CN110927003A - Method for detecting total sulfur in water - Google Patents
Method for detecting total sulfur in water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110927003A CN110927003A CN201911112332.8A CN201911112332A CN110927003A CN 110927003 A CN110927003 A CN 110927003A CN 201911112332 A CN201911112332 A CN 201911112332A CN 110927003 A CN110927003 A CN 110927003A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- total sulfur
- sample
- coal
- medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 102000018832 Cytochromes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010052832 Cytochromes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
A method for detecting total sulfur in water comprises the following steps: firstly, two parts of coal samples of intermediate medium with equal weight and constant total sulfur are selected, and the weight of the coal samples of intermediate medium is GMediumOne part of the sulfur content is measured by accurately measuring the medium dry base total sulfur S directly by GB/T214-2007 method for measuring total sulfur in coalMediumMixing the other coal sample with a water sample to be detected to obtain a water coal sample with the weight of GWater (W)The weight ratio of the coal sample to the water sample is 10: (3-5) placing the water-coal sample in a forced air drying oven with the internal temperature of 105-110 ℃, drying the water-coal sample in air flow until the quality is constant, and accurately measuring the total sulfur S of the water-coal sample drying base by adopting GB/T214-2007 method for measuring the total sulfur in coalMixing ofFinally, calculating to obtain the total sulfur content S in the water sampleWater (W)(ii) a Calculating the total sulfur content SWater (W)The formula of (a): sWater (W)＝(GMedium*SMixing of‑GMedium*SMedium)/GWater (W). The detection method can accurately and reliably detect the total sulfur content in the water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection of sulfur in environment, and particularly relates to a method for detecting total sulfur in water.
Background
Total sulfur is a generic term for organic, inorganic, and elemental sulfur. In industrial production, sulfur has more or less influence on enterprises, so that the sulfur content in water and waste water for enterprises is widely concerned. The sulfur in the water body exists in the form of sulfur compounds, the sulfur compounds have strong chemical action on a plurality of metal ions in metabolism in organisms, for example, sulfide in the sulfur compounds has strong corrosion action on plant rhizomes, and even the concentration of the sulfide in the drinking water is as low as 0.07 mu g/L, the sulfur compounds can influence the taste of the water. When the concentration of sulfide in the water body reaches 0.15 mu g/L, the growth of newly released fry and the survival of roe are influenced. The sulfide in water is easy to escape into the air to generate odor, has high toxicity, and can react with human cytochrome, oxidase and disulfide bonds in the substances to influence the oxidation process of cells, so that the oxygen deficiency of cell tissues is caused, and the life of a human is endangered. The sulfide in water can release hydrogen sulfide, and the hydrogen sulfide can corrode metal and can be oxidized into sulfuric acid by microorganisms in sewage to corrode a sewer and the like. Other forms of sulfur compounds are also important hazardous substances for water pollution and water ecosystems.
At present, most of the existing detection technologies aim at measuring compounds of a certain class of sulfur, but an accurate and reliable detection method for total sulfur in water is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting total sulfur in water, which can accurately and reliably detect the total sulfur content in water.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for detecting total sulfur in water, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, two parts of coal samples of intermediate medium with equal weight and constant total sulfur are selected, and the weight of the coal samples of intermediate medium is GMediumOne part of the sulfur content is measured by accurately measuring the medium dry base total sulfur S directly by GB/T214-2007 method for measuring total sulfur in coalMediumMixing the other coal sample with a water sample to be detected to obtain a water coal sample with the weight of GWater (W)The weight ratio of the coal sample to the water sample is 10: (3-5) placing the water-coal sample in an air-blast drying box with the internal temperature of 105-110 ℃, drying the water-coal sample in air flow until the quality is constant, and then accurately measuring the total sulfur S of the dry basis of the water-coal sample by adopting GB/T214-2007 method for measuring the total sulfur in coalMixing ofFinally, calculating the total sulfur content S in the water sample by a material balance methodWater (W)(ii) a Calculating the total sulfur content SWater (W)The formula of (a): sWater (W)＝(GMedium*SMixing of-GMedium*SMedium)/GWater (W)。
Further, adding a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide when the other coal sample is mixed with a water sample to be detected, wherein the mass ratio of the hydrogen peroxide to the water sample is 1: 2.
preferably, the hydrogen peroxide is industrial hydrogen peroxide meeting the national standard GB/T1616-.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the coal sample to the water sample is 10: 4.
preferably, the water coal sample is dried in a forced air drying oven with an internal temperature of 108 ℃.
