CN105196832A - Electric automobile waste heat recovery heat pump type comprehensive heat management system automatically adjusted in filling amount - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an electric automobile waste heat recovery heat pump type comprehensive heat management system automatically adjusted in filling amount. The work of the electric automobile waste heat recovery heat pump type comprehensive heat management system comprises heat management of a heat pump type automobile inside environment, waste heat recovery and heat management of a driving motor system, waste heat recovery and heat management of a power battery system, automatic adjustment of the working medium filling amounts in different operating modes and the like, comprehensive integrated heat management of the three mentioned portions is achieved, above 50% of electric energy can be saved compared with an existing electric-heating heating system, and accordingly driving mileage of one-time battery charging of an electric automobile can be increased by above 30%. Waste heat of a driving motor of the electric automobile and waste heat of the power battery system are recovered, automatic adjustment of the working medium filling amount is achieved, further the energy efficiency of the system is improved, the load of an automotive outside heat exchanger during heating is reduced, and the heat safety of the driving motor system and the power battery system is ensured. In addition, heat damage to the system can be avoided, the reliability of the system can be improved, and the service life of the system can be prolonged.

Description

Electric vehicle waste heat recovery heat pump integrated thermal management system with automatic charge adjustment

technical field

The invention relates to an electric vehicle technology, in particular to a waste heat recovery heat pump type comprehensive heat management system for an electric vehicle with automatic charge adjustment.

Background technique

Electric vehicles have become the focus and focus of global development. At present, electric vehicles generally use electric heater PTC to heat in winter, but its efficiency is low, which seriously affects the mileage of electric vehicles on a single charge, causing the mileage of vehicles in winter to be 30% shorter than that in summer. Therefore, the air source heat pump system technology has received great attention at home and abroad.

