CN105942030A - Juvenile Chinese softshell turtle expanded feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an extruded feed for soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles, which consists of the following components and their mass parts: 20-25 parts of small miscellaneous fish, 10-15 parts of water earthworm powder, 5-10 parts of yam powder, and purple sweet potato powder 8-10 parts, 4-6 parts of orange peel powder, 5-8 parts of egg yolk, 4-7 parts of egg white, 0.06-0.1 part of glycine, 0.5-0.8 part of krill oil, 0.1-0.15 part of tea polyphenol, 0.05 part of betaine 0.1 part, 0.02-0.04 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.25 part of soybean oligosaccharide, 0.1-0.18 part of xylo-oligosaccharide and 0.08-0.1 part of plant binder; it also relates to the preparation method of the feed. Compared with the existing technology, the Chinese turtle puppets in the present invention are rich in nutritional nutrition, which can provide the required nutrition for the growth of the naggean. Good stability, not easy to collapse, less feed waste, less water pollution.

Description

A kind of soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle feed and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the field of aquatic product feed, in particular to a Chinese soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle puffed feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Soft-shelled turtle, also known as soft-shelled turtle, is a common farmed turtle species. Soft-shelled turtle has a unique flavor and rich nutrition. It is a high-protein and low-fat food material. Its tissues are rich in polysaccharides, collagen, taurine, and vitamin B- 17 and other functional factors have certain effects in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, anti-tumor, enhancing immunity and delaying aging.

The growth and development of soft-shelled turtles can generally be divided into three stages: immature soft-shelled turtles, juvenile soft-shelled turtles and adult soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles. At present, special feeds suitable for juvenile soft-shelled turtles and adult soft-shelled turtles have been reported. For example, the Chinese invention patent "Feed for Chinese Soft-shelled Soft-shelled Soft-shelled Soft-shelled Soft-shelled Soft-shelled Soft-shelled Soft-shelled Turtles and its Preparation Method" with the application number 201510090578.5 (publication number CN104605210A) discloses a kind of feed for soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles. Feed for soft-shelled turtles; the Chinese invention patent "A kind of feed for young soft-shelled turtles and its preparation method" whose patent number is ZL201410068502.8 (notification number is CN103875896A) discloses a kind of feed for young soft-shelled turtles. However, there is no feed specially used for juvenile soft-shelled turtles, and juvenile soft-shelled turtles have higher requirements for feed, requiring feed to be refined, fine, soft, fresh, tender, comprehensive in nutrition, and good in palatability. In the traditional feeding method, red worms, mysis shrimp, silk earthworms, chironomus larvae, etc. are usually fed within one month after juvenile soft-shelled turtles emerge from their shells. Chicken, duck egg yolk, animal liver, etc. can also be fed. Maggots, earthworms, small shrimps, minced surimi, animal viscera, large fish and shrimps, river mussels, snails, etc. are more troublesome to raise.

Contents of the invention

The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide extruded feed suitable for juvenile soft-shelled turtles according to the prior art. The extruded feed is rich in nutrition and good in palatability, and is suitable for the whole growth process of young soft-shelled turtles.

The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned extruded feed in view of the prior art.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a Chinese soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle puffed feed, characterized in that it consists of the following components and their mass parts: 20-25 parts of small miscellaneous fish, 10-25 parts of water earthworm powder 15 parts, 5-10 parts of yam powder, 8-10 parts of purple potato powder, 4-6 parts of orange peel powder, 5-8 parts of egg yolk, 4-7 parts of egg white, 0.06-0.1 part of glycine, 0.5-0.8 part of krill oil 0.1-0.15 parts of tea polyphenols, 0.05-0.1 parts of betaine, 0.02-0.04 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.25 parts of soybean oligosaccharides, 0.1-0.18 parts of xylo-oligosaccharides and 0.08-0.08 parts of plant binders 0.1 part.

