CN107436326B - Rapid nondestructive detection device and method for structural defects under high-speed railway track - Google Patents
Rapid nondestructive detection device and method for structural defects under high-speed railway track Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid nondestructive testing device for structural defects under a high-speed railway track, which comprises a signal transmitting unit, a signal receiving unit, a super-magneto transducer and a hub type vibration sensor, wherein the signal transmitting unit, the signal receiving unit, the super-magneto transducer and the hub type vibration sensor are all arranged on a track monitoring vehicle; the vibration control signal output end of the processor is connected with the signal input end of the super-magneto transducer through the signal transmitting unit, the signal output end of the hub type vibration sensor is connected with the signal input end of the signal receiving unit, the signal output end of the signal receiving unit is connected with the signal input end of the analog-to-digital conversion system, the signal output end of the analog-to-digital conversion system is connected with the vibration reflection signal input end of the processor, and the hub type vibration sensor rolls on the ballastless track plate to be detected and detects the vibration signal reflected by the ballastless track plate to be detected when the track monitoring vehicle detects the railway track. The invention does not need any coupling agent, has simple structure and strong environment adaptability, and can realize rapid scanning of structural defects under the ballastless track of the high-speed railway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive detection of service states and defects of structures under high-speed railway tracks, in particular to a rapid nondestructive detection device and a rapid nondestructive detection method for defects of structures under high-speed railway tracks.
Background
The formal operation time of the high-speed rail in China is short, the research of the ballastless track defect detection method is relatively lagged, and the high-speed rail base has various corresponding defect and defect forms due to the complex structure, wherein the bottom of the ballastless track supporting layer is seriously loosened to threaten the operation safety of the high-speed rail. At present, only Beijing university of transportation and each railway design institute develop ballastless track subgrade disease detection work.
The nondestructive testing of the ballastless track structure mainly adopts two methods of ground penetrating radar and impact elastic wave detection at present, because the ballastless track roadbed is usually closed by integral concrete, the gap between the bottom of the supporting layer and the foundation bed is very small, and the possible gap is only millimeter, the ground penetrating radar has low detection resolution, and the requirement of checking the millimeter-level void state at the bottom of the ballastless track supporting layer can not be met; in addition, the bottom of the concrete supporting layer contains steel bars, which shield radar electromagnetic wave signals and influence the detection precision of the bottom of the supporting layer in a void state. The impact elastic wave method is a method for effectively detecting the bottom void of a ballastless track supporting layer, which is proposed by a group company of a fourth exploration and design institute of railways (patent number: ZL 20151 0019699.0), is not influenced by shielding of reinforcing steel bars, judges whether the ballastless track supporting layer is void or not through waveform characteristics and spectrum characteristics of elastic waves, adopts a manual small hammer to strike and excite, acquires data in a point measurement mode, is unstable in striking and exciting energy, has poor measuring precision of measuring points and low working efficiency, and cannot meet the requirement of rapid detection of high-speed rails, so that an impact elastic wave detection device is necessary to be improved, and a rapid detection device is researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid nondestructive testing device and a rapid nondestructive testing method for structural defects under a high-speed railway track, and the rapid nondestructive testing device does not need to use any coupling agent, has a simple structure and strong environment adaptability, and can realize rapid scanning of the structural defects under the high-speed railway ballastless track.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a rapid nondestructive testing device for the structural defects under a high-speed railway track, which is characterized by comprising a track monitoring vehicle, a signal transmitting unit, a signal receiving unit, a super-magnetic transducer, a hub type vibration sensor, an analog-to-digital conversion system and a processor, wherein the signal transmitting unit, the signal receiving unit, the super-magnetic transducer and the hub type vibration sensor are all arranged on the track monitoring vehicle, and the super-magnetic transducer is used for vertically downwards exciting a high-frequency elastic wave signal of 500 HZ-10 kHZ on a ballastless track board to be tested; the vibration control signal output end of the processor is connected with the signal input end of the super-magnetic transducer through the signal transmitting unit, the signal output end of the hub type vibration sensor is connected with the signal input end of the signal receiving unit, the signal output end of the signal receiving unit is connected with the signal input end of the analog-to-digital conversion system, the signal output end of the analog-to-digital conversion system is connected with the vibration reflection signal input end of the processor, and the hub type vibration sensor rolls on a ballastless track plate to be tested and detects the reflection vibration signal of the high-frequency elastic wave signal when the track monitoring vehicle detects the railway track.