After searching the literature of the prior art, we found a Chinese patent with the announcement number CN104534738A, the announcement date is April 22, 2015, and the patent name is "Electric Vehicle Heat Pump Air Conditioning Circulation System and Method". The patented technology is based on compressors, The air conditioner body composed of heat exchangers is characterized in that it includes two three-way valves: the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, the inlet of the compressor is connected to the second three-way valve through a coaxial tube, and the heat exchanger includes For the external heat exchanger and the internal heat exchanger, the outlet of the compressor is respectively connected to the external heat exchanger and the internal heat exchanger through the first three-way valve; both the external heat exchanger and the internal heat exchanger have two inlets. Outlet, one of the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle is connected to one inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger inside the vehicle through a coaxial pipe and an electronic expansion valve, and the other inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle have two branches, respectively connected to the first 1 three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the other inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger in the car has two branches, one of which is connected to the second three-way valve, and the other is connected to the first three-way valve through a one-way valve. Its shortcomings are: the waste heat of the driving motor cannot be recycled; the frosting problem of the external heat exchanger cannot be solved under the winter heating operation, and the defrosting and defogging can not be performed during the heating operation; the system structure complex. Other heat pump systems that recover waste heat from motors cannot meet the different requirements of the system for the charging amount of working fluid in heating operation and cooling operation.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a waste heat recovery heat pump type integrated thermal management system for electric vehicles with automatic charge adjustment, which has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and energy saving, and integrated and comprehensive integration of the vehicle power system and the thermal environment inside the vehicle. Management, reliable performance and convenient maintenance.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a waste heat recovery heat pump type comprehensive heat management system for electric vehicles with automatic charge adjustment, which is characterized in that it includes an electric compressor, a four-way reversing valve, and a heat exchanger for the air conditioner in the car , two-way electronic expansion valve, external air conditioner heat exchanger, water-cooled drive motor dual-mode thermal management circuit, battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger, first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve, third solenoid valve, gas-liquid separation channel, Working fluid charge automatic regulator, temperature and humidity sensor, pressure sensor, temperature setting device inside the vehicle and thermal management controller, the first electronic fan, The second electronic fan, the first port of the dual-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled driving motor is connected to a port of the four-way reversing valve through the port behind the first one-way valve and the first port of the outdoor air conditioner heat exchanger, The other three ports of the four-way reversing valve are respectively connected to the output port of the electric compressor, the first port of the gas-liquid separation channel, and the first port of the battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger. The first port of the internal air conditioner heat exchanger is connected, the input port of the electric compressor is connected with the second port of the gas-liquid separation channel, the automatic regulator of the charge of working fluid is connected with the two-way electronic expansion valve and the external air conditioner heat exchanger The pipelines between them are connected. The first port of the bidirectional electronic expansion valve and the second port of the battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger are connected to the second port of the interior air conditioner heat exchanger through the second solenoid valve. The second port of the electronic expansion valve and the second port of the dual-mode heat management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor are connected to the second port of the heat exchanger of the outdoor air conditioner through the common port after the first solenoid valve, and the dual-mode water-cooled drive motor The second port of the thermal management circuit is also connected to the second port of the battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger through the third solenoid valve, and the third port and the fourth port of the dual-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor are respectively connected to the water-cooled drive motor. The cooling water outlet and water inlet of the system motor drive controller are connected, and the thermal management controller is connected with the electric compressor, four-way reversing valve, second electronic fan, first electronic fan, two-way electronic expansion valve, and first solenoid valve , the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the dual-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor, the automatic regulator of working fluid charge, the temperature and humidity sensor, the pressure sensor, and the temperature setter in the vehicle are connected to the circuit, and the water-cooled drive The motor multi-mode thermal management circuit includes a motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a motor cooling heat exchanger, a driving motor cooling electric water pump, a three-way valve, and a first one-way valve. The motor cooling heat exchanger is provided with a driving motor heat exchanger The electronic fan, the drive motor heat exchanger, the electronic fan, the drive motor cooling electric water pump and the three-way valve are electrically connected to the thermal management controller, and the first port and the second port of the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger are respectively the water-cooled drive motor The first port and the second port of the multi-mode thermal management circuit, the first port of the three-way valve is the third port of the multi-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor, the second port and the third port of the three-way valve are respectively Connect with the third port of the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger and the first port of the motor cooling heat exchanger, and the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger The fourth port is connected with the second port of the motor cooling heat exchanger, and after the driving motor cools the electric water pump, it becomes the fourth port of the multi-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled driving motor. The motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger is used for manufacturing Recover the waste heat of the drive motor controller and drive motor when hot, the motor cooling heat exchanger and its drive motor heat exchanger electronic fan is used to cool the drive motor system when it is not heating, and the three-way valve is used to select its first The port is connected with its second port or its third port, and the thermal management controller is connected with the electric compressor, the four-way reversing valve, the electronic fan, the first electronic fan, the second electronic fan, the two-way electronic expansion valve, the second The circuit connection of the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the driving motor cooling electric water pump, the three-way valve, the automatic regulator of working fluid charge, the temperature and humidity sensor, the pressure sensor, and the temperature setting device in the car adopts CAN bus Or hard-wire connection, the thermal management controller realizes the operation control of the thermal management system and the control of the charge of the working medium through the coordinated control of these components.

The automatic regulator of working fluid charge includes a piston cylinder, a piston, a spring, an electric pump and an exhaust solenoid valve. The piston divides the piston cylinder into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The electronic expansion valve is connected to the pipeline between the heat exchanger of the outdoor air conditioner, the two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the piston and the bottom of the lower chamber, and the end of the electric air pump and the exhaust solenoid valve are respectively connected to the lower chamber, The other ends are respectively communicated with the atmosphere.

The water-cooled drive motor system includes a motor drive controller and a motor.

The automatic regulator of working fluid charge is connected to the pipeline connected to the electric compressor or the pipeline connected to the heat exchanger inside the vehicle or the pipeline connected to the heat exchanger outside the vehicle.

The temperature and humidity sensor and the pressure sensor are used to detect the ambient temperature outside the vehicle, the ambient temperature inside the vehicle, the humidity outside the vehicle and the pressure of the working medium on the high pressure side of the system.

The gas-liquid separation channel includes a gas-liquid separator and a dryer connected in sequence.

The motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger is a liquid-vapor heat exchanger.

The battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger is a liquid-vapor heat exchanger, its third port is connected to one end of the coolant pipeline of the liquid-cooled power battery system after passing through the electric water pump for battery heat management, and its fourth port is connected to the cooling The other end of the liquid line is connected.