In the above-mentioned technical scheme, small miscellaneous fish, water earthworm powder and egg yolk can provide sufficient protein for juvenile soft-shelled turtle growth, and wherein small miscellaneous fish is the small miscellaneous fish of low value, and this kind of fish body shape is less (generally 2～3cm), The meat is fresh and tender, rich in nutrients, but extremely perishable, low in mechanical strength, and low in price, such as anchovy; yam is rich in crude protein, crude fiber, starch, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and other elements. Among the 18 kinds of amino acids needed, yam contains 16 kinds; purple sweet potato is rich in nutrition and has special health care functions, rich in protein, starch, pectin, cellulose, amino acids, vitamins and various minerals, and also rich in selenium and Anthocyanin, vitamin C contained in purple sweet potato can make collagen synthesize normally and prevent the occurrence of scurvy. Anthocyanin is a natural and powerful free radical scavenger with good antioxidant effect; krill oil is A unique marine animal oil containing omega-3 or n-3 fatty acids (FAs), of which the biologically active eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are mainly in the form of phospholipids or PLs (up to 95% w/w) are present and contain up to 60% PLs and up to 45% triglycerides in this type of oil; glycine and betaine are food-attracting ingredients that can improve the palatability of the feed; Soy oligosaccharides are the general term for soluble sugars in soybeans, which can promote the proliferation of bifidobacteria in the intestine, lower serum cholesterol, protect the liver and inhibit the generation of spoilage substances in the intestine; xylooligosaccharides can reduce toxic fermentation products and harmful bacteria The production of enzymes can enhance the body's immunity, fight cancer, and can replace antibiotics in feed.

As preferably, the plant binder is at least one of cornstarch, tapioca starch and lotus root starch, and cornstarch, tapioca starch and lotus root starch are all pure natural plant starches, which have good cohesiveness after being exposed to water, making various materials The bonding is tighter, thereby increasing the stability of the feed.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the second technical problem is: the above-mentioned juvenile soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle puffed feed is prepared by the following steps:

(1) Wash and drain the small miscellaneous fish and break into surimi, then add water worm powder, egg yolk and 1/3 to 1/2 volume of egg white, mix and beat for 10 to 15 minutes to obtain protein slurry;

(2) Mix the above-mentioned yam powder, purple sweet potato powder, and orange peel powder evenly and then perform ultrafine pulverization treatment. After the ultrafine pulverization treatment, pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve to obtain a mixed powder, and add the mixed powder to the above protein slurry , and add the remaining egg whites for secondary beating to obtain the mixed material;

(3) Add the above-mentioned tea polyphenols, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and krill oil respectively into the above-mentioned mixed material, mix uniformly, then add the plant binder and continue to mix uniformly to obtain the base material;

(4) adding water to the above-mentioned base material and introducing steam for conditioning, and making the moisture content in the base material after conditioning be 18% to 20%;

(5) Putting the base material after conditioning into an extruder and extruding and extruding to obtain pellet feed;

(6) Dissolve the above-mentioned glycine, betaine, soybean oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccharide in an appropriate amount of water to prepare a spray coating, and when the temperature of the pellet feed prepared above is cooled to 45-55°C, spray the spray paint on the pellet feed superior;

(7) drying the sprayed pellet feed at 55-60° C. so that the water content of the pellet feed is 6-10%;

(8) Finally, after the pellet feed is cooled to room temperature, it is packaged.

As a preference, in the step (4), the base material is put into the modulator, and 16-20% of the base material amount is fed with water vapor at 95-100° C. for 10-15 minutes of preparation.