The rapid nondestructive detection method for the structural defects under the high-speed railway track by utilizing the device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: the track monitoring vehicle is arranged on a ballastless track plate to be tested;
step 2: the processor sends out a vibration control signal, the vibration control signal is transmitted to the super-magnetic transducer through the signal transmitting unit, and the super-magnetic transducer vertically downwards excites a high-frequency elastic wave signal of 500 HZ-10 KHZ on the tested ballastless track plate according to the received vibration control signal;
step 3: the high-frequency elastic wave signal excited by the super-magnetic transducer generates upward reflected waves when encountering loose mediums such as gaps, incompact defects and a CA mortar layer void surface of a multilayer concrete member below a ballastless track plate to be tested, the hub type vibration sensor collects the reflected wave signals and transmits the collected reflected wave signals to the processor through the signal receiving unit;
step 4: the processor firstly carries out Hilbert yellow transform (Hilbert-Huang) on the reflected wave signals, then carries out digital filtering, excellent spectrum analysis and analysis processing on the propagation speed of elastic waves in the multi-layer concrete component under the track sequentially to obtain an elastic wave radar section view and an excellent spectrum diagram, and can identify whether ballastless track plate gap, concrete non-compaction or support layer bottom void defects exist below the tested ballastless track plate by carrying out manual analysis on the elastic wave radar section view and the excellent spectrum diagram.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Compared with the traditional shock elastic wave method, the invention proposes to use the super-magnetic transducer to replace the traditional manual small hammer as an excitation source, and the super-magnetic transducer adopts a super-large magnetostrictive material rod as a basic structure, so that the super-magnetic transducer is suitable for the nondestructive detection signal emission source of structures such as mass concrete and the like. The method is characterized by large emission power, wide frequency band, good repeatability, small residual vibration, short and fixed time delay, high conversion efficiency and small volume, and is suitable for the detection requirement of the bottom void of the ballastless track supporting layer.
(2) Compared with the traditional shock elastic wave method, the invention provides a hub type sensor to replace a single sensor to receive vibration signals, namely a plurality of vibration sensors are built in the hub, and the like, so that continuous rolling measurement is realized, and the test speed is greatly increased.
(3) Compared with the traditional shock elastic wave method, the invention provides a rapid nondestructive testing method and a rapid nondestructive testing device for analyzing and processing the acquired signals in real time, and the results can be rapidly imaged to visually reflect the defects.
(4) Compared with the traditional artificial single-point data acquisition by the impact elastic wave method, the rapid nondestructive testing method and the device provided by the invention realize automatic continuous rolling measurement, have high testing efficiency, and are particularly suitable for operating the skylight time operation of the high-speed railway.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the layout of nondestructive testing survey lines of a high-speed rail ballastless track;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a shock elastic wave radar in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of spectrum analysis in the present invention;
fig. 5 is a plan view of a defect in the present invention.
Wherein, 1-track monitoring vehicle, 2-super magneto transducer, 3-hub vibration sensor, 4-signal transmitting unit, 5-signal receiving unit, 6-analog-digital conversion system, 7-processor, 8-memory unit, 9-display unit, 10-tested ballastless track plate, 11-measuring line, 12-CA mortar layer, 13-supporting layer, 14-auxiliary running wheel
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples:
according to the rapid nondestructive testing device for the structural defects under the high-speed railway track, the super-magnetic transducer is used as an excitation source to excite high-frequency elastic wave signals on the ballastless track plate, the elastic wave signals can reflect when encountering loose media such as holes at the bottom of a supporting layer and a void surface, the reflection signals under the ballastless track are received through the hub sensor, and the positions of the structural defects or diseases under the ballastless track can be identified by receiving the reflection signals and performing corresponding frequency spectrum and image processing, so that the rapid nondestructive testing purpose for the structural defects under the high-speed railway track is achieved. The device is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a track monitoring vehicle 1 (provided with four auxiliary running wheels 14), a signal transmitting unit 4, a signal receiving unit 5, a super-magneto transducer 2, a hub type vibration sensor 3, an analog-to-digital conversion system 6 and a processor 7, wherein the signal transmitting unit 4, the signal receiving unit 5, the super-magneto transducer 2 and the hub type vibration sensor 3 are all arranged on the track monitoring vehicle 1, the super-magneto transducer 2 is used for vertically downwards exciting a high-frequency elastic wave signal of 500 HZ-10 kHZ on a ballastless track slab 10 to be tested (the structural defect of concrete under the track is smaller and is generally in a thickness of a few millimeters, the elastic wave frequency reaches 500 HZ-10 kHZ so as to effectively distinguish the defect, and the reason of selecting the elastic wave is that the electromagnetic wave is interfered by a track slab reinforcing steel bar network, a coupling agent is required during ultrasonic detection, and the detection efficiency is slow); the vibration control signal output end of the processor 7 is connected with the signal input end of the super-magneto transducer 2 through the signal transmitting unit 4, the signal output end of the hub type vibration sensor 3 is connected with the signal input end of the signal receiving unit 5, the signal output end of the signal receiving unit 5 is connected with the signal input end of the analog-to-digital conversion system 6, the signal output end of the analog-to-digital conversion system 6 is connected with the vibration reflection signal input end of the processor 7, and the hub type vibration sensor 3 rolls on the ballastless track slab 10 to be tested and detects vibration signals (reflection vibration signals of high-frequency elastic wave signals) reflected on the ballastless track slab 10 to be tested when the track monitoring car 1 detects the railway tracks.
