CN108444685B - A high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical, horizontal and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device - Google Patents
A high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical, horizontal and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及高速铁路模拟试验技术领域，特别是一种高速铁路轮轨垂横纵向力耦合加载模拟装置。它包括反力架以及位于反力架下方的高速铁路轨道模拟结构。可以同时模拟列车实际运行时作用于轨道结构的垂向力、横向力和纵向力，并且横向力、垂向力和纵向力结合模拟其他方向的作用力，使得试验结果更加贴合实际。转向架模拟机构模拟高速列车转向架，垂向力和横向力传递至转向架模拟机构，可以模拟列车实际运行中垂向力和横向力对轨道结构的作用。而纵向力则通过锁扣直接传递到钢轨上，可以模拟列车实际运行中纵向力对轨道结构的作用。
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed railway simulation testing, in particular to a high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical, horizontal and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device. It includes a reaction frame and a high-speed railway track simulation structure located underneath the reaction frame. It can simultaneously simulate the vertical force, transverse force and longitudinal force acting on the track structure when the train is actually running, and the transverse force, vertical force and longitudinal force can be combined to simulate forces in other directions, making the test results more realistic. The bogie simulation mechanism simulates the bogie of a high-speed train. The vertical and lateral forces are transmitted to the bogie simulation mechanism, which can simulate the effects of vertical and lateral forces on the track structure during actual train operation. The longitudinal force is directly transmitted to the rail through the lock, which can simulate the effect of longitudinal force on the track structure during actual train operation.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及高速铁路模拟试验技术领域，特别是一种高速铁路轮轨垂横纵向力耦合加载模拟装置。The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed railway simulation testing, in particular to a high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical, horizontal and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device.
背景技术Background technique
我国铁路建设正呈跨越式发展之势，多条客运专线和高速铁路正在建设之中。随着列车运行速度的提高，工程结构的动力学问题日益突出，而目前高速铁路动力学设计尚未形成系统的理论体系，现有设计方法已难以满足高速铁路快速发展的需要。针对高速铁路工程结构动力学关键问题，对高速列车-轨道-路基系统动力学开展模型试验，提出高速铁路轨道-路基动力性能室内模型试验和现场测试标准，对形成具有自主知识产权的我国高速铁路建造技术体系具有重大的实际意义，为我国高速铁路建设和可持续发展提供重要技术支撑。my country's railway construction is developing by leaps and bounds, and many passenger dedicated lines and high-speed railways are under construction. With the increase of train running speed, the dynamic problems of engineering structures have become increasingly prominent. However, the current high-speed railway dynamic design has not yet formed a systematic theoretical system, and the existing design methods can no longer meet the needs of the rapid development of high-speed railways. In view of the key issues in the structural dynamics of high-speed railway engineering, model tests were carried out on the dynamics of the high-speed train-track-subgrade system, and indoor model tests and on-site test standards for the dynamic performance of high-speed railway track-subgrade were proposed, which will contribute to the formation of my country's high-speed railway with independent intellectual property rights. The construction technology system is of great practical significance and provides important technical support for my country's high-speed railway construction and sustainable development.
目前，高速铁路动力荷载模拟装置仅能满足垂向动力加载，而高速列车在运行时由于蛇形运动会给钢轨施加横向力作用，以及高速列车在启动、制动和轨温变化等情况下会给钢轨施加纵向力，两者亦会对轨道-结构以及列车运行的安全性造成不可忽视的影响，现有模拟装置忽略了轨道结构在实际运营过程中承受的其他方向的作用力影响，不能完整研究轨道动态特性，通过此实际尺寸模型所模拟反映的轨道-路基的经时性行为有其局限性。At present, the high-speed railway dynamic load simulation device can only meet the vertical dynamic loading. When the high-speed train is running, the serpentine motion will exert lateral force on the rail, and the high-speed train will exert lateral force on the rail during starting, braking and rail temperature changes. The rail exerts longitudinal force, both of which will also have a non-negligible impact on the track-structure and the safety of train operation. The existing simulation device ignores the influence of forces in other directions that the track structure endures during actual operation and cannot completely study it. The dynamic characteristics of the track and the time-travel behavior of the track-subgrade reflected through the simulation of this real-size model have their limitations.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种高速铁路轮轨垂横纵向力耦合加载模拟装置。The object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical, horizontal and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device.