As a preference, in the step (5), a twin-screw extruder is used for puffing treatment, and the working parameters of the twin-screw extruder are: the screw speed is 450-500r/min, and the feed rate is 90-120kg/min. h, the barrel or sleeve temperature is 100-240°C, and the diameter of the die hole/or die opening is 2-7mm.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that: the soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle puffed feed in the present invention is made of various pure ingredients such as small miscellaneous fish, water earthworm powder, yam powder, purple sweet potato powder, orange peel powder, egg yolk and egg white. Natural materials are used as raw materials, supplemented with glycine, krill oil, tea polyphenols, betaine and other nutrients for reasonable combination, rich in nutrients, can provide the necessary nutrients for the growth of juvenile soft-shelled turtles, and significantly improve the survival rate of juvenile soft-shelled turtles and growth rate, reduce the feed coefficient; in addition, the juvenile turtle puffed feed has better floatability (generally can float on the water surface for 30-60 minutes), and the feed has good stability in the water body and is not easy to collapse due to the addition of plant binders. , Feed waste is small, water pollution is small, it can be used in the whole process of juvenile soft-shelled turtle growth, and it is convenient for juvenile soft-shelled turtles to raise.

During the preparation process of the soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle puffed feed of the present invention, egg white is added step by step, and the air bubbles of the egg white are used to increase the volume of the material, thereby reducing the density of the feed, improving the floatability of the feed, and benefiting the spraying of soybeans on the surface of the pellet feed. Oligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides enter the interior of the pellets; at the same time, use spraying technology to spray glycine, betaine, soybean oligosaccharides, and xylooligosaccharides on the surface of the pellet feed, which can not only avoid soybean oligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides Sugar is lost during extrusion and puffing, and attractant ingredients such as glycine and betaine can be placed on the surface of pellet feed to fully improve the palatability of feed; tea polyphenols have strong antioxidant properties, which can effectively prevent krill oil from Oxidation during processing; in addition, protein and starch materials can be fully denatured and gelatinized during the extruding process, thereby improving the stability of the feed and significantly reducing the residual bait rate.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.

Embodiment 1: Preparation of soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle feed

An extruded feed for soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles, which consists of the following components and their mass parts: 20 parts of small miscellaneous fish, 10 parts of water worm powder, 5 parts of yam powder, 8 parts of purple potato powder, 4 parts of orange peel powder, 5 parts of egg yolk, 4 parts of egg white, 0.06 part of glycine, 0.5 part of krill oil, 0.1 part of tea polyphenols, 0.05 part of betaine, 0.02 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1 part of soybean oligosaccharide, 0.1 part of xylooligosaccharide and 0.08 parts of plant binder; wherein the plant binder is cornstarch.

(1) Wash and drain the small miscellaneous fish and break into surimi, then add earthworm powder, egg yolk and 1/3 volume of egg white, mix and beat to obtain a protein slurry for 10 minutes;

(2) After the above-mentioned yam powder, purple sweet potato powder, and orange peel powder are mixed uniformly, carry out ultrafine pulverization treatment, cross 60 mesh sieves to obtain the mixed powder material after the ultrafine pulverization treatment, add the mixed powder material in the above-mentioned protein slurry, and Add the remaining egg whites for secondary beating to obtain a mixture;

(3) Add the above-mentioned tea polyphenols, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and krill oil into the above-mentioned mixed material respectively, mix well, then add cornstarch and continue mixing evenly to obtain the base material;

(4) Put the above-mentioned base material into the modulator, feed 95-100°C water vapor according to 16% of the base material amount, adjust for 10 minutes, and make the moisture content in the conditioned base material be 18%;

(5) Putting the base material after conditioning into a twin-screw extrusion extruder and extruding and extruding to obtain pellet feed, wherein the working parameters of the twin-screw extruder are: the screw speed is 450r/min, The feed rate is 120kg/h, the barrel or sleeve temperature is 240°C, and the die hole/or die opening diameter is 7mm;

(6) Dissolving the above-mentioned glycine, betaine, soybean oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides in an appropriate amount of water to prepare a spray paint, and when the temperature of the pellet feed prepared above is cooled to 45° C., spray the spray paint on the pellet feed;

(7) drying the pelleted feed after spraying at 55°C so that the water content of the pelleted feed is 6%;

(8) Finally, after the pellet feed is cooled to room temperature, it is packaged.