In the above technical scheme, the vibration signal transmitting end of the super-magneto transducer 2 and the hub type vibration sensor 3 are positioned on the same straight line, and the center wheel in the hub type vibration sensor 3 can roll along the railway line direction on the ballastless track plate 10 to be tested.
In the above technical scheme, the hub type vibration sensor 3 is composed of four vibration sensors and a central wheel, the four vibration sensors are uniformly embedded on the wheel surface of the central wheel at intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction (the effect of detecting the 4 vibration sensors of the concrete device in 1m below the track plate is optimal), and the signal output ends of the four vibration sensors are all connected with the signal input end of the signal receiving unit 5.
In the above technical scheme, the display device further comprises a storage unit 8 and a display unit 9, wherein the data storage end of the processor 7 is connected with the data storage end of the storage unit 8, and the display signal output end of the processor 7 is connected with the signal input end of the display unit 9.
In the above technical scheme, the distance between the vibration signal transmitting end of the super-magneto transducer 2 and the hub type vibration sensor 3 is 0.05-0.2 m. By adjusting the distance between excitation and reception, the influence of multiple reflections of the elastic wave can be effectively suppressed.
In the above technical solution, the processor 7 has the functions of controlling the signal transmitting unit 4 and the signal receiving unit 5, and has the functions of real-time shock elastic wave waveform display and spectrum analysis.
The conventional shock elastic wave detection method has two defects in the nondestructive detection of the structural defects below the operation high-speed rail ballastless track: 1. the excitation energy of the artificial small hammer is unstable, the residual vibration is large, and the artificial small hammer is easy to be interfered; 2. the operation high-speed rail detection is implemented in the time of maintaining the skylight of the high-speed rail, the time of maintaining the skylight is generally within 3 hours, the conventional shock elastic wave detector adopts a single-point measurement mode, the data acquisition is long in time consumption, the coupling of the detectors is difficult, and the working efficiency is low.
Aiming at the first disadvantage, the invention provides a nondestructive testing signal emission source which adopts the super-magnetic transducer 2 to replace the traditional manual small hammer as an excitation source, and adopts a super-large magnetostrictive material rod as a basic structure, thereby being applicable to structures such as mass concrete and the like. The method is characterized by large emission power, wide frequency band, good repeatability, small residual vibration, short and fixed time delay, high conversion efficiency and small volume, and is suitable for the detection requirement of the bottom void of the ballastless track supporting layer.
Aiming at the second disadvantage, the invention provides a hub type vibration sensor 3 for receiving vibration signals, namely a plurality of vibration sensors are built in the hub, so that continuous rolling measurement is realized, and the test speed is greatly increased.
The rapid nondestructive detection method for the structural defects under the high-speed railway track by utilizing the device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: the track monitoring vehicle 1 is arranged on a ballastless track plate 10 to be tested;
step 2: the processor 7 sends out a vibration control signal, the vibration control signal is transmitted to the super-magneto transducer 2 through the signal transmitting unit 4, and the super-magneto transducer 2 vertically downwards excites a high-frequency elastic wave signal of 500 HZ-10 KHZ on the ballastless track plate 10 to be tested according to the received vibration control signal;
step 3: the high-frequency elastic wave signal excited by the super-magnetic transducer 2 generates upward reflected waves when encountering loose mediums such as gaps, non-compact defects and a CA mortar layer void surface of a multilayer concrete member below the ballastless track plate 10 to be tested, the hub type vibration sensor 3 collects the reflected wave signals and transmits the collected reflected wave signals to the processor 7 through the signal receiving unit 5;
step 4: the processor 7 firstly performs hilbert yellow transform (for suppressing low-frequency and high-frequency random noise) on the reflected wave signals, then sequentially performs digital filtering, excellent spectrum analysis and analysis processing on the propagation speed of elastic waves in the multi-layer concrete component under the track to obtain an elastic wave radar section view and an excellent spectrum, and can identify whether the ballastless track plate gap, the concrete non-compaction or the support layer bottom void defect and the defect depth position exist in the CA mortar layer 12 and the support layer 13 under the tested ballastless track plate 10 by manually analyzing the elastic wave radar section view and the excellent spectrum.
