CN110846090A - Pyrolysis gasification unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application discloses a cracking gasification device, comprising: a cracking gasifier, including a combustible gas outlet; a catalytic reforming tank, which is communicated with the combustible gas outlet through a pipeline, and is used for treating the gas in the combustible gas from the cracking gasifier. The tar is catalytically reformed, and the catalytic reforming tank includes a reformed gas outlet; a buffer tank; a water cooling tower; a first filtering and purification tank; a desulfurization tower; an air cooling tower; a second filtering and purification tank; and a water vapor separator. The pyrolysis gasification device of the present application mainly reforms and disposes the tar in the combustible gas through a catalytic reforming tank, and through further operations such as cooling and purification, a relatively pure combustible gas can be obtained, which is more suitable for generating electricity with an internal combustion engine .

Description

Pyrolysis gasification unit

technical field

The invention relates to the field of garbage disposal, in particular to a pyrolysis gasification device.

Background technique

In the prior art, the waste is cracked and gasified by a cracking gasifier to form solid slag and gaseous combustible gas, which can be used for internal combustion engine power generation and energy utilization.

The combustible gas produced by pyrolysis gasification will contain a certain amount of tar. The composition of tar is complex, the oxygen content is high, and it has a pungent odor. The existence of tar will seriously affect the normal operation of the equipment, and will cause serious harm to the environment and human health. . It is difficult to remove the tar in the general water washing purification process. Therefore, the use of the combustible gas produced by the pyrolysis gasification for the internal combustion engine power generation causes serious damage to the internal combustion engine and affects the entire process of continuous power generation. In addition, a large amount of tar takes away a large amount of energy, which seriously affects the energy utilization efficiency of the entire waste gasification

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above problems, the present invention overcomes at least one deficiency, and proposes a pyrolysis gasification device.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows:

A pyrolysis gasification device, comprising:

A pyrolysis gasifier, which is used for the pyrolysis and gasification of garbage, and the pyrolysis and gasification of the garbage into combustible gas and slag, and the pyrolysis gasifier includes a combustible gas outlet;

a catalytic reforming tank, communicated with the combustible gas outlet through a pipeline, and used for catalytically reforming the tar in the combustible gas from the cracking gasifier, and the catalytic reforming tank includes a reformed gas outlet;

a buffer tank, the air inlet is communicated with the reformed gas outlet, and is used for buffering the gas from the catalytic reforming tank;

Water cooling tower, the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the buffer tank, and is used to indirectly cool the gas from the buffer tank through circulating water;

The first filter and purification tank includes a first spray system, the air inlet of the first filter and purification tank is communicated with the air outlet of the water cooling tower, the first spray system is used for spraying water, and the water is washed and purified from the water cooling tower. tower gas;

a desulfurization tower, the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the first filter and purification tank, and is used for desulfurizing the gas from the first filter and purification tank;

Air cooling tower, the air inlet is connected with the air outlet of the desulfurization tower, which is used to further cool the gas from the desulfurization tower;

The second filter and purification tank includes activated carbon, and the air inlet of the second filter and purification tank is communicated with the air outlet of the air cooling tower;

In the water vapor separator, the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the second filter and purification tank, and is used for separating water vapor from the gas from the second filter and purification tank.

The pyrolysis gasification device of the present application mainly reforms and disposes the tar in the combustible gas through a catalytic reforming tank, and through further operations such as cooling and purification, a relatively pure combustible gas can be obtained, which is more suitable for generating electricity with an internal combustion engine .

In practical application, the pyrolysis gasifier also includes a feeding device and a slag discharging device, and a safety valve is also provided on the upper part or the top.

In actual use, the buffer tank can also be equipped with a convection structure to cool the gas through convection air. In practice, preferably, the water cooling tower cools the gas to 45°C to 55°C. The first filter and purification tank of the present application can better remove tar and dust in the gas through the first spray system, and the water left by the first spray can be recycled after being separated from oil and water. The air-cooling tower of the present application can further reduce the gas temperature by using the natural air of the air to make it close to the air temperature; the adsorption effect of the activated carbon in the second filter purification tank can further purify the gas; The vapor components are separated to improve the quality of combustible gas.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the catalytic reforming tank includes a tank body, the side wall of the tank body has a combustible gas receiving port, an air injection port, a steam injection port and a reformed gas outlet, and a catalyst bed is also installed in the tank body, The catalyst bed has a nickel-based foam ceramic catalyst, the combustible gas receiving port, the air injection port and the steam injection port are located above the catalyst bed, and the reformed gas outlet is located above the catalyst bed.

