CN111322036B - Gas well self-adaptive flow control water device and design method thereof - Google Patents
Gas well self-adaptive flow control water device and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111322036B CN111322036B CN201811434652.0A CN201811434652A CN111322036B CN 111322036 B CN111322036 B CN 111322036B CN 201811434652 A CN201811434652 A CN 201811434652A CN 111322036 B CN111322036 B CN 111322036B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- control water
- water device
- flow control
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 61
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017488 activation-induced cell death of T cell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Flow Control (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-adaptive flow control water device of a gas well and a design method thereof, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: step 1: obtaining basic parameters of a certain section of horizontal well; step 2: determining the flow and inlet speed of each adaptive flow control water device according to the installation number of the adaptive flow control water devices of the horizontal well of the section; and step 3: according to the basic parameters in the step 1 and the entrance speed in the step 2, performing preliminary geometric model design and setting of simulation calculation conditions, and performing simulation parameter exploration on the preliminary geometric model; and 4, step 4: testing the initial geometric model and the setting of simulation calculation conditions in the step 3, and comparing the tested experimental result with the simulation result; and 5: and carrying out numerical optimization on the self-adaptive flow control water device based on DOE orthogonal test design. The design method solves the problems of unclear design thought, low simulation precision and the like, and increases the water control and yield increase effects of the self-adaptive flow control water device for the gas well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water control well completion of oil and gas wells, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive flow control water device of a gas well and a design method thereof.
Background
The problem of bottom water back-crossing in the development process of the bottom water gas reservoir horizontal well is solved, the waterless oil extraction period of the bottom water gas reservoir is shortened, the performance of the capacity advantage of the horizontal well is seriously influenced, and the bottom water back-crossing problem becomes a key factor for restricting the efficient development of the bottom water gas reservoir of the horizontal well. The traditional ICD water control tool is only suitable for being used before water breakthrough of a horizontal shaft and is ineffective for a gas well after water breakthrough.
At present, aiming at the defects of the ICD, the ICD is improved, and an automatic inflow control device with intelligent selection and inhibition functions on unfavorable fluid is researched, and the device can be divided into a clamping piece type, a floating disc type, a flow channel control type and a self-expansion type according to different principles and devices, wherein the flow channel control type is safer, more reliable, convenient and durable. Although AICD can well inhibit water production, at present, the device is only suitable for oil wells, and is not effectively solved aiming at the problems of gas wells, and a complete design method of the adaptive flow control water device aiming at the gas wells is not provided.
In this regard, a design method for designing a system is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a gas well adaptive flow control water device and a design method thereof, which can carry out scheme design on the adaptive flow control water device, overcome the problems of unclear design thought, low simulation precision and the like of the conventional gas well adaptive flow control water device, and save the design period and the efficiency.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a design method of a self-adaptive flow control water device of a gas well, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining basic parameters of a certain section of horizontal well;
step 2: determining the flow and inlet speed of each adaptive flow control water device according to the installation number of the adaptive flow control water devices of the horizontal well of the section;
and step 3: according to the basic parameters in the step 1 and the entrance speed in the step 2, performing preliminary geometric model design and setting of simulation calculation conditions, and performing simulation parameter exploration on the preliminary geometric model;
as shown in fig. 2, the preliminary geometric model includes: the device comprises a base pipe 8, a sleeve 9 sleeved outside the base pipe 8, a gas well adaptive flow control water device 10 and a sieve pipe 11, wherein the gas well adaptive flow control water device 10 is arranged on the outer wall of the base pipe 8 and communicated with the base pipe 8, and the gas well adaptive flow control water device 10 is positioned between the base pipe 8 and the sleeve 9.
And 4, step 4: testing the initial geometric model and the setting of simulation calculation conditions in the step 3, and comparing the tested experimental result with the simulation result;
and 5: and carrying out numerical optimization on the self-adaptive flow control water device based on DOE orthogonal test design.
In one embodiment, the basic parameters in step 1 include: horizontal shaft parameters, fluid parameters of a reservoir at the section of the horizontal well, and the constraint size of the adaptive flow control water device;
wherein the horizontal wellbore parameter comprises: the length, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the whole horizontal well and the pressure difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter;
the fluid parameters of the reservoir include: the physical parameters of the liquid, the physical parameters of the gas, the percentage of the liquid and the gas at the section of the horizontal well and the physical environment around the section of the horizontal well;
the constraint sizes are: designing a central control structure for accommodating the adaptive flow regulating and water controlling device, and constraining the length, width and height of the central control structure.
In one embodiment, in step 2, the installation number n of the self-adaptive flow control water devices of the horizontal well is preliminarily determined according to the actual production requirement on site, and then the total production amount Q known by the horizontal well is usedGeneral assemblyTo determine the flow rate Q of each adaptive flow control water device1＝QGeneral assemblyN; then, the product is processedDetermining the inlet speed v-Q of each adaptive flow control water device according to the known inlet area A of each adaptive flow control water device1/A。
In one embodiment, the simulation parameter exploration in step 3 comprises: boundary layer thickness, grid division, grid quality inspection, volume grid generation and grid independence verification;
the setting of the simulation calculation conditions in the step 3 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of division of fluid flow state, selection of a turbulence model, selection of a multiphase flow model, setting of boundary conditions, analysis of a steady-state flow field and analysis of a transient flow field.