The thermal management controller also has the function of controlling each damper in the air-conditioning system of the electric vehicle.

The system also includes an auxiliary heater, and the auxiliary heater is an electric heater or a fuel oil heater.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The present invention realizes the comprehensive integration of the thermal management of the electric vehicle interior environment, the drive motor and the power battery system, and realizes that the energy efficiency of the electric vehicle power heating is improved through the heat pump cycle. Compared with the current electric heating The heating system can save more than 50% of electric energy, thereby prolonging the driving range of electric vehicles by more than 30% on one charge.

(2) The present invention realizes the automatic adjustment of the charging amount of the working fluid by recycling the waste heat of the electric vehicle drive motor and the waste heat of the power battery system, and solves the problem of the optimal charging amount of the working medium under different operating modes and ambient temperatures of the system. requirements, further improving the energy efficiency of the system, reducing the load on the external heat exchanger during heating, and solving the problems of easy frosting and low energy efficiency ratio of the external heat exchanger in similar technologies during low-temperature heating.

(3) The present invention solves the problem of defrosting/defogging during heating operation through the heat pump air-conditioning system integrating the auxiliary electric heater and cooling/heating.

(4) The present invention not only guarantees the thermal safety of the drive motor system and the power battery system, but also avoids the thermal damage, improve its reliability, and prolong its service life.

Description of drawings

Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle waste heat recovery heat pump type comprehensive heat management system with automatic charge adjustment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic regulator of working fluid charge in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of working medium circulation during heating operation of an electric vehicle waste heat recovery heat pump integrated thermal management system with automatic charge adjustment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working fluid cycle of the waste heat recovery heat pump integrated heat management system for electric vehicles with automatic charge adjustment according to the embodiment of the present invention during cooling operation.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a waste heat recovery heat pump type integrated heat management system for electric vehicles with automatic charge adjustment, including an electric compressor 1, a four-way reversing valve 2, and a heat exchanger 3 for an in-vehicle air conditioner , two-way electronic expansion valve 5, outdoor air conditioner heat exchanger 6, water-cooled drive motor dual-mode heat management circuit, battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger 8, first solenoid valve 901, second solenoid valve 902, third solenoid valve 903 , gas-liquid separation channel, working fluid charge automatic regulator 11, temperature and humidity sensor 12, pressure sensor 13, in-vehicle temperature setting device 14 and thermal management controller 15, the in-vehicle air conditioner heat exchanger 3, the external air conditioner The heat exchanger 6 is respectively provided with a first electronic fan 301 and a second electronic fan 601, the first port of the water-cooled drive motor dual-mode thermal management circuit passes through the port after the first one-way valve 707 and the external air conditioner heat exchanger The first port of 6 is commonly connected to one port of the four-way reversing valve 2, and the other three ports of the four-way reversing valve 2 are respectively connected to the output port of the electric compressor 1, the first port of the gas-liquid separation channel and the waste heat of the battery. The first port of the recovery heat exchanger 8 is connected to the common port behind the second one-way valve 801 and the first port of the interior air conditioner heat exchanger 3, and the input port of the electric compressor 1 is connected to the second port of the gas-liquid separation channel. The ports are connected, the working fluid charge automatic regulator 11 is connected with the pipeline between the two-way electronic expansion valve 5 and the outdoor air conditioner heat exchanger 6, the first port of the two-way electronic expansion valve 5, the waste heat recovery and heat exchange of the battery The second port of the device 8 is commonly connected to the second port of the interior air conditioner heat exchanger 3 through the port behind the second electromagnetic valve 902, the second port of the bidirectional electronic expansion valve 5, and the dual-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor The second port is connected to the second port of the outdoor air conditioner heat exchanger 6 through the common port after the first solenoid valve 901, and the second port of the water-cooled drive motor dual-mode thermal management circuit is also connected to the battery through the third solenoid valve 903. The second port of the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 8 is connected, and the third port and the fourth port of the dual-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor are respectively connected to the cooling water outlet and water inlet of the motor drive controller of the water-cooled drive motor system. connection, the thermal management controller 15 is connected to the electric compressor 1, the four-way reversing valve 2, the second electronic fan 601, the first electronic fan 301, the two-way electronic expansion valve 5, the first solenoid valve 901, the second solenoid valve 902, The third solenoid valve 903, the dual-mode heat management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor, the automatic regulator 11 of working fluid charge, the temperature and humidity sensor 12, the pressure sensor 13, and the temperature setting device in the vehicle are connected by 14 phase circuits. The water-cooled drive motor The multi-mode thermal management circuit includes a motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701, a motor cooling heat exchanger 702, a driving motor cooling electric water pump 703, a three-way valve 704, and a first one-way valve 707. The motor cooling heat exchanger 702 is provided with The drive motor heat exchanger electronic fan 7021, the drive motor heat exchanger electronic fan 7021, the drive motor cooling electric water pump 703 and the three-way valve 704 are connected to the thermal management controller 15 phase circuits, and the first port of the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701 , the second port are respectively the first port and the second port of the multi-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor, the first port of the three-way valve 704 is the third port of the multi-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor, and the three-way valve The second port and the third port of 704 are respectively connected with the third port of the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701 and the first port of the motor cooling heat exchanger 702, the fourth port of the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701, the motor cooling The second port of the heat exchanger 702 is connected to the fourth port of the water-cooled drive motor multi-mode thermal management circuit after the drive motor cools the electric water pump 703. The motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701 is used for heating Recover the waste heat of the drive motor controller 705 and the drive motor 706, the motor cooling heat exchanger 702 and its drive motor heat exchanger electronic fan 7021 are used to cool the drive motor system during non-heating, and the three-way valve 704 is used to select Its first port is connected to its second port or its third port, and the thermal management controller 15 is connected to the electric compressor 1, the four-way reversing valve 2, the electronic fan 7021, the first electronic fan 301, the second electronic fan Fan 601, two-way electronic expansion valve 5, first solenoid valve 901, second solenoid valve 902, third solenoid valve 903, driving motor cooling electric water pump 703, three-way valve 704, automatic regulator of working fluid charge 11, temperature and humidity The circuit connection of the sensor 12, the pressure sensor 13, and the temperature setting device 14 in the vehicle adopts a CAN bus or a hard wire connection, and the thermal management controller 15 realizes the operation control of the thermal management system and the working medium through the coordinated control of these components. Charge control.