The tar in combustible gas can be catalytically reformed by nickel-based ceramic foam. In the gasification process of tar, a proper amount of air is introduced to burn the carbon on the surface of the catalyst and ensure that the temperature in the reactor is maintained within a certain range, which can inhibit the further formation of carbon deposits and prolong the service life of the catalyst. In the present application, water vapor is used as the gasification agent, and the introduction of an appropriate amount of water vapor is beneficial to improve the gasification efficiency.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the tank body has a thermal insulation layer, and a temperature sensor is installed on the catalyst.

Setting the thermal insulation layer can keep warm and reduce heat loss, and setting a temperature sensor is used to detect and control the temperature in the entire catalytic reforming tank. In actual application, the heat source of the catalytic reforming tank mainly comes from the external heat source, and the heat source of the pyrolysis gasifier burning garbage can also be fully utilized.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the air injection port is used to inject air obliquely upward, the steam injection port is used to inject steam obliquely upward, and both the air injection port and the steam injection port are located below the combustible gas receiving port. , the combustible gas receiving port is used for horizontal injection of combustible gas from the cracking gasifier.

This arrangement allows for adequate mixing of air, steam and combustible gas into the catalyst bed.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the lower part of the tank body gradually shrinks, and the lowermost end has a solid slag discharge port.

The work of the catalytic reforming tank will produce solid slag and tar, which can be gathered at the solid slag discharge port through the gradual shrinkage of the lower part. In practice, the solid slag discharge port is opened regularly to discharge the solid slag and tar.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst loading is 3%-4%; the equivalence coefficient of the air injected by the air injection port is 0-0.4; the reaction temperature at the catalyst bed is controlled at 700-750°C.

The catalyst loading of 3% to 4% means that the mass ratio of the catalyst to the catalyst bed is 3% to 4%; the equivalence coefficient of the air injected by the air injection port refers to the amount of air actually provided during the tar gasification process. Ratio of air consumption to complete combustion. The catalyst loading is 3% to 4%, so that the catalytic reforming of the tar in the cracked gas has higher activity and better stability. When the excess air is introduced, a large amount of nitrogen enters the reactor with the air. The nitrogen not only does not participate in the reaction but also takes away part of the heat, which reduces the surface temperature of the catalyst bed and affects the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst. In addition, the excess air consumed _H2 and CO2 in the reactor, resulting in a rapid decrease in gas calorific value and _H2 content, while a large increase in _CO2 . Therefore, the air equivalence coefficient of the air injection port is 0-0.4, preferably 0.15. In practical application, it is preferred that S/C=1, that is, the mass ratio of the reaction substrate tar to the catalyst is 1, and the tar content is an empirical value. The temperature of the gas from the pyrolysis gasifier is around 800°C, and after a proper amount of air and water vapor is introduced, the reaction temperature in the catalytic reforming tank is 700°C to 750°C, preferably 700°C. Through the control of the above parameters, it is possible to control the discharge of combustible gas components from the reformed gas outlet and to effectively remove the tar in the gas.

By controlling key parameters such as catalyst, air equivalent, S/C ratio, and reaction temperature in the catalytic reforming process of the tar of the present application, the composition of combustible gas can be optimized, the calorific value of combustible gas is higher, and the impurity content is higher. Low.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there are multiple desulfurization towers, which are connected in sequence. One end of the desulfurization tower is connected to the first filter and purification tank, and the other end of the desulfurization tower is connected to the air cooling tower.

Multiple desulfurization towers are designed to improve purification.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there are a plurality of the second filter and purification tanks, which are connected in sequence. The second filter and purification tank at one end is connected to the air cooling tower, and the second filter and purification tank at the other end is connected to the water vapor separator. .

The design of the plurality of second filter and purification tanks is to improve the purification effect.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the desulfurization tower includes a second spray system, and the second spray system is used for spraying potassium hydroxide solution.

The sulfur-containing pollutants in the cracked gas of domestic garbage are mainly sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Sulfur dioxide may be generated during combustion. Hydrogen sulfide is the main component of the rotten smell of garbage and is a flammable gas. The gas is sprayed by the desulfurization tower, and sulfur dioxide is dissolved in water to form sulfurous acid, and reacts with potassium hydroxide to form potassium sulfate completely dissolved in water.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis gasifier includes a furnace body, and an upper portion or top of the furnace body has a material injection port.