In an embodiment, the step 5 further specifically includes the following steps:
step 5.1: establishing a numerical optimization sample library of the gas well adaptive flow control water device based on the DOE method;
step 5.2: constructing an approximate model between main geometric parameters of the gas well adaptive flow control water device and the pressure drop of fluid flowing through the gas well adaptive flow control water device, and performing precision prediction;
step 5.3: global optimization is carried out on the approximate model by adopting a global optimization algorithm;
step 5.4: and analyzing the pressure field, the velocity field and the pressure drop loss of the gas well self-adaptive flow control water device according to the global optimization result, and further verifying the global optimization result.
In an embodiment, the step 5.1 further specifically includes the following steps:
step 5.11: determining main geometric parameters influencing the increase of flow resistance in the adaptive flow control water device according to a generation formula of the flow resistance of the adaptive flow control water device to achieve the purpose of flow regulation and water control, wherein the determined main geometric parameters comprise: inlet area, inlet number, branch included angle and outlet area;
step 5.12: constructing a plurality of groups of experiment schemes for numerical optimization of the gas well adaptive flow control water device by adopting an orthogonal experiment Design (DOE) method;
step 5.13: numerical calculation is carried out on the multiple groups of test schemes in the step 5.12 by using numerical calculation software;
step 5.14: and (5) establishing a sample library according to the result obtained by numerical calculation in the step 5.13.
In one embodiment, in step 5.11, the determination of the main geometric parameters is as follows:
the flow resistance is generated by the formula: according to Bernoulli equation, the maximum outflow speed of water is obtained by changing the flow path of the water, so that the outlet pressure is minimized, and the maximum pressure drop delta p obtained by the integral adaptive flow control water device is enabled to be delta pL+ΔpN+ΔpS(ii) a Wherein, Δ pLAnnular channel pressure drop; Δ pNIs the nozzle pressure drop; Δ pSIs the launder pressure drop;
wherein the annular channel pressure drop Δ pLIncluding on-way pressure loss and local pressure loss;
in the formula, lambda is the loss coefficient along the way; l is the length of the annular pipeline; dlIs the diameter of the annular pipe; ζ is the local loss coefficient; rhomDensity of fluid in kg/m in the annular pipe3(ii) a Q is the through flow in the annular pipe, m3/s；fDCA fluid separation coefficient for an annular conduit; a. thelIs the cut-off area, m, of the annular duct2；
Wherein the on-way loss coefficient lambda is determined by the flow state, and the expression of the on-way loss coefficient lambda is as follows:
wherein Re is Reynolds number;
wherein, the expression of the local loss coefficient ζ is as follows:
wherein R is the diameter of the contracted section; theta is a branch included angle;
wherein the fluid separation coefficient f of the annular conduitDCThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, ρmixIs the density of mixed fluid in the annular pipeline, m/s2；ρcalDensity in the standard state; mu.scalIs the viscosity in the standard state; mu.smixIs the hybrid hydrodynamic viscosity, m2/s；
Where ρ ismix＝α0ρ0+αwρw+αgρg(ii) a In the formula, alpha0The ratio of the mixed fluid oil flow is; rho0Is the density of the oil flow fluid in the annular pipeline, m/s2；αwThe ratio of the mixed fluid water flow is; rhowIs the density of water flow fluid in the annular pipeline, m/s2；αgThe gas volume ratio of the mixed fluid is; rhogIs the density of gas fluid in the annular pipeline in m/s2；
Wherein, mumix＝α0μ0+αwμw+αgμg(ii) a In the formula, mu0Is the hydrodynamic viscosity, m, of the oil flow in the annular pipe2/s；μwIs the hydrodynamic viscosity, m, of the water flow in the annular pipeline2/s；μgIs the hydrodynamic viscosity, m, of gas in an annular pipeline2/s；
Wherein the launder pressure drop Δ pSThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, CDSIs a launder pressure loss coefficient; a. theSIs the cross-sectional area of the launder;
wherein the pressure loss coefficient of the launder CDSThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, KSinAnd KSoutIn connection with sudden expansion and contraction of the annular duct; kSinIs the sudden expansion coefficient of the annular duct; kSoutIs the sudden shrinkage factor of the annular duct; lSIs the length of the launder; dSIs the diameter of the launder;
wherein, KSinAnd KSoutAre respectively:
in the formula, ASinIs the inlet area of the launder, m2；ASoutIs the outlet area of the launder, m2。
The invention also provides a gas well adaptive flow control water device designed according to any one of the design methods, which comprises a circular control chamber, a fluid inlet communicated with the control chamber and a fluid outlet positioned at the center of the control chamber, wherein an outer annular baffle and an inner annular baffle are arranged in the circular cavity of the control chamber; an outer flow passage is formed between the outer annular baffle and the control chamber, a middle flow passage is formed between the outer annular baffle and the inner annular baffle, and an inner flow passage is formed in the inner annular baffle; the outer annular baffle and the inner annular baffle are respectively composed of two arc-shaped plates with the same shape, and each arc-shaped plate is provided with a first end and a second end;
the inner wall of the arc-shaped plate is inclined towards the outer wall at the first end to form an inner inclined wall, the outer wall of the arc-shaped plate is inclined towards the inner wall at the second end to form an outer inclined wall, the outer inclined wall is parallel to the inner inclined wall, and the length of the outer inclined wall is smaller than that of the inner inclined wall;
the first end of one arc plate of the outer annular baffle plate is opposite to the second end of the other arc plate of the outer annular baffle plate, and two parallel outer annular fluid inlets are formed; the first end of one of the arc plates of the inner annular baffle plate is opposite to the second end of the other arc plate and forms two parallel inner annular fluid inlets.
