CN106847037A - A kind of body mould and its preparation for mammary gland Microcalcification clinical training - Google Patents
A kind of body mould and its preparation for mammary gland Microcalcification clinical training Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模及其制备，所述体模包括模体外壳和填充在模体外壳内的模拟腺体组织、若干模拟钙化物，所述模体外壳为聚乙烯材料，所述模拟腺体组织为质量比1:10吉利丁粉和纯净水的组合物，所述模拟钙化物为小钢珠或蛋壳类物质，本发明可进行模拟三维立体定位的穿刺活检，采用透明体模，克服了以往看不见病灶的弊端，使得乳腺X线引导下的穿刺更加直观，便于理解学习体模取出的病灶(即小钢珠或蛋壳类物质)，且可以重复利用，节约资源。The present invention proposes a phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification and its preparation. The phantom includes a phantom shell, simulated glandular tissue filled in the phantom shell, and several simulated calcifications. The phantom The shell is made of polyethylene material, the simulated glandular tissue is a composition of gelatin powder and purified water with a mass ratio of 1:10, and the simulated calcification is small steel balls or eggshell substances. The present invention can simulate three-dimensional stereotaxic positioning Puncture biopsy, using a transparent phantom, overcomes the disadvantages of invisible lesions in the past, makes the puncture under the guidance of mammography more intuitive, and is easy to understand the lesions (that is, small steel balls or eggshell substances) taken out of the learning phantom, and can Reuse and save resources.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及医疗培训设备，具体涉及一种用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模及其制备。The invention relates to medical training equipment, in particular to a phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification and its preparation.
背景技术Background technique
乳腺癌的发病率逐年上升，严重威胁女性的健康，乳腺X线摄影的优势在于发现细小、簇状的有恶性可能的钙化，对于乳腺内微小钙化且临床不能触及肿块、超声阴性的患者行数字化乳腺X线引导下穿刺活检，该方法定位准确,切除完整,术中腺体损伤小。在临床培训时，国内大多数医院和医疗器械厂家采用的均是用牛肉模拟人体组织，虽然组织与腺体接近，但由于不透明，使得学习者、观摩者不能直观的看见病灶与腺体、与穿刺针的位置关系。而目前国内并没有类似的可以解决问题的腺体体模，因此，需要研制一个与人体相近的透明体模，克服以往看不见病灶的弊端，使得乳腺X线引导下的穿刺更加直观，便于理解学习。The incidence of breast cancer is increasing year by year, which seriously threatens women's health. The advantage of mammography is to find small and clustered calcifications with malignant potential. Digitalization is performed for patients with tiny calcifications in the breast, clinically inaccessible masses, and negative ultrasound Mammography-guided needle biopsy, this method has accurate positioning, complete resection, and less glandular damage during the operation. In clinical training, most domestic hospitals and medical device manufacturers use beef to simulate human tissue. Although the tissue is close to the gland, due to its opacity, the learners and observers cannot intuitively see the lesion, the gland, and the The positional relationship of the puncture needle. At present, there is no similar glandular phantom that can solve the problem in China. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a transparent phantom that is similar to the human body, to overcome the disadvantages of invisible lesions in the past, and to make the mammography-guided puncture more intuitive and easy to understand. study.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述存在的问题，本发明提出了一种用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模及其制备，本发明可进行模拟三维立体定位的穿刺活检，采用透明体模，克服了以往看不见病灶的弊端，使得乳腺X线引导下的穿刺更加直观，便于理解学习体模取出的病灶(即小钢珠或蛋壳类物质)，且可以重复利用，节约资源。In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes a phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification and its preparation. The present invention can perform puncture biopsy simulating three-dimensional stereotaxic positioning, and adopts a transparent phantom, which overcomes the problem of invisible lesions in the past. The disadvantages make the mammography-guided puncture more intuitive, easy to understand the lesions (that is, small steel balls or eggshells) taken out of the learning phantom, and can be reused to save resources.