本发明的目的是通过如下途径实现的：一种高速铁路轮轨垂横纵向力耦合加载模拟装置，它包括反力架以及位于反力架下方的高速铁路轨道模拟结构，反力架与高速铁路轨道模拟结构之间设有用于模拟高铁列车实际运行时作用于轨道结构的垂向力的轨道垂直施力机构、用于模拟高铁列车实际运行时作用于轨道结构的横向力的轨道横向施力机构和用于模拟高铁列车实际运行时作用于轨道结构的纵向力的轨道纵向施力机构。The object of the present invention is achieved through the following approach: a high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical, transverse and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device, which includes a reaction frame and a high-speed railway track simulation structure located below the reaction frame. The reaction frame and the high-speed railway There is a track vertical force application mechanism used to simulate the vertical force acting on the track structure when the high-speed train is actually running, and a track lateral force application mechanism used to simulate the lateral force acting on the track structure when the high-speed train is actually running. and a track longitudinal force-applying mechanism used to simulate the longitudinal force acting on the track structure during actual operation of high-speed rail trains.
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述的转向架模拟机构，包括两组安装在高速铁路轨道模拟结构中轨道上的轮对、垂直并对称安装于所述轮对轮轴上的刚性分配梁，以及沿两组轮对布设方向连接两组轮对轮轴的轮对纵向连接杆；所述轨道横向施力机构是在反力架两端分别安装有一根斜撑，横向作动器通过水平固定装置固定于其中一根斜撑上，横向作动器的作动头通过横向传力杆与轮对同轴连接；所述轨道垂直施力机构就在反力架的横梁上垂直安装有一垂向作动器，垂向作动器的作动头置于刚性分配梁上；所述轨道纵向施力机构是在反力架上固定有轮轴同向安装的水平钢桁架，水平钢桁架上通过水平固定装置安装有纵向作动器，纵向作动器作动头通过锁扣紧扣于钢轨上。As a further optimization of this solution, the bogie simulation mechanism includes two sets of wheel pairs installed on the track in the high-speed railway track simulation structure, rigid distribution beams installed vertically and symmetrically on the wheel axles of the wheel pairs, and along the The wheel pair longitudinal connecting rods connect the two sets of wheel pairs and their axles in the layout direction of the two sets of wheel pairs; the track transverse force applying mechanism is equipped with a diagonal brace at both ends of the reaction frame, and the transverse actuator is fixed on the two sets of wheel pairs through a horizontal fixing device On one of the diagonal braces, the actuating head of the transverse actuator is coaxially connected to the wheel pair through a transverse transmission rod; the track vertical force application mechanism is vertically installed with a vertical actuator on the crossbeam of the reaction frame. , the actuating head of the vertical actuator is placed on the rigid distribution beam; the longitudinal force applying mechanism of the track is a horizontal steel truss with wheel axles installed in the same direction fixed on the reaction frame, and the horizontal steel truss is installed through a horizontal fixing device There is a longitudinal actuator, and the longitudinal actuator head is fastened to the rail through a lock.
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述的横向传力杆包括由一块钢板和四根钢制圆柱体焊接而成的传力杆前端以及由一根钢制圆柱体构成的传力杆末端。As a further optimization of this solution, the transverse dowel rod includes a front end of the dowel rod welded by a steel plate and four steel cylinders and an end of the dowel rod composed of a steel cylinder.
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述的垂向作动器的作动头置于所述刚性分配梁上表面开设的凹槽中，垂向作动器的作动头与凹槽底部之间设有刚性滚轮。As a further optimization of this solution, the actuating head of the vertical actuator is placed in the groove provided on the upper surface of the rigid distribution beam, and there is a gap between the actuating head of the vertical actuator and the bottom of the groove. Has rigid rollers.
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述的凹槽的槽深大于垂向作动器的作动头与凹槽的槽底之间的间距。As a further optimization of this solution, the groove depth of the groove is greater than the distance between the actuating head of the vertical actuator and the groove bottom of the groove.
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述的纵向作动器设有四个，两个为一组，两组分别沿左侧钢轨及右侧钢轨轴线对称布置。As a further optimization of this solution, there are four longitudinal actuators, two in a group, and the two groups are symmetrically arranged along the left and right rail axes respectively.
