CN107280788B - Dental implant - Google Patents

Dental implant Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107280788B
CN107280788B CN201610222541.8A CN201610222541A CN107280788B CN 107280788 B CN107280788 B CN 107280788B CN 201610222541 A CN201610222541 A CN 201610222541A CN 107280788 B CN107280788 B CN 107280788B
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medical
porous material
dental implant
artificial dental
alloy
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CN107280788A (en
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叶雷
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Chongqing Runze Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Chongqing Runze Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0012Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0018Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

An artificial tooth implant is composed of main body, neck and base part, at least the surface of neck and base has porous material, the holes of porous material of neck and base are communicated, the holes of porous material of neck and base are also communicated, and the diameter of porous material of base is less than 500 nm.

Description

Dental implant
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dental implantation, in particular to an artificial dental implant.
Background
In recent years, with the development of dental implant technology, dental implants have become one of the main repair methods for dentition loss and defects. Compared with other traditional repair methods such as complete dentures, partial removable dentures and fixed dentures, the dental implant has the obvious advantages that: firstly, the function is strong, the function of the teeth can be well recovered, and the chewing function is greatly superior to that of other traditional false teeth; secondly, the tooth is not ground, the tooth can be repaired by depending on the artificial tooth root of the tooth, and the healthy tooth beside the tooth is not ground, so that the tooth is not damaged; moreover, the fixture is good, a traditional clamping ring or tooth socket for inserting teeth is not used, the alveolar bone of the artificial tooth root is tightly combined, and the artificial tooth root is rooted in the oral cavity like real teeth, so that the fixture has strong fixture force and stability; in addition, the implant is beautiful, the crown can be manufactured according to the shape of the face of a patient and the shapes and the colors of other teeth, the best effect of integral coordination and beauty is achieved, the implant is comfortable and convenient, a base and a clamping ring which are necessary for moving the false teeth are not used, foreign body feeling is avoided, the implant is very comfortable and convenient, the cleanness and the sanitation of the oral cavity are kept, the operation is simple, the implant operation is a small alveolar surgical operation, the implant is similar to tooth extraction, local anesthesia is adopted, the wound is small, and the implant can be eaten after the operation, and almost no pain exists. Generally, the implant implantation can be completed in tens of minutes to hours. Because the selected biological material has excellent compatibility with the human body, the dental implant does not produce any adverse side effect on the human body.
The artificial dental implant consists of a body part, a neck part and an abutment, wherein the body part is the part of the implant implanted into human tissues, the neck part is the lower half part of the abutment and plays a role in connecting the body part with the abutment, and the abutment is the part of the implant exposed out of alveolar bones and mucous membranes and provides supporting, fixing and stabilizing effects for the artificial denture of the upper structure of the abutment. At present, the abutment of the dental implant is made of solid materials, so that the tissue liquid exchange between the implanted part and the exposed part of the dental implant cannot be realized, the fusion of the implanted dental implant and human tissues is not facilitated, and the fusion of the dental implant and the surrounding bone tissues is slow.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a novel artificial dental implant which can shorten the fusion time of the dental implant and human bone tissues after implantation.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the artificial dental implant consists of body part, neck part and abutment part, and at least the neck part and the abutment have porous material on their surface, the pores of the porous material in the neck part and the porous material in the abutment are communicated, and the pores of the porous material in the neck part and the porous material in the abutment are also communicated, so that the pore size of the porous material in the abutment is below 500nm, and this can realize the tissue liquid exchange between the implanted part and the exposed part of the dental implant and prevent bacteria from entering.