为了实现上述的目的，本发明采用以下的技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模，包括模体外壳和填充在模体外壳内的模拟腺体组织、若干模拟钙化物，所述模体外壳为聚乙烯材料，所述模拟腺体组织为质量比1:10吉利丁粉和纯净水的组合物，所述模拟钙化物为小钢珠或蛋壳类物质。A phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification, comprising a phantom shell, simulated gland tissue filled in the phantom shell, and several simulated calcifications, the phantom shell is made of polyethylene material, and the simulated gland The tissue is a composition of gelatin powder and purified water with a mass ratio of 1:10, and the simulated calcification is small steel balls or eggshell substances.
优选的，所述模体外壳为半径6.5cm、厚4.5cm的透明扁平状半圆球，模体外壳体积为298.5cm3，本发明模体外壳模拟的是亚洲女性的乳腺大小，具体的将模拟腺体组织的溶液填满模体外壳后，测出模体外壳内液体重量约为328.35g。Preferably, the phantom shell is a transparent flat hemisphere with a radius of 6.5 cm and a thickness of 4.5 cm. The volume of the phantom shell is 298.5 cm 3 . The phantom shell of the present invention simulates the breast size of Asian women. Specifically, it will simulate After the solution of the gland tissue filled the shell of the phantom, the weight of the liquid in the shell of the phantom was measured to be about 328.35g.
优选的，用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模的制备，步骤如下：Preferably, the preparation of a phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcifications involves the following steps:
1)按质量比称取吉利丁粉和纯净水，先将吉利丁粉放入器皿中加热搅拌至充分融化，再将纯净水与已经融化的吉利丁粉混合，搅拌均匀，得混合液备用；1) Weigh the gelatine powder and purified water according to the mass ratio, first put the gelatine powder into a container, heat and stir until fully melted, then mix the purified water with the melted gelatine powder, stir evenly, and obtain the mixed solution for later use;
2)根据乳腺x线摄影片测量病灶在乳腺腺体内的位置，分别测量病灶距乳头的距离、病灶距乳头后线距离，并记录；2) Measure the position of the lesion in the mammary gland according to the mammogram, respectively measure the distance between the lesion and the nipple, and the distance between the lesion and the posterior line of the nipple, and record them;
3)将部分混合液倒入模体外壳中，深度为病灶在乳腺内的深度，再根据已测量的距离，将一个或多个小钢珠或蛋壳类物质放置在合适的位置，然后将剩余液体倒入模具中直至填满模体外壳；3) Pour part of the mixture into the shell of the phantom, the depth is the depth of the lesion in the mammary gland, and then place one or more small steel balls or eggshell substances in a suitable position according to the measured distance, and then place the remaining The liquid is poured into the mold until it fills the shell of the mold body;
4)室温静置，冷却固化后，存放，即得用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模。4) Stand at room temperature, cool and solidify, store, and obtain a phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification.
优选的，步骤1)中加热为水浴加热，加热温度为80-100℃。Preferably, the heating in step 1) is heating in a water bath, and the heating temperature is 80-100°C.
优选的，步骤1)中所述混合液密度为1.0-1.1g/ml。Preferably, the density of the mixed solution in step 1) is 1.0-1.1 g/ml.
优选的，步骤4)中存放具体为冷藏保存。Preferably, the storage in step 4) is specifically refrigerated storage.