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述纵向作动器作动头置于所述锁扣侧表面开设的凹槽中，纵向作动器的作动头与凹槽底部之间设有刚性滚珠，纵向作动器的作动头头部通过刚性滚珠与锁扣接触。As a further optimization of this solution, the longitudinal actuator head is placed in the groove opened on the side surface of the lock, and a rigid ball is provided between the longitudinal actuator head and the bottom of the groove. The head of the actuator is in contact with the lock through rigid balls.
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述的纵向作动器的作动头为异形作动头，头部尺寸较尾部尺寸大。As a further optimization of this solution, the actuating head of the longitudinal actuator is a special-shaped actuating head, and the head size is larger than the tail size.
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述的所述反力架的立柱为高度可调的伸缩立柱，反力架的横梁在立柱上高度可调。As a further optimization of this solution, the columns of the reaction frame are height-adjustable telescopic columns, and the cross beams of the reaction frame are height-adjustable on the columns.
作为本方案的进一步优化，所述的所述横向作动器与的横梁之间设有垂直固定装置。As a further optimization of this solution, a vertical fixing device is provided between the transverse actuator and the cross beam.
本发明一种高速铁路轮轨垂横纵向力耦合加载模拟装置，可以同时模拟列车实际运行时作用于轨道结构的垂向力、横向力和纵向力，并且横向力、垂向力和纵向力结合模拟其他方向的作用力，使得试验结果更加贴合实际。转向架模拟机构模拟高速列车转向架，垂向力和横向力传递至转向架模拟机构，可以模拟列车实际运行中垂向力和横向力对轨道结构的作用。而纵向力则通过锁扣直接传递到钢轨上，可以模拟列车实际运行中纵向力对轨道结构的作用。通过反力架可以自由调节模拟装置的安装高度，向轨道垂直施力机构、轨道横向施力机构和轨道纵向施力机构输入预设的动力荷载时程，可以对不同的轨道结构形式进行加载。为高速铁路轨道-路基垂向、横向和纵向动力学分析提供可靠的加载平台，为揭示轨道结构损伤破坏经时性特征提供实验依据。The invention is a high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical, horizontal and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device, which can simultaneously simulate the vertical force, transverse force and longitudinal force acting on the track structure during actual operation of the train, and the transverse force, vertical force and longitudinal force are combined Simulate forces in other directions to make the test results more realistic. The bogie simulation mechanism simulates the bogie of a high-speed train. The vertical and lateral forces are transmitted to the bogie simulation mechanism, which can simulate the effects of vertical and lateral forces on the track structure during actual train operation. The longitudinal force is directly transmitted to the rail through the lock, which can simulate the effect of longitudinal force on the track structure during actual train operation. The installation height of the simulation device can be freely adjusted through the reaction frame, and the preset dynamic load time course can be input to the track vertical force application mechanism, the track lateral force application mechanism and the track longitudinal force application mechanism, so that different track structure forms can be loaded. It provides a reliable loading platform for high-speed railway track-subgrade vertical, transverse and longitudinal dynamic analysis, and provides experimental basis for revealing the time-dependent characteristics of track structure damage and destruction.
