CN110278822A - A method of peach is cultivated in high altitude localities - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to high-quality fresh food peach cultural methods, more particularly in the high-quality fresh food peach cultural method in high altitude localities, including choosing the strong native country stock variety of resistance, seedling is carried out according to a conventional method to cultivate 2-3, and therefrom choose plant height and reach 0.8-1 meters or more, ground diameter transplants seedling as peach up to 1.5-2 centimetres or more of healthy and strong plant；Again with spacing in the rows for 1 meter, line-spacing is transplanted the high altitude localities plantation at 3000 meters of height above sea level or more for 4 meters of planting density.High yield, excellent production, specialty are realized by rational close planting using the advantageous natural environment superiority in Tibet high altitude localities and advantage in geography.And by wrong season supply, the market neutral gear phase is compensated for, fresh fruit price is high.Remarkable in economical benefits.

Description

A method of cultivating peach trees in high altitude areas

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating peach trees in high-altitude areas.

Background technique

Peach (Amygdalus persica L.), Rosaceae, peach plant. Originally produced in China, it has been artificially cultivated for more than 3,000 years. It has the characteristics of easy flowering, early fruiting, high and stable yield, and high income.

A large part of my country's land area belongs to high-altitude areas. High-altitude areas have many sunshine hours, large temperature differences between day and night, and abundant light energy resources. At present, the per capita fruit consumption in high-altitude areas is far lower than the national average. With the significant improvement of people's living standards in high-altitude areas and changing consumption concepts, green, healthy and fresh fruits have been integrated into people's daily lives. The market demand for green peaches is increasing and the market potential is huge.

However, due to the poor soil texture in high-altitude areas, especially in high-altitude areas above 3000 meters. There is an urgent need to solve the problem of effectively artificially cultivating high-quality peaches in high altitude areas and obtaining good economic benefits.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a green cultivation method for high-quality fresh peaches in high-altitude areas.

The present invention is achieved in the following ways:

A method for cultivating peach trees in high-altitude areas, said method comprising the steps of:

(1) select the peach variety that is successfully cultivated in the Tibet area test, and the seedlings of the peach variety are cultivated and grown for 2-3 years according to conventional methods, as an alternative peach seedling;

(2) Select a plant height of more than 0.8 meters, preferably more than 1 meter, and a ground diameter of more than 1.5-2 centimeters from the described alternative peach seedlings, and choose robust growth, fully lignified branches, well-developed root system, full terminal buds, and no pests and diseases. and mechanically damaged seedlings;

(3) In the high-altitude area, the peach seedlings described in step (2) are transplanted and planted with high planting density according to the planting plan time and planting method.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the high-altitude area refers to an area above 3000 meters above sea level, such as above 3000 meters above sea level, above 3200 meters above sea level, above 3400 meters above sea level, above 3600 meters above sea level or higher area, but generally not exceeding 4200 meters above sea level.

In other embodiments of the present invention, the high-altitude areas include low-latitude areas, mid-latitude areas and high-latitude areas, among which low-latitude and mid-latitude high-altitude areas are preferred, and low-latitude high-altitude areas are particularly preferred. Altitude area.

In the present invention, the planned planting time in step (3) means that the spring planting is carried out before the peach sprouts; the planting method refers to "three burials, two steps, one lifting of seedlings" and "planting circle".

Further, the "three burials, two steps and one lifting of seedlings" means that the first step is to crush the soil and bury it evenly and evenly in the hole; , when the soil is halfway up, lift the saplings up slightly to stretch the root system in the soil, and step on the buried soil; finally, bury the remaining soil until it is flush with the ground, and carry out the second step. Step on the ground again; "Planting circle" refers to building a planting circle with a diameter of about 1 meter around the peach seedlings, sealing the soil after watering the planting water, and covering it with plastic film to preserve moisture.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the high planting density refers to a plant-to-plant spacing of 1-4 meters and a row spacing of 1-4 meters. For example: the plant spacing is 1 meter, the row spacing is 4 meters; the plant spacing is 2 meters, the row spacing is 4 meters; the plant spacing is 3 meters, the row spacing is 4 meters; meters; more preferably 1 meter between plants and 4 meters between rows.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the peach variety is selected from Chunyan, Chunmei, Weiyang 2, and Shahong. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the peach variety is Chunyan.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the peach variety seedlings to be cultivated at the beginning are selected from one of seedlings, cutting seedlings and tissue cultured seedlings.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the rootstock of peach seedlings in step (1) is light walnut.