In the above technical solution, when the elastic wave radar profile and the excellent spectrogram are manually analyzed, for a road section with a good structure below the tested ballastless track slab 10, the waveform of the elastic wave radar profile is complete and regular, the elastic wave radar profile is in a normal attenuation form, the excellent spectrogram is in a stable main frequency and integrally in a single-peak form, and for the condition that the ballastless track slab is separated from a seam, the concrete is not compact or the bottom of a supporting layer is hollow in the structure below the tested ballastless track slab 10, the elastic wave radar profile is in a waveform disorder and in-phase axis discontinuous characteristic, and the excellent spectrogram is in a descending main frequency and multimodal form.
In step 1 of the above technical solution, when the track monitoring vehicle 1 is set on the ballastless track board 10 to be tested, one vibration sensor of the hub vibration sensors 3 is attached to the ballastless track board 10 to be tested;
the step 4 further includes a step 5: the rail monitoring vehicle 1 moves forward along the rail by 1/4 of the circumference of the central wheel of the hub type vibration sensor 3, and then the inspection operation of steps 2 to 4 is repeated.
In the above technical scheme, 5 to 8 measuring lines 11 are drawn in parallel on the ballastless track slab 10 to be tested (the denser the measuring lines 11 are, the higher the transverse resolution is, but the influence of the track is limited, generally only 5 to 8 measuring lines 11 can be arranged, the specific single measuring line 11 is equivalent to 2-dimensional cross section scanning along the rail direction, a plurality of measuring lines are uniformly distributed on the track slab, and the 3-dimensional integral evaluation of the structural integrity of the multilayer concrete below the track slab is facilitated), as shown in fig. 2, the detection operation is carried out on each measuring line according to the method from step 1 to step 5.
In the above technical solution, the processor 7 plays back the collected reflected wave signal, checks the data, and re-detects the data segment with poor data quality and disturbance of the vibration signal. After the data inspection is finished, the processor 7 can process the collected data in real time, and has the following functions: noise suppression, spectral analysis, correlation analysis, filtering processing, elastic wave radar cross-section, fast planar imaging, 3D graphical display. The detection result graph has the following forms: elastic wave radar cross section, spectrum analysis, rapid planar imaging of structural defects, and FIG. 5 are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. And identifying the position of the structural defect or disease at the lower part of the ballastless track by analyzing the elastic wave radar sectional view, the frequency spectrum analysis view and the structural defect rapid plane imaging. For the road section with good lower structure of the ballastless track, the detected waveform is complete and regular, is in a normal attenuation form, has stable main frequency on the frequency spectrum and is integrally in a unimodal form, and for the defects of holes, cracks and the like of the lower structure of the ballastless track, the detected waveform is disordered, and the main frequency on the frequency spectrum is reduced and is in a multimodal form.
In step 3 of the above technical solution, the acquisition time for the hub type vibration sensor 3 to acquire the reflected wave signal is 1-2 ms.
What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The rapid nondestructive testing device for the structural defects under the high-speed railway track is characterized by comprising a track monitoring vehicle (1), a signal transmitting unit (4), a signal receiving unit (5), a super-magnetic transducer (2), a hub type vibration sensor (3), an analog-to-digital conversion system (6) and a processor (7), wherein the signal transmitting unit (4), the signal receiving unit (5), the super-magnetic transducer (2) and the hub type vibration sensor (3) are arranged on the track monitoring vehicle (1), and the super-magnetic transducer (2) is used for exciting high-frequency elastic wave signals of 500 HZ-10 kHZ on a tested ballastless track plate (10) vertically downwards; the vibration control signal output end of the processor (7) is connected with the signal input end of the super-magneto transducer (2) through the signal transmitting unit (4), the signal output end of the hub type vibration sensor (3) is connected with the signal input end of the signal receiving unit (5), the signal output end of the signal receiving unit (5) is connected with the signal input end of the analog-to-digital conversion system (6), the signal output end of the analog-to-digital conversion system (6) is connected with the vibration reflection signal input end of the processor (7), and the hub type vibration sensor (3) rolls on a ballastless track plate (10) to be tested and detects the reflection vibration signal of the high-frequency elastic wave signal when the track monitoring vehicle (1) detects the railway track;
the hub type vibration sensor (3) consists of four vibration sensors and a central wheel, and the four vibration sensors are uniformly embedded on the wheel surface of the central wheel at intervals of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction.