附图说明Description of the drawings
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明：The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
图1是本发明结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;
图2是本发明沿线路纵向断面的结构示意图；Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the longitudinal section along the line of the present invention;
图3是本发明俯视结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of the present invention;
图4是本发明立体结构示意图之一；Figure 4 is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the present invention;
图5是本发明刚性分配梁的立体结构示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the rigid distribution beam of the present invention;
图6是本发明立体结构示意图之二；Figure 6 is the second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;
图7是本发明锁扣与纵向作动头接触部分剖面的立体结构示意图；Figure 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the cross-section of the contact portion between the lock buckle of the present invention and the longitudinal actuating head;
图8是本发明锁扣卡槽的立体结构示意图；Figure 8 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the lock slot of the present invention;
图9是本发明纵向作动器立体结构示意图；Figure 9 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the longitudinal actuator of the present invention;
图中，1、反力架；2、横向作动器；3、垂向作动器；4、刚性分配梁；5、水平固定装置；6、垂直固定装置；7、横向传力杆；8、轮对；9、纵向连接杆；10、刚性滚轮；11、横梁；12、斜撑；13、传力杆前端；14、传力杆末端；15、水平钢桁架； 16、锁扣；17、纵向作动器；18、钢轨；19、轮轴；20、立柱；21、水平固定装置；22、刚性滚珠；31、高速铁路轨道模拟结构；32轨道垂直施力机构；33、轨道横向施力机构；34、轨道纵向施力机构；35、转向架模拟机构。In the figure, 1. Reaction frame; 2. Transverse actuator; 3. Vertical actuator; 4. Rigid distribution beam; 5. Horizontal fixing device; 6. Vertical fixing device; 7. Transverse dowel rod; 8. , wheelset; 9. Longitudinal connecting rod; 10. Rigid roller; 11. Cross beam; 12. Diagonal brace; 13. Front end of dowel rod; 14. End of dowel rod; 15. Horizontal steel truss; 16. Lock; 17 , Longitudinal actuator; 18. Rail; 19. Wheel axle; 20. Column; 21. Horizontal fixing device; 22. Rigid ball; 31. High-speed railway track simulation structure; 32. Track vertical force application mechanism; 33. Track lateral force application Mechanism; 34. Track longitudinal force applying mechanism; 35. Bogie simulation mechanism.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示，本发明提供一种高速铁路轮轨垂横纵向力耦合加载模拟装置,它包括反力架1以及位于反力架1下方的高速铁路轨道模拟结构31，所述的所述反力架1的立柱为高度可调的伸缩立柱，反力架1的横梁11在立柱上高度可调。反力架1与高速铁路轨道模拟结构31之间设有用于模拟高铁列车实际运行时作用于轨道结构的垂向力的轨道垂直施力机构32、用于模拟高铁列车实际运行时作用于轨道结构的横向力的轨道横向施力机构33和用于模拟高铁列车实际运行时作用于轨道结构的纵向力的轨道纵向施力机构34；前述的轨道垂直施力机构32和轨道横向施力机构33通过用于模拟高铁列车转向架的转向架模拟机构35作用至高速铁路轨道模拟结构31上，而轨道纵向施力机构34则直接作用在高速铁路轨道模拟结构31的钢轨18上。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical, horizontal and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device, which includes a reaction frame 1 and a high-speed railway track simulation structure 31 located below the reaction frame 1. The upright column of the reaction frame 1 is a height-adjustable telescopic column, and the cross beam 11 of the reaction frame 1 is height-adjustable on the column. A track vertical force applying mechanism 32 is provided between the reaction frame 1 and the high-speed railway track simulation structure 31 for simulating the vertical force acting on the track structure during actual operation of the high-speed railway train. The track transverse force application mechanism 33 for lateral force and the track longitudinal force application mechanism 34 for simulating the longitudinal force acting on the track structure during actual operation of the high-speed rail train; the aforementioned track vertical force application mechanism 32 and track lateral force application mechanism 33 are passed The bogie simulation mechanism 35 for simulating the high-speed railway train bogie acts on the high-speed railway track simulation structure 31 , while the track longitudinal force applying mechanism 34 directly acts on the rail 18 of the high-speed railway track simulation structure 31 .
如图4所示，所述的转向架模拟机构35，包括两组安装在高速铁路轨道模拟结构31中轨道上的轮对8、垂直并对称安装于所述轮对8轮轴上的刚性分配梁4，以及沿两组轮对8布设方向连接两组轮对8轮轴的轮对纵向连接杆9；As shown in Figure 4, the bogie simulation mechanism 35 includes two sets of wheel pairs 8 installed on the track in the high-speed railway track simulation structure 31, and rigid distribution beams installed vertically and symmetrically on the axles of the wheel pairs 8. 4. And the wheel set longitudinal connecting rod 9 connecting the wheel axles of the two sets of wheel sets 8 along the layout direction of the two sets of wheel sets 8;
如图1所示，所述轨道横向施力机构33是在反力架1两端分别安装有一根斜撑12，横向作动器2通过水平固定装置5固定于其中一根斜撑12上，横向作动器2的作动头通过横向传力杆7与轮对8同轴连接；所述横向作动器2与的横梁11之间设有垂直固定装置6。所述的所述横向传力杆7包括由一块钢板和四根钢制圆柱体焊接而成的传力杆前端13以及由一根钢制圆柱体构成的传力杆末端14。As shown in Figure 1, the track transverse force applying mechanism 33 is equipped with one diagonal brace 12 at both ends of the reaction frame 1, and the transverse actuator 2 is fixed on one of the diagonal braces 12 through the horizontal fixing device 5. The actuating head of the transverse actuator 2 is coaxially connected to the wheelset 8 through a transverse transmission rod 7; a vertical fixing device 6 is provided between the transverse actuator 2 and the cross beam 11. The transverse dowel rod 7 includes a dowel rod front end 13 welded by a steel plate and four steel cylinders, and a dowel rod end 14 composed of a steel cylinder.