Further, step (3) also includes the step of fertilization management after transplanting and planting.

In the present invention, fertilizer urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate mixed fertilizer are applied.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the three fertilizers used in the early stage of peach germination is 4:1:1, the ratio of the three fertilizers used in the hard core period is 4:3:1, and the ratio of the fertilizers used in the rapid growth period of the fruit is 4:1:1. The ratio is 1:2:4.

In some embodiments of the present invention, fertilization is applied 3-5 times during each growth period.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the fertilization concentration before germination is 2/1000, and the fertilization concentration at the hard core stage and the rapid fruit growth stage is 3/1000.

Beneficial effects of the present invention

According to the cultivation method of the present invention, the economic, social and ecological benefits of planting high-quality fresh peaches in high-altitude areas have been realized, and have the following beneficial effects:

1. High-altitude areas have dry air, sufficient sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night, and high accumulation of nutrients. The peaches produced there have the characteristics of large fruit, bright color, strong flavor, high content of soluble solids, and storage and transportation. Aiming at developing high-quality, high-end, high-priced, and ecologically-friendly peaches, Tibet’s high-quality fresh peaches.

2. The cultivation method of the present invention not only effectively solves the adverse effects of the harsh environment in high-altitude areas on peach planting, but also turns disadvantages into advantages, realizes high yields, and improves the ecological environment. At the same time, Tibetan peaches ripen 1-2 months later than those in mainland China, so peaches can be supplied in different seasons, giving them great latecomer advantages and potential.

3. High-altitude areas have sufficient sunshine, dry air, and low pollution. Through reasonable and dense planting, the output in the second year of planting can exceed the level of low- and middle-altitude areas and the quality is guaranteed, effectively ensuring planting benefits.

4. The present invention uses renewable resources such as sheep manure in high altitude areas, bone meal of yak+sheep, highland barley, and wheat retting straw to supplement soil organic matter, adapts measures to local conditions, and obtains local materials, which overcomes the need to use chemical fertilizers and chicken manure for traditional peach planting. Technical bottlenecks have reduced costs and achieved sustainable development.

Detailed ways

It should be understood that different applications of the methods disclosed herein may vary according to specific needs in the art. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments of the invention only and is not intended to be limiting.

The invention provides a green cultivation method for high-quality fresh peaches in high-altitude areas. The method comprises first cultivating peach seedlings, and then transplanting and planting the peach seedlings in high-altitude areas until harvesting.

In the present invention, high-altitude areas refer to areas above 3000 meters above sea level, such as above 3000 meters above sea level, above 3200 meters above sea level, above 3400 meters above sea level, above 3600 meters above sea level or higher, but generally not exceeding 4200 meters above sea level.

In the present invention, the high-altitude areas include low-latitude areas, mid-latitude areas and high-latitude areas, among which low-latitude and mid-latitude high-altitude areas are preferred, and low-latitude high-altitude areas are particularly preferred.

The peach variety used for cultivating seedlings in the present invention can be any variety with commercial market planting value. For example, but not limited to 4 high-quality peach varieties: Chunyan, Chunmei, Weiyang 2, and Shahong. The peach variety that can be used is preferably a peach variety with strong cold resistance, such as Chunyan.

The peach variety seedlings that begin to be cultivated can be any form of seedlings, cutting seedlings, and tissue culture seedlings, and the present invention is not limited to this.

The seedlings of peach varieties are cultivated and grown according to conventional methods. After 2-3 years of cultivation and growth, they can reach a plant height of 0.8-1 meters or more, and a ground diameter of 1.5-2 centimeters. The selection is robust, with well-developed root systems, full terminal buds, and no pests and diseases. Robust plants with mechanical damage are used as peach seedlings;

The cultivation time before transplanting can be 2-3 years, such as 2 years or 3 years, preferably 3 years.