由于采用上述的技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：本发明采用透明体模，可进行模拟三维立体定位的穿刺活检，克服了以往看不见病灶的弊端，使得乳腺X线引导下的穿刺更加直观，便于理解学习体模取出的病灶(即小钢珠或蛋壳类物质)，且取出的病灶(即小钢珠或蛋壳类物质)可以重复利用，模体组织的主体部分也可进行溶化再利用，节约资源。模拟腺体组织配方合理，保证了体模的透明度、硬度、弹性和仿真性，使X线摄影条件更加接近实际腺体摄影，便于旋切及可用负压机吸引到模体外部。Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention adopts a transparent phantom, which can perform puncture biopsy simulating three-dimensional stereotaxic positioning, overcomes the disadvantages of invisible lesions in the past, and makes the puncture under the guidance of mammography more intuitive , it is easy to understand the lesion taken out from the learning phantom (that is, small steel balls or eggshell substances), and the removed lesion (ie small steel balls or eggshell substances) can be reused, and the main part of the phantom tissue can also be melted and reused ,save resources. The formula of simulated gland tissue is reasonable, which ensures the transparency, hardness, elasticity and simulation of the phantom, makes the X-ray photography conditions closer to the actual gland photography, and is convenient for rotary cutting and suction to the outside of the phantom with a negative pressure machine.
应用模体演练可以对机器的性能进行检测，保障了穿刺活检的顺利进行，能及时发现硬件设施性能上的不准确性和不稳定性；术前可以多次进行操作演练，得到最佳的旋切方案，使手术从“准确”到“精细”；操作过程清晰可见，便于记忆和理解；教学效果显著提高，避免了患者术中的围观给患者造成不必要的不愉快或反感，改善了医患关系；学员可亲手反复操作演练，熟悉掌握操作技巧，尽快进入临床实践工作；模具成本低廉，使用后可重复制作。The application of phantom drills can test the performance of the machine, which ensures the smooth progress of the needle biopsy, and can detect the inaccuracy and instability of the performance of the hardware facilities in time; multiple operation drills can be performed before the operation to obtain the best rotation. Cutting the plan, making the operation from "accurate" to "fine"; the operation process is clearly visible, easy to remember and understand; the teaching effect is significantly improved, avoiding the unnecessary unpleasantness or disgust caused by the surrounding patients during the operation, and improving the doctor-patient experience. relationship; trainees can repeat the operation drills by themselves, familiarize themselves with the operation skills, and enter clinical practice work as soon as possible; the cost of the mold is low, and it can be made repeatedly after use.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1：Example 1:
一种用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模，包括模体外壳和填充在模体外壳内的模拟腺体组织、若干模拟钙化物，所述模体外壳为聚乙烯材料，所述模拟腺体组织为质量比1:10吉利丁粉和纯净水的组合物，所述模拟钙化物为小钢珠或蛋壳类物质。A phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification, comprising a phantom shell, simulated gland tissue filled in the phantom shell, and several simulated calcifications, the phantom shell is made of polyethylene material, and the simulated gland The tissue is a composition of gelatin powder and purified water with a mass ratio of 1:10, and the simulated calcification is small steel balls or eggshell substances.
用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模的制备，步骤如下：The preparation of the phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification is as follows:
1)按质量比称取吉利丁粉和纯净水，先将吉利丁粉放入器皿中，80℃条件下水浴加热搅拌至充分融化，再将纯净水与已经融化的吉利丁粉混合，搅拌均匀，得混合液备用，混合液密度为1.04g/ml；1) Weigh the gelatine powder and purified water according to the mass ratio, first put the gelatine powder into a container, heat and stir in a water bath at 80°C until fully melted, then mix the purified water with the melted gelatin powder, and stir evenly , to get the mixed solution for subsequent use, the density of the mixed solution is 1.04g/ml;
2)根据乳腺x线摄影片测量病灶在乳腺腺体内的位置，分别测量病灶距乳头的距离、病灶距乳头后线距离，并记录；2) Measure the position of the lesion in the mammary gland according to the mammogram, respectively measure the distance between the lesion and the nipple, and the distance between the lesion and the posterior line of the nipple, and record them;
3)将部分混合液倒入模体外壳中，深度为病灶在乳腺内的深度，再根据已测量的距离，将一个或多个小钢珠或蛋壳类物质放置在合适的位置，然后将剩余液体倒入模具中直至填满模体外壳；3) Pour part of the mixture into the shell of the phantom, the depth is the depth of the lesion in the mammary gland, and then place one or more small steel balls or eggshell substances in a suitable position according to the measured distance, and then place the remaining The liquid is poured into the mold until it fills the shell of the mold body;
4)室温静置，冷却固化后，冷藏存放，即得用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模。4) Stand at room temperature, cool and solidify, store in cold storage, and obtain a phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification.