如图3所示，所述轨道垂直施力机构32就在反力架1的横梁11上垂直安装有一垂向作动器3，垂向作动器3的作动头置于刚性分配梁4上；所述的垂向作动器3的作动头置于所述刚性分配梁4上表面开设的凹槽中，垂向作动器3的作动头与凹槽底部之间设有刚性滚轮10。所述的凹槽的槽深大于垂向作动器3的作动头与凹槽的槽底之间的间距。As shown in Figure 3, the track vertical force applying mechanism 32 is vertically installed with a vertical actuator 3 on the crossbeam 11 of the reaction frame 1, and the actuating head of the vertical actuator 3 is placed on the rigid distribution beam 4 Above; the actuating head of the vertical actuator 3 is placed in the groove provided on the upper surface of the rigid distribution beam 4, and a rigid rigid body is provided between the actuating head of the vertical actuator 3 and the bottom of the groove Roller 10. The depth of the groove is greater than the distance between the actuating head of the vertical actuator 3 and the bottom of the groove.
如图2、图6所示，所述轨道纵向施力机构34是在反力架1上固定有轮轴同向安装的水平钢桁架15，水平钢桁架15上通过水平固定装置5安装有纵向作动器17，纵向作动器17作动头通过锁扣16紧扣于钢轨上。所述的纵向作动器17设有四个，两个为一组，两组分别与左侧钢轨及右侧钢轨轴线对称布置。所述纵向作动器17作动头置于所述锁扣16侧表面开设的凹槽中，纵向作动器17的作动头与凹槽底部之间设有刚性滚珠22，纵向作动器17的作动头头部通过刚性滚珠22与锁扣16接触。所述的纵向作动器17的作动头为异形作动头，头部尺寸较尾部尺寸大。As shown in Figures 2 and 6, the track longitudinal force applying mechanism 34 is a horizontal steel truss 15 with wheel axles installed in the same direction fixed on the reaction frame 1. The horizontal steel truss 15 is equipped with a longitudinal force applying device 5 through a horizontal fixing device 5. The actuator 17, the longitudinal actuator 17 actuator head is fastened to the rail through the lock 16. There are four longitudinal actuators 17, two in a group, and the two groups are arranged symmetrically with the axes of the left rail and the right rail respectively. The operating head of the longitudinal actuator 17 is placed in the groove opened on the side surface of the lock 16. A rigid ball 22 is provided between the operating head of the longitudinal actuator 17 and the bottom of the groove. The longitudinal actuator The head of the actuator head of 17 is in contact with the lock catch 16 through the rigid ball 22. The actuating head of the longitudinal actuator 17 is a special-shaped actuating head, and the head size is larger than the tail size.