Furthermore, the artificial dental implant has the advantages that the pore size of the porous material of the abutment is less than 400nm, so that the entry of bacteria can be better prevented.
Furthermore, the thickness of the neck porous material and the base porous material of the artificial dental implant is 100-1000 mu m, so that the tissue liquid transmission is ensured to have a good effect.
Furthermore, the whole abutment of the artificial dental implant is made of porous materials, so that the tissue liquid transmission effect is better, the artificial dental implant has a buffering effect, and the impact of the chewing force of teeth on a gum can be buffered.
Furthermore, the whole neck of the artificial dental implant is made of porous material, so that the tissue liquid transmission effect is better, and the impact of the chewing force of teeth on the gum can be buffered.
Furthermore, the whole abutment and the whole neck of the artificial dental implant are made of porous materials, so that the tissue liquid transmission effect is better, the abutment and the neck are not easy to break off, and the impact effect of buffering the chewing force of teeth on a gum is better.
Furthermore, the porosity of the porous material of the abutment of the artificial dental implant is 40-70%, so that the tissue liquid transmission effect is good, and the buffering effect is good.
Furthermore, the porosity of the porous material of the abutment of the artificial dental implant is 60-70%, so that the tissue liquid transmission effect is better, and the buffering effect is better.
Furthermore, the aperture of the porous material at the neck part of the artificial dental implant is 5-50 mu m, so that the liquid transmission of the tissue is ensured, the soft tissue can grow in, and the infection caused by the bacteria entering the interior from the interface between the neck part and the soft tissue of the artificial dental implant is avoided.
Furthermore, the pore size of the porous material at the neck part of the artificial dental implant is 10-20 mu m, which is more favorable for soft tissue ingrowth.
Furthermore, the porous material of the artificial dental implant is prepared from medical tantalum and alloy, medical titanium and alloy, medical niobium and alloy, medical cobalt-based alloy, medical stainless steel, carbonyl apatite, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, alumina and zirconia.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) after the artificial dental implant is implanted, if tissue liquid exchange is not carried out between an implanted part and an exposed part, the dental implant is difficult to fuse with human tissues, the fusion time is long, porous materials are arranged on at least the neck part and the surface of the base platform of the artificial dental implant, the respective holes of the porous material of the neck part and the porous material of the base platform are communicated, the holes of the porous material of the neck part and the porous material of the base platform are also communicated, the tissue liquid exchange between the implanted part and the exposed part is realized, and the fusion of the dental implant and the human tissues is accelerated; meanwhile, as the number of bacteria in the oral cavity is more than 500 and more than 200 hundred million, the artificial dental implant is easy to cause infection after being implanted, and the dental implant provided by the invention can effectively prevent the bacteria from entering the human body to avoid infection.
(2) The thickness of the neck porous material and the base platform porous material is set to be 100-1000 mu m, so that the tissue liquid can be transmitted with a good effect.
(3) The whole abutment and the whole neck are made of porous materials, so that the tissue liquid transmission effect is better, the impact of the chewing force of teeth on a gum can be effectively buffered, the effect is better when the porosity of the porous material of the abutment is set to be 40% -70%, and the effect is better when the porosity of the porous material of the abutment is set to be 60% -70%.