Embodiment 2: Preparation of soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle feed

An extruded feed for soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles, which consists of the following components and their mass parts: 20 parts of small miscellaneous fish, 7 parts of yam powder, 9 parts of purple sweet potato powder, 12 parts of water earthworm powder, 5 parts of orange peel powder, 7 parts of egg yolks, 5 parts of egg whites, 0.08 parts of glycine, 0.6 parts of krill oil, 0.12 parts of tea polyphenols, 0.07 parts of betaine, 0.03 parts of monobasic calcium phosphate, 0.2 parts of soybean oligosaccharides, 0.15 parts of xylooligosaccharides and 0.09 parts of plant binder; wherein the plant binder is a mixture of cornstarch and tapioca starch, and the mixing ratio is 1:2.

(1) Wash and drain the small miscellaneous fish and break into surimi, then add water worm powder, egg yolk and 2/5 volume of egg white, mix and beat to obtain a protein slurry for 12 minutes;

(2) After the above-mentioned yam powder, purple sweet potato powder, and orange peel powder are mixed uniformly, carry out ultrafine pulverization treatment, cross 60 mesh sieves to obtain the mixed powder material after the ultrafine pulverization treatment, add the mixed powder material in the above-mentioned protein slurry, and Add the remaining egg whites for secondary beating to obtain a mixture;

(3) Add the above-mentioned tea polyphenols, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and krill oil respectively into the above-mentioned mixed material, mix uniformly, then add the plant binder and continue to mix uniformly to obtain the base material;

(4) Put the above-mentioned base material into the modulator, feed 95 to 100°C water vapor according to 18% of the base material amount, adjust for 12 minutes, and make the moisture content in the conditioned base material be 19%;

(5) Putting the base material after conditioning into a twin-screw extrusion extruder and extruding and extruding to obtain pellet feed, wherein the working parameters of the twin-screw extrusion extruder are: the screw speed is 500r/min, The feed rate is 100kg/h, the barrel or sleeve temperature is 150°C, and the die hole/or die opening diameter is 5mm;

(6) Dissolving the above-mentioned glycine, betaine, soybean oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides in an appropriate amount of water to prepare a spray paint, and when the temperature of the pellet feed prepared above is cooled to 50° C., spray the spray paint on the pellet feed;

(7) drying the pelleted feed after spraying at 60° C. so that the water content of the pelleted feed is 8%;

(8) Finally, after the pellet feed is cooled to room temperature, it is packaged.

Embodiment 3: Preparation of soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle feed

An extruded feed for soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles, which consists of the following components and their mass parts: 25 parts of small miscellaneous fish, 15 parts of water worm powder, 10 parts of yam powder, 10 parts of purple sweet potato powder, 6 parts of orange peel powder, 8 parts of egg yolk, 7 parts of egg white, 0.1 part of glycine, 0.8 part of krill oil, 0.15 part of tea polyphenols, 0.1 part of betaine, 0.04 part of monobasic calcium phosphate, 0.25 part of soybean oligosaccharides, 0.18 parts of xylooligosaccharides and 0.1 part of plant binder; wherein the plant binder is a mixture of corn starch, tapioca starch and lotus root starch, and the mixing ratio is 1:1.5:1.