刚性分配梁垂直并对称放置于两个轮对的轮轴之上，并通过焊接固定防止试验过程中刚性分配梁位移超限，刚性分配梁上部设置有尺寸略大于垂向作动器下部作动头的凹糟，保证作动头放于凹槽正中心时，凹槽内壁与作动头之间留有3-5cm的间隙，凹槽内设置刚性滚轮，保证垂向作动器底部通过刚性滚轮与刚性分配梁接触；水平钢桁架用螺栓固定于斜撑上，锁扣用螺栓固定于钢轨上，纵向作动器分别通过水平固定装置用螺栓固定于水平钢桁架上，锁扣侧面设置有尺寸略大于纵向作动器前部作动头的凹糟，保证作动头放于凹槽正中心时，凹槽内壁与作动头之间留有1-2cm的间隙，凹槽内设置刚性滚珠，保证纵向作动器头部通过刚性滚珠与锁扣接触，纵向作动器的作动头为异形作动头，头部较尾部为大，锁扣设置有卡槽以保证纵向作动器在向远离锁扣的方向移动时不从锁扣中脱离。The rigid distribution beam is placed vertically and symmetrically on the axles of the two wheel pairs, and is fixed by welding to prevent the displacement of the rigid distribution beam from exceeding the limit during the test. The upper part of the rigid distribution beam is equipped with an actuator head that is slightly larger than the lower part of the vertical actuator. The groove ensures that when the actuator head is placed in the center of the groove, there is a gap of 3-5cm between the inner wall of the groove and the actuator head. A rigid roller is set up in the groove to ensure that the bottom of the vertical actuator passes through the rigid roller. Contact with the rigid distribution beam; the horizontal steel truss is fixed on the diagonal brace with bolts, the lock buckle is fixed on the rail with bolts, the longitudinal actuator is fixed on the horizontal steel truss with bolts through the horizontal fixing device, and the lock buckle is provided with dimensions on the side Slightly larger than the groove of the actuator head at the front of the longitudinal actuator, ensure that when the actuator head is placed in the center of the groove, there is a gap of 1-2cm between the inner wall of the groove and the actuator head, and a rigid ball is installed in the groove , to ensure that the head of the longitudinal actuator is in contact with the lock through rigid balls. The actuating head of the longitudinal actuator is a special-shaped actuating head. The head is larger than the tail. The lock is provided with a slot to ensure that the longitudinal actuator is in Do not disengage from the lock when moving away from the lock.
试验过程中,通过调节横梁11的高度，可适应不同的铁路路面结构或作动器。采用多个作动器联动，可实现列车运行过程中不同轮对下的动力荷载。在刚性分配梁4上设置尺寸略大于垂向作动器3底部尺寸的凹槽，用以防止垂向作动器3在试验过程中纵横向位移超限。如图1、图5所示，在刚性分配梁4中部设置尺寸略大于垂向作动器3底部尺寸的方形凹槽，保证作动头放于凹槽正中心时，凹槽内壁与作动头之间留有3cm-5cm的间隙。横向作动器2的力通过横向传力杆7传递至轮对8上，进而作用于轨道结构上。如图1～4所示，在横向作动器2底部设置四根横向传力杆7与一块铁板固定后与轮对的横向传力杆7垂直固定。水平固定装置5通过直径为30mm的间距为150mm～200mm的三排螺栓固定于斜撑12上。如图1所示，水平固定装置5通过直径为30mm的三排螺栓固定于斜撑12上。垂直固定装置6通过直径为30mm的间距为150mm对称布置的两排螺栓固定于横梁11上。如图1和图4所示，垂直固定装置6通过直径为30mm的间距为150mm对称布置的两排螺栓固定于横梁11上。横向作动器2通过垂直固定装置6和水平固定装置5共同固定。如图1～4所示，横向作动器2通过用螺栓固定于斜撑12的水平固定装置5和用螺栓固定于横梁11的垂直固定装置6共同固定，垂直固定装置6下部与作动器焊接连接。垂向作动器3的底部设置刚性滚轮10，以适应由于横向作动器2的加载对垂向作动器3位置的影响。如图2所示，在垂向作动器3的底部设置了刚性滚轮10。在刚性分配梁4垂直对称放置于轮对8上，并通过焊接固定防止试验过程中刚性分配梁4位移超限。如图1、3、4所示，模拟转向架的两组轮对8的轮轴上分别垂直对称放置了一片刚性分配梁4。通过纵向连接杆9连接模拟转向架。如图1～4所示，钢轨上放置了两组轮对8，相距为高速列车固定轴距，并通过纵向连接杆9连接模拟转向架。在锁扣16的侧面设置尺寸略大于纵向作动器17头部尺寸的凹槽，用以防止纵向作动器17在试验过程中竖横向位移超限。如图1、图7所示，在锁扣16两侧的对称位置设置尺寸略大于纵向作动器17头部尺寸的圆形凹槽，保证作动头放于凹槽正中心时，凹槽内壁与作动头之间留有1cm-2cm的间隙。如图9所示，纵向作动器的作动头为异形作动头，头部尺寸较尾部尺寸大。如图8所示，锁扣与所述纵向作动器的作动头的连接部分设置成卡槽的形式，以保证纵向作动器在向远离锁扣的方向移动时不从锁扣中脱离。如图1、图6所示，水平钢桁架15通过直径为30mm的三排螺栓固定于斜撑12上，纵向作动器17-20分别通过4个直径为30mm的螺栓和水平固定装置21-24连接在一起，水平固定装置21~24则通过卡槽与水平钢桁架15焊接在一起。During the test, by adjusting the height of the cross beam 11, it can adapt to different railway pavement structures or actuators. The use of multiple actuators for linkage can realize the dynamic load under different wheelsets during train operation. A groove with a size slightly larger than the bottom size of the vertical actuator 3 is provided on the rigid distribution beam 4 to prevent the vertical and horizontal displacement of the vertical actuator 3 from exceeding the limit during the test. As shown in Figures 1 and 5, a square groove with a size slightly larger than the bottom size of the vertical actuator 3 is set in the middle of the rigid distribution beam 4 to ensure that when the actuator head is placed in the center of the groove, the inner wall of the groove is in contact with the actuator. Leave a 3cm-5cm gap