The working fluid charge automatic regulator 11 includes a piston cylinder 1101, a piston 1102, a spring 1103, an electric pump 1104 and an exhaust solenoid valve 1105. The piston 1102 divides the piston cylinder 1101 into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The opening at the top of the cavity is connected to the pipeline between the two-way electronic expansion valve 5 and the outdoor air conditioner heat exchanger 6, the two ends of the spring 1102 are respectively connected to the piston 1102 and the bottom of the lower cavity, and the electric air pump 1104 is connected to the bottom of the lower cavity. One end of the exhaust solenoid valve 1105 is respectively communicated with the lower cavity, and the other end is respectively communicated with the atmosphere.

The water-cooled drive motor system includes a motor drive controller 705 and a motor 706 .

The automatic regulator 11 of working fluid charge is connected with the pipeline connected with the electric compressor 1 or the pipeline connected with the heat exchanger 3 inside the vehicle or the pipeline connected with the heat exchanger 6 outside the vehicle .

The temperature and humidity sensor 12 and the pressure sensor 13 are used to detect the ambient temperature outside the vehicle, the ambient temperature inside the vehicle, the humidity outside the vehicle and the pressure of the working medium on the high pressure side of the system.

The gas-liquid separation channel includes a gas-liquid separator 1001 and a dryer 1002 connected in sequence.

The motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701 is a liquid-vapor heat exchanger.

The battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger 8 is a liquid-vapor heat exchanger, and its third port is connected to one end of the coolant pipeline of the liquid-cooled power battery system 803 after passing through the battery thermal management electric water pump 802, and its fourth port Connect to the other end of the coolant line.

The thermal management controller 15 also has the function of controlling each damper in the air-conditioning system of the electric vehicle.

The system also includes an auxiliary heater 4, and the auxiliary heater is an electric heater or a fuel heater.