(4) The aperture of the porous material of the neck is set to be 5-50 mu m, so that tissue liquid transmission is guaranteed, soft tissue can grow in, infection caused by bacteria entering the interior from the interface of the neck of the artificial dental implant and the soft tissue is avoided, and when the aperture is set to be 10-20 mu m, the soft tissue can grow in more easily and more deeply.
Drawings
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the embodiments and drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an artificial dental implant according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following description will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are provided to explain the embodiments of the present invention in detail and to explain the detailed embodiments and the specific operation procedures based on the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in the figure, 1 is a base, 2 is a neck, and 3 is a body.
Examples of the invention are given in detail below:
example 1
Sequentially grinding and polishing the surfaces of the abutment and the neck by 400#, 600#, 800#, 1200# carborundum paper, ultrasonically cleaning by absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, blow-drying, and immersing the abutment and the neck of the pure titanium artificial dental implant into 0.4mol/L H3PO4And applying 300V voltage to the solution to perform micro-arc oxidation treatment, wherein after the treatment, a porous layer with the thickness of 50 mu m-70 mu m and through holes is formed on the surfaces of the artificial dental implant abutment and the neck, and the hole diameter is 420 nm-460 nm. The porosity was 40%.
The experiment for comparing the artificial dental implant and the abutment with the artificial dental implant without the holes on the surface of the neck to implant the maxillary tooth of the dog shows that the time for fusing the artificial dental implant and the alveolar bone is only 134 days, and the time for implanting the artificial dental implant with the holes on the surface of the abutment and the neck is 160 days.
Example 2
Uniformly mixing carbonyl apatite powder with the particle size of below 150nm and starch with the particle size of 340nm-400nm according to the volume ratio of 1:2, mixing the mixed powder and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the volume ratio of 3:2 to prepare slurry, coating the slurry on a base platform and a neck part of a prepared pure titanium artificial dental implant blank, wherein the thickness is not less than 2mm, drying, sintering, and further machining to enable a porous carbonyl apatite layer with through holes to be arranged on the surfaces of the base platform and the neck part of the pure titanium artificial dental implant, the hole diameter is 280nm-340nm, and the thickness of the porous layer is 100 mu m. The porosity was 65%.
Example 3
This example is similar to example 2, except that the porous layer material was tricalcium phosphate, the thickness of the porous layer was 1000 μm, and the porosity was 70%.
Example 4
Preparing mixed powder of niobium powder and starch by the method of example 2, preparing a mold according to the shape and size of a base, putting the mixed powder into the mold, compacting and sintering the compacted mixed powder to form a porous niobium base with the pore diameter of 280nm-340nm and through holes, wherein the porosity of the base is 50%. Preparing an artificial dental implant blank having a neck portion and a body portion, connecting the artificial dental implant blank with an abutment by vacuum brazing, and preparing a porous niobium layer of 400 μm thickness on the neck portion of the artificial dental implant blank according to the method of example 2 to prepare the artificial dental implant.
Example 5
The abutment was fabricated using a solid conirmo alloy, and a 720 μm thick through-hole porous conirmo alloy layer was fabricated on the outer surface with a porosity of 60% with reference to the method of example 2. Referring to the method of example 4, a neck portion integrally made of a porous CoNiCrMo alloy and having through holes with a pore size of 5 to 50 μm is prepared, a body portion is prepared from the CoNiCrMo alloy, and the abutment, the neck portion and the body portion are connected together by vacuum brazing to form the artificial dental implant.
Example 6
According to the method in the embodiment 4, the abutment integrally formed by porous tantalum and communicated with the hole is prepared, the hole diameter is 300-360 nm, the porosity is 66%, then the neck integrally formed by porous tantalum and communicated with the hole is prepared, the hole diameter is 10-20 mu m, the porosity is 70%, the body part is prepared by tantalum, and the abutment, the neck and the body part are connected together by vacuum brazing to form the artificial dental implant.