between the heads. The force of the transverse actuator 2 is transmitted to the wheelset 8 through the transverse transmission rod 7, and then acts on the track structure. As shown in Figures 1 to 4, four transverse transmission rods 7 are arranged at the bottom of the transverse actuator 2 and fixed with an iron plate, and then vertically fixed with the transverse transmission rod 7 of the wheel set. The horizontal fixing device 5 is fixed to the diagonal brace 12 through three rows of bolts with a diameter of 30 mm and a spacing of 150 mm to 200 mm. As shown in Figure 1, the horizontal fixing device 5 is fixed on the diagonal brace 12 through three rows of bolts with a diameter of 30 mm. The vertical fixing device 6 is fixed to the cross beam 11 through two rows of bolts with a diameter of 30 mm and a spacing of 150 mm, which are symmetrically arranged. As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the vertical fixing device 6 is fixed to the crossbeam 11 through two rows of bolts with a diameter of 30mm and a spacing of 150mm symmetrically arranged. The transverse actuator 2 is fixed together by a vertical fixing device 6 and a horizontal fixing device 5 . As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the transverse actuator 2 is fixed together by a horizontal fixing device 5 fixed to the diagonal brace 12 with bolts and a vertical fixing device 6 fixed to the cross beam 11 with bolts. The lower part of the vertical fixing device 6 is connected to the actuator. Solder connection. A rigid roller 10 is provided at the bottom of the vertical actuator 3 to adapt to the influence of the loading of the transverse actuator 2 on the position of the vertical actuator 3 . As shown in Figure 2, a rigid roller 10 is provided at the bottom of the vertical actuator 3. The rigid distribution beam 4 is placed vertically and symmetrically on the wheelset 8, and is fixed by welding to prevent the displacement of the rigid distribution beam 4 from exceeding the limit during the test. As shown in Figures 1, 3, and 4, a rigid distribution beam 4 is placed vertically and symmetrically on the axles of the two sets of wheel pairs 8 of the simulated bogie. The simulated bogie is connected through longitudinal connecting rod 9. As shown in Figures 1 to 4, two sets of wheel pairs 8 are placed on the rails, the distance between them is the fixed wheelbase of the high-speed train, and the simulated bogies are connected through longitudinal connecting rods 9. A groove with a size slightly larger than the head size of the longitudinal actuator 17 is provided on the side of the lock catch 16 to prevent the vertical and horizontal displacement of the longitudinal actuator 17 from exceeding the limit during the test. As shown in Figures 1 and 7, a circular groove slightly larger than the head size of the longitudinal actuator 17 is provided at symmetrical positions on both sides of the lock 16 to ensure that when the actuator head is placed in the center of the groove, the groove There is a gap of 1cm-2cm between the inner wall and the actuator head. As shown in Figure 9, the actuating head of the longitudinal actuator is a special-shaped actuating head, and the head size is larger than the tail size. As shown in Figure 8, the connection part between the lock buckle and the actuating head of the longitudinal actuator is arranged in the form of a slot to ensure that the longitudinal actuator does not detach from the lock buckle when moving in a direction away from the lock buckle. . As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the horizontal steel truss 15 is fixed on the diagonal brace 12 through three rows of bolts with a diameter of 30mm, and the longitudinal actuators 17-20 are respectively passed through four bolts with a diameter of 30mm and the horizontal fixing device 21- 24 are connected together, and the horizontal fixing devices 21 to 24 are welded together with the horizontal steel trusses 15 through the slots.
