively, the third contactor K3.
In an embodiment, the fuel cell system FCS further includes a medium heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the PTC heater; the media heat exchanger may be in communication with the fuel cell cooling system water passage to dissipate heat generated by the PTC heater through the fuel cell cooling system water passage, or in communication with an air conditioning system for heating (not shown).
In order to realize the servo of the PTC power, the present embodiment constructs a PTC power feedback controller, as shown in fig. 3, which includes a differentiator 1 for comparing the idle power of the fuel cell with the high-voltage load power in the fuel cell system, an output of the differentiator 1 is connected to a comparator 2, the output power information of the comparator 2, and the PTC controller 3 obtains the output power of the PTC in real time and feeds the output power back to the comparator 2. The feedback controller may be a physical entity structure or may be implemented based on software control. In the embodiment, the control method is realized by adopting a software algorithm in a fuel cell system controller (FCCU) and is realized by adopting PID algorithm control.
As shown in fig. 4, the control method of the present embodiment is as follows:
in a non-idle state;
the VCU firstly judges whether the whole vehicle is in an idling state according to gear information, vehicle speed information, accelerator pedal information, fuel cell system FCS working state and information that MCU feedback distortion demand is 0;
when the vehicle is in an idling state and the fuel cell system is in a starting state, the electric quantity of the power battery and the electric quantity of the super capacitor both reach a charging prohibition threshold, and the VCU judges whether the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor is more than or equal to 90% and the SOC electric quantity of the power battery is more than or equal to 90% in the embodiment; the energy of the galvanic pile is stored to the auxiliary energy in a maximized mode, and the energy utilization rate of the system is improved.
Whether the whole vehicle is in a high-voltage state at the moment is judged according to the closed states of a main positive contactor and a main negative contactor fed back by the whole vehicle high-voltage distribution box PDU;
through the process, the VCU sends a power output mode command of the FCS idling 0;
as shown in fig. 5, after learning that main contactor K1 and PTC contactor K2 have pulled in the fuel cell DCDC boost converter circuit and that the PTC heater controller bus voltage is between 290V and 450V.
The fuel cell system controller FCCU enters an idling 0 power output mode and sends a PTC initial setting working power instruction;
the PTC heater operates at a power P based on the initial setting of the FCCUsetPTCCarrying out work; the set working power PsetPTCIdle net output power of the fuel cell stack-high voltage load power within the fuel cell system;
the idle net output power of the electric pile is acquired by the FCCU, the high-voltage load power in other fuel cell systems is acquired by electric appliances, the information is sent to a CAN bus inside the FCCU, and the FCCU finishes calculation and sending of the set working power of the PTC heater.
The fuel cell system controller FCCU calls a PTC power PID (proportion integration differentiation) adjusting algorithm to always maintain the PTC power to be set working power PsetPTC(ii) a In the process: judging the current PTC heater power PPTC(the power is uploaded to the FCCU after being detected by the PTC internal detection circuit) is equal to PsetPTCIf not, continuing to invoke the PID algorithm until the current PTC heater power PPTCIs equal to PsetPTC；
The fuel cell system may be placed in an idle net output power 0 mode.
Further, whether the net output power of the fuel electric pile and the high-voltage load power in the fuel cell system are changed or not is judged, if yes, the required PTC working power is also changed correspondingly, and if not, the idling net output power of the fuel cell system can be always 0.
If the net output power of the fuel cell stack and the high-voltage load power in the fuel cell system change, the latest PTC set working power P needs to be set again in an overriding mannersetPTCAt a new set operating power P of the PTC heatersetPTCAnd (4) working.
The heat generated by the PTC heater is carried away by the medium heat exchange device.
In a further embodiment, the power outputs of the super capacitor + the bidirectional DCDC system SCMS300 and the power battery system BMS400 are also respectively connected with the input end of the PTC contactor K2, so that the fuel battery system FCS can be heated by the PTC heater through the power outputs of the super capacitor + the bidirectional DCDC system SCMS300 and the power battery system BMS400 when the vehicle is in cold start. Namely, when the PTC heater enters a high-pressure preparation state and the starting environment temperature of the fuel cell system FCS is lower than-20 ℃, the second energy storage device outputs to the PTC heater to enable the PTC heater to be in full power output, and when the fuel cell system is normally and slowly started and the temperature rises to 20 ℃, the PTC heater is closed.
Claims (7)
1. A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell stackThe electric output of (2) connect boost circuit, fuel cell system controller, boost circuit's output is including connecting high-voltage load in the fuel cell system, whole car electric energy output, its characterized in that: the output of the booster circuit is also connected with a PTC heater, the control signal of the PTC heater is connected with a fuel cell system controller, and the PTC heater is used for consuming redundant electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack when the vehicle idles so as to realize that the driving electric energy output of the fuel cell stack is zero; the PTC heater power feedback control device is used for obtaining the current PTC heater power PPTCJudging the current PTC heater power PPTCWhether or not to set the operating power P with the PTC heatersetPTCSimilarly, the PTC heater is adjusted to set the operating power PsetPTCOutput, the PTC heater sets the working power PsetPTCFuel cell stack idle net output power-the high voltage load power within the fuel cell system.
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein: and a contactor is connected between the output of the booster circuit and the PTC heater.
3. A fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1-2, further comprising a medium heat exchanger for heat exchange with the PTC heater.
4. The idle speed control method of the fuel cell system is characterized in that after the idle speed state of a vehicle is obtained and the electric energy of a second energy storage device reaches a set value, a PTC heater in the fuel cell system is started to work, redundant electric energy generated by a fuel cell stack is consumed, the electric energy power output of the fuel cell stack to the whole vehicle is zero, and the current power P of the PTC heater is obtainedPTCJudging the current PTC heater power PPTCWhether or not to set the operating power P with the PTC heatersetPTCSimilarly, the PTC heater is adjusted to set the operating power PsetPTCAnd (6) outputting.
5. Idle speed control of fuel cell system according to claim 4Method, characterized in that the PTC heater is operated at a set power, the set operating power PsetPTCFuel cell stack idle net output power-the high voltage load power within the fuel cell system.
6. An idle speed control method of a fuel cell system as set forth in claim 4, wherein the PTC heater performs heat exchange with the medium heat exchanger.
7. An idle speed control method of a fuel cell system as defined in claim 4 or 5, wherein the net output power of the fuel cell stack and/or the power of the high voltage load in the fuel cell system, the net output power of the fuel cell stack and/or the power variation of the high voltage load in the fuel cell system are obtained, and the PTC heater setting operation power P is modifiedsetPTC。
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| CN112659902A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-16 | 镇江海姆霍兹传热传动系统有限公司 | Electric vehicle and lower electric system thereof |
| CN113043907A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-29 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Cold start method, system and vehicle |
| CN113335137A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-09-03 | 北京氢澜科技有限公司 | Control method of fuel cell system capable of recycling energy |
| CN113581016B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2023-07-18 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system idle speed control method and related equipment |
| CN114006008B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2023-03-31 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system control device |
| CN116278984A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-23 | 江苏清能新能源技术股份有限公司 | Fuel cell vehicle and control method thereof |
| CN116901791B (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2026-01-20 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | High-voltage electric heater for fuel cell system, control method, control device and medium thereof |
| CN118182179B (en) * | 2024-05-16 | 2024-08-16 | 武汉海亿新能源科技有限公司 | High-power hydrogen fuel cell mining card power system and control method thereof |
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