In one embodiment, the fluid inlet includes a main flow channel and a branch flow channel, the main flow channel is tangent to the outer wall of the control chamber, an included angle is formed between the branch flow channel and the main flow channel, the branch flow channel communicates the main flow channel and the control chamber, and the cross-sectional area of the branch flow channel is greater than that of the main flow channel.
In one embodiment, the fluid inlets are provided in two and are symmetrically arranged in the circumferential direction of the control chamber.
In one embodiment, a line connecting the first ends of the two arc-shaped plates of the outer annular baffle and a line connecting the first ends of the two arc-shaped plates of the inner annular baffle form a preset included angle.
In one embodiment, the included angle formed by the flow direction of the fluid flowing into the outer flow channel from the main flow channel and the flow direction of the fluid at the fluid inlet of the outer ring is an acute angle; the included angle formed by the flow direction of the fluid flowing into the outer flow channel from the branch flow channel and the flow direction of the fluid at the outer ring fluid inlet is an obtuse angle.
In one embodiment, the outer ring fluid inlet is located a distance from the branch flow channel that is less than the distance from the main flow channel, and the outer ring fluid inlet is not coincident with the inlet of the branch flow channel into the control chamber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a design method of a gas well adaptive flow control water device, which solves the design problems of unclear design idea, low simulation precision and the like of the gas well adaptive flow control water device, has positive significance on the development of the gas well adaptive flow control water device, improves the research efficiency, further increases the water control and yield increase effect of the gas well adaptive flow control water device, and has wide field application prospect.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a design method of a gas well adaptive flow control water device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a preliminary geometric model and installation of the gas well adaptive flow control water device of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the gas well adaptive flow control water device of the invention.
In the drawings like parts are provided with the same reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings. Therefore, the realization process of how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effect can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as no conflict exists. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
The invention provides a design method of a self-adaptive flow control water device of a gas well, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1: obtaining basic parameters of a certain section of horizontal well;
step 2: determining the flow and inlet speed of each adaptive flow control water device according to the installation number of the adaptive flow control water devices of the horizontal well of the section;
and step 3: according to the basic parameters in the step 1 and the entrance speed in the step 2, performing preliminary geometric model design and setting of simulation calculation conditions, and performing simulation parameter exploration on the preliminary geometric model;
and 4, step 4: testing the initial geometric model and the setting of simulation calculation conditions in the step 3, and comparing the tested experimental result with the simulation result;
and 5: and carrying out numerical optimization on the self-adaptive flow control water device based on DOE orthogonal test design.
Preferably, the basic parameters in step 1 include: horizontal shaft parameters, fluid parameters of a reservoir at the section of the horizontal well, and the constraint size of the adaptive flow control water device;
wherein the horizontal wellbore parameter comprises: the length, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the whole horizontal well and the pressure difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter;
the fluid parameters of the reservoir include: the physical parameters of the liquid, the physical parameters of the gas, the percentage of the liquid and the gas at the section of the horizontal well and the physical environment around the section of the horizontal well;
the constraint sizes are: designing a central control structure for accommodating the adaptive flow regulating and water controlling device, and constraining the length, width and height of the central control structure; in one embodiment, the central control structure has a length of 60mm, a width of 50mm and a height of 13 mm.
Preferably, in the step 2, the installation number n of the self-adaptive flow control water devices of the section of horizontal well is preliminarily determined according to the actual production requirement on site, and then the total production Q of the horizontal well is knownGeneral assemblyTo determine the flow rate Q of each adaptive flow control water device1＝QGeneral assemblyN; and determining the inlet speed v of each adaptive flow control water device as Q according to the known inlet area A of each adaptive flow control water device1and/A. Specifically, the total flow rate Q of the formation through which the entire screen is to be knownGeneral assembly(as shown in fig. 2), dividing the gas wells into the determined number of each gas well adaptive flow control water device, and then determining the flow rate Q of the gas wells adaptive flow control water device1And further carrying out the structural parameter design of water and oil blocking of the self-adaptive flow control water device of the gas well.
Preferably, the simulation parameter exploration in step 3 comprises: boundary layer thickness, grid division, grid quality inspection, volume grid generation and grid independence verification;
wherein, the boundary layer means: when the viscous fluid flows through the solid side wall, a flowing thin layer with obvious flow velocity gradient is formed near the wall surface; the boundary layer thickness refers to: a height perpendicular to the wall from the boundary layer wall to a position where a flow velocity tangential to the wall reaches 99% of a free incoming flow velocity; specifically, the thickness of the boundary layer refers to the thickness of the wall of the annular pipe fitting on the adaptive flow control water device for the gas well. The mesh division, the mesh quality inspection, the volume mesh generation and the mesh independence verification all belong to the prior art, and are not described herein again.
The setting of the simulation calculation conditions in the step 3 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of division of fluid flow state, selection of a turbulence model, selection of a multiphase flow model, setting of boundary conditions, analysis of a steady-state flow field and analysis of a transient flow field.