横向作动器2通过横向传力杆7将横向力传至轮对，其中横向传力杆7分为两部分，其中一部分为一块钢板和四根钢制圆柱体焊接而成的传力杆前端，另一部分是一根钢制圆柱体传力杆末端。传力杆前端由一块钢板和四根钢制圆柱体焊接而成，其相邻两根圆柱体间距为15cm，四根钢制圆柱体的直径为5cm，长度为2m，四根钢制圆柱体一端对称焊接于横向作动器2的作动头，另一端对称焊接于一块钢板，钢板的尺寸为30cm×30cm ×4cm。传力杆末端是一根钢制圆柱体，其直径为10cm，长度要使得其一端刚好与轮对的轴相接处，其另一端与钢板中心焊接。The transverse actuator 2 transmits the lateral force to the wheel set through the transverse dowel rod 7, which is divided into two parts, one part of which is the front end of the dowel rod welded by a steel plate and four steel cylinders. , the other part is the end of a steel cylinder dowel rod. The front end of the dowel rod is welded by a steel plate and four steel cylinders. The distance between two adjacent cylinders is 15cm. The diameter of the four steel cylinders is 5cm and the length is 2m. The four steel cylinders One end is symmetrically welded to the actuator head of the transverse actuator 2, and the other end is symmetrically welded to a steel plate. The size of the steel plate is 30cm × 30cm × 4cm. The end of the dowel rod is a steel cylinder with a diameter of 10cm and a length such that one end of it just meets the axis of the wheel set and the other end is welded to the center of the steel plate.
高速铁路轮轨垂横纵向力耦合加载模拟装置可以同时模拟列车实际运行时作用于轨道结构的垂向力、横向力和纵向力，使得试验结果更加贴合实际。用杆件连接两个轮对8，并使轴距为标准轴距，以模拟高速列车转向架，垂向力通过分配梁传递至轮对，横向力通过横向传力杆7传递至轮对，纵向力通过锁扣16传递至钢轨，这样就可以模拟列车实际运行中垂向力、横向力和纵向力对轨道结构的作用。垂向作动器3下部置于刚性分配梁4的凹槽中，两者之间设置刚性滚轮，允许垂向作动器3产生有限的移动以适应由于横向作动器2的加载对垂向作动器3位置的影响。纵向作动器17头部置于锁扣16的凹槽中，两者之间设置刚性滚珠，允许纵向作动器17产生有限的移动以适应由于横向作动器2和垂向作动器3的加载对纵向作动器17位置的影响。可以自由调节安装高度，向作动器输入预设的动力荷载时程，这样就可以对不同的轨道结构形式进行加载。The high-speed railway wheel-rail vertical, transverse and longitudinal force coupling loading simulation device can simultaneously simulate the vertical force, transverse force and longitudinal force acting on the track structure when the train is actually running, making the test results more realistic. Use rods to connect the two wheelsets 8, and make the wheelbase a standard wheelbase to simulate a high-speed train bogie. The vertical force is transmitted to the wheelset through the distribution beam, and the lateral force is transmitted to the wheelset through the transverse transmission rod 7. The longitudinal force is transmitted to the rail through the lock 16, so that the effects of vertical force, transverse force and longitudinal force on the track structure in actual train operation can be simulated. The lower part of the vertical actuator 3 is placed in the groove of the rigid distribution beam 4, and a rigid roller is set between the two, allowing the vertical actuator 3 to produce limited movement to adapt to the vertical change due to the loading of the transverse actuator 2. Effect of actuator 3 position. The head of the longitudinal actuator 17 is placed in the groove of the lock 16, and a rigid ball is set between the two, allowing the longitudinal actuator 17 to produce limited movement to adapt to the differences between the transverse actuator 2 and the vertical actuator 3. The influence of loading on the position of longitudinal actuator 17. The installation height can be adjusted freely and a preset dynamic load time course can be input to the actuator, so that different track structure forms can be loaded.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the art may think of changes or modifications within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention without creative efforts. All substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
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| CN207923437U (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-09-28 | 中南大学 | A kind of vertical transverse and longitudinal couple of force conjunction loading simulator of high-speed railway wheel track |
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