实施例2：Example 2:
一种用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模，包括模体外壳和填充在模体外壳内的模拟腺体组织、若干模拟钙化物，所述模体外壳为聚乙烯材料，所述模拟腺体组织为质量比1:10吉利丁粉和纯净水的组合物，所述模拟钙化物为小钢珠或蛋壳类物质。A phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification, comprising a phantom shell, simulated gland tissue filled in the phantom shell, and several simulated calcifications, the phantom shell is made of polyethylene material, and the simulated gland The tissue is a composition of gelatin powder and purified water with a mass ratio of 1:10, and the simulated calcification is small steel balls or eggshell substances.
用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模的制备，步骤如下：The preparation of the phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification is as follows:
1)按质量比称取吉利丁粉和纯净水，先将吉利丁粉放入器皿中，90℃条件下水浴加热搅拌至充分融化，再将纯净水与已经融化的吉利丁粉混合，搅拌均匀，得混合液备用，混合液密度为1.0g/ml；1) Weigh the gelatine powder and purified water according to the mass ratio, first put the gelatine powder into a container, heat and stir in a water bath at 90°C until fully melted, then mix the purified water with the melted gelatin powder, and stir evenly , to get the mixed solution for subsequent use, the density of the mixed solution is 1.0g/ml;
2)根据乳腺x线摄影片测量病灶在乳腺腺体内的位置，分别测量病灶距乳头的距离、病灶距乳头后线距离，并记录；2) Measure the position of the lesion in the mammary gland according to the mammogram, respectively measure the distance between the lesion and the nipple, and the distance between the lesion and the posterior line of the nipple, and record them;
3)将部分混合液倒入模体外壳中，深度为病灶在乳腺内的深度，再根据已测量的距离，将一个或多个小钢珠或蛋壳类物质放置在合适的位置，然后将剩余液体倒入模具中直至填满模体外壳；3) Pour part of the mixture into the shell of the phantom, the depth is the depth of the lesion in the mammary gland, and then place one or more small steel balls or eggshell substances in a suitable position according to the measured distance, and then place the remaining The liquid is poured into the mold until it fills the shell of the mold body;
4)室温静置，冷却固化后，冷藏存放，即得用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模。4) Stand at room temperature, cool and solidify, store in cold storage, and obtain a phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification.
实施例3：Example 3:
一种用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模，包括模体外壳和填充在模体外壳内的模拟腺体组织、若干模拟钙化物，所述模体外壳为聚乙烯材料，所述模拟腺体组织为质量比1:10吉利丁粉和纯净水的组合物，所述模拟钙化物为小钢珠或蛋壳类物质。A phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification, comprising a phantom shell, simulated gland tissue filled in the phantom shell, and several simulated calcifications, the phantom shell is made of polyethylene material, and the simulated gland The tissue is a composition of gelatin powder and purified water with a mass ratio of 1:10, and the simulated calcification is small steel balls or eggshell substances.