The simulation calculation is a process of dynamically analyzing a mode of fluid flowing in a gas well adaptive flow control water device to be designed by utilizing the existing computational fluid analysis software, and parameters such as a flow chart, pressure change, flow change and the like of the fluid flowing in the device can be obtained.
The specific process is as follows: 1. drawing a graph of the gas well adaptive flow control water device to be calculated and analyzed; 2. obtaining a flow-through channel of the fluid in the gas well adaptive flow control water device through the graphic mapping; 3. dividing a fluid flow channel into grids, in other words, dispersing the fluid flow channel into one point, calculating the flow parameter of one point in the calculation process, and then combining the parameters of one point to obtain each parameter of the flow channel fluid; 4. setting fluid calculation parameters, including: parameters such as fluid physical parameters (density, viscosity, temperature, etc. of water, oil, and gas), a fluid flow change model, and a change in fluid physical properties depending on conditions such as pressure and temperature; 5. setting boundary conditions including: the three-phase change of oil, gas and water at the fluid inlet, the fluid outlet, the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, the temperature, the pressure difference and other boundary parameters of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet; 6. after the parameters are set, calculation is started; 7. and outputting the result to obtain the flow form, pressure change, streamline change, oil-gas-water three-phase flow process and the like of the fluid in the self-adaptive water control device.
Preferably, step 5 further specifically includes the following steps:
step 5.1: establishing a numerical optimization sample library of the gas well adaptive flow control water device based on the DOE method;
step 5.2: constructing an approximate model between main geometric parameters of the gas well adaptive flow control water device and the pressure drop of fluid flowing through the gas well adaptive flow control water device, and performing precision prediction;
step 5.3: global optimization is carried out on the approximate model by adopting a global optimization algorithm;
step 5.4: and analyzing the pressure field, the velocity field and the pressure drop loss of the gas well self-adaptive flow control water device according to the global optimization result, and further verifying the global optimization result.
The approximate model does not refer to a specific calculation formula, but refers to an overall approximate structure model of the adaptive flow control water device obtained through multiple times of simulation calculation. For example, the following steps: the difference that the oil-water rotational flow can be realized by adopting a circular channel is obtained through simulation calculation and analysis, the oil-water flow channel can be converted by arranging the branched structure, and the shape and the number of the most suitable branched structure are obtained through multiple times of simulation calculation.
Further, the precision prediction refers to various structures, and after the approximate model is determined, optimization simulation calculation is performed on several key parameters in the approximate model, for example: the number of branch parts, the optimal deflection angle of the branch, the position of the baffle structure and the like.
Further, after the approximate model is obtained, the whole structure of the whole gas well self-adaptive flow control water device is obtained, and parts of each structure are clear; the global optimization is to calculate the collocation and parameters of each part in the whole device by using fluid numerical simulation calculation software again after the whole structure is determined to carry out the whole optimization, and determine the optimization of the parameters of the position, deflection angle, inlet angle, bifurcation angle and the like of each structure.
Further, after the global optimization design, the overall perfect structure of the whole gas well adaptive flow control water device is basically determined, but the changes of a pressure field, a velocity field and a pressure drop are further analyzed by digital-analog calculation of parameters (the oil-gas-water three-phase unused proportion, different inlet pressures and the like) of inflow fluid at an inlet, so that the structural rationality after the global optimization design is further analyzed.
Preferably, in step 5.1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 5.11: determining main geometric parameters influencing the increase of flow resistance in the adaptive flow control water device according to a generation formula of the flow resistance of the adaptive flow control water device to achieve the purpose of flow regulation and water control, wherein the determined main geometric parameters comprise: inlet area, inlet number, branch included angle and outlet area; in particular, the inlet area is related to the diameter R of the annular channel, the number of inlets is related to the flow Q1Correlation, number of branches and flow Q1The diameter of the annular passage R, the included angle of the branch and the outlet diameter are related to the pressure drop of the nozzle Δ pNAnd (4) correlating.
Step 5.12: constructing a plurality of groups of experiment schemes for numerical optimization of the gas well adaptive flow control water device by adopting an orthogonal experiment Design (DOE) method;
step 5.13: numerical calculation is carried out on the multiple groups of test schemes in the step 5.12 by using numerical calculation software;
step 5.14: and (5) establishing a sample library according to the result obtained by numerical calculation in the step 5.13.