The working process and working principle of the present embodiment are:

(1) Working process and working principle during heating operation:

In combination with Fig. 1, as shown in Fig. 3, the solid line arrows indicate the circulation path of the working fluid of the heat pump system, the dotted line arrows indicate the circulation path of the driving motor cooling water, and the dotted line arrows indicate the circulation path of the battery system coolant.

The thermal management controller 15 switches the four-way valve 2 to a state where the output port of the electric compressor 1 is connected to the first port of the interior air conditioner heat exchanger 3 and the other two ports are connected, and controls the electric compressor 1 control the rotating speed of the first electronic fan 301 arranged in the heat exchanger 3 of the air conditioner inside the vehicle, control the rotating speed of the second electronic fan 601 arranged in the heat exchanger 6 of the outdoor air conditioner, and the opening degree of the two-way electronic expansion valve 5 Respectively to the preset optimal value;

Heat pump main cycle: electric compressor 1→four-way valve 2→in-vehicle air conditioner heat exchanger 3→two-way electronic expansion valve 5→outside air-conditioner heat exchanger 6→four-way valve 2→gas-liquid separation channel (1001～1002) →Electric compressor 1, thereby absorbing heat from the atmosphere to heat the interior of the car;

Drive motor system waste heat recovery cycle and thermal management: thermal management controller 15 controls the first solenoid valve 901 to open to the optimum opening degree set according to the operating environment temperature and the set interior temperature requirements, and controls the three-way valve 704 to drive the motor The cooling water is connected to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701 of the motor, and the driving motor cooling electric water pump 703 is controlled to run so that the temperature of the driving motor system is stabilized within a preset temperature range. Therefore, in the heat pump main cycle, the working fluid passes through the two-way electronic expansion valve 5 → the first solenoid valve 901 → the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701 → the first one-way valve 707, and then circulates with the first path of the heat pump cycle. After the working medium of the external air conditioner heat exchanger 6 is combined → gas-liquid separation channel (1001-1002) → electric compressor 1; motor cooling water from the three-way valve 704 → motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701 → drive motor cooling electric water pump 703 → drive motor system (705, 706) → three-way valve 704. Therefore, waste heat is absorbed from the cooling system of the driving motor system to heat the interior of the vehicle, realizing flexible thermal management control of the driving motor system, and further improving the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump system; and by adjusting the opening degree of the first solenoid valve 901 control to realize the flow distribution of the working fluid passing through the bidirectional electronic expansion valve 5 to the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701 and the external air conditioner heat exchanger 6, which not only optimizes the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump system, but also enables heat exchange in the external air conditioner After the device 6 is about to be frosted or frosted, by reducing the load of the external air conditioner heat exchanger 6 or even making it stop absorbing heat from the atmosphere, the frosting of the external air conditioner heat exchanger 6 is reduced or even avoided, and the vehicle is continuously maintained at the same time. internal heating;

Waste heat recovery cycle and thermal management of the power battery system: on the basis of the waste heat recovery cycle of the drive motor system, the thermal management controller 15 further controls the second solenoid valve 902 to be closed, controls the opening of the third solenoid valve 903, and controls the battery heat. Manage the rotation speed of the electric water pump 802 so that the temperature of the battery system is within the preset range. After the working medium passes through the second solenoid valve 902 in the waste heat recovery cycle of the drive motor system → the third solenoid valve 903 → the battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger 8 → gas Liquid separation channel (1001-1002) → electric compressor 1: battery cooling liquid circulates from battery heat management electric water pump 802 → battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger 8 → battery system → battery heat management electric water pump 802. Therefore, waste heat is absorbed from the cooling system of the battery system to heat the interior of the vehicle, further improving the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump system, and also assisting in avoiding frosting of the heat exchanger 6 of the air conditioner outside the vehicle, while continuously heating the interior of the vehicle; By controlling the opening degree of the third solenoid valve 903, the flow distribution of the working fluid passing through the first solenoid valve 901 to the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701 and the battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger 8 is also realized, thereby improving the energy efficiency ratio of the system. And make the system realize the flexible thermal management control of the battery system during heating operation;

Control of the auxiliary electric heater 4: when the main cycle of the heat pump, the waste heat recovery cycle of the drive motor system, and the waste heat recovery cycle of the power battery system cannot meet the heating temperature requirements in the car, or when it is necessary to dehumidify the air entering the car for dehumidification During frost defogging, the thermal management controller 15 controls the auxiliary electric heater 4 to heat the interior of the vehicle, and at the same time controls the heat pump to work in a refrigeration cycle to dehumidify the air passing through the auxiliary electric heater 4 in advance, thereby expanding the low temperature limit of the heat pump system. And ensure driving safety.