用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模的制备，步骤如下：The preparation of the phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification is as follows:
1)按质量比称取吉利丁粉和纯净水，先将吉利丁粉放入器皿中，100℃条件下水浴加热搅拌至充分融化，再将纯净水与已经融化的吉利丁粉混合，搅拌均匀，得混合液备用，混合液密度为1.06g/ml；1) Weigh the gelatin powder and purified water according to the mass ratio, first put the gelatine powder into a container, heat and stir in a water bath at 100°C until fully melted, then mix the purified water with the melted gelatin powder, and stir evenly , to get the mixed solution for subsequent use, the mixed solution density is 1.06g/ml;
2)根据乳腺x线摄影片测量病灶在乳腺腺体内的位置，分别测量病灶距乳头的距离、病灶距乳头后线距离，并记录；2) Measure the position of the lesion in the mammary gland according to the mammogram, respectively measure the distance between the lesion and the nipple, and the distance between the lesion and the posterior line of the nipple, and record them;
3)将部分混合液倒入模体外壳中，深度为病灶在乳腺内的深度，再根据已测量的距离，将一个或多个小钢珠或蛋壳类物质放置在合适的位置，然后将剩余液体倒入模具中直至填满模体外壳；3) Pour part of the mixture into the shell of the phantom, the depth is the depth of the lesion in the mammary gland, and then place one or more small steel balls or eggshell substances in a suitable position according to the measured distance, and then place the remaining The liquid is poured into the mold until it fills the shell of the mold body;
4)室温静置，冷却固化后，冷藏存放，即得用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模。4) Stand at room temperature, cool and solidify, store in cold storage, and obtain a phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification.
实施例4：Example 4:
一种用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模，包括模体外壳和填充在模体外壳内的模拟腺体组织、若干模拟钙化物，所述模体外壳为聚乙烯材料，所述模拟腺体组织为质量比1:10吉利丁粉和纯净水的组合物，所述模拟钙化物为小钢珠或蛋壳类物质。A phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification, comprising a phantom shell, simulated gland tissue filled in the phantom shell, and several simulated calcifications, the phantom shell is made of polyethylene material, and the simulated gland The tissue is a composition of gelatin powder and purified water with a mass ratio of 1:10, and the simulated calcification is small steel balls or eggshell substances.
用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模的制备，步骤如下：The preparation of the phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification is as follows:
1)按质量比称取吉利丁粉和纯净水，先将吉利丁粉放入器皿中，85℃条件下水浴加热搅拌至充分融化，再将纯净水与已经融化的吉利丁粉混合，搅拌均匀，得混合液备用，混合液密度为1.1g/ml；1) Weigh the gelatine powder and purified water according to the mass ratio, first put the gelatine powder into a container, heat and stir in a water bath at 85°C until fully melted, then mix the purified water with the melted gelatin powder, and stir evenly , to get the mixed solution for subsequent use, the density of the mixed solution is 1.1g/ml;
2)根据乳腺x线摄影片测量病灶在乳腺腺体内的位置，分别测量病灶距乳头的距离、病灶距乳头后线距离，并记录；2) Measure the position of the lesion in the mammary gland according to the mammogram, respectively measure the distance between the lesion and the nipple, and the distance between the lesion and the posterior line of the nipple, and record them;
3)将部分混合液倒入模体外壳中，深度为病灶在乳腺内的深度，再根据已测量的距离，将一个或多个小钢珠或蛋壳类物质放置在合适的位置，然后将剩余液体倒入模具中直至填满模体外壳；3) Pour part of the mixture into the shell of the phantom, the depth is the depth of the lesion in the mammary gland, and then place one or more small steel balls or eggshell substances in a suitable position according to the measured distance, and then place the remaining The liquid is poured into the mold until it fills the shell of the mold body;
4)室温静置，冷却固化后，冷藏存放，即得用于乳腺微钙化临床培训的体模。4) Stand at room temperature, cool and solidify, store in cold storage, and obtain a phantom for clinical training of breast microcalcification.
以本发明实施例4制得的体模对临床X光片进行模拟制备，经两次术前演练后再进行手术操作，相较于以往缩短了手术近一半的时间，且操作失误率接近零，显著提高了手术效率，减轻了病患的痛苦。(以上数据为50次手术监测的平均值)The phantom prepared in Example 4 of the present invention is used to simulate the preparation of clinical X-ray films, and the surgical operation is performed after two preoperative drills, which shortens the operation time by nearly half compared with the past, and the operation error rate is close to zero , Significantly improved the efficiency of surgery and reduced the pain of patients. (The above data is the average value of 50 surgical monitoring)
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be described in the foregoing embodiments Modifications are made to the recorded technical solutions, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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