The invention discloses a method for determining total sulfur in water, which is simple and feasible to operate and reliable in resultMixing ofWith medium-drying base of total sulfur SMediumAccurately obtaining the total sulfur content S in the water sample by the differenceWater (W)The measurement result is accurate, the operation is simple and convenient, and the measurement result meets the precision requirement; in addition, the method has no requirement on a water sample, and can be widely applied to water sample detection in the environment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example one
A method for detecting total sulfur in water comprises the following steps:
firstly, two parts of coal samples of intermediate medium with equal weight and constant total sulfur are selected, and the weight of the coal samples of intermediate medium is GMedium100g, one part of the sulfur is directly and accurately measured according to GB/T214-2007 method for measuring total sulfur in coalMedium0.32%, mixing another coal sample with the water sample to be detected to obtain water coal sample, and preventing S2-The hydrolysis volatilization prevents the loss of sulfur dioxide and other gas sulfides in the drying process, and adds a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide into the water sample, wherein the mass ratio of the hydrogen peroxide to the water sample is 1: 2, the hydrogen peroxide is industrial hydrogen peroxide meeting the national standard GB/T1616-Water (W)30g, the weight ratio of the coal sample to the water sample is 10: 3, placing the water coal sample in a blast drying oven with the internal temperature of 105 ℃,drying in air flow until the mass is constant, and accurately measuring the total sulfur S of the dry base of the water coal sample according to GB/T214-2007 method for measuring the total sulfur in coalMixing of0.36 percent, and finally calculating the total sulfur content S in the water sample by a material balance methodWater (W)＝0.133％。
Example two
A method for detecting total sulfur in water comprises the following steps:
firstly, two parts of coal samples of intermediate medium with equal weight and constant total sulfur are selected, and the weight of the coal samples of intermediate medium is GMedium100g, one part of the sulfur is directly and accurately measured according to GB/T214-2007 method for measuring total sulfur in coalMedium0.32%, mixing another coal sample with the water sample to be detected to obtain water coal sample, and preventing S2-The hydrolysis volatilization prevents the loss of sulfur dioxide and other gas sulfides in the drying process, and adds a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide into the water sample, wherein the mass ratio of the hydrogen peroxide to the water sample is 1: 2, the hydrogen peroxide is industrial hydrogen peroxide meeting the national standard GB/T1616-Water (W)The weight ratio of the coal sample to the water sample is 10: 4, placing the water coal sample in a blast drying oven with the internal temperature of 108 ℃, drying the water coal sample in air flow until the quality is constant, and then accurately measuring the total sulfur S of the dry base of the water coal sample by using GB/T214-2007 method for measuring the total sulfur in coalMixing of0.372%, and finally calculating the total sulfur content S in the water sample by a material balance methodWater (W)＝0.130％。
EXAMPLE III
A method for detecting total sulfur in water comprises the following steps:
firstly, two parts of coal samples of intermediate medium with equal weight and constant total sulfur are selected, and the weight of the coal samples of intermediate medium is GMedium100g, one part of the sulfur is directly used for accurately measuring the medium dry base total sulfur S according to GB/T214-2007 determination method of total sulfur in coalMedium0.32%, mixing another coal sample with the water sample to be detected to obtain water coal sample, and preventing S2-Hydrolyzing and volatilizing to prevent loss of sulfur dioxide and other gas sulfide during drying, and adding certain amount of hydrogen peroxide and peroxyThe mass ratio of the hydrogen hydride to the water sample is 1: 2, the hydrogen peroxide is industrial hydrogen peroxide meeting the national standard GB/T1616-Water (W)The weight ratio of the coal sample to the water sample is 50 g: 5, placing the water coal sample in an air-blast drying oven with the internal temperature of 110 ℃, drying the water coal sample in air flow until the quality is constant, and then accurately measuring the total sulfur S of the dry basis of the water coal sample according to GB/T214-2007 method for measuring the total sulfur in coalMixing of0.385 percent, and finally calculating the total sulfur content S in the water sample by a material balance methodWater (W)＝0.130％。
Accuracy and reliability verification
GB/T214-2007 determination method of total sulfur in coal is adopted to accurately measure medium dry base total sulfur SMediumThe concentration of the standard water sample is 0.32%, four groups of standard water samples of total sulfur with different concentration levels are selected as shown in the following table 1, the precision is calculated according to the measurement result by adopting the method, and the detection result is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results and measurement errors of different water samples
As can be seen from Table 1, the relative standard deviation of the method of the invention is very small, the precision is very good, and the measurement result meets the precision requirement; in addition, the method has no requirement on a water sample, and can be widely applied to water sample detection in the environment.