Preferably, in step 5.11, the determination process of the main geometric parameters is as follows:
the flow resistance is generated by the formula: according to Bernoulli equation, the maximum outflow speed of water is obtained by changing the flow path of the water, so that the outlet pressure is minimized, and the maximum pressure drop delta p obtained by the integral adaptive flow control water device is enabled to be delta pL+ΔpN+ΔpS(ii) a Wherein, Δ pLAnnular channel pressure drop; Δ pNIs the nozzle pressure drop; Δ pSIs the launder pressure drop;
wherein the annular channel pressure drop Δ pLIncluding on-way pressure loss and local pressure loss;
in the formula, lambda is the loss coefficient along the way; l is the length of the annular pipeline; dlIs the diameter of the annular pipe; ζ is the local loss coefficient; rhomDensity of fluid in kg/m in the annular pipe3(ii) a Q is the through flow in the annular pipe, m3/s；fDCA fluid separation coefficient for an annular conduit; a. thelIs the cut-off area, m, of the annular duct2；
Wherein the on-way loss coefficient lambda is determined by the flow state, and the expression of the on-way loss coefficient lambda is as follows:
wherein Re is Reynolds number;
wherein, the expression of the local loss coefficient ζ is as follows:
wherein R is the diameter of the contracted section; theta is a branch included angle;
wherein the fluid separation coefficient f of the annular conduitDCThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, ρmixIs the density of mixed fluid in the annular pipeline, m/s2；ρcalDensity in the standard state; mu.scalIs the viscosity in the standard state; mu.smixIs the hybrid hydrodynamic viscosity, m2/s；
Where ρ ismix＝α0ρ0+αwρw+αgρg(ii) a In the formula, alpha0For mixing fluid oilA stream fraction; rho0Is the density of the oil flow fluid in the annular pipeline, m/s2；αwThe ratio of the mixed fluid water flow is; rhowIs the density of water flow fluid in the annular pipeline, m/s2；αgThe gas volume ratio of the mixed fluid is; rhogIs the density of gas fluid in the annular pipeline in m/s2；
Wherein, mumix＝α0μ0+αwμw+αgμg(ii) a In the formula, mu0Is the hydrodynamic viscosity, m, of the oil flow in the annular pipe2/s；μwIs the hydrodynamic viscosity, m, of the water flow in the annular pipeline2/s；μgIs the hydrodynamic viscosity, m, of gas in an annular pipeline2/s；
Wherein the launder pressure drop Δ pSThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, CDSIs a launder pressure loss coefficient; a. theSIs the cross-sectional area of the launder;
wherein the pressure loss coefficient of the launder CDSThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, KSinAnd KSoutIn connection with sudden expansion and contraction of the annular duct; kSinIs the sudden expansion coefficient of the annular duct; kSoutIs the sudden shrinkage factor of the annular duct; lSIs the length of the launder; dSIs the diameter of the launder;
wherein, KSinAnd KSoutAre respectively:
in the formula, ASinIs the inlet area of the launder, m2；ASoutIs the outlet area of the launder, m2。
The invention also relates to a gas well adaptive flow control water device designed according to any one of the design methods, which comprises a circular control chamber 1, a fluid inlet 2 communicated with the control chamber 1 and a fluid outlet 3 positioned at the center of the control chamber, wherein an outer annular baffle 4 and an inner annular baffle 5 are arranged in a circular chamber of the control chamber 1; an outer flow channel is formed between the outer annular baffle 4 and the control chamber 1, a middle flow channel is formed between the outer annular baffle 4 and the inner annular baffle 5, and an inner flow channel is formed in the inner annular baffle 5; the outer annular baffle 4 and the inner annular baffle 5 are respectively composed of two arc-shaped plates with the same shape, and each arc-shaped plate is provided with a first end and a second end;
wherein the inner wall of the arc plate is inclined towards the outer wall at a first end to form an inner inclined wall 6, the outer wall of the arc plate is inclined towards the inner wall at a second end to form an outer inclined wall 7, the outer inclined wall 7 is parallel to the inner inclined wall 6, and the length of the outer inclined wall 6 is less than that of the inner inclined wall 7;
the first end of one of the arc plates of the outer annular baffle 4 is opposite to the second end of the other arc plate and forms two parallel outer annular fluid inlets 41; the first end of one of the arcs of the inner annular baffle 5 is arranged opposite to the second end of the other arc and forms two parallel inner annular fluid inlets 51.
Preferably, the fluid inlet 2 includes a main flow channel 21 and a branch flow channel 22, the main flow channel 21 is tangent to the outer wall of the control chamber 1, an included angle is formed between the branch flow channel 22 and the main flow channel 21, the branch flow channel 22 communicates the main flow channel 21 with the control chamber 1, and the cross-sectional area of the branch flow channel 22 is greater than that of the main flow channel 21.
Preferably, the fluid inlets 2 are provided in two and symmetrically arranged in the circumferential direction of the control chamber 1.
Preferably, a preset included angle is formed between a line of first ends of the two arc-shaped plates of the outer annular baffle 4 and a line of first ends of the two arc-shaped plates of the inner annular baffle 5.
Preferably, the included angle formed by the flow direction (counterclockwise in the present embodiment) of the fluid flowing from the main flow channel 21 into the outer flow channel and the flow direction of the fluid at the outer ring fluid inlet 41 is an acute angle; the included angle formed by the flow direction of the fluid flowing into the outer flow channel from the branch flow channel 22 and the flow direction of the fluid at the outer ring fluid inlet 41 is an obtuse angle; similarly, the flow direction of the fluid flowing into the middle flow channel from the outer ring fluid inlet 41 (counterclockwise in this embodiment) and the flow direction of the fluid at the inner ring fluid inlet 51 form an acute angle. Preferably, the distance between the outer ring fluid inlet 41 and the branch flow passage 22 is smaller than the distance between the outer ring fluid inlet 41 and the main flow passage 21, and the outer ring fluid inlet 41 and the inlet of the branch flow passage 22 into the control chamber 1 are not coincident.