On the basis of conventional methods, the cultivation of peaches in high altitude areas has special improvements according to the climate conditions and site conditions in high altitude areas, which are described in detail as follows.

For transplanting seedlings, it is necessary to select robust seedlings to withstand the harsh environment of dry air, strong wind, and cold at high altitudes. The height of the plant is more than 0.8-1 meters, and the ground diameter is 1.5-2 cm. Plump, 2-3 year-old healthy plants without pests and diseases and mechanical damage are used as peach seedlings. The time for transplanting peach seedlings is from early March to early April.

The planting method is to dig a large hole for planting. The size of the planting hole is 0.8 meters long, 0.8 meters wide and 0.8 meters high.

In high-altitude areas, due to the dry air, sufficient sunshine, and strong wind, it can be planted at a higher planting density than traditional planting areas at low altitudes, for example: the distance between plants is 1 meter, and the distance between rows is 4 meters; 2 meters, row spacing is 4 meters; plant spacing is 3 meters, row spacing is 4 meters; plant spacing is 4 meters, row spacing is 4 meters, preferably plant spacing is 2 meters, row spacing is 4 meters; more preferably plant spacing is 1 meter, row spacing is 4 meters.

According to the growth characteristic of peach, also should pay attention to fertilizer and water management, carry out topdressing 3 times every year among the present invention. Before germination (middle and late March) the ratio of urea: diammonium phosphate: potassium sulfate is 4:1:1, and during the hard core period (mid-May) the ratio of urea: diammonium phosphate: potassium sulfate is 4:3:1, and the fruit grows rapidly During the growth period (mid-June to mid-July), the ratio of urea: diammonium phosphate: potassium sulfate is 1:2:4.

In high-altitude areas, due to the dry air and strong winds, evaporation is rapid. In order to grow peach plants robustly, you can also use such as but not limited to mulch, gardening cloth, planting frames, inter-row grass and other cover plantings that are easily available in high-altitude areas. The covering material of the field soil, so as to play the role of soil heat preservation, moisture retention and weed control. Young orchards choose ryegrass. Mixed species of white clover and bluegrass for mature orchards

There are fewer pests and diseases in high-altitude areas, but there are still pests and diseases that harm peach trunks, branches, fruits, etc., such as pear borer and peach red-necked longhorn, which will adversely affect the growth of peaches, resulting in reduced production or destruction of peach orchards. pest control. Fully implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, prevention more important than cure". Comprehensive measures including but not limited to black light trapping, tree trunk scraping in winter or early spring, lime agent coating on tree trunks, and wire trapping can be adopted for prevention and control.

During the peach growth period, pruning should also be carried out to facilitate the healthy growth of peach plants and better flowering and fruiting. There is no special limitation on the time for plastic trimming, and it can be trimmed in time according to actual needs. According to the characteristics of peach growth in high-altitude areas, in the cultivation method that cannot be invented, pruning is carried out about twice a year. The first pruning is during the growth period (mid-June to early July). Flower buds, thinning flowers, thinning fruit". Complete flower thinning and fruit thinning within 1 month: flower thinning begins 1 week after inflorescence separation, leaving 1 inflorescence 20-25 cm away, leaving only the central flower and 1 side flower for the remaining inflorescence, and thinning the rest. Start fruit thinning 10 days after flowering, leave one fruit at a distance of 20-25 cm, one large fruit at 25 cm, one small fruit at 20 cm, keep more strong branches, less weak branches, and more inner chambers. Leave little or nothing on the periphery. When keeping the fruit, choose the fruit with a correct shape, medium-long fruit branches and downward-facing fruit stems, and remove the irregular fruit shape, insect fruit and tip fruit. The second pruning is carried out during the dormant period (late October to early November), and prunes sick and residual branches, over-dense branches and weak twigs.

According to the cultivation method of the present invention, the economic, social and ecological benefits of planting high-quality fresh peaches in high-altitude areas have been realized, and have the following beneficial effects:

1. High-altitude areas have dry air, sufficient sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night, and high accumulation of nutrients. The peaches produced there have the characteristics of large fruit, bright color, strong flavor, high content of soluble solids, and storage and transportation. Aiming at developing high-quality, high-end, high-priced, and ecologically-friendly peaches, Tibet’s high-quality fresh peaches.