Claims (5)
1. A method for detecting total sulfur in water is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, two parts of coal samples of intermediate medium with equal weight and constant total sulfur are selected, and the weight of the coal samples of intermediate medium is GMediumOne part of the sulfur content is measured by accurately measuring the medium dry base total sulfur S directly by GB/T214-2007 method for measuring total sulfur in coalMediumMixing another coal sample with the water sample to be detected to obtain a water coal sample and waterSample weight of GWater (W)The weight ratio of the coal sample to the water sample is 10: (3-5) placing the water-coal sample in an air-blast drying box with the internal temperature of 105-110 ℃, drying the water-coal sample in air flow until the quality is constant, and accurately measuring the total sulfur S of the dry basis of the water-coal sample according to GB/T214-2007 method for measuring the total sulfur in coalMixing ofFinally, calculating the total sulfur content S in the water sample by a material balance methodWater (W)(ii) a Calculating the total sulfur content SWater (W)The formula of (a): sWater (W)＝(GMedium*SMixing of-GMedium*SMedium)/GWater (W)。
2. The method for detecting total sulfur in water according to claim 1, wherein a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide is added when another coal sample is mixed with a water sample to be detected, and the mass ratio of the hydrogen peroxide to the water sample is 1: 2.
3. the method for detecting total sulfur in water as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hydrogen peroxide is industrial hydrogen peroxide meeting national standard GB/T1616-2014.
4. The method for detecting total sulfur in water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of the coal sample to the water sample is 10: 4.
5. the method for detecting the total sulfur in the water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water coal sample is dried in an air-blast drying oven with the internal temperature of 108 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911112332.8A CN110927003A (en) | 2019-11-14 | 2019-11-14 | Method for detecting total sulfur in water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911112332.8A CN110927003A (en) | 2019-11-14 | 2019-11-14 | Method for detecting total sulfur in water |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110927003A true CN110927003A (en) | 2020-03-27 |
Family
ID=69852990
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911112332.8A Pending CN110927003A (en) | 2019-11-14 | 2019-11-14 | Method for detecting total sulfur in water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110927003A (en) |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4248598A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1981-02-03 | Blunck Otto H | Process and apparatus for the determination of the contents of organically bound carbon in water containing organic substances and a high concentration of salts |
| US5324666A (en) * | 1988-08-13 | 1994-06-28 | Siepmann Friedrich W | Process for determining oxidizable substances contained in an aqueous sample liquid |
| CN1311433A (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-05 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Method for measuring total active sulfur in petroleum fractions |
| JP2004170339A (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-17 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Method for measuring concentration of sulfur oxides in mixed gas containing chlorine and sulfur oxides |
| CN103543239A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-29 | 大连大公环境检测有限公司 | Method for detecting sulfide in wastewater |
| CN103728360A (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-04-16 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Method for determining content of total sulfur in biomass fuel |
| CN104062397A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-24 | 北京东方建宇混凝土科学技术研究院有限公司 | Measuring method for MB value of recycled micro-powder |
| CN104807949A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-07-29 | 长春黄金研究院 | Determination method for total sulfur in water quality |
| CN107328906A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-07 | 山东省城市供排水水质监测中心 | The assay method of total organic content in a kind of water |
| CN107589036A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-01-16 | 贵州金洋检测工程有限公司 | Test methods of sulphur contents in a kind of water quality |
| CN107782638A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-09 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业（集团）股份有限公司 | The method for detecting total dissolved solid content in water |
-
2019
- 2019-11-14 CN CN201911112332.8A patent/CN110927003A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4248598A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1981-02-03 | Blunck Otto H | Process and apparatus for the determination of the contents of organically bound carbon in water containing organic substances and a high concentration of salts |
| US5324666A (en) * | 1988-08-13 | 1994-06-28 | Siepmann Friedrich W | Process for determining oxidizable substances contained in an aqueous sample liquid |