(2) Working process and working principle during cooling operation:

Referring to Fig. 1, as shown in Fig. 4, the solid arrows represent the circulation path of the working fluid of the heat pump system, the dotted arrows represent the circulation path of the cooling water of the drive motor, and the dotted arrows represent the circulation path of the battery system coolant.

The thermal management controller 15 switches the four-way valve 2 to a state where the output port of the electric compressor 1 is connected to the first port of the outdoor air conditioner heat exchanger 6 and the other two ports are connected, and controls the electric compressor 1 control the rotating speed of the first electronic fan 301 arranged in the heat exchanger 3 of the air conditioner inside the vehicle, control the rotating speed of the second electronic fan 601 arranged in the heat exchanger 6 of the outdoor air conditioner, and the opening degree of the two-way electronic expansion valve 5 Respectively to the preset optimal value, control the first solenoid valve 901 and the third solenoid valve 903 to be in the closed state;

Refrigeration main cycle: electric compressor 1→four-way valve 2→outside air conditioner heat exchanger 6→two-way electronic expansion valve 5→inside air conditioner heat exchanger 3→four-way valve 2→gas-liquid separation channel (1001～1002) →Electric compressor 1, thereby absorbing heat from the inside of the car to cool the inside of the car;

Drive motor system cooling cycle and thermal management: thermal management controller 15 controls the three-way valve 704 to connect the drive motor cooling water to the motor cooling heat exchanger 702, controls the drive motor cooling electric water pump 703 to run to stabilize the drive motor system temperature at within the preset temperature range. Therefore, the motor cooling water flows from the three-way valve 704→the motor cooling heat exchanger 702→the driving motor cooling electric water pump 703→the driving motor system (705, 706)→the three-way valve 704. Thus, the cooling control of the motor is realized;

Cooling cycle and thermal management of the power battery system: the thermal management controller 15 controls the opening of the second solenoid valve 902 and the speed of the electric water pump 802 for battery thermal management so that the temperature of the battery system is within the preset range, and the working medium is expanded by two-way electronic expansion. Valve 5 → second solenoid valve 902 → battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger 8 → gas-liquid separation channel (1001-1002) → electric compressor 1, thereby cooling the battery system. By controlling the opening degree of the second solenoid valve 902, not only the energy efficiency ratio of the system is improved, but also the system realizes flexible thermal management control of the battery system during cooling operation.

(3) Working process and working principle of automatic adjustment of working fluid filling:

1-4, since the working fluid charge automatic regulator 11 includes a piston cylinder 1101, a piston 1102, a spring 1103, an electric pump 1104, and an exhaust solenoid valve 1105, wherein the piston 1102 divides the piston cylinder 1101 into The upper chamber and the lower chamber, the opening at the top of the upper chamber is connected to the pipeline between the two-way electronic expansion valve 5 and the outdoor air conditioner heat exchanger 6, and the two ends of the spring 1102 are respectively connected to the piston 1102 and the bottom of the lower chamber. Connected, one end of the electric air pump 1104 and the exhaust solenoid valve 1105 are respectively communicated with the lower chamber, and the other ends are respectively communicated with the atmosphere. Therefore, the upper chamber is filled with working fluid; the position of the piston 1102 in the piston cylinder is determined by the working fluid pressure, spring force and piston back pressure. The thermal management controller 15 controls the flexible control of the lower chamber pressure through the electric air pump 1104 and the exhaust solenoid valve 1105 according to the ambient temperature, the set interior temperature requirements and the energy efficiency ratio optimization requirements. Therefore, the flexible control of the position of the piston 1102 in the piston cylinder 1101 is realized, thereby controlling the volume and pressure of the upper chamber, and then realizing the flexible control of the working mass remaining in the upper chamber, that is, realizing the The flexible control of the charging amount of the working fluid involved in the cycle realizes the automatic adjustment of the charging amount of the working fluid.