The structure of the invention has the dominant effect on the flow of large Reynolds number and the inertia force of water, and the water flow tends to keep the original flow direction. Therefore, the water mostly flows into the main flow passage. The water entering the circular control chamber from the main flow channel has high speed and large angular momentum relative to the outlet, and the water rotates continuously in the circular control chamber at high speed. A large pressure difference is created with respect to the center of the circular control chamber. The water flow rotates at high speed, and the outflow of water is inhibited. The two layers of annular baffles arranged in the circular control chamber block the water from flowing along the radial direction, and the pressure difference between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet is further increased.
While the viscous resistance of the natural gas flow dominates, the gas flowing in from the fluid inlet flows in the direction in which the pressure gradient decreases most rapidly. The proportion of gas flowing into the main runner and the branch runners is similar. The fluid enters the circular control chamber from the main flow channel and the branch flow channel respectively, the angular momentum of the two fluids is opposite, and the angular momentum in the chamber of the circular control chamber is mutually offset. Thus, the gas in the circular control chamber rotates at a very low speed and flows directly out of the fluid outlet under the action of the pressure differential. Therefore, the device has large resistance to water and small resistance to gas.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments as above, the description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A design method of a gas well adaptive flow control water device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: obtaining basic parameters of a certain section of horizontal well;
step 2: determining the flow and inlet speed of each adaptive flow control water device according to the installation number of the adaptive flow control water devices of the horizontal well of the section;
and step 3: according to the basic parameters in the step 1 and the entrance speed in the step 2, performing preliminary geometric model design and setting of simulation calculation conditions, and performing simulation parameter exploration on the preliminary geometric model;
and 4, step 4: testing the initial geometric model and the setting of simulation calculation conditions in the step 3, and comparing the tested experimental result with the simulation result;
and 5: carrying out numerical optimization on the self-adaptive flow control water device based on DOE orthogonal test design, wherein the numerical optimization comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: establishing a numerical optimization sample library of the gas well adaptive flow control water device based on the DOE method;
step 5.2: constructing an approximate model between main geometric parameters of the gas well adaptive flow control water device and the pressure drop of fluid flowing through the gas well adaptive flow control water device, and performing precision prediction;
step 5.3: global optimization is carried out on the approximate model by adopting a global optimization algorithm;
step 5.4: and analyzing the pressure field, the velocity field and the pressure drop loss of the gas well self-adaptive flow control water device according to the global optimization result, and further verifying the global optimization result.
2. The design method of the adaptive flow control water device for the gas well as claimed in claim 1, wherein the basic parameters in the step 1 comprise: horizontal shaft parameters, fluid parameters of a reservoir at the section of the horizontal well, and the constraint size of the adaptive flow control water device;
wherein the horizontal wellbore parameter comprises: the length, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the whole horizontal well and the pressure difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter;
the fluid parameters of the reservoir include: the physical parameters of the liquid, the physical parameters of the gas, the percentage of the liquid and the gas at the section of the horizontal well and the physical environment around the section of the horizontal well;
the constraint sizes are: designing a central control structure for accommodating the adaptive flow regulating and water controlling device, and constraining the length, width and height of the central control structure.
3. The design method of the gas well adaptive flow control water device according to claim 2, characterized in that in the step 2, the installation number n of the horizontal well adaptive flow control water device of the section is preliminarily determined according to the actual production requirement on site, and then the total production amount Q known by the horizontal well is determinedGeneral assemblyTo determine the flow rate Q of each adaptive flow control water device1＝QGeneral assemblyN; and determining the inlet speed v of each adaptive flow control water device as Q according to the known inlet area A of each adaptive flow control water device1/A。
4. The design method of the adaptive flow control water device for the gas well as claimed in claim 3, wherein the simulation parameter exploration in the step 3 comprises: boundary layer thickness, grid division, grid quality inspection, volume grid generation and grid independence verification;
the setting of the simulation calculation conditions in the step 3 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of division of fluid flow state, selection of a turbulence model, selection of a multiphase flow model, setting of boundary conditions, analysis of a steady-state flow field and analysis of a transient flow field.
5. The design method of the adaptive flow control water device for the gas well as defined in claim 4 is characterized in that in step 5.1, the method further comprises the following steps:
step 5.11: determining main geometric parameters influencing the increase of flow resistance in the adaptive flow control water device according to a generation formula of the flow resistance of the adaptive flow control water device to achieve the purpose of flow regulation and water control, wherein the determined main geometric parameters comprise: inlet area, inlet number, branch included angle and outlet area;
step 5.12: constructing a plurality of groups of experiment schemes for numerical optimization of the gas well adaptive flow control water device by adopting an orthogonal experiment Design (DOE) method;
step 5.13: numerical calculation is carried out on the multiple groups of test schemes in the step 5.12 by using numerical calculation software;
step 5.14: and (5) establishing a sample library according to the result obtained by numerical calculation in the step 5.13.