2. The cultivation method of the present invention not only effectively solves the adverse effects of the harsh environment in high-altitude areas on peach planting, but also turns disadvantages into advantages, realizes high yields, and improves the ecological environment. At the same time, Tibetan peaches ripen 1-2 months later than those in mainland China, so peaches can be supplied in different seasons, giving them great latecomer advantages and potential.

3. High-altitude areas have sufficient sunshine, dry air, and low pollution. Through reasonable and dense planting, the output in the second year of planting can exceed the level of low- and middle-altitude areas and the quality is guaranteed, effectively ensuring planting benefits.

4. The present invention uses renewable resources such as sheep manure in high altitude areas, bone meal of yak+sheep, highland barley, and wheat retting straw to supplement soil organic matter, adapts measures to local conditions, and obtains local materials, which overcomes the need to use chemical fertilizers and chicken manure for traditional peach planting. Technical bottlenecks have reduced costs and achieved sustainable development.

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

Example

The following examples are used herein to demonstrate preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the techniques disclosed in the examples which follow represent techniques discovered by the inventors to be employed in the practice of the invention, and thus can be considered preferred modes for its practice. However, those skilled in the art should understand from this specification that many modifications can be made to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and the same or similar results can still be obtained without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs, and the disclosures cited herein and their cited materials are all incorporated by reference .

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain through routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. These equivalents are to be covered by the claims.

The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The instruments and equipment used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are routine laboratory instruments and equipment; the test materials used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, were purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores.

EXAMPLE Planting Spring-colored Peach Varieties in High Altitude Areas

The high-altitude area is Lhasa, and the cultivation and planting of spring peach varieties are carried out, the details are as follows:

1. Seedling cultivation, in Lhasa, Tibet, at an altitude of about 3650 meters, according to conventional methods to cultivate peach seedlings of the Chunyan variety, and the cultivation time is at least 2 years;

2. Select strong plants, from the Chunyan varieties that have been cultivated for more than 2 years, select plants with a height of 0.8-1 meters or more and a ground diameter of 1.5-2 cm. The plants are used as peach seedlings.

3. Preparations before transplanting. In Lhasa, Tibet, at an altitude of about 3650 meters, in the previous two months, the selected planting fields were composted with sheep manure, yak + sheep bone meal, highland barley + wheat straw, and the compost was composted with a root rotary machine. Pour into the soil, and flood the planting field with flood water, so that the water penetrates into the soil to a depth of more than 80 cm. Two months later, the holes were dug according to the length of the holes, 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters, and 0.8 meters, with a plant spacing of 1 meter and a row spacing of 4 meters.

4. Transplanting and planting. In late March, the selected Chunyan strong seedlings were transplanted at a distance of 1 meter and a row spacing of 4 meters. The planting density is about 167 plants/mu.

5. Soil cover. After transplanting and planting, cover with degradable gardening cloth or black non-woven fabric, and reserve 2 meters between rows to plant green manure, forage grass and other forages.

6. Water management, immediately after transplanting and planting, water thoroughly, and the soil humidity of the peach tree tray every 10-15 days, to ensure the water demand for peach plant growth. Irrigate 3-5 times before germination, after flowering, hard core period, rapid fruit growth period and before the soil freezes. Especially before germination, enough water should be poured so that the irrigation water can infiltrate to a depth of about 60 cm. The hard core period is sensitive to moisture, just keep the soil moist. The rapid growth period of the fruit depends on the rainfall. In case of drought and water shortage, light irrigation can be performed once 2-3 weeks before harvesting.