Since the pressure and temperature in the automatic regulator 11 of the working fluid charge during the heating operation of the system are lower than the pressure and temperature during the heating operation of the system, when the system enters the heating operation mode, the working medium charge is automatically adjusted The working medium retained in the system during the heating operation of the system will be automatically added to the circulation pipeline to participate in the heat pump cycle, thereby further automatically solving the problem caused by the addition of the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger 701 and related pipelines during the heating operation of the system And it is required to increase the charging amount of working fluid.

The invention realizes the comprehensive integration of the thermal management of the environment inside the electric vehicle, the drive motor and the power battery system, and realizes the improvement of the energy efficiency of the electric vehicle power heating through the heat pump cycle. Compared with the current electric heating heating system, it can Save more than 50% of electric energy, thereby prolonging the mileage of electric vehicles on a single charge by more than 30%; by recovering the waste heat of the electric vehicle drive motor and the waste heat of the power battery system, the automatic adjustment of the working fluid charge can be realized to solve the problem of different systems The requirements for the best working fluid charge under the operating mode and ambient temperature further improve the energy efficiency of the system, reduce the load of the external heat exchanger during heating, and solve the problem of the external heat exchanger in the same technology. The problem of easy frosting and low energy efficiency ratio during low-temperature heating; through the heat pump air-conditioning system integrating auxiliary electric heater and cooling/heating, the problem of defrosting/defogging during heating operation is solved; through convection through the drive motor The flexible control of the working fluid flow of the waste heat recovery thermal management circuit and the power battery thermal management circuit not only ensures the thermal safety of the drive motor system and the power battery system, but also avoids thermal damage to them, improves their reliability, and prolongs their use life.

Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An electric vehicle waste heat recovery heat pump integrated heat management system with automatic charge adjustment, characterized in that it includes an electric compressor, a four-way reversing valve, a heat exchanger for an in-vehicle air conditioner, a two-way electronic expansion valve, and an external air conditioner Heat exchanger, water-cooled drive motor dual-mode thermal management circuit, battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger, first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve, third solenoid valve, gas-liquid separation channel, automatic regulator of working fluid charge, temperature Humidity sensor, pressure sensor, temperature setting device inside the car and thermal management controller, the heat exchanger of the air conditioner inside the car and the heat exchanger of the air conditioner outside the car are respectively provided with a first electronic fan, a second electronic fan, and a water-cooled drive motor The first port of the dual-mode thermal management circuit is connected to one port of the four-way reversing valve through the port behind the first one-way valve and the first port of the outdoor air conditioner heat exchanger, and the other three ports of the four-way reversing valve The ports are respectively the common port with the output port of the electric compressor, the first port of the gas-liquid separation channel and the first port of the battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger after passing through the second check valve, and the first port of the interior air conditioner heat exchanger. The input port of the electric compressor is connected with the second port of the gas-liquid separation channel, the automatic regulator of the working fluid charge is connected with the bidirectional electronic expansion valve and the pipeline between the outdoor air conditioner heat exchanger, bidirectional The first port of the electronic expansion valve and the second port of the battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger are connected to the second port of the interior air conditioner heat exchanger through the port behind the second solenoid valve. The second port of the two-way electronic expansion valve, the water cooling The second port of the dual-mode thermal management circuit of the drive motor is connected to the second port of the external air conditioner heat exchanger through the common port behind the first solenoid valve, and the second port of the dual-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor is also passed through The third solenoid valve is connected to the second port of the battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger, and the third port and the fourth port of the dual-mode heat management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor are respectively connected to the cooling water outlet of the motor drive controller of the water-cooled drive motor system. The water inlet and the water inlet are connected, and the thermal management controller is connected with the electric compressor, four-way reversing valve, the second electronic fan, the first electronic fan, the two-way electronic expansion valve, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, and the third solenoid valve. The valve, the water-cooled drive motor dual-mode thermal management circuit, the automatic regulator of working fluid charge, the temperature and humidity sensor, the pressure sensor, and the vehicle temperature setter are connected in phase circuit, and the water-cooled drive motor multi-mode thermal management circuit includes motor waste heat Recovery heat exchanger, motor cooling heat exchanger, driving motor cooling electric water pump, three-way valve, first one-way valve, the motor cooling heat exchanger is equipped with driving motor heat exchanger electronic fan, driving motor heat exchanger electronic fan The fan, the driving motor cooling electric water pump and the three-way valve are electrically connected to the thermal management controller, and the first port and the second port of the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger are respectively the first ports of the multi-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled driving motor , the second port, the first port of the three-way valve is the third port of the multi-mode thermal management circuit of the water-cooled drive motor, the second port and the third port of the three-way valve are respectively connected with the first port of the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger The three ports are connected to the first port of the motor cooling heat exchanger, the fourth port of the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger, and the second port of the motor cooling heat exchanger After the port is connected to the drive motor to cool the electric water pump, it is the fourth port of the water-cooled drive motor multi-mode thermal management circuit. The motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger is used to recover the waste heat of the drive motor controller and the drive motor during heating. , the motor cooling heat exchanger and its driving motor heat exchanger, the electronic fan is used to cool the driving motor system when it is not heating, and the three-way valve is used to select its first port to connect with its second port or its third port Communication, the thermal management controller is connected with the electric compressor, the four-way reversing valve, the electronic fan, the first electronic fan, the second electronic fan, the two-way electronic expansion valve, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid Valves, drive motor cooling electric water pumps, three-way valves, automatic regulators for working fluid charging, temperature and humidity sensors, pressure sensors, and in-vehicle temperature setting devices are connected by CAN bus or hard wires, and the thermal management controller controls these The coordinated control of the components realizes the operation control of the thermal management system and the control of the charge of working fluid. 2. A waste heat recovery heat pump type comprehensive heat management system for electric vehicles with automatic charge adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic charge regulator of working fluid includes a piston cylinder, a piston, a spring, an electric pressure Air pump and exhaust solenoid valve, the piston divides the piston cylinder into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the opening at the top of the upper chamber is connected to the pipeline between the bidirectional electronic expansion valve and the heat exchanger of the outdoor air conditioner, and the spring The two ends of the valve are respectively connected with the piston and the bottom of the lower chamber, one end of the electric air pump and the exhaust solenoid valve are respectively connected with the lower chamber, and the other ends are respectively connected with the atmosphere. 3 . The waste heat recovery heat pump integrated heat management system for electric vehicles with automatic charge adjustment according to claim 1 , wherein the water-cooled drive motor system includes a motor drive controller and a motor. 4 . 4. An electric vehicle waste heat recovery heat pump integrated heat management system with automatic charge adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe connecting the automatic charge adjuster and the electric compressor connected to the pipeline or the pipeline connected to the heat exchanger inside the vehicle or the pipeline connected to the heat exchanger outside the vehicle. 5. A waste heat recovery heat pump type integrated heat management system for electric vehicles with automatic charge adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors are used to detect the ambient temperature outside the vehicle and the environment inside the vehicle. Temperature, humidity outside the vehicle and working fluid pressure on the high pressure side of the system. 6 . The electric vehicle waste heat recovery heat pump integrated heat management system with automatic charge adjustment according to claim 1 , wherein the gas-liquid separation channel includes a gas-liquid separator and a dryer connected in sequence. 7 . 7 . The electric vehicle waste heat recovery heat pump integrated heat management system with automatic charge adjustment according to claim 1 , wherein the motor waste heat recovery heat exchanger is a liquid-vapor heat exchanger. 8. An electric vehicle waste heat recovery heat pump integrated heat management system with automatic charge adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery waste heat recovery heat exchanger is a liquid-vapor heat exchanger, and its third The port is connected to one end of the coolant pipeline of the liquid-cooled power battery system after passing through the battery thermal management electric water pump, and the fourth port is connected to the other end of the coolant pipeline. 9. A waste heat recovery heat pump integrated thermal management system for electric vehicles with automatic charge adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal management controller also has control over each damper in the electric vehicle air conditioning system Function. 10. A waste heat recovery heat pump integrated heat management system for electric vehicles with automatic charging adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that it also includes an auxiliary heater, and the auxiliary heater is an electric heater or fuel oil heating device.