The solid slag and tar discharged from the catalytic reforming tank, the tar separated from the water cooling tower and the first filter and purification tank, and the activated carbon in the second filter and purification tank (the components adsorbed by the activated carbon are also combustible and crackable) can selectively pass through The injection port is put into the cracking gasifier to carry out the cracking and gasification process again.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the pyrolysis gasification device of the present application mainly reforms and disposes the tar in the combustible gas through a catalytic reforming tank, and can obtain relatively pure combustible gas through further operations such as cooling and purification, It is more suitable for generating electricity with an internal combustion engine.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the cracking gasification device of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figure are:

1. Cracking gasifier; 2. Catalytic reforming tank; 3. Buffer tank; 4. Water-cooling tower; 5. First filtration and purification tank; 6. Desulfurization tower; 7. Air-cooled tower; 8. Second filtration and purification tank ;9, water vapor separator; 10, feeding device; 11, slagging device; 12, combustible gas outlet; 13, material injection port; 14, safety valve; 15, combustible gas receiving port; 16, reformed gas outlet; 17. Air jetting port; 18. Steam jetting port; 19. Temperature sensor; 20. Catalyst bed; 21. Insulation layer; 22. Tank body; 23. Solid slag discharge port.

Detailed ways:

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, a pyrolysis gasification device includes:

The pyrolysis gasifier 1 is used for the pyrolysis and gasification of garbage, and the garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified into combustible gas and slag, and the pyrolysis gasifier 1 includes a combustible gas outlet 12;

The catalytic reforming tank 2 is communicated with the combustible gas outlet 12 through a pipeline, and is used to catalytically reform the tar in the combustible gas from the cracking gasifier 1, and the catalytic reforming tank 2 includes a reformed gas outlet 16;

The buffer tank 3, the air inlet is communicated with the reformed gas outlet 16, for buffering the gas from the catalytic reforming tank 2;

The water cooling tower 4, the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the buffer tank 3, is used for indirectly cooling the gas from the buffer tank 3 through circulating water;

The first filter and purification tank 5 includes a first spray system, the air inlet of the first filter and purification tank 5 is connected with the air outlet of the water cooling tower 4, the first spray system is used for spraying water, and the water is washed and purified from the water cooling tower. 4 gas;

The desulfurization tower 6, the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the first filter and purification tank 5, and is used for desulfurizing the gas from the first filter and purification tank 5;

The air cooling tower 7, the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the desulfurization tower 6, for further cooling the gas from the desulfurization tower 6;

The second filter and purification tank 8 includes activated carbon, and the air inlet of the second filter and purification tank 8 is communicated with the air outlet of the air cooling tower 7;

In the water vapor separator 9 , the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the second filter and purification tank 8 , and is used to separate the water vapor from the gas from the second filter and purification tank 8 .

The pyrolysis gasification device of the present application mainly reforms and disposes the tar in the combustible gas through the catalytic reforming tank 2, and can obtain relatively pure combustible gas through further operations such as cooling and purification, which is more suitable for the use of internal combustion engines. generate electricity.

In practice, the cracking gasifier 1 further includes a feeding device 10 and a slagging device 11, and a safety valve 14 is also provided on the upper part or at the top.

In actual use, the buffer tank 3 can also be provided with a convection structure to cool the gas through convection air. In practical application, preferably, the water cooling tower 4 cools the gas to 45°C to 55°C. The first filter and purification tank 5 of the present application can better remove tar and dust in the gas through the first spray system, and the water left by the first spray can be recycled after being separated from oil and water. The air-cooling tower 7 of the present application can further reduce the gas temperature by using the natural air of the air to make it close to the air temperature; the adsorption effect of the second filter and purification tank 8 through the activated carbon can further purify the gas; The water vapor components in it are separated to improve the quality of combustible gas.

In this embodiment, the catalytic reforming tank 2 includes a tank body 22 , the side wall of the tank body 22 has a combustible gas receiving port 15 , an air injection port 17 , a steam injection port 18 and a reformed gas outlet 16 , and the tank body 22 is also installed. There is a catalyst bed 20, the catalyst bed 20 has a nickel-based foam ceramic catalyst, the combustible gas receiving port 15, the air injection port 17 and the steam injection port 18 are located above the catalyst bed 20, and the reformed gas outlet 16 is located above the catalyst bed 20.