7. Plastic pruning, pruning twice a year. For the first pruning, during the growth period (mid-June to early July), the main focus is on three thinning, that is, "thinning of buds, thinning of flowers, and thinning of fruits". Complete flower thinning and fruit thinning within 1 month: flower thinning begins 1 week after inflorescence separation, leaving 1 inflorescence 20-25 cm away, leaving only the central flower and 1 side flower for the remaining inflorescence, and thinning the rest. Start fruit thinning 10 days after flowering, leave one fruit at a distance of 20-25 cm, one large fruit at 25 cm, one small fruit at 20 cm, keep more strong branches, less weak branches, and more inner chambers. Leave little or nothing on the periphery. When keeping the fruit, choose the fruit with a correct shape, medium-long fruit branches and downward-facing fruit stems, and remove the irregular fruit shape, insect fruit and tip fruit. The second pruning is carried out during the dormant period (late October to early November), and prunes sick and residual branches, over-dense branches and weak twigs.

8. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, using green methods such as scraping bark, manually removing larval spores, hanging sweet and sour pots, solar insecticidal lamps, and applying lime emulsion to tree trunks.

9. Plant as above. Peach enters the initial fruiting period after two years, and the fruit ripening period is from August to October.

Plant according to the method of the above-mentioned embodiment, and the results are shown in Table 1. After calculation, following the above steps for peach planting, peach seedling cultivation, management and land costs are about 15,000 yuan/mu, the annual output is about 2,500 kg/mu, the purchase price is about 50 yuan/kg, and the output value is about 62,500 yuan/mu mu.

Table 1 planting results

It can be seen from Table 1 that planting peaches in high-altitude areas achieves higher yields through reasonable and dense planting, and brings higher economic, social and ecological benefits through the gap in the high-end market and the high price of fresh fruits.

All documents mentioned in this application are incorporated by reference in this application as if each were individually incorporated by reference. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the above teaching content of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. a method for cultivating peach trees in high altitude areas, characterized in that, the method may further comprise the steps: (1) select the peach variety that is successfully cultivated in the Tibet experiment, and the seedlings of the peach variety are cultivated and grown for 2-3 years according to conventional methods, as an alternative peach seedling; (2) Select a plant height of more than 0.8 meters and a ground diameter of more than 1.5-2 centimeters from the described alternative peach seedlings, and select those with strong growth, fully lignified branches, well-developed root system, full terminal buds, no pests and mechanical damage Big seedling; (3) In the high-altitude area, the peach seedlings described in step (2) are transplanted and planted with high planting density according to the planting plan time and planting method. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the high-altitude area refers to an area with an average altitude above 3000 meters. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the average altitude of the high-altitude area is no more than 4200 meters. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, the planned planting time refers to that the spring planting is carried out before the peach sprouts; Circle"; high planting density refers to the plant spacing of 1 meter and the row spacing of 4 meters. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the peach variety is selected from Chunyan, Chunmei, Weiyang No. 2, and Shahong. 6. the method for claim 5 is characterized in that, the peach seedling stock in the step (1) is the light walnut widely distributed in each area of Tibet, and light walnut seed requires the seed that adopts that year or the previous year to gather, The seeds are full and there are no empty seeds. Sand storage should be carried out before sowing. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the step (3) further comprises the step of fertilization management after transplanting and planting. 8. The planting method according to claim 4, wherein said "three burying, two stepping and one lifting of seedlings" means that the first step is to crush the soil and bury it in the hole evenly and evenly; the second step is to bury the seedlings Put it in the center of the hole and straighten it, so that the roots cannot be nested, and then cultivate the soil. When the soil is halfway up, lift the sapling up slightly to stretch the root system in the soil, and step on the buried soil; finally, bury the remaining soil. Then, bury it until it is level with the ground, and step on it for the second time; "planting circle" refers to building a planting circle with a diameter of about 1 meter around the peach seedlings, watering the planting water, sealing the soil, and covering it with plastic film to preserve moisture. 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, fertilizer urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate mixed fertilizer are used, and the three ratios of the fertilizer used in the early stage of peach germination are 4:1:1, and the fertilizer is used in the hard core stage The ratio of the three is 4:3:1, and the ratio of the three fertilizers is 1:2:4 in the rapid growth period of the fruit. Preferably, the fertilizer is applied 3-5 times in each growth period. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, the fertilization concentration before germination is 2/1000, and the fertilization concentration during the hard core period and the rapid growth period of the fruit is 3/1000.