2. The rapid nondestructive testing device for structural defects under high-speed railway rails according to claim 1, wherein: the vibration signal transmitting end of the super-magnetic transducer (2) and the hub type vibration sensor (3) are positioned on the same straight line, and a center wheel in the hub type vibration sensor (3) can roll along the railway line direction on the ballastless track plate (10) to be tested.
3. The rapid nondestructive testing device for structural defects under high-speed railway rails according to claim 1, wherein: the display device further comprises a storage unit (8) and a display unit (9), wherein the data storage end of the processor (7) is connected with the data storage end of the storage unit (8), and the display signal output end of the processor (7) is connected with the signal input end of the display unit (9).
4. The rapid nondestructive testing device for structural defects under high-speed railway rails according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the vibration signal transmitting end of the super-magnetic transducer (2) and the hub type vibration sensor (3) is 0.05-0.2 m.
5. A method for rapid nondestructive inspection of structural defects under a high speed railway rail using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the track monitoring vehicle (1) is arranged on a ballastless track board (10) to be tested;
step 2: the processor (7) sends out a vibration control signal, the vibration control signal is transmitted to the super-magnetic transducer (2) through the signal transmitting unit (4), and the super-magnetic transducer (2) vertically downwards excites a high-frequency elastic wave signal of 500 HZ-10 kHZ on the ballastless track plate (10) to be tested according to the received vibration control signal;
step 3: the high-frequency elastic wave signal excited by the super-magnetic transducer (2) generates upward reflected waves when encountering loose mediums such as gaps, non-compact defects and a CA mortar layer void surface of a multilayer concrete member below the ballastless track plate (10) to be tested, the hub type vibration sensor (3) collects the reflected wave signals, and the collected reflected wave signals are transmitted to the processor (7) through the signal receiving unit (5);
step 4: the processor (7) firstly carries out Hilbert yellow transformation on the reflected wave signals, then carries out digital filtering, excellent spectrum analysis and analysis processing on the propagation speed of elastic waves in the multi-layer concrete component under the track sequentially to obtain an elastic wave radar section view and an excellent spectrum diagram, and can identify whether the ballastless track plate gap, the concrete non-compaction or the support layer bottom void defect exists below the tested ballastless track plate (10) by carrying out manual analysis on the elastic wave radar section view and the excellent spectrum diagram.
6. The rapid nondestructive testing method for structural defects under a high-speed railway rail according to claim 5, wherein the rapid nondestructive testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the elastic wave radar section and the excellent spectrogram are manually analyzed, for a road section with a good structure below the ballastless track plate (10) to be tested, the waveform of the elastic wave radar section is complete and regular and is in a normal attenuation form, the excellent spectrogram is in a stable main frequency and integrally in a unimodal form, and for the condition that the structure below the ballastless track plate (10) is in a gap of the ballastless track plate, the concrete is not compact or the bottom of the supporting layer is void, the elastic wave radar section is in a waveform disorder and a discontinuous characteristic of a same phase shaft, and the excellent spectrogram is in a descending main frequency and a multimodal form.
7. The rapid nondestructive testing method for structural defects under a high-speed railway rail according to claim 5, wherein the rapid nondestructive testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 1, when the track monitoring vehicle (1) is arranged on a ballastless track plate (10) to be tested, one vibration sensor in the hub type vibration sensor (3) is attached to the ballastless track plate (10) to be tested;
the step 4 further includes a step 5: the track monitoring vehicle (1) moves forward along the track by 1/4 of the circumference of the central wheel of the hub type vibration sensor (3), and then the checking operation of the steps 2-4 is repeated.
8. The rapid nondestructive testing method for structural defects under a high-speed railway rail according to claim 5, wherein the rapid nondestructive testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) drawing a plurality of measuring lines (11) on the ballastless track plate (10) to be tested in parallel along the line direction, and detecting each measuring line according to the methods from step 1 to step 5.
9. The rapid nondestructive testing method for structural defects under a high-speed railway rail according to claim 5, wherein the rapid nondestructive testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 3, the acquisition time for acquiring the reflected wave signal by the hub type vibration sensor (3) is 1-2 ms.
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| CN108241044B (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2020-11-27 | 中国铁路成都局集团有限公司成都高铁工务段 | Rapid detection method for seam separation and void degree |
| CN108387642B (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2021-03-16 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Ballastless track detection device and method |
| CN109208568A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-15 | 北京瑞威世纪铁道工程有限公司 | Non-fragment orbit Defect inspection method and detection system |
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