The tar in combustible gas can be catalytically reformed by nickel-based ceramic foam. In the gasification process of tar, a proper amount of air is introduced to burn the carbon on the surface of the catalyst and ensure that the temperature in the reactor is maintained within a certain range, which can inhibit the further formation of carbon deposits and prolong the service life of the catalyst. In the present application, water vapor is used as the gasification agent, and the introduction of an appropriate amount of water vapor is beneficial to improve the gasification efficiency.

In this embodiment, the tank body 22 has a thermal insulation layer 21, and a temperature sensor 19 is installed on the catalyst.

The thermal insulation layer 21 is provided to keep the temperature warm and reduce heat loss, and the temperature sensor 19 is provided to detect and control the temperature in the entire catalytic reforming tank 2 . In actual application, the heat source of the catalytic reforming tank 2 mainly comes from an external heat source, and the heat source of the pyrolysis gasifier 1 for burning garbage can also be fully utilized.

In this embodiment, the air injection port 17 is used to inject air obliquely upward, and the steam injection port 18 is used to inject steam obliquely upward. Port 15 is used for horizontal injection of combustible gas from cracking gasifier 1 .

This arrangement enables the air, steam and combustible gas to be well mixed into the catalyst bed 20 .

In this embodiment, the lower part of the tank body 22 is gradually shrunk, and the lowest end has a solid slag discharge port 23 .

When the catalytic reforming tank 2 works, solid slag and tar will be generated, which can be gathered at the solid slag discharge port 23 through the gradual shrinkage of the lower part. In actual use, the solid slag discharge port 23 is opened regularly to discharge the solid slag and tar.

In this embodiment, the catalyst loading is 3%-4%; the equivalence coefficient of the air injected by the air injection port 17 is 0-0.4; the reaction temperature at the catalyst bed 20 is controlled at 700-750°C.

The catalyst loading of 3% to 4% means that the mass ratio of the catalyst to the catalyst bed 20 is 3% to 4%; the equivalence coefficient of the air injected by the air injection port 17 refers to the actual supply of The ratio of the amount of air to the amount of air consumed for complete combustion. The catalyst loading is 3% to 4%, so that the catalytic reforming of the tar in the cracked gas has higher activity and better stability. When the excess air is introduced, a large amount of nitrogen enters the reactor with the air. The nitrogen not only does not participate in the reaction but also takes away part of the heat, which reduces the surface temperature of the catalyst bed and affects the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst. In addition, the excess air consumes H2 and CO2 in the reactor, resulting in a rapid decrease in gas heating value and H2 content, while a large increase in CO2. Therefore, the air equivalence coefficient of the air injection port 17 is 0-0.4, preferably 0.15. In practical application, it is preferred that S/C=1, that is, the mass ratio of the reaction substrate tar to the catalyst is 1, and the tar content is an empirical value. The temperature of the gas from the pyrolysis gasifier 1 is about 800°C, and when an appropriate amount of air and water vapor is introduced, the reaction temperature in the catalytic reforming tank 2 is 700°C to 750°C, preferably 700°C. Through the control of the above parameters, it is possible to control the discharge of combustible gas components from the reformed gas outlet 16 and to effectively remove tar in the gas.

By controlling key parameters such as catalyst, air equivalent, S/C ratio, and reaction temperature in the catalytic reforming process of the tar of the present application, the composition of combustible gas can be optimized, the calorific value of combustible gas is higher, and the impurity content is higher. Low.

In this embodiment, there are a plurality of desulfurization towers 6, which are connected in sequence. One end of the desulfurization tower 6 is connected to the first filter and purification tank 5, and the other end of the desulfurization tower 6 is connected to the air cooling tower 7.

The multiple desulfurization towers 6 are designed to improve the purification effect.

In this embodiment, there are a plurality of second filtration and purification tanks 8, which are connected in sequence. One end of the second filtration and purification tank 8 is docked with the air cooling tower 7, and the other end of the second filtration and purification tank 8 is docked with the water vapor separator 9. .

The design of the plurality of second filtering and purification tanks 8 is to improve the purification effect.

In this embodiment, the desulfurization tower 6 includes a second spray system, and the second spray system is used for spraying potassium hydroxide solution.

