CN1065711C - Under-mulching irrigation method for crops planting with mulching - Google Patents

Abstract

A water-saving irrigation technology, especially a method of irrigation under film-covered crops, including ditching and ridges, covering the film, sealing the sides of the film with soil pressure, and using the diversion canal in the field for irrigation. It is characterized by opening V-shaped Build ridges in parallel furrows; sow seeds in the middle of the top surface of the ridge; cover the V-shaped furrows with plastic film so that the sides of the plastic film are placed on the top surface of the ridges; irrigation water enters the water diversion pipe from the diversion channel and then enters the furrow, and controls the entry into the furrow water inflow. Since the irrigation water in the furrows is effectively controlled under the protection of the covered plastic film, the water evaporation is effectively controlled, and the water saving effect is obvious. It can also be combined with irrigation and fertilization, which can improve the fertilizer efficiency and is also conducive to the application of pesticides. It has the advantages of saving water, increasing production, and increasing income. .

Description

The method of pouring water under the film-covering planting crops film

The invention belongs to the method for pouring water under a kind of water-saving irrigation technique, particularly film-covering planting crops film.

Existing proportion of crop planting irrigation method, traditional is to utilize ground line gradient to irrigate, be the conserve water resource, improve the output of crops, invented on the film " irrigation technique " and seen " Xinjiang water conservancy " the 5th phase in 1991, " formation's reclamation area cotton irrigation Technique Over Pored plastic test and research " this technology is to utilize 1～8% ground line gradient to seal border irrigation on the film-mulching cultivation basis, irrigation water is flow through from mulch film, have the fertilizer of guarantor, suppress weed growth, improve the advantage of crop yield.But irrigation on plastic membrance water is poor to soil impregnability under the film, causes easily to metal run out and wash away the furrow ridge, and water-saving result is not ideal enough, because of irrigation quantity easily runs off, can't cause crops later stage fertilizer deficiency in conjunction with irrigation fertilization.

The object of the present invention is to provide the method for pouring water under a kind of film-covering planting crops film; poured water in the field and be in the barrier protection of mulch film; the ground water evaporates is controlled effectively; moisture can access the maintenance of long period in the soil under the mulch film; water-saving result is remarkable; can be in conjunction with irrigation fertilization, the solubility chemical fertilizer can apply when pouring water in the soil under the mulch film, and liquid manure is difficult for running off.

The present invention is achieved in that the method for pouring water under a kind of film-covering planting crops film, comprises the trench digging ridging, and covering film with soil pressure feud film avris, utilizes the flume in field to irrigate, and it is characterized in that out the parallel furrow ridging of V font; In the sowing of the middle part of ridge end face; Mulch film is overlayed on the V font furrow, make the mulch film avris place the ridge end face; Pouring water enters the furrow after flume enters conduit pipe again, and control enters the inflow in the furrow.

Under the more smooth condition in soil, the operation of plowing before need not sowing only needs stubble and the mulch film of the crops in the clean field of cleaning, carries out the fertilising of chiselling earth, the wide 20-50cm of furrow mouth that opens, the dark 10-25cm of furrow; In the ridge end face sowing seed degree of depth, decide according to different crops, be generally 0.5-2.5cm; Folding under the mulch film limit that is layered on the furrow is embedded in the soil, and presses tight; When conduit pipe was aqueduct, the water level of pouring water was controlled at 2/3 place of the furrow degree of depth; When conduit pipe is drip irrigation pipe, drip irrigation pipe is arranged in the furrow, and controls the water yield of dripping according to crop water requirement.

The present invention places thread furrow irrigation of traditional ground and drip irrigation etc. under the protection of mulch film and irrigates; make irrigation technique on the mulch film of promoting at present under mulch film irrigation technique; can significantly reduce the evaporation from land surface of pouring water in the field; also improved simultaneously the effective rate of utilization of field irrigation water greatly; can be in conjunction with irrigation fertilization; the solubility chemical fertilizer is applied when pouring water in the soil under the mulch film; help crops absorbing to fertilizer; also help simultaneously applying of agricultural chemicals; make the water of soil; fertile; gas; warmware is in relative correlated state; promote the process of growing of crops, reach water saving, the purpose of increasing both production and income.Owing to reduced the ground in exposed field

Fig. 1 is film furrow structural representation in the ranks in shop of the present invention in the area of heavy rainfull, Fig. 2 is at shop of the present invention, arid area short of rain film furrow structural representation in the ranks, Fig. 3 is at strong wind, shop of the present invention, saline and alkaline area film furrow structural representation in the ranks, and Fig. 4 is the configuration schematic diagram of aqueduct under flume of the present invention and the film.

Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 1 in the area of heavy rainfull of the present invention two adjacent shop film furrows have drain ditch 6 in the ranks; Embodiment 2, the remaining basically stable with ridge end face 3 of arid regional of the present invention two adjacent shop film furrows short of rain, help the maintenance of moisture in the ranks in the ranks as shown in Figure 2; Embodiment 3, are higher than ridge end face 3 on the ridge of building of the adjacent shop film furrow of strong wind, saline and alkaline area of the present invention two in the ranks as shown in Figure 3, help windproof protection mulch film 1 and prevent the saline and alkaline seedling that harms the crops.

Comparative example: the comparison of irrigation method under film-covering planting crops irrigation on plastic membrance water method and the film.On the farmland under the equal clay fertilizer condition, carry out the contrast experiment:

1, the method for film-covering planting crops irrigation on plastic membrance water: the method for on 10 mu of bar fields, using irrigation on plastic membrance water, the bar field gradient is 4%, on the face of field, build the ridge and form the embanked field, planting after plastic covered, when pouring water, when the forward of the layer of pouring water when the embanked field afterbody also has a segment distance, just seal water inlet, make that remaining current continue to flow forward in the embanked field, up to the embanked field afterbody, but just occurring surplus water slightly accidentally overflows from ridge.The irrigating water quota in average every mu of ground is 60 cubic metres, whole crops irrigation in growing period 8 times, and need pour water 480 cubic metres altogether in average every mu of ground, owing to can not cause crops later stage fertilizer deficiency in conjunction with irrigation fertilization.

2, the method of pouring water under the film-covering planting crops film: using the method for pouring water under the film on 10 mu of bar fields, the fertilising of on smooth field, loosening the soil, and the parallel furrow 2 and the ridging of opening the V font, the furrow mouth of plantation wheat is wide to be 25cm, the furrow mouth is dark to be 15cm, the furrow mouth of maize planting is wide to be 45cm, the furrow mouth is dark to be 20cm, harrow the soil block on the broken ridge, leveling ridge end face 3 is sowed at ridge end face 3 middle parts, mulch film 1 is layered on the furrow 2 of V font, with film banding soil, and press tightly, on the mulch film 1 of the ridge end face 3 of completing mulch film, cover the hack bits, the conduit pipe 5 that is communicated with flume feeds in the furrow 2 of spreading 1, by conduit pipe 5 water is poured into furrow 2 when pouring water, and control the inflow that enters furrow 2, the irrigating water quota in average every mu of ground is 30 cubic metres, crops are poured water 8 times breeding time altogether, every mu of ground is poured water 240 cubic metres altogether, and can promote crop growth in conjunction with irrigation fertilization.

With above-mentioned two kinds of irrigation methods relatively: it is obvious that the method for pouring water under the film-covering planting crops film and the method for irrigation on plastic membrance water are compared water-saving result, water-saving rate reaches 50%, and can be in conjunction with irrigation fertilization, the solubility chemical fertilizer can apply when pouring water in the soil under the plastic mulching, maize planting can increase production 30%, and the plantation wheat can increase production 21%.

Claims (4)

1. A method for irrigation under film-covered crops, comprising ditching and ridge building, covering the plastic film, sealing the sides of the plastic film with soil pressure, and irrigating with aqueducts in the field. It is characterized in that it opens V-shaped parallel furrows and builds ridges; Sow seeds in the middle of the top of the ridge; cover the V-shaped furrow with plastic film so that the side of the plastic film is placed on the top of the ridge; water enters the water diversion pipe from the water diversion channel and then into the furrow, and controls the amount of water entering the furrow. 2. The method of watering under the film according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the mouth of the furrow is 20cm-50cm, and the depth of the furrow is 10cm-25cm. 3. The method of water irrigation under the film according to claim 1, characterized in that when the water diversion pipeline is a water delivery pipeline, the irrigation water level is controlled at 2/3 of the depth of the furrow. 4. The method of water irrigation under the film according to claim 1, characterized in that when the water diversion pipe is a drip irrigation hose, the drip irrigation pipe is arranged in the furrow, and the drip irrigation water volume is controlled according to the water demand of the crops.

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