Claims (29)

1. The artificial tooth implant consists of body part, neck part and base part, and features that at least the neck part and the base have porous material in the surface, the porous material in the neck part and the porous material in the base have through holes, and the porous material in the neck part and the porous material in the base have through holes of 500nm or less.
2. The artificial dental implant of claim 1, wherein: the porous material of the base has a pore size of 400nm or less.
3. The artificial dental implant of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the thickness of the neck porous material and the base porous material is 100-1000 μm.
4. The artificial dental implant of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the whole base platform is made of porous materials.
5. The artificial dental implant of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the whole neck is made of porous material.
6. The artificial dental implant of claim 4, wherein: the whole neck is made of porous material.
7. The artificial dental implant of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the porosity of the porous material of the base platform is 40% -70%.
8. The artificial dental implant of claim 3, wherein: the porosity of the porous material of the base platform is 40% -70%.
9. The artificial dental implant of claim 4, wherein: the porosity of the porous material of the base platform is 40% -70%.
10. The artificial dental implant of claim 5, wherein: the porosity of the porous material of the base platform is 40% -70%.
11. The artificial dental implant of claim 6, wherein: the porosity of the porous material of the base platform is 40% -70%.
12. The artificial dental implant of claim 7, wherein: the porosity of the porous material of the base platform is 60% -70%.
13. The artificial dental implant of claim 8, 9, 10 or 11, wherein: the porosity of the porous material of the base platform is 60% -70%.
14. The artificial dental implant of claim 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, wherein: the pore diameter of the porous material of the neck part is 5-50 μm.
15. The artificial dental implant of claim 3, wherein: the pore diameter of the porous material of the neck part is 5-50 μm.
16. The artificial dental implant of claim 4, wherein: the pore diameter of the porous material of the neck part is 5-50 μm.
17. The artificial dental implant of claim 5, wherein: the pore diameter of the porous material of the neck part is 5-50 μm.
18. The artificial dental implant of claim 7, wherein: the pore diameter of the porous material of the neck part is 5-50 μm.
19. The artificial dental implant of claim 13, wherein: the pore diameter of the porous material of the neck part is 5-50 μm.
20. The artificial dental implant of claim 14, wherein: the pore diameter of the porous material of the neck part is 10-20 μm.
21. The artificial dental implant of claim 15, 16, 17, 18 or 19, wherein: the pore diameter of the porous material of the neck part is 10-20 μm.
22. The artificial dental implant of claim 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, wherein: the porous material is prepared from medical tantalum or tantalum alloy, medical titanium or titanium alloy, medical niobium or niobium alloy, medical cobalt-based alloy, medical stainless steel, carbonyl apatite, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, alumina or zirconia.
23. The artificial dental implant of claim 3, wherein: the porous material is prepared from medical tantalum or tantalum alloy, medical titanium or titanium alloy, medical niobium or niobium alloy, medical cobalt-based alloy, medical stainless steel, carbonyl apatite, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, alumina or zirconia.
24. The artificial dental implant of claim 4, wherein: the porous material is prepared from medical tantalum or tantalum alloy, medical titanium or titanium alloy, medical niobium or niobium alloy, medical cobalt-based alloy, medical stainless steel, carbonyl apatite, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, alumina or zirconia.
25. The artificial dental implant of claim 5, wherein: the porous material is prepared from medical tantalum or tantalum alloy, medical titanium or titanium alloy, medical niobium or niobium alloy, medical cobalt-based alloy, medical stainless steel, carbonyl apatite, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, alumina or zirconia.
26. The artificial dental implant of claim 7, wherein: the porous material is prepared from medical tantalum or tantalum alloy, medical titanium or titanium alloy, medical niobium or niobium alloy, medical cobalt-based alloy, medical stainless steel, carbonyl apatite, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, alumina or zirconia.
27. The artificial dental implant of claim 13, wherein: the porous material is prepared from medical tantalum or tantalum alloy, medical titanium or titanium alloy, medical niobium or niobium alloy, medical cobalt-based alloy, medical stainless steel, carbonyl apatite, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, alumina or zirconia.
28. The artificial dental implant of claim 14, wherein: the porous material is prepared from medical tantalum or tantalum alloy, medical titanium or titanium alloy, medical niobium or niobium alloy, medical cobalt-based alloy, medical stainless steel, carbonyl apatite, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, alumina or zirconia.
29. The artificial dental implant of claim 21, wherein: the porous material is prepared from medical tantalum or tantalum alloy, medical titanium or titanium alloy, medical niobium or niobium alloy, medical cobalt-based alloy, medical stainless steel, carbonyl apatite, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, alumina or zirconia.
CN201610222541.8A 2016-04-12 2016-04-12 Dental implant Active CN107280788B (en)

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CN107280788B true CN107280788B (en) 2020-05-26

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203183060U (en) * 2013-03-19 2013-09-11 重庆润泽医药有限公司 Dental implant
CN203852440U (en) * 2014-05-29 2014-10-01 重庆润泽医药有限公司 Spiral implant tooth structure

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203183060U (en) * 2013-03-19 2013-09-11 重庆润泽医药有限公司 Dental implant
CN203852440U (en) * 2014-05-29 2014-10-01 重庆润泽医药有限公司 Spiral implant tooth structure

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