The sulfur-containing pollutants in the cracked gas of domestic garbage are mainly sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Sulfur dioxide may be generated during combustion. Hydrogen sulfide is the main component of the rotten smell of garbage and is a flammable gas. The gas is sprayed by the desulfurization tower 6, and sulfur dioxide is dissolved in water to form sulfurous acid, and reacts with potassium hydroxide to form potassium sulfate that is completely dissolved in water.

In this embodiment, the cracking gasifier 1 includes a furnace body, and the upper part or top of the furnace body has a material injection port 13 . The solid slag and tar discharged from the catalytic reforming tank 2, the tar separated from the water cooling tower 4 and the first filter and purification tank 5, and the activated carbon in the second filter and purification tank 8 (the components adsorbed by the activated carbon are also combustible and crackable) can be It is selectively put into the cracking gasifier 1 through the injection port to carry out the cracking and gasification process again.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the contents of the description and accompanying drawings of the present invention can be directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields. All are similarly included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A pyrolysis gasification apparatus, comprising:

the pyrolysis gasification furnace is used for pyrolysis gasification of garbage and converting the garbage into combustible gas and slag, and comprises a combustible gas outlet;

the catalytic reforming tank is communicated with the combustible gas outlet through a pipeline and is used for carrying out catalytic reforming on tar in the combustible gas from the pyrolysis gasification furnace, and the catalytic reforming tank comprises a reformed gas outlet;

the gas inlet is communicated with the reformed gas outlet and is used for buffering the gas from the catalytic reforming tank;

the gas inlet of the water cooling tower is communicated with the gas outlet of the buffer tank and is used for indirectly cooling the gas from the buffer tank through circulating water;

the first filtering and purifying tank comprises a first spraying system, the gas inlet of the first filtering and purifying tank is communicated with the gas outlet of the water cooling tower, and the first spraying system is used for spraying water and purifying the gas from the water cooling tower through washing and washing;

the gas inlet of the desulfurizing tower is communicated with the gas outlet of the first filtering and purifying tank and is used for desulfurizing the gas from the first filtering and purifying tank;

the air cooling tower is communicated with the air outlet of the desulfurizing tower and is used for further cooling the gas from the desulfurizing tower;

the second filtering and purifying tank comprises activated carbon, and an air inlet of the second filtering and purifying tank is communicated with an air outlet of the air cooling tower;

and the gas inlet of the water-vapor separator is communicated with the gas outlet of the second filtering and purifying tank and is used for separating water vapor in the gas from the second filtering and purifying tank.

2. The pyrolysis gasifier of claim 1 wherein the catalytic reforming vessel comprises a vessel body having a side wall with a fuel gas receiving port, an air injection port, a steam injection port, and a reformed gas outlet, the vessel body further having a catalyst bed with a nickel-based ceramic foam catalyst disposed thereon, the fuel gas receiving port, the air injection port, and the steam injection port being disposed above the catalyst bed, and the reformed gas outlet being disposed above the catalyst bed.

3. The pyrolysis gasifier of claim 2, wherein the vessel has an insulating layer and the catalyst has a temperature sensor mounted thereon.

4. The pyrolysis gasifier of claim 3 wherein the air injection port is adapted to inject air obliquely upward, the steam injection port is adapted to inject steam obliquely upward, and the air injection port and the steam injection port are both located below the fuel gas receiving port adapted to inject fuel gas horizontally from the pyrolysis gasifier.

5. The pyrolysis gasifier of claim 4, wherein the lower part of the tank is gradually contracted, and the lowest end of the tank is provided with a solid slag discharge port.

6. The pyrolysis gasifier of claim 4, wherein the catalyst loading is 3% to 4%; the equivalent coefficient of the air sprayed by the air spraying opening is 0-0.4; the reaction temperature at the catalyst bed is controlled at 700-750 ℃.

7. The pyrolysis gasifier of claim 1, wherein the desulfurization tower is provided in a plurality of stages, and wherein the desulfurization tower is connected to the first filtering purification tank at one end and to the air-cooled tower at the other end.

8. The pyrolysis gasifier of claim 1, wherein the second filtering and purifying tank is connected in series, wherein the second filtering and purifying tank at one end is connected with the air-cooling tower in a butt joint mode, and the second filtering and purifying tank at the other end is connected with the water-vapor separator in a butt joint mode.

9. The pyrolysis gasification unit of claim 1, wherein the desulfurization tower includes a second spray system for spraying the potassium hydroxide solution.

10. The pyrolysis gasifier of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis gasifier comprises a furnace body, and the upper part or the top end of the furnace body is provided with a spray opening.