(1) Wash and drain the small miscellaneous fish and break into surimi, then add water worm powder, egg yolk and 1/2 volume of egg white, mix and beat to obtain a protein slurry for 10 minutes;

(2) After the above-mentioned yam powder, purple sweet potato powder, and orange peel powder are mixed uniformly, carry out ultrafine pulverization treatment, cross 80 mesh sieves to obtain the mixed powder material after the ultrafine pulverization treatment, add the mixed powder material in the above-mentioned protein slurry, and Add the remaining egg whites for secondary beating to obtain a mixture;

(3) Add the above-mentioned tea polyphenols, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and krill oil respectively into the above-mentioned mixed material, mix uniformly, then add the plant binder and continue to mix uniformly to obtain the base material;

(4) Put the above-mentioned base material into the modulator, feed 95 to 100°C water vapor according to 20% of the base material amount, adjust for 15 minutes, and make the moisture content in the conditioned base material be 20%;

(5) Putting the base material after conditioning into a twin-screw extrusion extruder and extruding and extruding to obtain pellet feed, wherein the working parameters of the twin-screw extrusion extruder are: the screw speed is 500r/min, The feed rate is 120kg/h, the barrel or sleeve temperature is 240°C, and the die hole/or die opening diameter is 7mm;

(6) Dissolving the above-mentioned glycine, betaine, soybean oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides in an appropriate amount of water to prepare a spray paint, and when the temperature of the pellet feed prepared above is cooled to 55° C., spray the spray paint on the pellet feed;

(7) drying the pelleted feed after spraying at 60° C. so that the water content of the pelleted feed is 10%;

(8) Finally, after the pellet feed is cooled to room temperature, it is packaged.

Embodiment 4: the preparation of Chinese soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle feed

An extruded feed for soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles, which consists of the following components and their mass parts: 25 parts of small miscellaneous fish, 15 parts of water worm powder, 5 parts of yam powder, 8 parts of purple potato powder, 5 parts of orange peel powder, 6 parts of egg yolk, 6 parts of egg white, 0.1 part of glycine, 0.7 part of krill oil, 0.15 part of tea polyphenols, 0.1 part of betaine, 0.04 part of monobasic calcium phosphate, 0.25 part of soybean oligosaccharides, 0.18 parts of xylooligosaccharides and 0.1 part of plant binder; wherein the plant binder is a mixture of tapioca starch and lotus root starch, and the mixing ratio is 1.2:1.

(1) Wash and drain the small miscellaneous fish and break into surimi, then add water worm powder, egg yolk and 1/3 volume of egg white, mix and beat to obtain a protein slurry for 15 minutes;

(2) After the above-mentioned yam powder, purple sweet potato powder, and orange peel powder are mixed uniformly, carry out ultrafine pulverization treatment, cross 60 mesh sieves to obtain the mixed powder material after the ultrafine pulverization treatment, add the mixed powder material in the above-mentioned protein slurry, and Add the remaining egg whites for secondary beating to obtain a mixture;

(3) Add the above-mentioned tea polyphenols, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and krill oil respectively into the above-mentioned mixed material, mix uniformly, then add the plant binder and continue to mix uniformly to obtain the base material;

(4) Put the above-mentioned base material into the modulator, feed 95-100°C water vapor according to 16% of the base material amount, adjust for 10 minutes, and make the moisture content in the conditioned base material be 18%;

(5) Putting the base material after conditioning into a twin-screw extrusion extruder and extruding and extruding to obtain pellet feed, wherein the working parameters of the twin-screw extruder are: the screw speed is 450r/min, The feed rate is 90kg/h, the barrel or sleeve temperature is 100°C, and the die hole/or die opening diameter is 2mm;

(6) Dissolving the above-mentioned glycine, betaine, soybean oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides in an appropriate amount of water to prepare a spray paint, and when the temperature of the pellet feed prepared above is cooled to 50° C., spray the spray paint on the pellet feed;

(7) drying the pelleted feed after spraying at 60° C. so that the water content of the pelleted feed is 8%;

(8) Finally, after the pellet feed is cooled to room temperature, it is packaged.