6. The design method of the adaptive flow control water device for the gas well as recited in claim 5, characterized in that in the step 5.11, the determination process of the main geometric parameters is as follows:
the flow resistance is generated by the formula: according to Bernoulli equation, the maximum outflow speed of water is obtained by changing the flow path of the water, so that the outlet pressure is minimized, and the maximum pressure drop delta p obtained by the integral adaptive flow control water device is enabled to be delta pL+ΔpN+ΔpS(ii) a Wherein, Δ pLAnnular channel pressure drop; Δ pNIs the nozzle pressure drop; Δ pSIs the launder pressure drop;
wherein the annular channel pressure drop Δ pLIncluding on-way pressure loss and local pressure loss;
in the formula, lambda is the loss coefficient along the way; l is the length of the annular pipeline; dlIs the diameter of the annular pipe; ζ is the local loss coefficient; rhomDensity of fluid in kg/m in the annular pipe3(ii) a Q is the through flow in the annular pipe, m3/s；fDCA fluid separation coefficient for an annular conduit; a. thelIs the cut-off area, m, of the annular duct2；
Wherein the on-way loss coefficient lambda is determined by the flow state, and the expression of the on-way loss coefficient lambda is as follows:
wherein Re is Reynolds number;
wherein, the expression of the local loss coefficient ζ is as follows:
wherein R is the diameter of the contracted section; theta is a branch included angle;
wherein the fluid separation coefficient f of the annular conduitDCThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, ρmixIs the density of mixed fluid in the annular pipeline, m/s2；ρcalDensity in the standard state; mu.scalIs the viscosity in the standard state; mu.smixIs the hybrid hydrodynamic viscosity, m2/s；
Where ρ ismix＝α0ρ0+αwρw+αgρg(ii) a In the formula, alpha0The ratio of the mixed fluid oil flow is; rho0Is the density of the oil flow fluid in the annular pipeline, m/s2；αwThe ratio of the mixed fluid water flow is; rhowIs the density of water flow fluid in the annular pipeline, m/s2；αgThe gas volume ratio of the mixed fluid is; rhogIs the density of gas fluid in the annular pipeline in m/s2；
Wherein, mumix＝α0μ0+αwμw+αgμg(ii) a In the formula, mu0Is the hydrodynamic viscosity, m, of the oil flow in the annular pipe2/s；μwIs the hydrodynamic viscosity, m, of the water flow in the annular pipeline2/s；μgIs the hydrodynamic viscosity, m, of gas in an annular pipeline2/s；
Wherein the launder pressure drop Δ pSThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, CDSIs a launder pressure loss coefficient; a. theSIs the cross-sectional area of the launder;
wherein the pressure loss coefficient of the launder CDSThe expression of (a) is:
in the formula, KSinAnd KSoutIn connection with sudden expansion and contraction of the annular duct; kSinIs the sudden expansion coefficient of the annular duct; kSoutIs the sudden shrinkage factor of the annular duct; lSIs the length of the launder; dSIs the diameter of the launder;
wherein, KSinAnd KSoutAre respectively:
in the formula, ASinIs the inlet area of the launder, m2；ASoutIs the outlet area of the launder, m2。
7. An adaptive flow control water device for a gas well, which is designed according to the design method of any one of claims 1 to 6 and comprises a circular control chamber, a fluid inlet communicated with the control chamber and a fluid outlet positioned at the center of the control chamber, wherein an outer annular baffle and an inner annular baffle are arranged in the circular cavity of the control chamber; an outer flow passage is formed between the outer annular baffle and the control chamber, a middle flow passage is formed between the outer annular baffle and the inner annular baffle, and an inner flow passage is formed in the inner annular baffle; the outer annular baffle and the inner annular baffle are respectively composed of two arc-shaped plates with the same shape, and each arc-shaped plate is provided with a first end and a second end;
the inner wall of the arc-shaped plate is inclined towards the outer wall at the first end to form an inner inclined wall, the outer wall of the arc-shaped plate is inclined towards the inner wall at the second end to form an outer inclined wall, the outer inclined wall is parallel to the inner inclined wall, and the length of the outer inclined wall is smaller than that of the inner inclined wall;
the first end of one arc plate of the outer annular baffle plate is opposite to the second end of the other arc plate of the outer annular baffle plate, and two parallel outer annular fluid inlets are formed; the first end of one of the arc plates of the inner annular baffle plate is opposite to the second end of the other arc plate and forms two parallel inner annular fluid inlets.
8. The adaptive flow control water device for gas wells according to claim 7, wherein the fluid inlet comprises a main flow passage and a branch flow passage, the main flow passage is tangent to the outer wall of the control chamber, an included angle is formed between the branch flow passage and the main flow passage and is an acute angle, the branch flow passage is communicated with the main flow passage and the control chamber, and the cross-sectional area of the branch flow passage is larger than that of the main flow passage.
9. The gas well adaptive flow control water device according to claim 7, wherein the fluid inlets are two and are symmetrically arranged in the circumferential direction of the control chamber.
10. The gas well adaptive flow control water device as recited in claim 7, wherein a line connecting the first ends of the two arc-shaped plates of the outer annular baffle and a line connecting the first ends of the two arc-shaped plates of the inner annular baffle form a preset included angle.
11. The adaptive flow control water device for the gas well as claimed in claim 8, wherein an included angle formed by the flow direction of the fluid flowing into the outer flow channel from the main flow channel and the flow direction of the fluid at the fluid inlet of the outer ring is an acute angle; the included angle formed by the flow direction of the fluid flowing into the outer flow channel from the branch flow channel and the flow direction of the fluid at the outer ring fluid inlet is an obtuse angle.