| CN1311433A (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-05 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Method for measuring total active sulfur in petroleum fractions |
| JP2004170339A (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-17 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Method for measuring concentration of sulfur oxides in mixed gas containing chlorine and sulfur oxides |
| CN103543239A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-29 | 大连大公环境检测有限公司 | Method for detecting sulfide in wastewater |
| CN103728360A (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-04-16 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Method for determining content of total sulfur in biomass fuel |
| CN104062397A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-24 | 北京东方建宇混凝土科学技术研究院有限公司 | Measuring method for MB value of recycled micro-powder |
| CN104807949A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-07-29 | 长春黄金研究院 | Determination method for total sulfur in water quality |
| CN107589036A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-01-16 | 贵州金洋检测工程有限公司 | Test methods of sulphur contents in a kind of water quality |
| CN107328906A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-07 | 山东省城市供排水水质监测中心 | The assay method of total organic content in a kind of water |
| CN107782638A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-09 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业（集团）股份有限公司 | The method for detecting total dissolved solid content in water |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| S. MARGIOTTA , S. NEGRI: "Stratigraphic and geophysical integrated methodologies for the interpretation of sulphur water formational environment in Salento (Italy)", 《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY》 * |
| 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局中国国家标准化管理委员会: "《中华人民共和国国家标准》", 1 June 2008 * |
| 傅丛: "水煤浆中全硫的测定方法研究", 《洁净煤技术》 * |
| 冯晓敏: "三元污水中悬浮固体测定方法", 《油气田地面工程》 * |
| 武增礼等: "库仑法测定全硫中有证标准物质的使用方法", 《煤质技术》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Li et al. | The rapid chemically induced corrosion of concrete sewers at high H2S concentration | |
| Joseph et al. | Surface neutralization and H2S oxidation at early stages of sewer corrosion: Influence of temperature, relative humidity and H2S concentration | |
| Iannotti et al. | A quantitative respirometric method for monitoring compost stability | |
| Tabatabai | Soil organic matter testing: An overview | |
| Schreiber et al. | Nitric oxide and nitrous oxide turnover in natural and engineered microbial communities: biological pathways, chemical reactions, and novel technologies | |
| Vollertsen et al. | Corrosion of concrete sewers—The kinetics of hydrogen sulfide oxidation | |
| CN102207446B (en) | Test method for simulating the corrosion process of low alloy steel in marine industrial atmospheric environment | |
| Shahpoury et al. | Inter-comparison of oxidative potential metrics for airborne particles identifies differences between acellular chemical assays | |
| CN112098348B (en) | Total phosphorus turbidity compensation method applied to online monitoring of high turbidity water bodies | |
| CN102507473A (en) | Method for eliminating interference of original matter in sewage on ammonia nitrogen water quality on-line monitor | |
| Angelova et al. | Comparative study of the methods for the determination of organic carbon and organic matter in soils, compost and sludge | |
| CN109490397A (en) | A kind of addition active carbon is quick to measure SO in coal ash3The method of content | |
| CN101290311A (en) | Calibration method of industrial composition and calorific value of coal quality in power plants | |
| JPWO2014064985A1 (en) | Unified quantitative system for carbon and nitrogen using calibration curves with organic compounds | |
| CN110927003A (en) | Method for detecting total sulfur in water | |
| WO2023005026A1 (en) | New method for determining degradable organic carbon (doc) indexes of sludge | |
| CN107703088A (en) | Carbon, the assay method of sulfur content in a kind of chrome ore | |
| CN102221530B (en) | Method for automatically analyzing sulfide in water sample | |
| CN106885767A (en) | A kind of method for detecting the resistance to sulfidation corrosion of concrete | |
| CN102156091A (en) | Method for quickly detecting corrosion resisting property of sulfuric acid dew point corrosion resistant steel | |
| Hellinga et al. | The potential of off-gas analyses for monitoring wastewater treatment plants | |
| CN117540533B (en) | Sewage pipe network carbon emission intensity calculation method based on anaerobic reaction theory | |
| CN102288599B (en) | Associative colorimetric measuring method for total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD) | |
| CN113917106A (en) | Simple method for calculating free silica in power coal | |
| Zeuthen | A sensitive'Cartesian diver'balance |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| AD01 | Patent right deemed abandoned |
Effective date of abandoning: 20230728 |
|
| AD01 | Patent right deemed abandoned |