Breeding example of Chinese soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle:

The soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle puffed feed obtained in Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 was used as experimental feed 1, experimental feed 2, experimental feed 3 and experimental feed 4, and the traditional soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle feed was used as a contrast. The average body weight was 10±1 g. Feed two to three times a day. Gradually increase the feeding amount as the weight of juvenile soft-shelled turtles increases and the temperature rises. When feeding, the experimental feed 1, experimental feed 2, experimental feed 3 and experimental feed 4 can float on the water surface for 30-60 minutes. . Weighed after the test, the test results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that compared with the traditional juvenile soft-shelled turtle feed, the juvenile soft-shelled turtle extruded feed in the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate and growth rate of juvenile soft-shelled turtles, and reduce the feed coefficient.

Table 1 The effect of experimental diet on the growth of juvenile soft-shelled turtles

feed type Survival rate (%) Weight gain (%) feed factor traditional feed 80.1 210.5 2.05 Experimental Feed 1 91.3 245.9 1.91 Experiment Feed 2 92.4 241.4 1.93 Experiment Feed 3 94.7 245.0 1.92 Experiment Feed 4 95.1 247.7 1.93

Claims (6)

1. An extruded feed for soft-shelled soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles, characterized in that it consists of the following components and parts by mass: 20-25 parts of small miscellaneous fish, 10-15 parts of water earthworm powder, 5-10 parts of yam powder, purple Potato powder 8-10 parts, orange peel powder 4-6 parts, egg yolk 5-8 parts, egg white 4-7 parts, glycine 0.06-0.1 part, krill oil 0.5-0.8 part, tea polyphenol 0.1-0.15 part, sugar beet 0.05-0.1 part of alkali, 0.02-0.04 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.25 part of soybean oligosaccharide, 0.1-0.18 part of xylo-oligosaccharide and 0.08-0.1 part of plant binder. 2. The puffed feed for juvenile soft-shelled soft-shelled turtles according to claim 1, wherein the plant binder is at least one of cornstarch, tapioca starch and lotus root powder. 3. the preparation method of soft-shelled soft-shelled turtle puffed feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: (1) Wash and drain the small miscellaneous fish and break into surimi, then add water worm powder, egg yolk and 1/3 to 1/2 volume of egg white, mix and beat for 10 to 15 minutes to obtain protein slurry; (2) Mix the above-mentioned yam powder, purple sweet potato powder, and orange peel powder evenly and then perform ultrafine pulverization treatment. After the ultrafine pulverization treatment, pass through a 60-80 mesh sieve to obtain a mixed powder, and add the mixed powder to the above protein slurry , and add the remaining egg whites for secondary beating to obtain the mixed material; (3) Add the above-mentioned tea polyphenols, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and krill oil respectively into the above-mentioned mixed material, mix uniformly, then add the plant binder and continue to mix uniformly to obtain the base material; (4) adding water to the above-mentioned base material and introducing steam for conditioning, and making the moisture content in the base material after conditioning be 18% to 20%; (5) Putting the base material after conditioning into an extruder and extruding and extruding to obtain pellet feed; (6) Dissolve the above-mentioned glycine, betaine, soybean oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccharide in an appropriate amount of water to prepare a spray coating, and when the temperature of the pellet feed prepared above is cooled to 45-55°C, spray the spray paint on the pellet feed superior; (7) drying the sprayed pellet feed at 55-60° C. so that the water content of the pellet feed is 6-10%; (8) Finally, after the pellet feed is cooled to room temperature, it is packaged. 4. the preparation method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in described step (4), base material is dropped in modulator, feeds the water vapor of 95～100 ℃ by 16～20% of base material amount, Prepare for 10-15 minutes. 5. preparation method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, adopts twin-screw extruder to carry out puffing treatment in described step (5), and the working parameter of this twin-screw extruder is: screw speed is 450 ～500r/min, feed rate 90～120kg/h, barrel or sleeve temperature 100～240℃, die hole/or die opening diameter 2～7mm. 6. the preparation method as claimed in claim 3 or 4 or 5 is characterized in that, described plant binder is at least one in cornstarch, tapioca starch and lotus root starch.