12. The gas well adaptive flow control water device according to claim 8, wherein the distance between the outer ring fluid inlet and the branch flow channel is smaller than the distance between the outer ring fluid inlet and the main flow channel, and the outer ring fluid inlet and the inlet of the branch flow channel into the control chamber are not coincident.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811434652.0A CN111322036B (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2018-11-28 | Gas well self-adaptive flow control water device and design method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811434652.0A CN111322036B (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2018-11-28 | Gas well self-adaptive flow control water device and design method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111322036A CN111322036A (en) | 2020-06-23 |
| CN111322036B true CN111322036B (en) | 2022-02-08 |
Family
ID=71166561
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811434652.0A Active CN111322036B (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2018-11-28 | Gas well self-adaptive flow control water device and design method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111322036B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112343554B (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-11-04 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Water control device for light crude oil |
| CN113062711B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-04-22 | 西南石油大学 | A multi-channel swirl automatic liquid control device |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103806881A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-21 | 东北石油大学 | Branched flow channel type self-adaptation inflow control device |
| CN105593460A (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2016-05-18 | 界标制图有限公司 | Algorithm for optimal ICD configuration using a coupled wellbore-reservoir model |
| CN105808793A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Horizontal well staged fracturing numerical simulation method based on unstructured grid |
| CN206753556U (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-12-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of floating disc control water resistance device of air and oil well adjust stream oil extraction system with control water |
| CN108166952A (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2018-06-15 | 北京合力奇点科技有限公司 | The adaptive tune flow control water extracting device of oil that can actively adjust |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8527100B2 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2013-09-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of providing a flow control device that substantially reduces fluid flow between a formation and a wellbore when a selected property of the fluid is in a selected range |
| US9631461B2 (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2017-04-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Well flow control with multi-stage restriction |
| US10597984B2 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2020-03-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Inflow control device |
| US10698980B2 (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2020-06-30 | John Michael Snider, SR. | Methods for constructing surfaces for optimizing fluid flow |
| US20170336811A1 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-23 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Flow control device design for well completions in an oilfield |
-
2018
- 2018-11-28 CN CN201811434652.0A patent/CN111322036B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105593460A (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2016-05-18 | 界标制图有限公司 | Algorithm for optimal ICD configuration using a coupled wellbore-reservoir model |
| CN103806881A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-21 | 东北石油大学 | Branched flow channel type self-adaptation inflow control device |
| CN105808793A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Horizontal well staged fracturing numerical simulation method based on unstructured grid |
| CN206753556U (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-12-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of floating disc control water resistance device of air and oil well adjust stream oil extraction system with control water |
| CN108166952A (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2018-06-15 | 北京合力奇点科技有限公司 | The adaptive tune flow control water extracting device of oil that can actively adjust |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 《水平井砾石充填调流控水筛管完井技术》;赵旭 等;《石油钻探技术》;20170731;第45卷(第4期);第65-69页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111322036A (en) | 2020-06-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Kopparthy et al. | Numerical investigations of turbulent single-phase and two-phase flows in a diffuser | |
| Shi et al. | Numerical investigation of two-phase flow characteristics in multiphase pump with split vane impellers | |
| CN105181384B (en) | A kind of biphase gas and liquid flow proportional sampler | |
| CN111322036B (en) | Gas well self-adaptive flow control water device and design method thereof | |
| CN208611854U (en) | A kind of biphase gas and liquid flow distribution control device | |
| CN111119790A (en) | Equal-dryness separate injection valve for segmented steam injection of thermal recovery horizontal well | |
| CN101554541A (en) | Complex T-shaped pipe separator for multi-phase flow separation and separation method thereof | |
| CN111760445A (en) | A kind of desulfurization tower flow field simulation method | |
| Liu et al. | Numerical investigation of the inner flow in a centrifugal pump at the shut-off condition | |
| Zhao et al. | Hydrodynamic characteristics of lateral withdrawal with effects of the slope ratio | |
| CN107288579A (en) | A kind of horizontal well automatic water control valve | |
| CN105727841A (en) | Gas-liquid two-phase flow uniform distributor with adjustable distribution ratio | |
| Li et al. | Formation and influencing factors of free surface vortex in a barrel with a central orifice at bottom | |
| CN210243060U (en) | Double-differential pressure gas-liquid two-phase flow measuring device based on segmental orifice plate | |
| Hajiahmadi et al. | Experimental study of flow characteristics in vortex drop shaft | |
| RU2531090C1 (en) | Method to test gas separators on gas-liquid mixtures and method for its realisation | |
| CN112832723B (en) | Self-adaptive water control device for gas well and design method thereof | |
| CN115653570A (en) | Shaft-sliding sleeve-reservoir coupled flow inflow dynamic prediction method and system | |
| CN216247116U (en) | An experimental system for online analysis of two-phase flow patterns in gathering and transportation risers | |
| CN110261062B (en) | Drag reducer screening and evaluating device and using method | |
| CN204785578U (en) | Well head metering device and oil well measurement system | |
| CN109058632A (en) | AICD water control device | |
| Wright et al. | Prototype and laboratory low-level outlet air demand comparison for small-to-medium-sized embankment dams | |
| Sun et al. | Investigation of flow measurement mechanism and hydraulic characteristics of the NACA airfoil pillar-shaped flume with different wing lengths in a rectangular channel | |
| RU2647175C1 (en) | Method of gas-separators testing on gas-liquid mixtures and bench for its implementation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |